CN111551450A - Soft rock shearing box with blasting and shearing coupling effects and test method thereof - Google Patents
Soft rock shearing box with blasting and shearing coupling effects and test method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111551450A CN111551450A CN202010464838.1A CN202010464838A CN111551450A CN 111551450 A CN111551450 A CN 111551450A CN 202010464838 A CN202010464838 A CN 202010464838A CN 111551450 A CN111551450 A CN 111551450A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0005—Repeated or cyclic
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0025—Shearing
Abstract
The invention relates to a soft rock shearing box with blasting and shearing coupling effects and a test method thereof, wherein the shearing box is provided with an upper shearing box and a lower shearing box, the central part of the shearing box is provided with a cavity for placing a rock sample, a chuck steel ring is arranged in the upper shearing box, 6-10 flat cylindrical grooves are uniformly distributed on the edge of the upper shearing box, a blasting disc is arranged in the flat cylindrical grooves and can rotate in the flat cylindrical grooves by taking the chuck steel ring as an axis, and a medicine tube hole is formed in the blasting disc and used for installing a medicine charging test tube and a tube cap; the lower shear box is joggled on the sliding rolling row. The test method comprises the following steps: constructing a test system; preparing a sample; filling explosives in the explosive loading test tubes according to different test schemes; pushing the shearing box to a preset station; the explosive in the explosive loading test tube is detonated at regular time; recording test data; and (5) recharging and repeating the blasting test operation until the test is finished. The invention can carry out the test of simulating the influence of different blasting parameters such as different explosives, hole depths, inclination angles and the like on the rock sample shear rheological damage, and has high test efficiency and consistent result with the real situation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a shear box and a test method thereof, in particular to a soft rock shear box with blasting and shearing coupling effects and a test method thereof.
Background
When mining operation is carried out on the side slope of the open-pit mine with the soft interlayer, blasting and rock crushing operation is usually required, and the blasting and rock crushing operation is generally carried out continuously in the whole production period of the mine. However, the vibration generated by the blasting operation also increases the damage degree of the soft interlayer (soft rock) in the side slope, influences the shear mechanical property of the side slope, reduces the side slope stability, and promotes the open mine side slope to generate shear rheological damage along the soft interlayer (soft rock), thereby causing accidents such as landslide and collapse.
At present, a plurality of indoor test devices are available for researching the dynamic damage effect of blasting vibration on slope rock, for example, devices such as a Hopkinson bar device and an impact hammer are adopted. However, in the shear rheological test process, a shear box device which truly simulates the influence of blasting vibration and the change of field blasting construction parameters on the shear rheological damage of soft rock is rarely reported so far.
The following problems mainly exist in the conventional shearing box device: most of the shearing box devices can only singly simulate the damage of dynamic impact to a rock sample, and a few of the shearing box devices can simulate the damage of vibration to a rock body in the shearing test process, but the vibration frequency and the peak vibration speed have larger differences with the actual situation on site. The existing shear box device for simulating the influence of vibration on a rock sample in a shear test process cannot truly simulate the influence of explosives with different intensities on the shear rheological damage of the rock sample; the influence of different hole depths and charge modes on the shear rheological damage of the rock sample cannot be truly simulated; the influence of different blast hole inclination angles on the shear rheological damage of the rock sample cannot be truly simulated; the influence of different blasting directions on the shear rheological damage of the rock sample cannot be truly simulated; the influence of different blasting modes such as differential blasting and the like on the shearing rheological damage of the rock sample cannot be truly simulated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a soft rock shearing box with the blasting and shearing coupling effects and a test method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the soft rock shearing box with the blasting and shearing coupling effect comprises an upper shearing box, a lower shearing box, a normal loading cushion block and a sliding rolling row; the upper shearing box is provided with an upper top plate and an upper shearing body, the lower shearing box is provided with a lower bottom plate and a lower shearing body, the central parts of the upper shearing box and the lower shearing box are provided with cavities for placing rock samples, the upper parts of the rock samples are provided with normal loading cushion blocks, the lower shearing box is clamped on the sliding rolling row, the sliding rolling row is integrally circular, the sliding rolling row is provided with round holes, and steel balls are placed in the round holes;
