CN111554555A - Pulse type space electron beam generation system - Google Patents
Pulse type space electron beam generation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111554555A CN111554555A CN202010550170.2A CN202010550170A CN111554555A CN 111554555 A CN111554555 A CN 111554555A CN 202010550170 A CN202010550170 A CN 202010550170A CN 111554555 A CN111554555 A CN 111554555A
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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Abstract
The invention provides a pulse type space electron beam generating system, which belongs to the technical field of power electronics, and comprises a high-voltage large-current pulse modulator, a transition section, a vacuum cavity, an electron emitter, an output window and the like, wherein the system only consumes electric energy and can be repeatedly used for a long time, the generated electron beam can be transmitted in vacuum or atmosphere, the problems of narrow application range, limited application range and the like of the current pulse type electron beam device are solved, and the pulse type space electron beam generating system has the advantages of high cost-efficiency ratio, short action time, small influence on a treated object, environmental friendliness, no harm to a human body and the like, and can be widely applied to the aspects of surface treatment, biological medicine, sterilization and deinsectization, substance modification, soil improvement, microorganism inactivation, irradiation disinfection and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a pulse type space electron beam generating system, which belongs to the technical field of power electronics, in particular to a miniaturized high-voltage large-current pulse modulator, and the application range comprises but is not limited to: high voltage pulse generation, microwave generation, X-ray generation, biomedicine, material treatment, environmental protection treatment, environmental management, facility agriculture and other fields.
Background
An electron beam is a cluster of electrons released from an excited substance under excitation by a strong field. The electron beam has certain energy and resonant frequency, and also has the characteristics of high internal field intensity, good electrical conductivity, good thermal conductivity, macroscopic mechanical stress and the like. Pulse typeThe electron beam, which is a beam of energy compressed, is in a very short time, usually in the order of nanoseconds or microseconds (1 nanosecond = 10)-9Second, 1 microsecond =10-6Second), the electron beam is emitted. The pulse type electron beam has the advantages of high acting speed, extremely low radiation and no environmental pollution, and has the advantages of high instantaneous energy, short acting time, high treatment efficiency, small temperature rise of the treated object, no deformation of the treated object, no change of the body property of the treated object, no damage to the original property of the treated object and the like.
In typical application fields, such as sterilization and inactivation, the current technical treatment means are mainly as follows: high temperature methods, chemical agent methods, and radiation irradiation methods. The high temperature method, as its name implies, is to raise the temperature of the treated material to achieve sterilization and inactivation. The high temperature method is characterized by simplicity, but the disadvantages are also quite evident, including: the treatment period is long, the original properties of the body are easy to change, and the cost-effectiveness ratio is low. Although the chemical agent has the characteristics of low cost, small application limitation, strong penetrating power and the like, the chemical agent has serious environmental pollution and is very easy to destroy the balance state of a treated object, and particularly when the chemical agent is applied to the agricultural field, the microbial community structure of soil is obviously changed, active enzyme components are reduced, and the sustainable production capacity of the soil is destroyed. The radiation irradiation method is a method which is generated by radioactive elements with specific energy and utilizes radioactive rays to achieve the purpose of sterilization and inactivation. Common radioactive sources are cobalt-60 and cesium-137, and germicidal inactivation is accomplished by the generation of gamma rays. The radiation method can destroy the genetic factor of bacteria and the physiological activity of harmful flora and microbe completely, but can eliminate almost any flora in high dosage. In practical application, the ray irradiation method has the problems of strong professional, high technical requirement, high safety protection requirement, high treatment and storage requirements of a radioactive source, difficult irradiation dose control and the like. Therefore, the method can make up for the defects of the method by using the electron beam for sterilization and inactivation treatment, and realizes economy, high efficiency, greenness and environmental protection.
