CN111553110A - Monte Carlo simulation-based nuclear electromagnetic pulse current source term calculation method - Google Patents
Monte Carlo simulation-based nuclear electromagnetic pulse current source term calculation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nuclear electromagnetic pulse current source item calculation method based on Monte Carlo simulation, which is applicable to nuclear electromagnetic pulse current source item calculation under complex conditions of longer time scale, large space scale, various environments, non-uniform media and the like, and mainly comprises the following realization steps: 1. constructing a Monte Carlo particle transport three-dimensional geometric model according to an actual generation scene of the nuclear electromagnetic pulse; 2. setting the position, direction, energy spectrum and time spectrum parameters of a pulse gamma radiation source and a pulse neutron radiation source in the three-dimensional geometric model, and setting a recording point grid; 3. respectively applying a Monte Carlo method to simulate and track the transportation process of pulse gamma and pulse neutron in a three-dimensional geometric model; 4. acquiring the gamma fluence, the Prton electron generation rate and the Compton current density of any recording point in all gamma pair recording point grids; 5. and (4) repeatedly executing the step 4 to obtain the distribution condition of the nuclear electromagnetic pulse current source items of all the recording points.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear physics and electromagnetic pulse numerical simulation, and relates to a nuclear electromagnetic pulse current source item calculation method based on Monte Carlo simulation.
Background
High-energy rays in the nuclear radiation interact with media such as atmosphere and ground to form direct and scattered gamma and neutron secondary gamma, the gamma rays and the media generate Compton scattering to generate Compton electrons, and the Compton electrons move directionally to form Compton current (namely a current source term), so that nuclear electromagnetic pulses are excited. Because nuclear electromagnetic pulse is easy to cause electromagnetic interference and damage to electronic systems and power systems, various research institutions at home and abroad widely develop nuclear electromagnetic pulse numerical simulation technology research. Nuclear electromagnetic pulse environment simulation programs such as CHAP, CHEMP, EMPulse, MCHII, and MAEMPI. The numerical simulation program usually does not consider the actual transportation process of gamma rays in the atmosphere, assumes that a gamma source is an isotropic single-energy point source, adopts an analytical formula to approximately obtain direct gamma fluence and Compton current space distribution caused by the direct gamma fluence, and finally solves the Maxwell equation set according to the Compton current and the atmospheric conductivity to obtain the nuclear electromagnetic pulse.
The existing nuclear electromagnetic pulse Compton current source item calculation method has the main problems that:
firstly, the particle transport process is not considered, and the contribution of scattering gamma and neutron secondary gamma to a current source item is ignored, so that the calculation result of a longer time scale under the existing method is inaccurate;
secondly, the influence of typical energy spectrum distribution of a pulse gamma and pulse neutron source on Compton current is neglected;
thirdly, the influence of actual inhomogeneous media (such as inhomogeneous atmosphere of high-altitude scenes and various media of near-ground scenes) on the transport process of the pulse gamma and the pulse neutron is ignored. These problems make the prior art difficult to be applied to nuclear electromagnetic pulse environment calculation under practical complex conditions such as long time, large spatial scale, various environments, non-uniform medium and the like. For example, near-surface nuclear electromagnetic pulse studies have shown that electromagnetic pulses described by considering only prompt gammas decay very rapidly, with time scales much smaller than true levels, and the effects of scatter gammas and neutron secondary gammas must be considered. The existing American air force weapon laboratory can obtain scattering and neutron secondary gamma information by correcting a radiation source item by using a fitting formula, but the application range is limited. The Lorentslem national laboratory (LLNL) in the United states uses particle transport and electromagnetic field computational coupling to simulate an electromagnetic pulse environment (LLNL scientific report LLNL-JRNL-546911, "3D Effects in geographic EMP Computation", published 2012 by H.W.Kruger et al). However, only scattering gamma is considered in the radiation source term, neutron secondary gamma is not considered, and the coupled microscopic model cannot reflect the collective effect of a large number of electrons, so that the calculation error of the conductivity is large.