the middle parts of the four sides of the top of the normal loading cushion block are respectively welded with a square plate, and the square plates are used for mounting a normal displacement sensor;
an annular groove is arranged at the joint part of the upper top plate and the upper shearing body of the upper shearing box around the cavity for placing the rock sample, and the annular groove is used for placing a chuck steel ring;
6-10 flat cylindrical grooves are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the upper shearing box, and 1 blasting disc is placed in each flat cylindrical groove;
the upper top plate of the upper shearing box is connected with the upper shearing body by a long screw; the lower shearing body and the lower bottom plate of the lower shearing box are also connected by long screws;
the outer edges of the upper shearing box and the lower shearing box are respectively provided with a square groove, the directions of the notches of the two square grooves are opposite, the plane of the bottom of the groove is parallel to the wall surface of the same side of the cavity for placing the rock sample, the square grooves are convenient for enabling the shearing boxes to be in close contact with the loading pressure head during the shear rheological test, and the stress is uniform;
the outer edge of the bottom of the lower shearing body is welded with two measuring supports, the connecting line of the centers of the two measuring supports is perpendicular to the shearing direction, and the measuring supports are used for mounting a tangential displacement sensor and a blasting vibration meter;
the center of the bottom of the lower bottom plate is provided with a cross-shaped groove;
the sliding rolling row is characterized in that a cross-shaped boss is arranged at the center of the upper surface of the sliding rolling row, the cross-shaped boss of the sliding rolling row is in mortise joint with a cross-shaped groove of the lower base plate, a cross-shaped mortise and tenon joint structure is used for keeping the relative position between the lower shearing box and the sliding rolling row unchanged, and the sliding rolling row reduces the friction force between the shearing box and a shearing box bearing platform in the test process.
Each flat column groove is internally provided with 1 blasting disc, the diameter of each blasting disc is equal to the thickness of the upper shearing box, each blasting disc is an open flat column, each blasting disc is provided with a cylindrical explosive tube hole along the radius, and each blasting disc is clamped on the chuck steel ring and rotates in the flat column groove by taking the chuck steel ring as the axis.
The medicine tube hole is provided with an internal thread at the hole opening part, and the chuck steel ring is arranged at the hole bottom of the medicine tube hole.
The explosive tube hole be used for installing powder charge test tube and cap, powder charge test tube upper portion is equipped with the external screw thread, hexagonal recess in establishing on cap upper portion, open at cap center has a detonating hole, the detonating hole is convenient for cross-under detonating cord, be equipped with internal thread and external screw thread inside and outside cap lower part respectively, the cap passes through the external screw thread meshing of lower part internal thread and powder charge test tube, the cap passes through the internal thread meshing at its external screw thread and explosive tube hole drill way position, is fixed in the explosive tube downthehole with the powder charge test tube.
The invention also provides a test method of the soft rock shear box using the blasting and shearing coupling effect, which comprises the steps of firstly constructing a set of test system, wherein the test system is at least provided with a normal displacement sensor, a tangential displacement sensor, a blasting vibration meter, a tangential actuator, a normal actuator and a shear box bearing platform; preparing a cubic rock sample with the size of 100mm multiplied by 100mm, polishing the surface of the cubic rock sample to be smooth, placing the cubic rock sample in a cavity of a lower shearing body, aligning and installing the cavity of an upper shearing body and the rock sample, then respectively installing a chuck steel ring, an upper top plate and a long screw, and installing a normal loading cushion block on the upper part of the rock sample; the test procedure was as follows:
the explosive loading method includes the steps that according to different test design schemes, all or part of 6-10 explosive loading test tubes are filled with explosive of a preset variety, subsection explosive loading or non-subsection explosive loading is adopted, then an explosive fuse is connected with the explosive, the explosive fuse penetrates through an explosive hole in the center of a pipe cap, and the pipe cap and the explosive loading test tubes are mounted together in a threaded meshing mode;
secondly, mounting a charging test tube with a tube cap in a meshed manner with a charge tube hole of the blasting disc through threads; the blasting disc is rotated by taking the chuck steel ring as an axis, so that the charging test tube is positioned at a preset inclination angle; then, connecting the detonating cords of the charging test tube openings according to a preset test scheme so as to realize different detonating sequences;
