CN111551997A - Investigation system and investigation method for concealed fracture layer - Google Patents
Investigation system and investigation method for concealed fracture layer Download PDFInfo
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- CN111551997A CN111551997A CN202010401401.3A CN202010401401A CN111551997A CN 111551997 A CN111551997 A CN 111551997A CN 202010401401 A CN202010401401 A CN 202010401401A CN 111551997 A CN111551997 A CN 111551997A
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
- G01V3/08—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified by objects or geological structures or by detecting devices
- G01V3/082—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified by objects or geological structures or by detecting devices operating with fields produced by spontaneous potentials, e.g. electrochemical or produced by telluric currents
Abstract
The survey system for the blind fracture layer comprises a regional geological state acquisition module, a blind fracture survey line laying module, an electrode arrangement module, a potential difference acquisition module and a surface apparent resistivity value calculation module. The regional geological state acquisition module is used for acquiring a geological profile of a region to be surveyed. The concealed fracture survey line laying module is used for laying at least two survey lines on an area to be surveyed. The electrode arrangement module is used for respectively arranging a plurality of electrodes on the two measuring lines. The potential difference acquisition module obtains the potential difference between a plurality of electrodes on two measuring lines by measuring the potential difference between other electrodes and the base electrode. The earth surface apparent resistivity value calculation module is used for calculating earth surface apparent resistivity. The survey system and method for the hidden fracture layer are less affected by factors such as site restriction and artificial damage, meanwhile, the hidden fracture survey process is simplified, and the hidden fracture survey cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geological exploration, in particular to an exploration system and an exploration method for a hidden fracture layer.
Background
In geological exploration, blind fracturing is a common geological formation. Latent fractures, as the name implies, refer to faults that are not exposed at the surface, and are latent below the surface. Blind fractures may be formed because the fault that cuts through the bedrock is covered by new sediment, or the fault is occupied by an invaded rock mass, or a blind fault that forms deep in the ground, with the fault face not cutting through to the surface. The hidden fracture is a hidden danger which must be eliminated in the field of building and water conservancy building construction, otherwise serious consequences can be caused. Currently, the following methods are mainly used for invisibility fracture investigation:
field geological survey: hidden fracture is detected in field through geological landform, hydrogeology, remote sensing geology, environment geology and other aspects, and relevant information (such as occurrence, property and other characteristics) of the hidden fracture is obtained preliminarily.
Field engineering investigation: and seismic wave exploration, aeromagnetic measurement and other means are used for obtaining more detailed information (including the characteristics of occult fracture occurrence, properties and the like) of the occult fracture.
Hydrogeological drilling: the method is the most direct means for surveying the hidden fracture, but the method is complex in hole distribution, difficult in construction, long in time consumption and high in cost, and therefore special care is needed in application.
The investigation means is not detailed or deep enough to master the characteristics of occult fracture, such as occurrence, nature and the like, such as geological and geomorphic survey and hydrogeological survey; or the field does not have use conditions, such as seismic wave exploration is generally not suitable in urban areas; or the cost of exploration is too high, such as hydrogeological drilling exploration; thus, there are certain disadvantages.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention provides a high density resistivity method for detecting blind fractures, which can overcome the above disadvantages, to solve the above problems.
The survey system for the blind fracture layer comprises a regional geological state acquisition module, a blind fracture survey line laying module, an electrode arrangement module, a potential difference acquisition module and a surface apparent resistivity value calculation module. The regional geological state acquisition module is used for acquiring a geological profile of a region to be surveyed. The hidden fracture survey line laying module is used for laying at least two measuring lines on an area to be surveyed, and the two measuring lines are supposed to be perpendicular to the trend of the hidden fracture. The electrode arrangement module is used for respectively arranging a plurality of electrodes on the two measuring lines. The potential difference acquisition module is used for taking any one of the electrodes as a base electrode and measuring potential differences between other electrodes and the base electrode to obtain potential differences between the electrodes on the two measuring lines. The surface apparent resistivity value calculation module calculates the surface apparent resistivity corresponding to the at least two measuring lines by using the following formula:
wherein: rhosIs the apparent resistivity value of the earth;
k is the device coefficient;
UMNiis the potential difference between the ith electrode and the base electrode, M and N are the labels of the electrodes;
and I is a power supply current value.
