CN111558730A - Ultrasonic-assisted cutting chip root acquisition method and device - Google Patents
Ultrasonic-assisted cutting chip root acquisition method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111558730A CN111558730A CN202010441100.3A CN202010441100A CN111558730A CN 111558730 A CN111558730 A CN 111558730A CN 202010441100 A CN202010441100 A CN 202010441100A CN 111558730 A CN111558730 A CN 111558730A
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B5/00—Turning-machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B25/00—Accessories or auxiliary equipment for turning-machines
- B23B25/06—Measuring, gauging, or adjusting equipment on turning-machines for setting-on, feeding, controlling, or monitoring the cutting tools or work
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for obtaining an ultrasonic-assisted cutting chip root, which belong to the field of metal processing, and comprise a dynamometer, a fixed ultrasonic vibrator, a movable ultrasonic vibrator, a fixing mechanism and a workpiece clamp, wherein the fixed ultrasonic vibrator and the movable ultrasonic vibrator can act on a workpiece to be cut through the workpiece clamp, and the sound wave emission directions of the fixed ultrasonic vibrator and the movable ultrasonic vibrator are different; the dynamometer is installed on the bottom side of the fixing mechanism, and the workpiece clamp is connected to the fixed ultrasonic vibrator and the movable ultrasonic vibrator. The device can solve the problem that the difficulty in obtaining the cutting root is high, and the cost is high and the waste is serious when a plurality of sets of cutting root obtaining devices are manufactured independently.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal processing, and particularly relates to a method and a device for obtaining an ultrasonic-assisted cutting chip root.
Background
The statements herein merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
The cutting force, the cutting heat, the surface processing quality, the service life of a cutting tool and the like in the metal cutting process are closely related to the chip forming process, and the chip root keeps the characteristics of chip deformation when a cutting layer material flows through a first deformation zone and the starting and expansion of a concentrated shear band, and is an important basis for measuring the geometric deformation of the cutting deformation and the plastic deformation zone, so that the better chip root is obtained, and the important significance is realized for researching the metal cutting mechanism.
The current methods for obtaining the root of the chip are mainly a rapid cutter method and a Buda method. The fast cutting method mainly depends on a fast cutting device, and the cutting tool is quickly separated from a workpiece by extremely high acceleration in the cutting process, so that the root of a chip is reserved. The method has the advantages that the chip root obtaining process is stable and easy to control, but the early preparation process is complicated, the limited conditions are more, the cost is higher, the acceleration of the cutting tool can only reach a limited range, and the method cannot be used for the high-speed cutting process. The Buda method is mainly characterized in that the special shape of a workpiece is utilized, so that a chip root is separated from a matrix under the action of cutting force, and the chip root is obtained.
The inventor thinks that the ultrasonic auxiliary cutting is to separate the cutting tool from the workpiece by using ultrasonic vibration, change the continuous cutting process into a micro-discontinuous cutting process and change the material removing mechanism of the cutting process. However, the application of ultrasonic vibration causes the actual cutting speed during cutting to vary continuously, the instantaneous speed may be extremely high, and the acquisition of the chip root is difficult. In addition, the commonly used ultrasonic auxiliary cutting process is divided into one-dimensional and two-dimensional ultrasonic auxiliary, the ultrasonic vibration direction and the workpiece form different angles, and the cost for independently manufacturing a plurality of sets of cutting chip root acquisition devices is high, and the waste is serious. Chip root acquisition techniques and devices for ultrasonically assisted cutting processes have not been reported.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an ultrasonic auxiliary cutting chip root acquisition method and device, which can solve the problems that the chip root acquisition difficulty is high in the ultrasonic auxiliary cutting process, and the cost and the waste are serious when a plurality of sets of chip root acquisition devices are manufactured independently.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides an ultrasonic-assisted cutting chip root acquisition device, which comprises a dynamometer, a fixed ultrasonic vibrator, a movable ultrasonic vibrator, a fixing mechanism and a workpiece clamp. The force measuring instrument is arranged on the bottom side of the fixing mechanism, the workpiece clamp is connected to the fixed ultrasonic vibrator and the movable ultrasonic vibrator, the fixed ultrasonic vibrator and the movable ultrasonic vibrator are arranged above the fixing mechanism and can act on a workpiece to be cut through the workpiece clamp, and the sound wave emission directions of the fixed ultrasonic vibrator and the movable ultrasonic vibrator are different.