thirdly, pushing the shearing box placed on the sliding roller row to a preset station in the test system, installing and checking whether the displacement sensor and the blasting vibration meter can work normally or not, then starting the normal actuator to enable the normal actuator to be in close fit contact with the normal loading cushion block and apply a set normal load, starting the tangential actuator to enable the tangential actuator to be in close fit contact with the square grooves on the two sides of the shearing box, keeping the upper shearing box in a static state relative to the whole shearing system in the shearing rheological test process, and pushing the lower shearing box to generate tangential displacement by the tangential actuator;
fourthly, according to a preset test scheme, regularly detonating the explosive in the explosive loading test tube, and recording test data;
fifthly, carrying out repeated blasting test operation again, carrying out multiple blasting test operations in the shearing rheological test process, taking out the loading test tube after one blasting test operation is completed, cleaning explosive residues, carrying out loading again and connecting a detonating cord, carrying out blasting test operation again according to a preset test scheme, recording test data, and repeating the blasting test operation until the test is completed;
sixthly, after the test is finished, pushing the shearing box out of the test station, removing the upper shearing box to take out a rock sample, cleaning a cavity of the shearing box, twisting a pipe cap in the blasting disc to take out a charging test tube, unscrewing the pipe cap to clean explosive residues in the charging test tube after the explosion, mounting the charging test tube in the blasting disc, and mounting the shearing box for the next use.
When the method is used for testing the influence of simulated blasting vibration on the shear rheological effect of the soft rock, a scientific test scheme needs to be formulated in advance, and particularly, the proper explosive variety and the appropriate explosive charge need to be calculated and determined so as to avoid the conditions of error, difficulty and the like in data acquisition caused by insufficient blasting vibration effect in the test process or damage to test equipment and test personnel due to excessive blasting energy.
Compared with the prior art, the soft rock shearing box and the test method thereof have the beneficial effects that:
firstly, the lower shearing box designed by the invention is divided into a lower bottom plate and a lower shearing body, so that the inside of a cavity of the lower shearing box can be conveniently cleaned; the cross-shaped groove is formed in the center of the bottom of the lower bottom plate, meanwhile, the sliding rolling row with the steel balls is designed in a matched mode, the cross-shaped boss is arranged in the center of the upper surface of the sliding rolling row, and the cross-shaped boss is in tenon joint with the cross-shaped groove of the lower bottom plate of the lower shearing box.
The shearing box is provided with the chuck steel ring and the blasting disc, the blasting disc can rotate by taking the chuck steel ring as an axis to change the inclination angle of the charging test tube relative to the rock sample, the influence of the blasting effect on the rock sample shearing rheological effect when the inclination angle of the blast hole is changed can be simulated more truly, and the charging test tube is equivalent to the blast hole in field blasting operation.
And thirdly, 6-10 blasting disks are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the upper shearing box at equal intervals, and the positions of the blasting disks relative to the rock sample are different, so that the device can be used for truly simulating the influence of blasting in different directions on the shear rheological effect of the rock sample.
And fourthly, the pipe cap of the charging test tube is provided with a detonating hole, the detonating cord can be connected with the detonating hole to detonate the explosive in the charging test tube, and meanwhile, the micro-difference blasting can be realized by changing the connecting mode of the detonating cord.
The shearing box can simulate the influence on the rock sample shearing rheological effect after blasting in different blast hole charging modes on site in a charging test tube, for example, the charging mode of sectional charging is adopted in the charging test tube, and the change of the hole depth can be simulated by charging materials such as sand and the like at the bottom of the charging test tube.
The shearing box provided by the invention can be used for truly simulating the influence of different explosives on the rock sample shearing rheological effect during blasting by containing the explosives with different intensities and varieties in the explosive charging test tube.
The shearing box has scientific and reasonable structure, simple operation steps during test, convenience and easiness in learning, high test efficiency and accuracy, is suitable for indoor shear rheological test, and can be used for truly simulating the influence on the shear rheological effect of the soft interlayer (soft rock) during blasting operation under different blasting construction parameters on site.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic top view of the shear box of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the cross-sectional structure a-a of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a cross-sectional structure B-B of fig. 1.