Currently, devices capable of generating electron beams are mainly classified into two types: one is a long-time small-current (minute-level, ampere-level) device, and the other is a short-time large-current (microsecond-level, hundred-ampere-level or more) device. The long-time low-current device is mainly applied to the engineering field, such as welding, cutting, machining and the like. The short-time large-current device is still in a research stage at present and is mainly applied to the advanced high and new technology fields including new material technology, high-energy microwave technology, high-energy physics, nuclear physics and the like. Pulsed electron beam generating device belongs to short time heavy current device, generally works in vacuum closed cavity, and the main application includes: metal and nonmetal surface treatment, material surface and internal modification, however, the two electron beam devices have the problems of narrow application range, limited application range and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up for the defects of the prior processing technology and method and solve the problems of narrow application range, limited application range and the like of the current pulse type electron beam device, the invention provides a pulse type space electron beam generating system.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a pulsed spatial electron beam generation system comprising a high voltage high current pulse modulator, a transition section, a vacuum chamber, an electron emitter, and an output window, wherein: the high-voltage large-current pulse modulator is used for generating electric pulses of kilovolt-level voltage and kiloampere-level current; the transition section is used for connecting the high-voltage high-current pulse modulator and the electron emitter and transmitting electric pulses to the electron emitter; the vacuum cavity is a metal cavity for accommodating an electron emitter; the electron emitter is one of a needle-shaped structure, a filiform structure or a strip-shaped structure, and the tip of the electron emitter forms local plasma under the action of a strong field and generates electron beams; the output window is arranged at the outlet of the vacuum cavity and is an isolation interface of a vacuum environment and an atmospheric environment.
Preferably, the high-voltage large-current pulse modulator is a TESLA type high-voltage large-current pulse modulator which adopts a rotational axis symmetric structure and internally integrates a TESLA type pulse transformer and a pulse forming line.
Preferably, the needle structure of the electron emitter includes a metal plate and a multi-needle structure disposed on the metal plate.
Preferably, the output window is one of a metal foil, an alloy foil or a non-metal foil.
Preferably, the transition section is made of metal and comprises a straight cylinder structure and/or a bent cylinder structure, and the cross section of the transition section is one of a circle, a rectangle or a trapezoid.
Preferably, the vacuum pump set is communicated with the vacuum cavity and used for generating a vacuum environment in the vacuum cavity.
Preferably, the system further comprises a system controller connected with the high-voltage large-current pulse modulator and the vacuum pump set, and the system controller is used for controlling the high-voltage large-current pulse modulator and the vacuum pump set to work.
Preferably, the high-voltage large-current pulse modulator comprises a laser trigger channel, a main switch, a switch insulation support body, a transformer primary side, a transformer secondary side, a pulse forming line outer cylinder, a pulse forming line inner cylinder, a transformer power supply end, an inner cylinder support body and a packaging shell, wherein: the laser trigger channel is arranged at one end of the packaging shell and is used for butting the accurate trigger unit; the main switch is arranged in the packaging shell and positioned on one side close to the laser trigger channel, one end of the main switch is connected with the built-in transformer, the other end of the main switch is connected with a high-voltage large-current pulse output port, and the main switch is controlled by the accurate trigger unit to realize instantaneous discharge of the transformer; the switch insulating support is used for supporting the main switch and isolating the main switch from the pulse forming line; the primary side of the transformer is a multi-turn winding metal belt and is arranged at the middle side position inside the packaging shell; the secondary side of the transformer is of a conical structure formed by densely winding thin metal wires and is arranged inside the primary side of the transformer; the pulse forming line outer cylinder is a metal cylinder, the outer wall of the metal cylinder is connected with the secondary side of the transformer, one end of the metal cylinder is connected with an electrode of the main switch, and the other end of the metal cylinder is provided with an opening; the pulse forming line inner cylinder is of a cylindrical or columnar structure and is coaxially arranged inside the pulse forming line outer cylinder through an inner cylinder support body; one end of the transformer power supply end is connected with an external power supply, and the other end of the transformer power supply end is connected with a transformer.
Preferably, the precise trigger unit is a small controllable laser, the small controllable laser is used for generating laser with controllable time and controllable intensity, the laser is focused inside the main switch through a laser trigger channel, and the main switch is controlled to be conducted through ionized gas.
Preferably, the transformer further comprises an energy storage unit, the energy storage unit is composed of an energy storage switch and an energy storage device, and through control of the energy storage switch, the energy storage device stores electric energy in the energy storage device on one hand and releases the electric energy in the energy storage device to the transformer on the other hand.
The pulse type space electron beam generation system provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the generating system only consumes electric energy, can be repeatedly used for a long time and has high cost-efficiency ratio; the action time is short, and the influence on the treated object is small; the environment is friendly, green and environment-friendly, and has no harm to human body. The invention is not only beneficial to partial pesticide substitution in the agricultural field, really realizes green environmental protection, but also beneficial to the rapid recycling of medical treatment wastes in the medical industry. In addition, the invention is beneficial to upgrading and reconstruction of high value-added industries and products, and quality improvement and synergy, such as insect killing and sterilization treatment in early production links of tobacco, tea, seeds and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the internal principles of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a first schematic diagram of an electron emitter according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a second schematic diagram of an electron emitter according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a high voltage high current pulse modulator according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a table of parameters for a pulsed-second electron beam processing system;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the transmission distance and the energy distribution of an electron beam in the atmosphere according to the present invention.
