CN111556549A - WSNs routing method for power distribution network combining membrane calculation and ant colony algorithm - Google Patents
WSNs routing method for power distribution network combining membrane calculation and ant colony algorithm Download PDFInfo
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- H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
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Abstract
The invention discloses a WSNs routing method for a power distribution network, which integrates membrane calculation and improves an ant colony algorithm. The method improves the traditional ant colony algorithm and introduces membrane calculation to optimize the algorithm. By introducing dynamic compensation factors into the state transfer function, the phenomenon that the algorithm is prematurely stopped due to overhigh pheromones is avoided; the parallel capability of the intra-membrane operation and the inter-membrane operation is calculated by utilizing the membranes, and the introduced optimal path measurement formula is combined to perform multi-path parallel search to obtain the optimal path, so that the local and global convergence capability of the algorithm is improved; by defining a route repair mechanism, the algorithm avoids route holes. The method avoids the searching complexity, accelerates the searching speed, obviously enhances the reliable routing of the data, realizes the energy-saving requirement and prolongs the service life of the network.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of data transmission in intelligent power distribution networks (WSNs), in particular to a data routing method integrating film calculation and ant colony algorithm.
Background
As the country proposed the concept of "smart grid," the national grid began to shift from the traditional grid to the smart grid. The intelligent power grid has the advantages that the power grid can be subjected to online detection through intelligent equipment, so that the safety and the stability of the power grid are greatly enhanced, the wireless sensor network can conveniently and quickly collect the information and the operation data of the power distribution gateway equipment to realize real-time monitoring, and the wireless sensor network has obvious advantages when being introduced into the intelligent power distribution network. But since a wireless sensor network consists of a large number of sensors, the energy of its nodes depends on its limited stored energy, once installed deployed in a power distribution network, it will not change any more, and recharging will be more cumbersome when the energy is exhausted. Some routing methods for prolonging the service life of the WSNs network are proposed. The existing routing method for data transmission is easy to trap in local optimal searching of routing paths, and the searching mode is complex, so that energy consumption of sensor nodes in the power distribution network is excessive, routing holes are easy to cause, data acquisition and transmission efficiency in the intelligent power distribution network is reduced, and the effect is not ideal.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a routing method for a power distribution network WSNs combining film calculation and ant colony algorithm to perform data transmission in a smart power distribution network. On the basis of reducing the node energy consumption and the data transmission reliability, the node energy consumption in the network is balanced, the operation and maintenance cost is reduced, and the service life of the network is prolonged.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a WSNs routing method for a power distribution network combining membrane calculation and ant colony algorithm is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: initializing initial node energy E in a network0Initial pheromone concentration τij(t), distance between nodes dijAnd environmental information;
Step 2: the membrane structure in the initialization membrane calculation is [ 2 ]1[2]2[3]3[4]4]1The membrane 1 is a main membrane; membranes 2,3,4 are submembranes;
and step 3: before the algorithm starts iteration, n ants are placed at an initial node in each sub-membrane for preparing routing path selection;
and 4, step 4: after the preparation work is finished, ants on the initial nodes in each sub-membrane according to the probabilitySelecting the next hop node to construct the path according to the probabilityAnd the dynamic compensation factor m (i, j) is designed according to the formulas (1) and (2). The dynamic compensation factor is introduced to prevent the search from falling into a local optimal solution due to the fact that the pheromone content is considered to be excessive when the next-hop node is selected. And simultaneously recording the node energy information passed by the ants, and thus, searching the path according to the flow.
In the formulae (1) and (2), τij(t) denotes the pheromone concentration between nodes i, j, ηij(t) represents a distance dijReciprocal of (a), lmaxAnd lminRepresents the longest path and the shortest path of all ants in the round, respectively,/(k)Indicating the length of the path taken by ant k.
And 5: when the ants in all the sub-membranes 2,3 and 4 complete the path search, a plurality of searched paths exist in each sub-membrane. The probability C is then measured in terms of the path according to the evolution rule of the membrane(r,t)The path in the respective filmAnd sequencing, and finally selecting the first five paths to be sent into the main film 1. Path metric probability C(r,t)Designing according to the formula (3):
in the formula (3), Eave(r, t) is the average energy of the nodes on one of the paths, and L (r, t) is the length of one of the paths.
The evolution rules in the daughter membranes are designed according to equations (4), (5), (6):
in the formulas (4), (5) and (6), taking the sub-membrane 2 as an example,represents a first path in the sub-film 2;representing the sorted path sequence; in1 denotes the feeding of the first five sequenced paths into the primary film 1; the evolution rules in other sub-membranes are similar as in sub-membrane 2.