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of the bottom slide roller arrangement of the shear box of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the axial and side sectional configurations of the burst disk of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic top view of the chuck steel ring of the present invention.
Figure 7 is a schematic view of the charge tube of the present invention in cross section and top view.
In the above figures: 1-normal direction loading cushion, 2-square board, 3-rock specimen, 4-measure the support, 5-long screw, 6-go up the roof, 7-chuck steel ring, 8-go up the shearing body, 9-the shearing body down, 10-square groove, 11-cross boss, 12-steel ball, 13-bottom plate, 14-blasting disc, 141-cartridge tube hole, 15-flat column groove, 16-powder charge test tube, 161-external screw thread, 162-pipe cap, 163-explosion guide hole, 17-slip row of rolling.
Detailed Description
The shear box and the test method thereof according to the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Example 1: the invention provides a soft rock shearing box with blasting and shearing coupling effects and a test method thereof, wherein the structure of the shearing box is shown in figures 1-7. The shearing box comprises an upper shearing box, a lower shearing box, a normal loading cushion block 1 and a sliding rolling row 17; the center parts of the upper shearing box and the lower shearing box are provided with cavities for placing the rock samples 3, and the upper parts of the rock samples are provided with normal loading cushion blocks.
As shown in FIG. 1, a square plate 2 is welded in the middle of each of the four sides of the top of the normal loading cushion block 1, and the square plate is used for mounting a normal displacement sensor.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, an annular groove is arranged at the joint part of an upper top plate 6 and an upper shearing body 8 of the shearing box around a cavity for placing a rock sample, and the annular groove is used for placing a chuck steel ring 7. The structure of the chuck steel ring is shown in figure 6, after the chuck steel ring 7 is placed in the annular groove of the upper shearing body, the upper top plate is placed, and the upper top plate and the upper shearing body can be connected by using a long screw 5; 8 flat cylindrical grooves 15 are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the upper shearing box, and 1 blasting disc 14 is placed in each flat cylindrical groove.
The lower shearing box is provided with a lower bottom plate 13 and a lower shearing body 9, and the lower shearing body is connected with the lower bottom plate through a long screw 5; the upper shearing box and the lower shearing box are respectively provided with a square groove 10, the directions of the notches of the two square grooves are opposite, the plane of the groove bottom is parallel to the wall surface of the same side for placing the rock sample cavity, the square grooves are convenient for enabling the shearing boxes to be in close contact with the loading pressure head when the shearing rheological test is carried out, and the stress is uniform.
The lower shearing body 9 is welded with two measuring supports 4 at the outer edge of the bottom, the connecting line of the centers of the two measuring supports is perpendicular to the shearing direction, the measuring supports are used for mounting a tangential displacement sensor and a blasting vibration meter, and the tangential displacement sensor and the blasting vibration meter are used for measuring the tangential displacement during testing and collecting blasting vibration signals generated after explosives in the explosive loading test tube 16 explode. The lower shearing box is clamped on the sliding roller row 17, and the center of the bottom of the lower bottom plate 13 of the lower shearing box is provided with a cross-shaped groove.
As shown in fig. 4, the whole sliding roller row 17 is circular, a circular hole is formed in the sliding roller row, a steel ball 12 is placed in the circular hole, a cross-shaped boss 11 is arranged at the center of the upper surface of the sliding roller row, the cross-shaped boss is in tenon joint with a cross-shaped groove in the bottom of the lower base plate, the cross-shaped mortise and tenon joint structure enables the relative position between the lower shearing box and the sliding roller row 17 to be kept unchanged, and the sliding roller row can reduce the friction force between the shearing box and a shearing box bearing platform in the test process.
As shown in fig. 1, 3 and 5, the diameter of the blasting disk 14 is equal to the thickness of the upper shear box, the blasting disks are open flat columns, each blasting disk is provided with a cylindrical explosive tube hole 141 along the radius, the open end of the explosive tube hole is inserted into the flat column groove 15, after the blasting disks are clamped on the chuck steel ring 7, the blasting disks rotate in the flat column groove with the chuck steel ring as the axis, and the explosive tube hole is rotated to the outer edge of the upper shear box.