In the figure, 1-a high-voltage large-current pulse modulator, 101-a laser trigger channel, 102-a main switch, 103-a switch insulation support body, 104-a transformer primary side, 105-a transformer secondary side, 106-a pulse forming line outer cylinder, 107-a pulse forming line inner cylinder, 108-a transformer power supply end, 109-an inner cylinder support body, 1010-a packaging shell, 2-a transition section, 3-a vacuum cavity, 4-an electronic emitter, 5-an output window, 6-a vacuum pump set and 7-a system controller.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. The terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
The invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
example one
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the pulsed spatial electron beam generation system is characterized by comprising a high-voltage high-current pulse modulator 1, a transition section 2, a vacuum chamber 3, an electron emitter 4, an output window 5, a vacuum pump group 6 and a system controller 7.
In the figure, a high-voltage large-current pulse modulator 1 converts second-level and volt-level electric energy into nanosecond-level and hundred kilovolt-level electric pulses to be sent into a transition section 2 after energy storage and time compression. In this embodiment, the high-voltage large-current pulse modulator 1 is a TESLA high-voltage large-current pulse modulator, which adopts a rotational axis symmetric structure and internally integrates a TESLA pulse transformer and a pulse forming line.
In the figure, the transition section 2 is used for connecting the high-voltage high-current pulse modulator 1 and the electron emitter 4 and for transmitting an electric pulse to the electron emitter 4, and specifically, the transition section 2 has the main function of normally, continuously and stably transmitting the high-voltage high-current electric pulse to the electron emitter without problems such as internal high-voltage breakdown, local strong-field breakdown and pulse waveform distortion. The outer shell of the transition section is generally grounded and the inner conductor is arranged inside the transition section 2.
During specific implementation, one end of the transition section 2 is hermetically connected with the high-voltage large-current pulse modulator 1 through a flange and a bolt, and the other end of the transition section 2 is hermetically connected with the vacuum cavity 3 through a flange and a bolt.
It should be noted that the transition section 2 is made of metal and includes a straight cylinder structure and/or a bent cylinder structure, and the cross section of the transition section 2 is one of a circle, a rectangle or a trapezoid. In this embodiment, the transition section 2 is in the shape of a curved cylinder.
In the figure, the vacuum chamber 3 is a metal chamber for accommodating the electron emitter 4, one side of the vacuum chamber 3 is connected to a vacuum pump unit 6 through a pipe, and the vacuum pump unit 6 is used for generating a vacuum environment in the vacuum chamber 3.
It should be noted that the electron emitter 4 is one of a needle-like, wire-like or stripe-like structure, and the tip of the electron emitter 4 forms a local plasma under the action of the strong field and generates an electron beam.
In the figure, the output window 5 is provided at the outlet of the vacuum chamber 3 and is an isolation interface between the vacuum environment and the atmospheric environment. Specifically, the output window 5 is one of a metal foil, an alloy foil or a non-metal foil, in this embodiment, the output window 5 is an aluminum-magnesium alloy foil, and the edge of the output window 5 is disposed at the bottom opening of the vacuum chamber 3 in a manner of being pressed by a sealing ring, so as to ensure that the electron beam smoothly enters the atmosphere.
In this embodiment, the system controller 7 is composed of an integrated circuit, and includes a main power supply, a charging circuit, a trigger circuit, a real-time monitoring circuit, a logic management bus, a display circuit, a remote control circuit, and the like. The system controller 7 is interconnected and communicated with the TESLA type high-voltage large-current pulse modulator, the vacuum cavity and the vacuum pump set, and the functions of time sequence triggering, state monitoring, energy supplement, logic management, emergency management, fault detection and the like of the whole system are completed.
Example two
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the needle structure of the electron emitter 4 includes a metal plate and a multi-needle structure disposed on the metal plate, and the tip of the electron emitter 4 forms a local plasma and generates an electron beam under the action of a strong field.