Further, the geological profile is obtained by performing a field geological survey of the regional geology.
Further, the hidden fracture survey line laying module lays the survey lines for multiple times to obtain multiple surface apparent resistivity values.
Furthermore, the survey system for the blind fracture layer also comprises a circulating module, wherein the circulating module is used for circularly executing the blind fracture survey line laying module, the electrode arrangement module, the potential difference acquisition module and the earth surface apparent resistivity value calculation module so as to obtain a plurality of earth surface apparent resistivity values.
Further, performing two-dimensional deduction on the plurality of surface apparent resistivity values by adopting Res2dinv software, and obtaining the real resistivity of the resistivity section through multiple iterative fitting.
Further, the iteration is stopped when the error of the iterative fitting is less than or equal to 5.
A method for investigating a blind fracture layer, comprising the steps of:
providing a regional geological state acquisition module, wherein the regional geological state acquisition module is used for acquiring a geological profile of a region to be surveyed;
providing an invisible fracture survey line laying module, wherein the invisible fracture survey line laying module is used for laying at least two measuring lines on an area to be surveyed, and the two measuring lines are supposed to be perpendicular to the trend of the invisible fracture;
providing an electrode arrangement module, wherein the electrode arrangement module is used for respectively arranging a plurality of electrodes on at least two measuring lines;
providing a potential difference acquisition module, wherein the potential difference acquisition module is used for taking any one of the plurality of electrodes as a base electrode and measuring potential differences between other electrodes and the base electrode to obtain potential differences between the plurality of electrodes on at least two measuring lines;
providing a surface apparent resistivity value calculation module, wherein the surface apparent resistivity value calculation module calculates and obtains the surface apparent resistivity corresponding to at least two measuring lines by using the following formula:
wherein: rhosIs the apparent resistivity value of the earth;
k is the device coefficient;
UMNiis the potential difference between the ith electrode and the base electrode, M and N are the labels of the electrodes;
and I is a power supply current value.
Further, a circulation module is provided and is used for circularly executing the hidden fracture survey line laying module, the electrode arrangement module, the potential difference acquisition module and the surface apparent resistivity value calculation module so as to obtain a plurality of surface apparent resistivity values.
Further, obtaining a plurality of surface apparent resistivity values further comprises the steps of: and performing two-dimensional deduction by adopting Res2dinv software, and performing repeated iterative fitting to obtain the real resistivity of the resistivity section corresponding to the corresponding measuring line.
Further, when the error of the iterative fitting is less than or equal to 5, the iteration is stopped, and the minimum value of the obtained real resistivity is the apparent resistivity value corresponding to the trend that the measuring line is vertical to the blind fracture.
Compared with the prior art, the survey system of the blind fracture layer provided by the invention randomly arranges survey lines for a region to be surveyed through the blind fracture survey line arrangement module, assumes that the survey lines are perpendicular to the trend of the blind fracture, arranges a plurality of electrodes for each survey line through the electrode arrangement module, collects the potential difference between one base electrode and other electrodes through the potential difference collection module, and finally obtains the surface apparent resistivity value through the calculation of the surface apparent resistivity value calculation module. After the surface apparent resistivity value is obtained, the real resistivity of the section corresponding to the measuring line can be obtained through iterative fitting, and therefore the geological structure distribution characteristics of the real blind fracture layer are obtained through inversion and verification on the basis of the real resistivity of the section corresponding to the measuring line. Therefore, the reconnaissance system and the reconnaissance method are less influenced by factors such as site restriction and artificial damage, meanwhile, the concealed fracture reconnaissance process is simplified, and concealed fracture reconnaissance cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an investigation system for blind fracture layers according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for investigating a latent fracture layer according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Specific examples of the present invention will be described in further detail below. It should be understood that the description herein of embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Fig. 1 to 2 are schematic diagrams illustrating a system for investigating a latent fracture layer according to the present invention. The survey system of the blind fracture layer comprises a regional geological state acquisition module 10, a blind fracture survey line laying module 11, an electrode arrangement module 12, a potential difference acquisition module 13, a surface apparent resistivity value calculation module 14 and a circular execution module 15. It is contemplated that the system for investigating blind fractured layers may include other functional modules such as data processing modules, electrical connection assemblies, devices for positioning electrodes in the field, devices for applying a voltage between electrodes and measuring the potential difference between any two electrodes, etc., which are well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail herein.