As shown in fig. 5, the opening of the drug tube hole 141 is provided with an internal thread, the chuck steel ring is arranged at the bottom of the drug tube hole, and the drug tube hole is used for installing the drug charging test tube 16 and the tube cap 162. As figure 7, powder charge test tube upper portion is equipped with external screw thread 161, and open at the hexagon socket head cap recess center that pipe cap upper portion was established has a circular detonating hole 163, and the detonating hole is convenient for cross-under detonating cord, and inside and outside the pipe cap lower part is equipped with internal thread and external screw thread 161 respectively, and the pipe cap passes through the external screw thread meshing of lower part internal thread and powder charge test tube, and the pipe cap passes through its external screw thread and the internal screw thread meshing at medicine tube hole drill way position, is fixed in the powder charge test tube downthehole. When the charge tube 16 in the burst disk 14 is removed, the charge tube is removed by rotating the cap 162.
The invention also provides a test method using the shear box, when the soft rock shear box with the blasting and shearing coupling effects is used for testing, firstly, a set of test system is constructed, and the test system at least comprises a normal displacement sensor, a tangential displacement sensor, a blasting vibration meter, a tangential actuator, a normal actuator and a shear box bearing platform; preparing a cubic rock sample 3 with the size of 100mm multiplied by 100mm, polishing the surface of the cubic rock sample, placing the cubic rock sample in a cavity of a lower shearing body, aligning and installing the cavity of an upper shearing body and the rock sample, then respectively installing a chuck steel ring 7, an upper top plate 6 and a long screw 5, and installing a normal loading cushion block 1 on the upper part of the rock sample;
the operation steps are as follows:
firstly, according to different test design schemes, all explosive of a predetermined variety is filled in 8 explosive charging test tubes 16, the explosive amount of the volume 2/3 of each explosive charging test tube is filled in each explosive charging test tube, the rest 1/3 space at the upper part is filled with clay, then after an explosive fuse is connected with the explosive, the explosive fuse penetrates through an explosive hole 163 in the center of a pipe cap, and the pipe cap 162 and the explosive charging test tubes are mounted together through threaded engagement.
Secondly, mounting a charging test tube 16 with a tube cap in a meshed manner with a charge tube hole of the blasting disc 14 through threads; and (3) rotating the blasting disc by taking the chuck steel ring 7 as an axis, so that an included angle between the orifice of the charging test tube and a normal central axis of the normal loading cushion block is 30 degrees, and then connecting detonating cords at the orifices of the charging test tubes according to a preset test scheme to realize different detonating sequences.
Thirdly, pushing the shearing box placed on the sliding roller row 17 to a preset station, installing and checking whether the displacement sensor and the blasting vibration meter can work normally, starting the normal actuator to enable the normal actuator to be in close fit contact with the normal loading cushion block 1 and apply a certain normal load, starting the tangential actuator to enable the tangential actuator to be in close fit contact with the square grooves 10 on the two sides of the shearing box, keeping the upper shearing box in a static state relative to the whole shearing system in the shearing rheological test process, and pushing the lower shearing box to generate tangential displacement.
Fourthly, according to a preset test scheme, the explosive in the explosive charging test tube 16 is detonated regularly, and test data are recorded.
Fifthly, carrying out repeated blasting test operation on the powder, taking out the powder loading test tube after cleaning explosive residues and carrying out powder loading again and connecting a detonating cord after one blasting test operation is finished because multiple blasting test operations need to be carried out in the shearing rheological test process, carrying out blasting test operation again according to a preset test scheme, recording test data, and repeating the blasting test operation until the test is finished.
Sixthly, after the test is completed, the shearing box is pushed out of the test station, the shearing box is moved away to take out the rock sample 3, a cavity in the shearing box is cleaned, then the pipe cap 162 of the explosive loading test tube 16 in the blasting disc 14 is twisted to take out the explosive loading test tube, then the pipe cap is unscrewed to clean explosive residues in the explosive loading test tube after the explosion, the explosive loading test tube is installed in the blasting disc, and the shearing box is installed for the next use.