Step 6: when the sub-films send the first 5 paths in the respective films into the main film 1, the optimal path is selected according to the formula (3), and pheromone is updated. The updating of the pheromone is designed according to the formulas (7) and (8):
in the formulae (7) and (8), HkThe hop count of the ant K search path is represented; ekRepresenting node energy; l iskRepresents the distance traveled by the ant k; q represents a constant coefficient; rho represents the pheromone volatilization coefficient on the path; tau ismaxRepresenting the pheromone maximum threshold.
And 7: and repeating the steps 4-6 until the algorithm ending condition is met.
And 8: and outputting the optimal path, and randomly sending the selected optimal path into one sub-film to be constructed once again so as to confirm whether the transmission requirement is met. The evolution rule of the main membrane 1 is designed according to the formula (9):
in the formula (9), the reaction mixture,indicating the optimal path, i ∈ (1, 15); inj indicates feeding the optimal path into the secondary film, j ∈ (2,3, 4).
And step 9: defining a path repairing mechanism, checking the state of nodes on a path at intervals, and replacing the nodes meeting the energy requirement if the nodes not meeting the requirement appear. D0 is used as the radius of the search circle region, and the nodes in the secondary circle region are used as candidate nodes. And connecting the circle center with the target node, and in order to prevent the selection of the node behind the replaced node, namely, the node far away from the target node, regulating the angle range between the connecting line of the circle center and the replacement node and the connecting line of the circle center and the target node to be limited within 60 degrees left and right of the connecting line of the circle center and the target node.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention combines the improved ant colony algorithm with the membrane calculation, and utilizes the characteristics of distributed and parallel calculation of the membrane calculation to simultaneously search the paths of ants in a plurality of sub-membranes. The path searching speed is accelerated while the ant searching precision is not influenced; and the paths searched out from each sub-membrane are selected with good quality and sent into the main membrane for optimal path selection by setting an inter-membrane evolution rule of membrane calculation, so that the situation that the paths are trapped in local optimal solutions is avoided. Therefore, the whole algorithm can reduce unnecessary energy loss in route searching, prolong the life cycle of the network, improve the efficiency and reliability of data transmission in the intelligent power distribution network and save the operation cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an algorithm workflow diagram of the algorithm of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the membrane structure and workflow for the algorithm of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the selection range of the path repair mechanism replacing nodes.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained below with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for routing WSNs in a smart distribution network by using an ant colony algorithm based on fusion membrane calculation includes the following steps:
step 1: initializing initial node energy E in a network0Initial pheromone concentration τij(t), distance between nodes dijAnd environmental information;
step 2: the membrane structure in the initialization membrane calculation is [ 2 ]1[2]2[3]3[4]4]1The membrane 1 is a main membrane; membranes 2,3,4 are submembranes;
and step 3: before the algorithm starts iteration, n ants are placed at an initial node in each sub-membrane for preparing routing path selection;
and 4, step 4: after the preparation work is finished, ants on the initial nodes in each sub-membrane according to the probabilitySelecting the next hop node to construct the path according to the probabilityAnd the dynamic compensation factor m (i, j) is according to the disclosureThe formulas (1) and (2) are designed. The dynamic compensation factor is introduced to prevent the search from falling into a local optimal solution due to the fact that the pheromone content is considered to be excessive when the next-hop node is selected. And simultaneously recording the node energy information passed by the ants, and thus, searching the path according to the flow.
In the formulae (1) and (2), τij(t) denotes the pheromone concentration between nodes i, j, ηij(t) represents a distance dijReciprocal of (a), lmaxAnd lminRepresents the longest path and the shortest path of all ants in the round, respectively,/(k)Indicating the length of the path taken by ant k.
And 5: as shown in fig. 2, after the ants in all the sub-films 2,3,4 complete the path search, there are multiple searched paths in each sub-film. The probability C is then measured in terms of the path according to the evolution rule of the membrane(r,t)And sequencing the paths in the respective membranes, and finally selecting the first five paths to be sent into the main membrane 1. Path metric probability C(r,t)Designing according to the formula (3):
in the formula (3), Eave(r, t) is the average energy of the nodes on one of the paths, and L (r, t) is the length of one of the paths.
The evolution rules in the daughter membranes are designed according to equations (4), (5), (6):
in the formulas (4), (5) and (6), taking the sub-membrane 2 as an example,represents a first path in the sub-film 2;representing the sorted path sequence; in1 denotes the feeding of the first five sequenced paths into the primary film 1; the evolution rules in other sub-membranes are similar as in sub-membrane 2.
Step 6: when the sub-films send the first 5 paths in the respective films into the main film 1, the optimal path is selected according to the formula (3), and pheromone is updated. The updating of the pheromone is designed according to the formulas (7) and (8):
in the formulae (7) and (8), HkThe hop count of the ant K search path is represented; ekRepresenting node energy; l iskRepresents the distance traveled by the ant k; q represents a constant coefficient; rho represents the pheromone volatilization coefficient on the path; tau ismaxRepresenting the pheromone maximum threshold.
And 7: and repeating the steps 4-6 until the algorithm ending condition is met.