The method comprises the steps of simulating the transportation process of pulse neutrons and pulse gamma rays in the atmosphere by adopting a Monte Carlo method to give gamma radiation field parameters, and then calculating according to the gamma parameters by using a theoretical formula to obtain Compton current information, wherein the problem of low accuracy of Compton current calculation exists. In order to accurately calculate the electromagnetic pulse current source term, the energy-time-angle combined spectrum of gamma is theoretically required, and the calculation precision of the Monte Carlo simulation is too high and is generally difficult to achieve in the simulation calculation. Even if the angle spectrum is ignored, only the energy-time combination spectrum of gamma is needed, so that the problems of low convergence speed, large relative error and the like exist in the calculation result of the Monte Carlo method, and the problems that the number of particles is simply increased and the calculation time is prolonged cannot be effectively solved.
Therefore, a person in the art needs to develop a method for calculating a high-efficiency and high-precision nuclear electromagnetic pulse current source term, which can simultaneously consider compton electrons generated by a plurality of gamma rays including direct gamma, scattering gamma and neutron secondary gamma, and is suitable for complex conditions such as long time, large spatial scale, non-uniform medium and the like, so as to provide current source term parameters for nuclear electromagnetic pulse numerical simulation calculation of an actual scene.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a nuclear electromagnetic pulse current source item calculation method based on Monte Carlo simulation, and Compton electronic parameters generated by various gamma rays including direct gamma, scattering gamma and neutron secondary gamma can be obtained by using the method, so that the Compton current source item is obtained.
The method provided by the invention considers the actual scene characteristics neglected in the prior art, such as a radiation source energy spectrum, a non-uniform medium, a scene geometric structure, various gamma sources and the like of a nuclear electromagnetic pulse generation scene, and simultaneously gives the Compton electronic parameters in the gamma fluence statistical record, so that the obtained Compton current source parameter is more comprehensive and accurate.
The specific technical solution of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a nuclear electromagnetic pulse current source item calculation method based on Monte Carlo simulation, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: according to an actual generation scene of the nuclear electromagnetic pulse, constructing a Monte Carlo particle transport three-dimensional geometric model, wherein the three-dimensional geometric model comprises various environment elements forming the actual scene, the shape, the size, the position and the density of each environment element, chemical components of each environment element and the proportion of each chemical component in the environment elements; environmental elements described herein include the atmosphere, soil, buildings, and the like;
step 2: setting the position, direction, energy spectrum and time spectrum parameters of a pulse gamma radiation source and a pulse neutron radiation source in the three-dimensional geometric model, and setting a recording point grid;
and step 3: simulating the transport process of tracking pulse gamma and pulse neutron respectively in a three-dimensional geometric model by using a Monte Carlo method, thereby obtaining the position, direction, energy and time information of direct gamma, scattering gamma and neutron secondary gamma; the transport process of the pulse gamma radiation source and the pulse neutron radiation source in the three-dimensional geometric model by applying the Monte Carlo method described in the step is actually all flight processes of particles such as the energy, the flight direction, whether the particles act with a substance or not, the acting position, the energy and the flight direction of the particles after the action and the like obtained by sampling according to a statistical distribution rule;
and 4, step 4: according to the position, direction, energy and time information of the direct gamma, the scattering gamma and the neutron secondary gamma obtained in the step 3, counting the gamma fluence of any one recording point in all gamma pair recording point grids by using a pointing probability method;
and 5: in the gamma fluence obtained in the step 4, the Compton electron generation rate of any one recording point in the grid of all gamma pair recording points is obtained by utilizing the Compton scattering theory statistics;
step 6: then, obtaining the Compton current density formed at any recording point in all gamma pair recording point grids by using a Klein-Nishina theoretical formula, wherein the initial Compton current density is the nuclear electromagnetic pulse current source term of the recording point;
and 7: and repeating the steps 4-6 to obtain the distribution of the nuclear electromagnetic pulse current source items of all the recording points in the recording point grid.
Further, in the step 4, a concrete solving formula for counting the gamma fluence of any recording point in the recording point grid by using a pointing probability method is as follows:
wherein phi isγFor the gamma fluence at the recording point, i represents the ith gamma particle, n is the total number of gamma particles, FγiThe contribution of the ith gamma particle to the gamma fluence at the recording point, wiIs the weight of the ith gamma particle, RiDistance of ith gamma particle to recording point, omegaiFor the solid angle, p, in which the ith gamma particle points in the direction of the position of the recording pointi(Ωi) The probability that the ith gamma particle points to a unit solid angle in the direction of the recording point position,
probability of the ith gamma particle arriving at the recording point without collision, λtiThe mean free path number from the gamma particle to the recording point.