EXAMPLE III
As shown in fig. 5, the TESLA-type high-voltage large-current pulse modulator includes a laser trigger channel 101, a main switch 102, a switch insulation support 103, a transformer primary side 104, a transformer secondary side 105, a pulse forming line outer cylinder 106, a pulse forming line inner cylinder 107, a transformer power supply terminal 108, an inner cylinder support 109, and a package housing 1010, wherein: the laser trigger channel 101 is arranged at one end of the packaging shell 1010 and is used for butting the accurate trigger unit; the main switch 102 is installed inside the packaging shell 1010 and located on one side close to the laser trigger channel 101, one end of the main switch 102 is connected with a built-in transformer, the other end of the main switch 102 is connected with a high-voltage large-current pulse output port, and the main switch 102 is controlled by the accurate trigger unit to realize transient discharge of the transformer; the switch insulation support 103 is used for supporting the main switch 102 and isolating the main switch 102 from the pulse forming line; the primary side 104 of the transformer is a multi-turn wound metal strip and is arranged at the middle position inside the packaging shell 1010; the secondary side 105 of the transformer is a conical structure formed by densely winding thin metal wires and is arranged inside the primary side 104 of the transformer; the pulse forming line outer cylinder 106 is a metal cylinder, the outer wall of the metal cylinder is connected with the secondary side 105 of the transformer, one end of the metal cylinder is connected with the electrode of the main switch 102, and the other end of the metal cylinder is opened; the pulse forming line inner cylinder 107 is of a cylindrical or columnar structure, and the pulse forming line inner cylinder 107 is coaxially arranged inside the pulse forming line outer cylinder 106 through an inner cylinder support body 109; one end of the transformer power supply terminal 108 is connected to an external power supply, and the other end of the transformer power supply terminal 8 is connected to a transformer.
Specifically, the precise trigger unit is a small controllable laser, the small controllable laser is used for generating laser with controllable time and controllable intensity, the laser is focused inside the main switch 102 through the laser trigger channel 101, and the main switch 102 is controlled to be conducted through ionized gas.
The energy storage unit is composed of an energy storage switch and an energy storage device, and the energy storage device stores electric energy in the energy storage device on one hand and releases the electric energy in the energy storage device to the transformer on the other hand through the control of the energy storage switch.
In this embodiment, the system controller 7 is configured to control charging or discharging of the energy storage unit, and on the other hand, control the precise trigger unit to start or stop;
the specific working principle is as follows: the TESLA type high-voltage large-current pulse modulator stores, compresses and converts low-voltage long-time electric energy to generate electric pulses with voltage of dozens to hundreds of kilovolts, current of thousands of amperes to dozens of thousands of amperes and duration nanosecond level, the electric pulses are transmitted to the electron emitter through the transition section, the electron emitter emits instantaneous high-energy electron beams under the excitation of a strong field, the electron beams enter the atmosphere through the output window and then irradiate an object to be processed, and a processing cycle is completed.
As shown in fig. 6, the technical parameters of the pulsed spatial electron beam generation system include: pulse voltage, pulse current, pulse width, repetition frequency, mode of operation, and useful life. The pulse voltage and the pulse current on the electron emitter can be measured separately using a capacitive voltage divider and a hall current coil. The pulse width can be read directly from the measurement of the pulse voltage on an oscilloscope. The repetition frequency refers to the time interval between two adjacent releases of the electron beam. Comprehensively considering factors such as volume, weight, energy consumption, cost and effect, the preferred technical parameters are that the pulse voltage: 100 kv to 300 kv, pulse current: 1 kiloamp to 10 kiloamps, pulse width: 2 ns to 10 ns, repetition frequency: 0 to 100 Hz, operating mode: burst, service life: greater than 108And (4) a pulse. Burst means release during one operating cycleA limited number of electron beams.
FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the transmission distance and the energy distribution of the electron beam generated by the pulsed spatial electron beam generation system in the atmosphere. By using a calorimeter, the transmission distance and energy distribution of the electron beam in the atmosphere can be obtained by measuring the relation between the energy of the electron beam released at a time and the distance from the calorimeter to an output window. The electron beam energy decays substantially linearly as the travel distance in the atmosphere increases, and the present invention is advantageous in that the electron beam energy still remains at 1.7 joules at a position 100 mm from the output window. In practical application, technical parameters can be flexibly set according to specific scenes and objects to be processed, and the operation flow is optimized, so that the optimal processing effect is achieved.
