CN111558278A - Evaluation method for heat energy utilization efficiency of temperature swing adsorption carbon capture technology - Google Patents
Evaluation method for heat energy utilization efficiency of temperature swing adsorption carbon capture technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN111558278A CN111558278A CN202010203265.7A CN202010203265A CN111558278A CN 111558278 A CN111558278 A CN 111558278A CN 202010203265 A CN202010203265 A CN 202010203265A CN 111558278 A CN111558278 A CN 111558278A
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- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
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Abstract
The invention discloses an evaluation method for heat energy utilization efficiency of a temperature-swing adsorption carbon capture technology. The invention firstly establishes a benchmarking process, and finishes complete benchmark benchmarking by defining an evaluation object, determining benchmarking evaluation parameters, establishing an index calculation method, establishing a boundary, collecting and analyzing data, evaluating efficiency and improving. Secondly, the uncertainty of different boundaries on analysis results is summarized, the heat consumption is sequentially expanded into three boundary levels of adsorbent regeneration heat consumption, adsorption cavity heat consumption and system overall heat consumption, and various heat consumptions are introduced and put into respective boundaries to form standardized heat consumption classification. The invention also establishes a set of standard benchmark alignment experimental method, wherein the measuring points are arranged on each device in the temperature-changing carbon adsorption capture system, the positions of the measuring points are arranged in the parameters to be measured, then data acquisition is carried out to obtain the data of the required parameters, and the analysis of the benchmark alignment is completed by adopting a general calculation formula of the alignment parameters.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of thermodynamic research of a carbon capture technology, in particular to an evaluation method for heat energy utilization efficiency of a temperature swing adsorption carbon capture technology.
Background
Climate problems, especially the greenhouse effect and global warming, have received increasing attention, the most direct reason being the artificial excessive emission of carbon dioxide. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a mitigation and control of large emissions source CO2One of the main strategies for emissions, also to achieve large-scale CO2The most fundamental means of emission reduction. Thus, more severe emission control scenarios call for accelerated development of practical carbon capture technologies.
Carbon capture and sequestration research is widely recognized as a new proposition of the human society facing common challenges in this century. However, in recent years CCS research has been slowed down in the development of technology because of an "old" problem, namely: due to the fact that energy consumption corresponding to unit trapping amount is too high, technical development is difficult to push under sustainable cost conditions. Moreover, it is enriched with 1 ton of CO when the current stage carbon capture technology level is examined by the first law of thermodynamics2Heat consumption is often 3-4 GJ; when the method is examined through a second law of thermodynamics, the thermodynamic perfection of the method is generally below 15%, the technical maturity is low, and the potential of energy conservation and consumption reduction is huge. Moreover, the energy efficiency analysis of the typical technology lacks a uniform method and a reasonable reference, so that research conclusions on energy efficiency and energy consumption are weak in persuasion, poor in popularization, and even contradictory to each other. The above problems are urgently solved, and a benchmark analysis framework is urgently needed to perform determination, calibration and analysis.
There are many ways to implement carbon capture technology, for example: absorption, adsorption, membrane separation, cryogenic separation, and the like. Among them, the adsorption carbon capture technology is getting more and more attention from researchers due to its advantages of low regeneration heat consumption, low requirement for heat energy grade, large unit capture capacity, and less equipment required by the system. The temperature swing adsorption is a typical technology of the adsorption technology, and has the advantages of thorough regeneration, high recovery rate, small product loss and the like. Meanwhile, due to the adoption of low-grade heat energy, the solar energy and geothermal energy can be combined with renewable energy sources (such as solar energy and geothermal energy), and the solar energy and geothermal energy are widely concerned in recent years. The invention provides a standard alignment evaluation frame and a derivative standard experimental method based on thermodynamics and oriented to the heat energy utilization efficiency of the temperature-variable adsorption carbon capture technology.