As a further technical scheme, the fixed ultrasonic vibrator can drive the workpiece clamp to vibrate in a first direction, and the movable ultrasonic vibrator can drive the workpiece clamp to vibrate in a second direction; the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular.
According to a further technical scheme, the fixing mechanism comprises a fixing plate, a fixing support and a moving support, the fixing plate is fixedly connected with the fixing support, the fixing plate is connected with the moving support in a sliding mode, the fixing ultrasonic vibrator is connected to the fixing support, the moving ultrasonic vibrator is connected to the moving support, and the cutting tool is connected to a machine tool spindle.
As a further technical scheme, a T-shaped groove for fixing the movable support is formed in the fixing plate, so that the movable support can drive the movable ultrasonic vibrator to change the position and change the included angle between the ultrasonic vibration direction and the cutting speed direction.
As a further technical scheme, the bottom side of the workpiece clamp is also connected with a thread telescopic mechanism for adjusting the height of the workpiece relative to the cutting tool and serving as a support.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides an ultrasonic-assisted cutting chip root acquisition method using the ultrasonic-assisted cutting chip root acquisition apparatus according to any one of the first aspects, including:
mounting and fixing a dynamometer at the position of a tool rest of the machine tool, so that the ultrasonic-assisted cutting chip root acquisition device is mounted on the tool rest of the machine tool;
fixing the sheet-shaped workpiece to a workpiece fixture;
driving the workpiece to perform one-dimensional ultrasonic vibration by using the fixed ultrasonic vibrator; or simultaneously utilizing the fixed ultrasonic vibrator and the movable ultrasonic vibrator to drive the workpiece to perform two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration;
in the cutting process, the tool rest of the machine tool drives the workpiece to feed towards the direction of the cutting tool, and when the cutting tool cuts the workpiece to a preset position, a chip root sample is obtained.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) according to the technical scheme disclosed by the invention, the ultrasonic auxiliary cutting chip root test sample of the workpiece can be easily obtained, and the problem that the chip root is difficult to obtain can be solved.
2) According to the technical scheme disclosed by the invention, the two ultrasonic vibrators are used for applying ultrasonic vibration to the workpiece from different directions, the ultrasonic vibration generator can be applied to one-dimensional and two-dimensional ultrasonic auxiliary cutting processes at different angles, the application range is wide, and the problems of high cost and serious waste in the process of independently manufacturing a plurality of sets of chip root acquisition devices can be solved.
3) The technical scheme disclosed by the invention is suitable for the existing commercial machine clamp type blade, does not need to specially manufacture and sharpen a cutting tool, and is convenient to replace.
4) The technical scheme disclosed by the invention can adjust the height and the suspension length of the workpiece and is suitable for workpieces with various sizes.
5) According to the technical scheme disclosed by the invention, manual operation is not required in the using process, the method is safe and convenient, and the difficulty in obtaining the chip sample is obviously reduced.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention according to one or more embodiments,
figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a workpiece holder configuration according to one or more embodiments of the invention,
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a workpiece structure according to one or more embodiments of the invention.
In the figure: 1-a dynamometer, 2-a fixing plate, 3-a fixing support, 4-a fixed ultrasonic vibrator, 5-a movable support, 6-a movable ultrasonic vibrator, 7-a workpiece clamp, 8-a flaky workpiece, 9-a cutter head, 10-a blade, 11-a locking pin, 12-a workpiece fastening bolt, 13-a thread telescopic mechanism, 14-a chip root separation point, 15-a chip root, 16-a strip-shaped gap and 17-an open circular hole.