The regional geological state acquisition module 10 may be manually input by collating the existing regional geological data to be surveyed, or may be input according to data obtained by field survey, so that the general trend of the regional geology to be surveyed, and the geographic information such as the stratum profile, the geological structure, and the like can be known. It is conceivable that the geological data of the area to be surveyed may be obtained by taking a picture by the unmanned aerial vehicle and analyzing the taken picture. The regional geological state acquisition module 10 can acquire a geological profile of a region to be surveyed by inputting geological data.
The hidden fracture survey line laying module 11 is used for laying at least two survey lines on an area to be surveyed, and the two survey lines are assumed to be perpendicular to the trend of the hidden fracture. The trend of the latent fracture can be obtained through manual reasoning or through geological picture analysis by a computer, but is assumed. When laying the measuring line, the measuring line should be perpendicular to the trend of the assumed blind fracture to obtain the resistivity value of the real fracture surface. In this embodiment, the blind fracture survey line laying module 11 lays two spaced survey lines on the area to be surveyed.
The electrode arrangement module 12 is used to arrange a plurality of electrodes on the arranged measuring lines. The method of arranging a plurality of such electrodes may be a dipole measuring arrangement, but may also be other ways. In this embodiment, the pole arrangement module 12 arranges a plurality of electrodes on two measuring lines in a dipole measurement arrangement, and the number of the electrodes may be set according to actual needs, such as the length of the measuring lines. In this embodiment, the electrodes have 64 electrodes and are divided into odd groups and even groups, i.e., 32 odd groups and 32 even groups, and are numbered for easy distinction. In this embodiment, the odd-numbered groups of electrodes are labeled M (1,3,5, … …, 63), the even-numbered groups of electrodes are labeled N (2,4,6, … …, 64),
the potential difference acquisition module 13 is configured to acquire a potential difference between any two electrodes, and first use any one of the electrodes as a base electrode, for example, use the M1 electrode as a base electrode, and then obtain a potential difference between the electrodes on two measuring lines by measuring a potential difference between the other electrode and the base electrode. It is understood that the apparatus and method for measuring any two potential differences should be prior art and will not be described herein. In the present embodiment, since the number of the electrodes is 64, 63 pieces of potential difference data can be obtained.
The surface apparent resistivity value calculation module 14 calculates the surface apparent resistivity values corresponding to the at least two measuring lines by using the following formula:
wherein: rhosIs the apparent resistivity value of the earth;
k is the device coefficient;
UMNiis the potential difference between the ith electrode and the base electrode, M and N are the labels of the electrodes;
and I is a power supply current value.
The device coefficient K is related to a device in which a plurality of electrodes are arranged, and can be adjusted according to an actual device, which is a prior art in geological exploration and is not described herein again.
The apparent resistivity value of the cross section corresponding to the two arranged measuring lines can be calculated through the surface apparent resistivity calculation module 14. Of course, it can be understood that, since the two measuring lines are not necessarily perpendicular to the trend of the blind fracture, the apparent resistivity value calculated by the surface apparent resistivity calculation module 14 is also not necessarily the minimum value, and therefore, the measuring lines need to be laid many times to obtain a plurality of apparent resistivity values.
The circulation module 15 is used for circularly executing the blind fracture survey line laying module 11, the electrode arrangement module 12, the potential difference acquisition module 13 and the surface apparent resistivity value calculation module 14 to obtain a plurality of surface apparent resistivity values.