In one aspect, some of the inventors have primarily innovated in developing new carbon capture systems. As disclosed in publication No.: the patent of CN106693614A proposes a compact ammonia carbon capture system driven by an ammonia water second-class absorption heat pump, and the ammonia carbon dioxide capture system and the ammonia-water second-class absorption heat pump are compactly combined, so that the equipment cost and the complexity are reduced. There are also publication numbers: CN109200749A patent proposes a temperature swing adsorption carbon capture system with microwave heating assisted desorption process, which adopts a temperature swing adsorption carbon capture unit, a microwave desorption unit and a cooling unit, and adopts a circulation mode of two or more reaction towers to ensure the continuity of the temperature swing adsorption carbon capture process, improve the carbon dioxide capture rate, and is beneficial to industrial production. There are also publication numbers: the patent of CN109200751A provides a solar-driven vacuum power transformation carbon adsorption capture system for building ventilation, which can further reduce the energy consumption of the system by optimizing the process of a carbon dioxide adsorbent material and adopting solar photovoltaic drive, and can promote fresh air exchange in a building while separating carbon dioxide product gas from the building air with high efficiency and low energy consumption all the year round and improve the air quality.
On the other hand, some inventors have attempted innovations in reducing the energy consumption of carbon capture systems. As disclosed in publication No.: the low-temperature carbon capture system provided by the patent of CN207042190U adopts the waste heat of flue gas for energy supply and combines the energy supply of solar energy for supplying carbon capture energy consumption, and adopts Methylcyclohexylamine (MCA) as CO2The absorbent not only saves the power generation cost, but also reduces the emission of carbon dioxide, reduces the carbon capture energy consumption, and is economical and environment-friendly. Another invention patent with publication number CN109173558A relates to a low-energy-consumption carbon dioxide capture and sealAnd the storage system combines the compression and expansion work recovery of the flue gas and the waste heat recovery of the heat regenerator in the carbon capture system of the power plant after combustion so as to save the power consumption to the maximum extent and improve the efficiency.
However, the existing related patents cannot solve the uncertainty and non-uniformity of the energy efficiency research of the existing carbon capture technology, and cannot achieve the above-mentioned energy efficiency benchmark benchmarking evaluation framework and standard test method for developing the temperature swing adsorption carbon capture technology. In particular, the overall framework of the energy efficiency analysis of carbon capture needs to be refined, summarized and integrated, and researchers engaged in the technology of carbon capture adsorption have realized the importance of energy efficiency research, and the convergence of the two aspects makes it urgently necessary to establish a set of benchmark-target evaluation framework to develop fair and reasonable research analysis and perform assistant demonstration through standard experiments.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides an evaluation method for the heat energy utilization efficiency of a temperature swing adsorption carbon capture technology. By establishing an efficiency standard analysis frame and a standard test method, the efficiency analysis of the temperature swing adsorption carbon capture technology has a unified method and a reasonable standard, the research conclusion is convincing and generalizing, and a set of demonstration system is formed.
The technical scheme of the invention is an evaluation method for heat energy utilization efficiency of a temperature swing adsorption carbon capture technology, which is based on a standard method, completely analyzes the heat energy utilization efficiency and forms an empirical system, and comprises an evaluation frame and a standard test method.
The evaluation framework based on the benchmark benchmarking method comprises the following steps: basic benchmarking flow, energy consumption boundary division and standardized classification;
wherein, the benchmark is to standard flow:
the first step is to determine an evaluation object, and the trapping energy efficiency of the temperature swing adsorption carbon is the evaluation object applicable to the invention;
the second step is to determine the evaluation parameters, the unit heat-trapping consumption (e), and the evaluation index of the energy-consumption level
Second law of thermodynamics efficiency (η)R) Three types of evaluation parameters, wherein the three types of evaluation parameters comprise absolute size, relative size and quality of energy consumption;
the third step is to establish an index calculation method, and the index calculation method of the invention comprises the following steps:
setting a boundary, dividing the boundary into three boundaries which are sequentially expanded for an adsorbent, an adsorption cavity and a system aiming at the TSA, and refining the attribution boundary of the energy consumption according to the boundary;
collecting and analyzing data, and preliminarily collecting the heat energy utilization efficiency data of the TSA; defining energy heat consumption types, clarifying boundaries, and calculating to obtain a performance result;
and the sixth step is energy efficiency evaluation and improvement, namely, the data distribution level of the target parameters is subjected to performance improvement through the TSA.