The spacing or dimensions between each other are exaggerated to show the location of the various parts, and the illustration is for illustrative purposes only.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and/or "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the invention expressly state otherwise, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof;
for convenience of description, the words "up", "down", "left" and "right" in the present invention, if any, merely indicate correspondence with up, down, left and right directions of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure, but merely facilitate the description of the invention and simplify the description, rather than indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Term interpretation section: the terms "mounted," "connected," "fixed," and the like in the present invention are to be understood in a broad sense, and for example, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "fixed" may be fixed, detachable, or integrated; the two components can be connected mechanically or electrically, directly or indirectly through an intermediate medium, or connected internally or in an interaction relationship, and the terms used in the present invention should be understood as having specific meanings to those skilled in the art.
As introduced by the background art, aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the method and the device for obtaining the root of the ultrasonic-assisted cutting chip, which can solve the problems of higher difficulty in obtaining the root of the cutting chip, higher cost and serious waste in independently manufacturing a plurality of sets of devices for obtaining the root of the cutting chip.
Example 1
In a typical embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the ultrasonic-assisted cutting chip root 15 acquisition device comprises a force measuring instrument 1, a fixing plate 2, a bracket, an ultrasonic vibrator, a workpiece clamp 7, a workpiece fastening bolt 12, a precise thread telescopic mechanism 13, a sheet-shaped workpiece 8 and a cutter head 9. Wherein, dynamometer 1 fixes in lathe knife rest bottom, can remove along with the ram, realizes axial and radial feed. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, machine tool holders are common components of existing machine tools that are used to move cutting tools.
The fixing plate 2 is provided with a T-shaped groove and is fixed on the dynamometer 1. In the present embodiment, the fixed plate 2 is a rectangular plate, and the fixed plate 2 serves on the one hand as a base for the entire device and on the other hand to transmit the moment of the machine tool head.
The support comprises a fixed support 3 and a movable support 5, wherein the fixed support 3 is fastened on the fixed plate 2, the movable support 5 is arranged in a T-shaped groove of the fixed plate 2, and the movable support 5 can slide relative to the fixed support 3. The ultrasonic vibrator is divided into a fixed ultrasonic vibrator 4 and a movable ultrasonic vibrator 6, the fixed ultrasonic vibrator 4 is fixed on the fixed support 3, and the movable ultrasonic vibrator 6 is fixed on the movable support 5. In this embodiment, the fixed bracket 3 is an L-shaped plate, and the movable bracket 5 is a rectangular plate. In this embodiment, since the fixing bracket 3 is L-shaped, and the moving bracket 5 and the fixing bracket 3 are disposed adjacent to each other, the moving bracket 5 and the fixing bracket 3 can jointly form a door frame-shaped structure, and the inner space thereof is used for installing the work holder 7.
The center of the workpiece clamp 7 is provided with a through hole, the vertical section of the through hole is rectangular for placing a sheet workpiece 8, and the top end of the workpiece clamp 7 is provided with a sleeve structure with a locking function so as to connect and fix the ultrasonic vibrator 4 and move the ultrasonic vibrator 6. Specifically, the sleeve structure comprises a double-layer cylindrical part, a locking pin 11 is arranged at the top end of the cylindrical part, the cylindrical part is fixedly connected with the fixed ultrasonic vibrator 4 at the center of the inner layer of the cylindrical part, and the cylindrical part is connected with the movable ultrasonic vibrator 6 at the outer layer of the cylindrical part.
The workpiece fastening bolts 12 are arranged on the side and the top of the workpiece clamp 7 and used for fastening the sheet-shaped workpiece 8, ensuring that the suspension elongation of the sheet-shaped workpiece 8 is kept unchanged in the working process, and enabling the workpiece clamp 7 to be suitable for the sheet-shaped workpieces 8 with different thicknesses.