The method is characterized in that the distribution of the electrical structure of the hidden fracture can be roughly known according to the apparent resistivity value, the measuring line cannot be perpendicular to the trend of the hidden fracture at any position due to uncertainty of the trend of the hidden fracture, in order to obtain more real data to improve the precision, a target function is constructed by using the measured data and the forward model on the basis of the least square method principle, so that the target function is extremely small, and model parameters are modified through repeated iteration according to a fitting difference until the fitting difference meets the given precision requirement. In the embodiment, Res2dinv software (a software built-in least square inversion mode) is adopted to perform two-dimensional inversion on high-density resistivity data of blind fracture investigation, the true resistivity of a resistivity section of a two-dimensional inversion model is obtained through 5 iterations (iteration is stopped when the 5 th iteration fitting error is equal to 5), and the distribution characteristics of the underground geological structure can be reversely deduced by combining with drilling geological data. In practice, the iteration is stopped when the error of the iterative fit is less than or equal to 5.
Finally, in order to confirm the correctness of the above calculation results, verification, i.e., in-field investigation such as drilling verification, may also be performed. Through on-site hydrogeological drilling disclosure, the hidden fracture characteristics obtained by the exploration system are compared with hidden fractures disclosed by hydrogeological drilling exploration verification, and if the characteristics are consistent, the hidden fractures can be determined to belong to movable hidden fractures.
Compared with the prior art, the survey system of the blind fracture layer provided by the invention randomly arranges survey lines for a region to be surveyed through the blind fracture survey line arrangement module 11, assumes that the survey lines are perpendicular to the trend of the blind fracture, arranges a plurality of electrodes for each survey line through the electrode arrangement module 12, acquires the potential difference between one base electrode and other electrodes through the potential difference acquisition module 13, and finally calculates the surface apparent resistivity value through the surface apparent resistivity value calculation module 14. After the surface apparent resistivity value is obtained, the real resistivity of the section corresponding to the measuring line can be obtained through iterative fitting, and therefore the geological structure distribution characteristics of the real blind fracture layer are obtained through inversion and verification on the basis of the real resistivity of the section corresponding to the measuring line. Therefore, the reconnaissance system and the reconnaissance method are less influenced by factors such as site restriction and artificial damage, meanwhile, the concealed fracture reconnaissance process is simplified, and concealed fracture reconnaissance cost is reduced.
The invention also provides a method for surveying the blind fracture layer, which comprises the following steps:
STEP101, providing a regional geological state acquisition module 10, wherein the regional geological state acquisition module 10 is used for acquiring a geological profile of a region to be surveyed;
STEP102, providing an invisible fracture survey line laying module 11, wherein the invisible fracture survey line laying module 11 is used for laying at least two measuring lines on an area to be surveyed, and the two measuring lines are supposed to be perpendicular to the trend of the invisible fracture;
STEP103, providing an electrode arrangement module 12, wherein the electrode arrangement module 12 is used for respectively arranging a plurality of electrodes on at least two measuring lines;
STEP104, providing a potential difference acquisition module 13, wherein the potential difference acquisition module 13 is used for taking any one of a plurality of electrodes as a base electrode and measuring potential differences between other electrodes and the base electrode to obtain potential differences between a plurality of electrodes on at least two measuring lines;
STEP105, providing a surface apparent resistivity value calculation module 14, wherein the surface apparent resistivity value calculation module 14 calculates the surface apparent resistivity corresponding to at least two measuring lines by using the following formula:
wherein: rhosIs the apparent resistivity value of the earth;
k is the device coefficient;
UMNiis the potential difference between the ith electrode and the base electrode.
STEP106, providing a circulation module 15, wherein the circulation module 15 is used for circularly executing the blind fracture survey line laying module 11, the electrode arrangement module 12, the potential difference acquisition module 13 and the surface apparent resistivity value calculation module 14 to obtain a plurality of surface apparent resistivity values;
and STEP107, performing two-dimensional deduction by adopting Res2dinv software, and performing repeated iterative fitting to obtain the real resistivity of the resistivity section corresponding to the corresponding measuring line.
And stopping iteration when the error of the iterative fitting is less than or equal to 5, wherein the minimum value of the obtained real resistivity is the apparent resistivity value corresponding to the trend that the measuring line is vertical to the hidden fracture.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents or improvements that are within the spirit of the present invention are intended to be covered by the following claims.