Considering all the possibilities of generating heat consumption, the heat consumption is divided into three levels, and the three levels are respectively the regeneration heat consumption of the adsorbent, the heat consumption of the adsorption cavity and the overall energy consumption of the system according to the continuous expansion of the boundary; the heat consumption of each part of the whole temperature swing adsorption carbon capture system is summarized, and the following six types are summarized: respectively sensible heat Q of adsorbent1Sensible heat Q of adsorbate2Adsorbate latent heat Q3Sensible heat Q of gas4Heat loss Q of metal parts5Adsorption cavity heat dissipation heat loss Q6Heat dissipation heat loss Q of pipeline7Heat loss Q of other auxiliary equipment8Put it into different boundaries as shown in the following formula:
adsorbent: qAdsorbent and process for producing the same＝Q1+Q2+Q3(Border 1)
An adsorption cavity: qAdsorption cavity＝QAdsorbent and process for producing the same+Q4+Q5+Q6(boundary 2)
The system comprises the following steps: q ═ QAdsorption cavity+Q7+Q8(boundary 3)
The method is subjected to benchmark alignment, and an experimental method is formed by relying on an actual test system on the basis of established benchmarks, definite boundaries and definite calculation methods, so that the existing carbon capture unit system is placed in a constant-temperature and constant-humidity test environment, and the influence of environmental factors on test results is reduced to the minimum;
the method comprises the steps of arranging measuring points on each device in the carbon capture system, installing the positions of the measuring points in parameters to be measured, acquiring data to obtain data of the required parameters, and completing benchmark analysis through a general calculation formula of parameters of the benchmarks.
Has the advantages that: the invention has the innovation points that: 1. a brand-new evaluation framework oriented to the heat energy utilization efficiency of the temperature swing adsorption carbon capture technology is provided, and the evaluation framework comprises a basic benchmarking process, energy consumption boundary division and standardized classification. Through the evaluation framework, the energy efficiency analysis of the typical carbon capture technology can have a more uniform method and a reasonable benchmark, so that the research conclusion in the aspect of energy consumption is more convincing and generalizing.
2. A brand-new standard test method for the heat energy utilization efficiency of the temperature swing adsorption carbon capture technology is provided. Through the standard test method, a set of demonstration system derived based on the evaluation framework is formed. The example analysis and use of a specific temperature swing adsorption carbon capture technique provides a quantitative path from the current performance level to the desired performance level for the TSA-oriented technique.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of benchmarking.
Fig. 2 is a boundary partition diagram.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the arrangement of measuring points.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a relatively perfect benchmarking process based on the application of a standard benchmarking in various fields and a thermodynamics temperature swing adsorption carbon capture technology, as shown in figure 1. First, targeting is defined, and the present invention is directed to temperature swing adsorption energy efficiency, depending on project objectives and the reserve of existing data. Secondly, determining benchmarking evaluation parameters, wherein the evaluation indexes of unit trapping energy consumption (e) and energy consumption level are adopted in the method
And second law of thermodynamics efficiency (η)R). The reason for selecting the above three benchmarking evaluation parameters is that: based on the heat energy utilization efficiency evaluation index of unit trapping energy consumption adopted by the idea of the first law of thermodynamics, the evaluation index is analyzed from the angle of energy conservation, so that the energy loss in the carbon trapping process can be evaluated, and the quantitative relation of energy in the transfer and conversion processes can be described; however, the heat utilization efficiency evaluation index of the second law efficiency adopted on the basis of the idea of the second law of thermodynamics can also represent the direction, conditions and limits during energy transfer or conversion, and can further analyze the heat utilization efficiency of the carbon capture system; finally, the invention is innovatively used
The energy conversion efficiency of the carbon capture system can be visually described by using the evaluation index of the energy level, and the method has clear significance for improving the energy efficiency and reducing the energy consumption. Therefore, the three benchmarking evaluation parameters can be used as a complete and brand-new evaluation index for the carbon capture system to evaluate. The method for calculating the index is established immediately, and the formula established by the invention can be applied to all carbon capture technologies. The purpose of the border is to make the reference objects more regular and comprehensive, and to embed each parameter of different technologies and methods into the applicable type through the border. Then collecting and analyzing data, and sorting the existing experimental data and formulas to find that different carbon capture technologies have different energy efficiency index expression modes, even aiming at the same technology, according to different analysis directions and formulasThe expression mode of the energy efficiency index is still disordered by testing factors such as environment and the like. In short, the benchmark benchmarking is to analyze the disordered, disordered and complex energy efficiency through a benchmark, so that the benchmark benchmarking can be more standardized and convincing. And finally, evaluating and improving the energy efficiency, establishing a distribution level diagram through the existing benchmarking parameter data result, and more intuitively seeing the benchmark benchmarking result.