The precise thread telescopic mechanism 13 is arranged on the bottom surface of the workpiece clamp 7, is used for adjusting the height of the flaky workpiece 8 and plays a role in supporting, wherein the precise thread telescopic mechanism at the front end is coaxial with the fastening bolt 12 at the top end of the workpiece clamp; the edge of the sheet-shaped workpiece 8 is prefabricated with a thin groove, and the top end of the thin groove in the workpiece is provided with a micropore; the cutter head 9 is fixed on the main shaft of the machine tool and is used for fixing the blade 10. The structure of the precise thread telescoping mechanism 13 is similar to that of a micrometer screw, the precise thread telescoping mechanism comprises a stud and a thread shaft sleeve in thread fit with the stud, the extension size of the stud can be adjusted by rotating the thread shaft sleeve, and then the height of the flaky workpiece 8 is adjusted, so that the workpiece clamp 7 is suitable for flaky workpieces 8 with different widths or different positions of the strip-shaped gap 16 and the opening round hole 17.
The fixed plate 2 is provided with a T-shaped groove for fixing the movable support 5, so that the movable support 5 can drive the movable ultrasonic vibrator 6 to change the position, and the included angle between the ultrasonic vibration direction and the cutting speed direction is changed.
It will be appreciated that the ultrasonic vibrations, when propagating, will cause interference, superposition and resonance phenomena, thus changing the position of the mobile ultrasonic vibrator 6, i.e. changing the physical characteristics of the ultrasonic vibrations it generates in conjunction with the fixed ultrasonic vibrator.
It should be noted that, in the sheet-like workpiece 8 of the present embodiment, a plurality of openings are formed in one side of the workpiece, and each opening includes a strip-shaped slit 16 and an opening circular hole 17 which are communicated with each other, and the separation point 14 of the chip root 15 is easily formed at the opening circular hole 17 according to the judgment of the cutting experience.
Example 2
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, example 2 discloses an ultrasonic assisted cutting chip root acquisition method using the ultrasonic assisted cutting chip root acquisition apparatus as described in example 1, including the steps of:
and (3) installing and fixing the cutter head 9 on a machine tool spindle, fixing a convex blade 10 at the edge of the cutter head 9, and enabling the cutting edge of the blade 10 to be parallel to the machine tool spindle so as to ensure that no auxiliary edge participates in cutting during cutting.
The force measuring instrument 1 is installed and fixed at the position of a tool rest of a lathe, the sheet-shaped workpiece 8 installed in the workpiece clamp 7 is adjusted to the position that the center of the opening round hole 14 is as high as the height of a main shaft of the lathe by using a precise thread telescopic mechanism 13, a workpiece fastening bolt 12 is screwed after a certain overhanging length is achieved, and the sheet-shaped workpiece 8 is fixed.
And loosening the locking pin 11 of the sleeve structure at the top end of the workpiece clamp 7, disconnecting the power supply of the movable ultrasonic vibrator 6, and driving the sheet-shaped workpiece 8 to perform one-dimensional ultrasonic vibration by only using the fixed ultrasonic vibrator 4.
In the cutting process, the cutter rest of the machine tool drives the sheet-shaped workpiece 8 to feed to the cutter head 9, when the blade 10 cuts the sheet-shaped workpiece 8 to the position near the position of the open round hole 14, the cutting chips are cut off from a gradually thinned part along the rotation direction of the cutter head under the action of cutting force and fly out with the root of the cutting chips, and therefore a high-quality chip root sample is obtained.
Example 3
In a typical embodiment of the present invention, example 3 discloses an ultrasonic assisted cutting chip root acquisition method using an ultrasonic assisted cutting chip root acquisition apparatus as described in example 1, and example 3 is different from example 2 in that example 3 performs ultrasonic assisted cutting using both a moving ultrasonic vibrator 6 and a fixed ultrasonic vibrator 4.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The ultrasonic-assisted cutting chip root acquisition device is characterized by comprising a dynamometer, a fixed ultrasonic vibrator, a movable ultrasonic vibrator, a fixing mechanism and a workpiece clamp, wherein the dynamometer is installed on the bottom side of the fixing mechanism, the workpiece clamp is connected to the fixed ultrasonic vibrator and the movable ultrasonic vibrator, the fixed ultrasonic vibrator and the movable ultrasonic vibrator are installed above the fixing mechanism and can act on a workpiece to be cut through the workpiece clamp, and the sound wave emission directions of the fixed ultrasonic vibrator and the movable ultrasonic vibrator are different.