Further, the above step 5 obtains the specific solving formula of the compton electron generation rate of any one recording point in the recording point grid by all gamma pairs by utilizing the compton scattering theory statistics, and the concrete solving formula is as follows:
wherein G iseTo record Compton electron production rate at a spot, FeiAs the contribution of the ith gamma particle to the compton electron generation rate,
is the probability of Compton scattering of the ith gamma particle from the medium through a unit length, whereci(Eγi) Mean free path for Compton scattering, EγiIs the energy of the ith gamma particle.
The compton scattering cross section and angular distribution obey the Klein-Nishina theoretical formula. According to the Klein-Nishina formula, the higher the gamma ray energy exciting the nuclear electromagnetic pulse, the more pronounced the Compton electron forward of the generated recoil. According to the probability theory rule, the Compton electron direction is taken as the incident gamma ray direction, and the Compton electron energy is taken as the average energy. The direction of the initial Compton current formed by the Compton electrons is also taken as the direction of the incident gamma ray, and the magnitude of the initial Compton current is the average of the magnitudes of the Compton currents in the direction. Further, the specific calculation formula of the compton current density formed at any recording point in the grid of all gamma pair recording points in the above step 6 is as follows:
wherein, JeTo record Compton electron production rate at a spot, FjiIs the contribution of the ith gamma particle to the Compton current density, wherein
The average velocity of compton electrons in the incident gamma direction for the ith gamma particle.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention establishes a three-dimensional geometric model of nuclear electromagnetic pulse radiation source particles based on a Monte Carlo method, simulates the transportation process of the source particles in the model, and further provides a novel nuclear electromagnetic pulse current source item calculation method, which simultaneously considers the influence of direct gamma, scattering gamma, neutron secondary gamma and energy time information thereof on nuclear electromagnetic pulse current source items. Compared with the analytic approximation algorithm in the prior art, the method is more comprehensive and accurate in consideration, breaks through the limitation of many ideal assumptions in the prior art, and is suitable for electromagnetic pulse current source item calculation under complex conditions of longer time scale (up to ms magnitude), large space scale, various environments, non-uniform media and the like.
2. The method utilizes the Compton scattering theory to carry out statistics to obtain the initial Compton electronic information in the Monte Carlo simulation counting process. The position, time, energy and direction of each emergent gamma particle all contribute to the Compton electronic information counting generated at the recording point, so that the Compton electronic information obtained by counting has small relative error and high calculation precision, and the problems of low convergence speed, large relative error and the like existing in the process of directly calculating the gamma energy time angle combination spectrum are solved. Meanwhile, statistics of the energy spectrum and the time spectrum of gamma at a recording point can be omitted, the calculation time is saved, and the calculation efficiency is improved.
3. The method can be used for calculating the nuclear electromagnetic pulse current source items in various complex scenes such as near-ground nuclear electromagnetic pulses, high-altitude nuclear electromagnetic pulses and the like, and provides an effective acquisition method for numerical simulation of the nuclear electromagnetic pulses in practical scenes.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of the method of the present embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a three-dimensional geometric model of particle transport in a high-altitude explosion scene provided by the embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the gamma fluence at a recording point at a height of 40km in the present embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing Compton electron generation rate at a recording spot at a height of 40km in the present embodiment;
fig. 5 is a graph of the initial compton current source term for the recorded point at 40km height in this example.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a nuclear electromagnetic pulse current source item calculation method based on Monte Carlo simulation, which has the following basic design thought: firstly, a radiation particle transport geometric model is constructed according to an actual scene, then corresponding pulse gamma source and pulse neutron source data are selected, then Monte Carlo transport simulation of pulse gamma and pulse neutron is carried out respectively, the position, direction, energy and time information of direct gamma, scattering gamma and neutron secondary gamma are obtained respectively, the Compton electron generation rate caused by gamma is calculated during statistical counting, and further a nuclear electromagnetic pulse current source item is obtained.