The invention aims at the investigation and research of the heat consumption of the temperature swing adsorption carbon capture technology, considers the possibility of generating the heat consumption, divides the heat consumption into three levels, and continuously enlarges the boundary according to the regeneration heat consumption of the adsorbent, the heat consumption of the adsorption cavity and the heat consumption of the whole system. By simplifying the temperature swing adsorption carbon capture system, the boundary divisions of the overall system are demonstrated, as shown in fig. 2. The invention summarizes the heat consumption of each part of the whole temperature swing adsorption carbon capture system, and can be summarized into the following representative parts which are respectively the sensible heat Q of the adsorbent in the whole view, although the heat consumption is not unified or the technical starting point is not consistent in the clear non-standardized classification method in the prior study, and the problems are solved1Sensible heat Q of adsorbate2Adsorbate latent heat Q3Sensible heat Q of gas4Heat loss Q of metal parts5Adsorption cavity heat dissipation heat loss Q6Heat loss Q of piping member7Other auxiliary energy consumption Q8Put it into different boundaries as shown in the following formula:
adsorbent: qAdsorbent and process for producing the same＝Q1+Q2+Q3(Border 1)
An adsorption cavity: qAdsorption cavity＝QAdsorbent and process for producing the same+Q4+Q5+Q6(boundary 2)
The system comprises the following steps: q ═ QAdsorption cavity+Q7+Q8(boundary 3)
The invention also establishes a set of standard benchmarking experimental method. The system can aim at all carbon capture systems, and can ensure that each measured data and each established condition in the whole system can obtain a standardized conclusion by perfecting the problems of nonstandard temperature measurement, incapability of estimating heat loss, influence of environmental conditions on the system and the like in the existing system. According to the standard experiment method, the existing carbon capture unit system is placed in a constant-temperature and constant-humidity test environment, so that the influence of environmental factors on a test result is reduced to the minimum. Measuring point arrangement is carried out on each device in the carbon capture system, the positions of the measuring points are installed in parameters to be measured, then data acquisition is carried out to obtain required parameter data, and a general calculation formula of standard parameters is adopted to finish standard-to-standard analysis.
In the temperature swing adsorption carbon capture test system, attention needs to be paid to loss of heat loss and the like of each part, and corresponding test points are arranged for detection. In calculating sensible heat Q of adsorbent1In this case, the physical property parameters (specific heat capacity, density, etc.) of the selected adsorbent can be obtained; according to the size of the designed adsorption cavity, the volume of the filled adsorbent, the bed voidage and the like can be obtained; for the temperature of the adsorbent, the temperature of the adsorbent is continuously changed unevenly and irregularly in the whole adsorption and regeneration process, and the test system measures the temperature by arranging a plurality of temperature measuring points in the adsorption bed and using thermocouples to measure the temperature and finally obtains the average temperature difference. In calculating the apparent heat loss Q of the metal part5And heat loss Q of piping member7During the process, physical parameters and size parameters (specific heat capacity, density and volume) of the metal material and the pipeline can be obtained aiming at the metal wall material of the selected adsorption cavity and the pipeline material of the system, and the temperature inside and outside the metal wall and the pipeline wall can be measured by a thermocouple. When calculating the heat dissipation heat loss Q of the adsorption cavity6When the heat dissipation heat loss is considered, the heat transfer area of the adsorption cavity, the temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the wall of the adsorption cavity, the corresponding heat transfer coefficient and the corresponding convection heat transfer coefficient are measured, and therefore the heat dissipation heat loss is obtained. In calculating heat loss Q of other auxiliary equipment8(such as a fan and a pump), the input work can be converted into heat consumption. In the temperature swing adsorption carbon capture system of the present invention, the heat exchange medium selected for regeneration is dry air, but due to the sensible heat Q of the adsorption phase2And sensible heat Q of gas4Only accounts for about 0.4 percent of the total heat consumption, so the heat consumption can be ignored in the test process. The total heat consumption of the whole circulating system can be measured by arranging measuring points for the water temperatures of the inlet and the outlet. Thus, can pass through the bookThe test system completes the benchmark mapping test of heat consumption and ensures the correctness and standardization of the heat consumption results of all parts.