The calorimeter is a device that can convert the amount of absorbed energy from the change in temperature of the calorimeter.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A pulsed spatial electron beam generation system, comprising a high voltage high current pulse modulator (1), a transition section (2), a vacuum chamber (3), an electron emitter (4) and an output window (5), wherein:
the high-voltage high-current pulse modulator (1) is used for generating electric pulses of kilovolt level voltage and kiloampere level current;
the transition section (2) is used for connecting the high-voltage high-current pulse modulator (1) and the electron emitter (4) and transmitting an electric pulse to the electron emitter (4);
the vacuum cavity (3) is a metal cavity for accommodating the electron emitter (4);
the electron emitter (4) is in one of a needle-shaped structure, a wire-shaped structure or a strip-shaped structure, and under the action of a strong field, the tip of the electron emitter (4) forms local plasma and generates electron beams;
the output window (5) is arranged at the outlet of the vacuum cavity (3) and is an isolation interface of a vacuum environment and an atmospheric environment.
2. The pulsed spatial electron beam generation system of claim 1, wherein the high voltage high current pulse modulator (1) is a TESLA-type high voltage high current pulse modulator with a rotationally symmetric structure with a TESLA-type pulse transformer and a pulse forming line integrated inside.
3. A pulsed spatial electron beam generation system according to claim 1, wherein the needle-like structure of the electron emitter (4) comprises a flat metal plate and a multi-needle structure provided on the flat metal plate.
4. A pulsed spatial electron beam generation system according to claim 1, wherein the output window (5) is one of a metal foil, an alloy foil or a non-metal foil.
5. A pulsed spatial electron beam generation system according to claim 1, wherein the transition section (2) is of metal and comprises a straight and/or curved barrel structure, the cross-section of the transition section (2) being one of circular, rectangular or trapezoidal.
6. A pulsed spatial electron beam generation system according to claim 1, further comprising a vacuum pump group (6) communicating with the vacuum chamber (3), the vacuum pump group (6) being adapted to create a vacuum environment in the vacuum chamber (3).
7. A pulsed spatial electron beam generation system according to claim 6, further comprising a system controller (7) connecting the high voltage high current pulse modulator (1) and the vacuum pump set (6), the system controller (7) being configured to control the operation of the high voltage high current pulse modulator (1) and the vacuum pump set (6).
8. The pulsed spatial electron beam generation system of claim 1, wherein the high voltage large current pulse modulator (1) comprises a laser trigger channel (101), a main switch (102), a switch insulation support (103), a transformer primary side (104), a transformer secondary side (105), a pulse forming line outer cylinder (106), a pulse forming line inner cylinder (107), a transformer power supply terminal (108), an inner cylinder support (109), and an enclosure (1010), wherein:
the laser trigger channel (101) is arranged at one end of the packaging shell (1010) and is used for butting the accurate trigger unit;
the main switch (102) is arranged in the packaging shell (1010) and is positioned at one side close to the laser trigger channel (101), one end of the main switch (102) is connected with a built-in transformer, the other end of the main switch (102) is connected with a high-voltage large-current pulse output port, and the main switch (102) is controlled by the accurate trigger unit to realize instantaneous discharge of the transformer;
the switch insulation support body (103) is used for supporting the main switch (102) and isolating the main switch (102) from the pulse forming line;
the primary side (104) of the transformer is a multi-turn winding metal belt and is arranged at the middle side position inside the packaging shell (1010);
the secondary side (105) of the transformer is of a conical structure formed by densely-wound thin metal wires and is arranged inside the primary side (104) of the transformer;
the pulse forming line outer cylinder (106) is a metal cylinder, the outer wall of the metal cylinder is connected with a secondary side (105) of the transformer, one end of the metal cylinder is connected with an electrode of the main switch (102), and the other end of the metal cylinder is opened;
the pulse forming line inner cylinder (107) is of a cylindrical or cylindrical structure, and the pulse forming line inner cylinder (107) is coaxially arranged inside the pulse forming line outer cylinder (106) through an inner cylinder supporting body (109);
one end of the transformer power supply end (108) is connected with an external power supply, and the other end of the transformer power supply end (8) is connected with a transformer.
9. The pulsed spatial electron beam generation system of claim 8, wherein the precision firing unit is a small controllable laser for generating time controllable and intensity controllable laser light, which is focused inside the main switch (102) through the laser firing channel (101), and the main switch (102) is controlled to conduct by ionizing gas.
10. The pulsed spatial electron beam generation system of claim 9, further comprising an energy storage unit, wherein the energy storage unit is composed of an energy storage switch and an energy storage device, and the energy storage device stores electric energy in the energy storage device on one hand and releases the electric energy in the energy storage device to the transformer on the other hand through control of the energy storage switch.
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| CN202010550170.2A CN111554555A (en) | 2020-06-16 | 2020-06-16 | Pulse type space electron beam generation system |
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