The invention provides a specific embodiment of the method, the scene of the embodiment is a high-altitude explosion scene, the height of the center of explosion is 80km, the explosion power is normalized to 1t TNT, and the result to be obtained is a nuclear electromagnetic pulse current source item 20-40 km just below the center of explosion.
The specific implementation links of this embodiment are described as follows, as shown in fig. 1:
(1) a Monte Carlo particle transport three-dimensional geometric model is established according to a high-altitude explosion scene, as shown in figure 2, environment elements of the three-dimensional geometric model comprise layered non-uniform atmosphere and soil in a round cake shape, and the non-uniform atmosphere is equivalent to multi-layer atmosphere with different thicknesses and densities. According to the characteristics of the atmospheric density and the calculation accuracy, dividing the atmosphere with the height of 0-50 km into 50 layers, wherein the thickness of each layer is 1km, and dividing the atmosphere with the height of 50-110 km into 6 layers, and wherein the thickness of each layer is 10 km. The atmospheric density of each layer is taken according to the standard atmospheric mode density. And 5km below the ground level is a soil layer.
(2) The pulsed gamma radiation source and the pulsed neutron radiation source are arranged in the three-dimensional geometric model as isotropic point sources located at the center of explosion, and can also be arranged as spherical sources with certain geometric shapes and angle distribution according to the requirement, but not limited to this. Selecting time spectrum and energy spectrum data (published 'high altitude nuclear explosion effect parameter manual' in Beijing atomic energy publishing Co., 2009, by Wangjian nations and the like) of a typical pulse gamma radiation source and a typical pulse neutron radiation source, and setting recording point grids, wherein the recording point grids are positioned 20-40 km right below the explosion center, one every 2km, and 11 in total;
(3) simulating the transportation process of the pulse gamma rays in the non-uniform atmosphere by adopting a Monte Carlo method to obtain the position, direction, energy and time information of the direct gamma rays and the scattering gamma rays;
(4) and simulating the transportation process of the pulse neutron rays in the non-uniform atmosphere by adopting a Monte Carlo method to obtain the position, direction, energy and time information of the secondary gamma rays of the neutrons.
(5) Using a directional probability method to count the gamma fluence at any recording point in all gamma pair recording point grids, and giving a gamma fluence curve chart of the recording point at the height of 40km in fig. 3; the gamma fluence graph includes a fluence curve for direct gamma versus scattered gamma, a neutron secondary gamma fluence curve, and a curve of the sum of the total gamma fluences.
(6) And (5) repeating the step (5) to obtain the gamma fluence at 11 recording points which are 20-40 km just below the center of burst.
(7) Utilizing the Compton scattering theory to count in the gamma fluence obtained in the step (6) to obtain the Compton electron generation rate of any recording point in the grid of all gamma pairs of recording points; FIG. 4 shows a graph of the gamma-induced Compton electron production rate for a recording spot at 40km height; the gamma fluence graph includes a compton electron generation rate curve due to direct gamma and scattered gamma, a compton electron generation rate curve due to neutron secondary gamma, and a total compton electron generation rate sum curve.
(8) And (5) repeating the step (7) to obtain the gamma Compton electron generation rate of 11 recording points which are 20-40 km just below the explosive center.
(9) Then, obtaining the Compton current density formed at any recording point in all gamma pair recording point grids by using a Klein-Nishina theoretical formula, and giving an initial Compton current density curve diagram caused by the gamma of the recording point at the height of 40km in a graph in a figure 5; the gamma fluence graph includes a compton current density curve due to direct gamma and scattered gamma, a compton current density curve due to neutron secondary gamma, and a total compton current density sum curve.
(10) And (5) repeating the step (9) to obtain the distribution of the Compton current density caused by gamma rays at 11 recording points which are 20-40 km just below the center of the detonation, wherein the distribution of the Compton current density can be used as a finally required nuclear electromagnetic pulse current source item.