Measuring points for temperature, mole fraction and volume flow are arranged at the gas inlet and the gas outlet, and then CO can be calculated2Minimum work of separation. Calculating Gibbs free energy by calling enthalpy change values in the NEST database to obtain
Meanwhile, the efficiency of the second law of thermodynamics can be calculated by measuring the input work W of the pump and the fan through the measuring points. The specific measuring point arrangement is shown in FIG. 3.
The temperature and CO of each part are measured through the arrangement of the position of each measuring point2Mole fraction, CO2And volume flow and the like are measured in a standardized manner, so that the test value corresponding to each test point is as close to a standard value as possible, and standardized calculation is performed through various general calculation formulas. Therefore, the benchmark mapping test of various indexes can be completed through the temperature swing adsorption carbon capture technology test system.
Claims (4)
1. A method for evaluating heat energy utilization efficiency of a temperature swing adsorption carbon capture technology is characterized by comprising the following steps: and (3) based on a standard aligning method, completely analyzing the heat energy utilization efficiency and forming an evidence system, including an evaluation frame and a standard test method.
2. The method for evaluating the heat energy utilization efficiency of the temperature swing adsorption carbon capture technology according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the evaluation framework based on the benchmark benchmarking method comprises the following steps: basic benchmarking flow, energy consumption boundary division and standardized classification; wherein, the benchmark is to standard flow:
the first step is to determine an evaluation object, and the trapping energy efficiency of the temperature swing adsorption carbon is the evaluation object applicable to the invention;
the second step is to determine the evaluation parameters, the unit heat-trapping consumption (e), and the evaluation index of the energy-consumption level
Second law of thermodynamics efficiency (η)R) Three types of evaluation parameters, wherein the three types of evaluation parameters comprise absolute size, relative size and quality of energy consumption;
the third step is to establish an index calculation method, and the index calculation method of the invention comprises the following steps:
setting a boundary, dividing the boundary into three boundaries which are sequentially expanded for an adsorbent, an adsorption cavity and a system aiming at the TSA, and refining the attribution boundary of the energy consumption according to the boundary;
collecting and analyzing data, and preliminarily collecting the heat energy utilization efficiency data of the TSA; defining energy heat consumption types, clarifying boundaries, and calculating to obtain a performance result;
and the sixth step is energy efficiency evaluation and improvement, namely, the data distribution level of the target parameters is subjected to performance improvement through the TSA.
3. The method for evaluating the heat energy utilization efficiency of the temperature swing adsorption carbon capture technology according to claim 1, wherein the heat consumption is divided into three levels according to the expansion of the boundary, namely the regeneration heat consumption of the adsorbent, the heat consumption of the adsorption cavity and the energy consumption of the whole system, taking all the possibilities of generating the heat consumption into consideration; the heat consumption of each part of the whole temperature swing adsorption carbon capture system is summarized, and the following six types are summarized: respectively sensible heat Q of adsorbent1Sensible heat Q of adsorbate2Adsorbate latent heat Q3Sensible heat Q of gas4Heat loss Q of metal parts5Adsorption cavity heat dissipation heat loss Q6Powder of pipeline and the likeHeat loss Q7Heat loss Q of other auxiliary equipment8Put it into different boundaries as shown in the following formula:
adsorbent: qAdsorbent and process for producing the same＝Q1+Q2+Q3(Border 1)
An adsorption cavity: qAdsorption cavity＝QAdsorbent and process for producing the same+Q4+Q5+Q6(boundary 2)
The system comprises the following steps: q ═ QAdsorption cavity+Q7+Q8(boundary 3).
4. The method for evaluating the heat energy utilization efficiency of the temperature swing adsorption carbon capture technology according to claim 1, characterized in that reference calibration is performed, and an experimental method is formed by relying on an actual test system on the basis of reference establishment, boundary establishment and clear calculation method, so that the existing carbon capture unit system is placed in a test environment with constant temperature and humidity, and the influence of environmental factors on the test result is reduced to the minimum;
the method comprises the steps of arranging measuring points on each device in the carbon capture system, installing the positions of the measuring points in parameters to be measured, acquiring data to obtain data of the required parameters, and completing benchmark analysis through a general calculation formula of parameters of the benchmarks.
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| CN113051764A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-06-29 | 天津大学 | Thermodynamic evaluation frame for establishing carbon capture competitive adsorption of wet gas source and calculation method |
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