2. The ultrasonic-assisted cutting chip root extraction device according to claim 1, wherein the fixed ultrasonic vibrator is capable of driving the workpiece holder to vibrate in a first direction, and the moving ultrasonic vibrator is capable of driving the workpiece holder to vibrate in a second direction; the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular.
3. The ultrasonic-assisted cutting chip root acquisition device according to claim 1, wherein the fixing mechanism comprises a fixing plate, a fixing bracket and a moving bracket, the fixing plate is fixedly connected with the fixing bracket, the fixing plate is slidably connected with the moving bracket, the fixing ultrasonic vibrator is connected with the fixing bracket, the moving ultrasonic vibrator is connected with the moving bracket, and the cutting tool is connected with a machine tool spindle.
4. The ultrasonic-assisted cutting chip root acquisition device according to claim 3, wherein the fixed plate is provided with a T-shaped groove for fixing the movable support, so that the movable support can drive the movable ultrasonic vibrator to change the position and change the included angle between the ultrasonic vibration direction and the cutting speed direction.
5. The ultrasonic-assisted cutting chip root acquisition device according to claim 1, wherein the top end of the work holder is provided with a sleeve structure, the center of the top end of the sleeve structure is connected with the fixed ultrasonic vibrator, and the outer layer of the sleeve structure is connected with the movable ultrasonic vibrator.
6. The ultrasonic-assisted cutting chip root extraction device of claim 5, wherein the sleeve structure comprises a double-layered cylinder, the top of which is provided with a locking pin; the fixed ultrasonic vibrator can be connected with the top of the inner layer of the cylindrical body.
7. The ultrasonic-assisted cutting chip root retrieving device of claim 6, wherein one end of the moving ultrasonic vibrator is connected to the outer layer of the cylindrical body.
8. The ultrasonic-assisted cutting chip root extraction device of claim 1, wherein the workpiece holder is provided with a through hole for holding a workpiece.
9. The ultrasonic-assisted cutting chip root extraction device of claim 1, wherein a precision thread extension and retraction mechanism is further attached to the bottom side of the workpiece holder for height adjustment of the workpiece relative to the cutting tool and for support.
10. An ultrasonic-assisted cutting chip root acquisition method characterized by using the ultrasonic-assisted cutting chip root acquisition apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:
mounting and fixing a dynamometer at the position of a tool rest of the machine tool, so that the ultrasonic-assisted cutting chip root acquisition device is mounted on the tool rest of the machine tool;
fixing the sheet-shaped workpiece to a workpiece fixture;
driving the workpiece to perform one-dimensional ultrasonic vibration by using the fixed ultrasonic vibrator; or simultaneously utilizing the fixed ultrasonic vibrator and the movable ultrasonic vibrator to drive the workpiece to perform two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration;
in the cutting process, the tool rest of the machine tool drives the workpiece to feed towards the direction of the cutting tool, and when the cutting tool cuts the workpiece to a preset position, a chip root sample is obtained.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010441100.3A CN111558730A (en) | 2020-05-22 | 2020-05-22 | Ultrasonic-assisted cutting chip root acquisition method and device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010441100.3A CN111558730A (en) | 2020-05-22 | 2020-05-22 | Ultrasonic-assisted cutting chip root acquisition method and device |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN111558730A true CN111558730A (en) | 2020-08-21 |
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| CN202010441100.3A Withdrawn CN111558730A (en) | 2020-05-22 | 2020-05-22 | Ultrasonic-assisted cutting chip root acquisition method and device |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115958436A (en) * | 2022-12-26 | 2023-04-14 | 山东大学 | Device and method for determining right-angle cutting and observing cutting process |
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2020
- 2020-05-22 CN CN202010441100.3A patent/CN111558730A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115958436A (en) * | 2022-12-26 | 2023-04-14 | 山东大学 | Device and method for determining right-angle cutting and observing cutting process |
| CN115958436B (en) * | 2022-12-26 | 2024-05-10 | 山东大学 | Device and method for determining right angle cutting and observing cutting process |
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Application publication date: 20200821 |