The nuclear electromagnetic pulse current source term obtained by the method is beneficial to accurate calculation of nuclear electromagnetic pulses. Compared with the existing method, the calculation method provided by the invention considers a plurality of factors such as the actual particle transportation process, the energy spectrum distribution of the radiation source particles, the Compton electron energy and time information, the influence of the scattering gamma and the secondary gamma, the atmosphere non-uniform structure and the like, avoids excessive artificial assumption, enables the calculation result to be more accurate, and the time scale for calculating the nuclear electromagnetic pulse Compton current source item can reach the ms magnitude.
The method for calculating the compton current source term of the nuclear electromagnetic pulse based on the monte carlo simulation is not limited to the above specific embodiment. Other embodiments obtained by the technical solutions of the present invention by those skilled in the art also belong to the technical innovation scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A nuclear electromagnetic pulse current source item calculation method based on Monte Carlo simulation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: according to an actual generation scene of the nuclear electromagnetic pulse, constructing a Monte Carlo particle transport three-dimensional geometric model, wherein the three-dimensional geometric model comprises various environment elements forming the actual scene, the shape, the size, the position and the density of each environment element, chemical components of each environment element and the proportion of each chemical component in the environment elements;
step 2: setting the position, direction, energy spectrum and time spectrum parameters of a pulse gamma radiation source and a pulse neutron radiation source in the three-dimensional geometric model, and setting a recording point grid;
and step 3: respectively simulating the transportation process of the tracking pulse gamma and the pulse neutron in the three-dimensional geometric model by using a Monte Carlo method, thereby obtaining the position, direction, energy and time information of the direct gamma, the scattering gamma and the neutron secondary gamma;
and 4, step 4: according to the position, direction, energy and time information of the direct gamma, the scattering gamma and the neutron secondary gamma obtained in the step 3, counting the gamma fluence of any one recording point in all gamma pair recording point grids by using a pointing probability method;
and 5: using the gamma fluence obtained in the step (4) and using a Compton scattering theory to count and obtain the Compton electron generation rate of any one recording point in all gamma pair recording point grids;
step 6: then, obtaining the Compton current density formed at any recording point in all gamma pair recording point grids by using a Klein-Nishina theoretical formula, wherein the initial Compton current density is the nuclear electromagnetic pulse current source term of the recording point;
and 7: and repeating the steps 4-6 to obtain the distribution of the nuclear electromagnetic pulse current source items of all the recording points in the recording point grid.
2. The Monte Carlo simulation-based nuclear electromagnetic pulse current source term calculation method according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 4, a concrete solving formula for counting the gamma fluence of any recording point in the recording point grid by all the gammas by using a pointing probability method is as follows:
wherein phi isγFor the gamma fluence at the recording point, i represents the ith gamma particle, n is the total number of gamma particles, FγiThe contribution of the ith gamma particle to the gamma fluence at the recording point, wiIs the ithWeight of gamma particles, RiDistance of ith gamma particle to recording point, omegaiFor the solid angle, p, in which the ith gamma particle points in the direction of the position of the recording pointi(Ωi) The probability that the ith gamma particle points to a unit solid angle in the direction of the recording point position,
probability of the ith gamma particle arriving at the recording point without collision, λtiThe mean free path number from the gamma particle to the recording point.
3. The Monte Carlo simulation-based nuclear electromagnetic pulse current source term calculation method according to claim 2, wherein: in the step 5, the specific solving formula of all gamma pairs for the Compton electron generation rate at any recording point in the recording point grid is obtained by utilizing the Compton scattering theory statistics, and is as follows:
wherein G iseTo record Compton electron production rate at a spot, FeiAs the contribution of the ith gamma particle to the compton electron generation rate,
is the probability of Compton scattering of the ith gamma particle from the medium through a unit length, lambdaci(Eγi) Mean free path for Compton scattering, EγiIs the energy of the ith gamma particle.
4. The Monte Carlo simulation-based nuclear electromagnetic pulse current source term calculation method according to claim 3, wherein: the specific calculation formula of the compton current density formed at any recording point in the grid of all gamma pair recording points in the step 6 is as follows:
wherein, JeTo record Compton electron production rate at a spot, FjiIs the contribution of the ith gamma particle to the Compton current density, wherein
The average velocity of compton electrons in the incident gamma direction for the ith gamma particle.
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