And 8: as shown in fig. 2, the optimal path is outputted, and the selected optimal path is randomly sent to a sub-film to be constructed again to confirm whether the transmission requirement is satisfied. The evolution rule of the main membrane 1 is designed according to the formula (9):
in the formula (9), the reaction mixture,indicating the optimal path, i ∈ (1, 15); inj indicates feeding the optimal path into the secondary film, j ∈ (2,3, 4).
And step 9: as shown in fig. 3, a path repair mechanism is defined, the state of nodes on a path is checked at intervals, and if nodes which do not meet requirements appear, the nodes which meet the energy requirements are replaced. D0 is used as the radius of the search circle region, and the nodes in the secondary circle region are used as candidate nodes. And connecting the circle center with the target node, and in order to prevent the selection of the node behind the replaced node, namely, the node far away from the target node, regulating the angle range between the connecting line of the circle center and the replacement node and the connecting line of the circle center and the target node to be limited within 60 degrees left and right of the connecting line of the circle center and the target node.
The whole method can balance the energy consumption of the nodes in the network, so that the reliability of data transmission of the WSNs of the intelligent power distribution network is ensured.
Claims (1)
1. A WSNs routing method for a power distribution network combining membrane calculation and ant colony algorithm is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: initializing initial node energy E in a network0Initial pheromone concentration τij(t), distance between nodes dijAnd environmental information;
step 2: the membrane structure in the initialization membrane calculation is [ 2 ]1[2]2[3]3[4]4]1The membrane 1 is a main membrane; membranes 2,3,4 are submembranes;
and step 3: before the algorithm starts iteration, n ants are placed at an initial node in each sub-membrane for preparing routing path selection;
and 4, step 4: after the preparation work is finished, ants on the initial nodes in each sub-membrane according to the probabilitySelecting the next hop node to construct the path according to the probabilityAnd the dynamic compensation factor m (i, j) is designed according to the formulas (1) and (2). The dynamic compensation factor is introduced to prevent the search from falling into a local optimal solution due to the fact that the pheromone content is considered to be excessive when the next-hop node is selected. And simultaneously recording the node energy information passed by the ants, and thus, searching the path according to the flow.
In the formulae (1) and (2), τij(t) denotes the pheromone concentration between nodes i, j, ηij(t) represents a distance dijReciprocal of (a), lmaxAnd lminRepresents the longest path and the shortest path of all ants in the round, respectively,/(k)Indicating the length of the path taken by ant k.
And 5: when the ants in all the sub-membranes 2,3 and 4 complete the path search, a plurality of searched paths exist in each sub-membrane. The probability C is then measured in terms of the path according to the evolution rule of the membrane(r,t)And sequencing the paths in the respective membranes, and finally selecting the first five paths to be sent into the main membrane 1. Path metric probability C(r,t)Designing according to the formula (3):
in the formula (3), Eave(r, t) is the average energy of the nodes on one of the paths, and L (r, t) is the length of one of the paths.
The evolution rules in the daughter membranes are designed according to equations (4), (5), (6):
in the formulas (4), (5) and (6), taking the sub-membrane 2 as an example,represents a first path in the sub-film 2;representing the sorted path sequence; in1 denotes the feeding of the first five sequenced paths into the primary film 1; the evolution rules in other sub-membranes are similar as in sub-membrane 2.
Step 6: when the sub-films send the first 5 paths in the respective films into the main film 1, the optimal path is selected according to the formula (3), and pheromone is updated. The updating of the pheromone is designed according to the formulas (7) and (8):
in the formulas (7) and (8), slicekThe hop count of the ant K search path is represented; ekRepresenting node energy; l iskRepresents the distance traveled by the ant k; q represents a constant coefficient; rho represents the pheromone volatilization coefficient on the path; tau ismaxRepresenting the pheromone maximum threshold.
And 7: and repeating the steps 4-6 until the algorithm ending condition is met.
And 8: and outputting the optimal path, and randomly sending the selected optimal path into one sub-film to be constructed once again so as to confirm whether the transmission requirement is met. The evolution rule of the main membrane 1 is designed according to the formula (9):
in the formula (9), the reaction mixture,indicating the optimal path, i ∈ (1, 15); inj indicates feeding the optimal path into the secondary film, j ∈ (2,3, 4).
And step 9: defining a path repairing mechanism, checking the state of nodes on a path at intervals, and replacing the nodes meeting the energy requirement if the nodes not meeting the requirement appear. D0 is used as the radius of the search circle region, and the nodes in the secondary circle region are used as candidate nodes. And connecting the circle center with the target node, and in order to prevent the selection of the node behind the replaced node, namely, the node far away from the target node, regulating the angle range between the connecting line of the circle center and the replacement node and the connecting line of the circle center and the target node to be limited within 60 degrees left and right of the connecting line of the circle center and the target node.
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