Claims (10)
1. An investigation system of a blind fracture layer, characterized in that: the survey system of the blind fracture layer comprises a regional geological state acquisition module, a blind fracture survey line arrangement module, an electrode arrangement module, a potential difference acquisition module and a surface apparent resistivity value calculation module, wherein the regional geological state acquisition module is used for acquiring geological profiles of regions to be surveyed, the blind fracture survey line arrangement module is used for arranging at least two survey lines on the regions to be surveyed, the two survey lines are assumed to be perpendicular to the trend of the blind fracture, the electrode arrangement module is used for respectively arranging a plurality of electrodes on the two survey lines, the potential difference acquisition module is used for taking any one of the plurality of electrodes as a base electrode to obtain potential differences between the plurality of electrodes on the two survey lines by measuring the potential differences between other electrodes and the base electrode, and the surface apparent resistivity value calculation module utilizes the following formula to calculate and obtain the surface apparent resistivity values corresponding to the at least two survey lines Resistivity, the formula being:
wherein: rhosIs the apparent resistivity value of the earth;
k is the device coefficient;
UMNiis the potential difference between the ith electrode and the base electrode, M and N are the labels of the electrodes;
and I is a power supply current value.
2. An investigation system for blind fracture layers as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the geological profile is obtained by performing a field geological survey of the geology of the region.
3. An investigation system for blind fracture layers as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the concealed fracture survey measuring line laying module is used for laying the measuring lines for multiple times to obtain a plurality of surface apparent resistivity values.
4. An investigation system for blind fracture layers as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the survey system for the blind fracture layer further comprises a circulating module, wherein the circulating module is used for circularly executing the blind fracture survey line laying module, the electrode arrangement module, the potential difference acquisition module and the earth surface apparent resistivity value calculation module so as to obtain a plurality of earth surface apparent resistivity values.
5. An investigation system for blind fracture layers as claimed in claim 4, wherein: and performing two-dimensional deduction on the plurality of surface apparent resistivity values by adopting Res2dinv software, and obtaining the real resistivity of the resistivity section through repeated iterative fitting.
6. An investigation system for blind fracture layers as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the iteration is stopped when the error of the iterative fit is less than or equal to 5.
7. A method for investigating a blind fracture layer, comprising the steps of:
providing a regional geological state acquisition module, wherein the regional geological state acquisition module is used for acquiring a geological profile of a region to be surveyed;
providing an invisible fracture survey line laying module, wherein the invisible fracture survey line laying module is used for laying at least two measuring lines on an area to be surveyed, and the two measuring lines are supposed to be perpendicular to the trend of the invisible fracture;
providing an electrode arrangement module, wherein the electrode arrangement module is used for respectively arranging a plurality of electrodes on at least two measuring lines;
providing a potential difference acquisition module, wherein the potential difference acquisition module is used for taking any one of the plurality of electrodes as a base electrode and measuring potential differences between other electrodes and the base electrode to obtain potential differences between the plurality of electrodes on at least two measuring lines;
providing a surface apparent resistivity value calculation module, wherein the surface apparent resistivity value calculation module calculates and obtains the surface apparent resistivity corresponding to at least two measuring lines by using the following formula:
wherein: rhosIs the apparent resistivity value of the earth;
k is the device coefficient;
UMNiis the potential difference between the ith electrode and the base electrode, M and N are the labels of the electrodes;
and I is a power supply current value.
8. An investigation system for blind fracture layers as claimed in claim 6, wherein: and providing a circulation module for circularly executing the hidden fracture survey line laying module, the electrode arrangement module, the potential difference acquisition module and the surface apparent resistivity value calculation module to obtain a plurality of surface apparent resistivity values.
9. An investigation system for blind fracture layers as claimed in claim 8, wherein: obtaining a plurality of said surface apparent resistivity values, further comprising the steps of: and performing two-dimensional deduction by adopting Res2dinv software, and performing repeated iterative fitting to obtain the real resistivity of the resistivity section corresponding to the corresponding measuring line.
10. An investigation system for blind fracture layers as claimed in claim 9, wherein: and stopping iteration when the error of the iterative fitting is less than or equal to 5, wherein the minimum value of the obtained real resistivity is the apparent resistivity value corresponding to the trend that the measuring line is vertical to the hidden fracture.
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| CN113917541A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-01-11 | 湖南科技大学 | Method and device for acquiring electrical anisotropy of underground medium based on direct current electrical prospecting |
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