The embodiment is mainly used for simulating and researching the influence of explosives with different intensities and varieties on the rock sample shear rheological effect during blasting and the influence of explosives with different explosive loading amounts on the rock sample shear rheological effect during blasting.
Example 2: the invention provides a soft rock shearing box with blasting and shearing coupling effects and a test method thereof, wherein the structure of the shearing box is basically the same as that of embodiment 1, and the difference is that 6 flat cylindrical grooves 15, 6 blasting disks 14 and 6 charging test tubes are uniformly distributed on the periphery of an upper shearing box.
The test method was essentially the same as in example 1, except that:
in the first step, according to different test design schemes, preset different types of explosives are completely filled in 6 explosive charging test tubes 16, each explosive charging test tube is filled with explosive with the volume of 3/4, and the rest 1/4 spaces on the upper portion are filled with clay;
the step is two, powder charge test tube drill way and normal direction axis contained angle of normal direction loading cushion are 60.
The embodiment is mainly used for simulating and researching the influence of blasting with different charging quantities on the shear rheological effect of the rock sample, and the charging test tubes adopt different inclination angles to simulate the influence of different blast hole inclination angles on the shear rheological effect of the rock sample.
Example 3: the invention provides a soft rock shearing box with blasting and shearing coupling effects and a test method thereof, wherein the structure of the shearing box is basically the same as that of embodiment 1, and the difference is that 10 flat column-shaped grooves 15, 10 blasting disks 14 and 10 charging test tubes are uniformly distributed on the periphery of an upper shearing box.
The test method was essentially the same as in example 1, except that:
according to different test design schemes, 5 explosive loading test tubes in 10 explosive loading test tubes 16 are not loaded with explosives, the other 5 explosive loading test tubes are filled with explosives of a predetermined variety, the explosive loading test tubes in different directions simulate blast holes in different directions, then the interior of each explosive loading test tube is uniformly divided into 5 spaces, firstly, fine sand in 1 space is filled at the bottom, the condition of the depth of the blast hole is changed by simulating the conditions, then, a segmented explosive loading mode is adopted, in 3 spaces in the explosive loading test tubes, one space in the middle is loaded with the sand, the spaces at two ends are filled with the explosives, finally, clay is filled in 1 space at the upper part of the rest, namely, the 5 spaces are filled with the fine sand, the explosives, the sandy soil, the explosives and the clay from bottom to top, and then an explosion guide rope is connected with the explosives;
the perpendicular direction axis contained angle of the test tube drill way of packing medicine in the step of the two is 45 with normal direction loading cushion.
The embodiment is mainly used for simulating and researching the influence of different blast hole orientations and hole depths on the shear rheological effect of the rock sample, and simulating the influence of a sectional charging mode in a blast hole on the shear rheological effect of the rock sample by adopting a sectional charging mode in a charging test tube.
The shear box provided by the invention is scientific and reasonable in structure, the operation steps of the test method are simple, the test efficiency and accuracy are high, the shear box is suitable for indoor shear rheological tests, and the research on the influence of blasting operation on the rock sample shear rheological effect under various blasting construction parameters on the simulation site can be carried out.
Claims (5)
1. A soft rock shearing box with blasting and shearing coupling effects comprises an upper shearing box, a lower shearing box, a normal loading cushion block and a sliding roller row; the upper shearing box is provided with an upper top plate and an upper shearing body, the lower shearing box is provided with a lower bottom plate and a lower shearing body, the central parts of the upper shearing box and the lower shearing box are provided with cavities for placing rock samples, the upper parts of the rock samples are provided with normal loading cushion blocks, the lower shearing box is clamped on the sliding rolling row, the sliding rolling row is integrally circular, the sliding rolling row is provided with round holes, and steel balls are placed in the round holes; the method is characterized in that:
the middle parts of the four sides of the top of the normal loading cushion block are respectively welded with a square plate, and the square plates are used for mounting a normal displacement sensor;
an annular groove is arranged at the joint part of the upper top plate and the upper shearing body of the upper shearing box around the cavity for placing the rock sample, and the annular groove is used for placing a chuck steel ring;
6-10 flat cylindrical grooves are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the upper shearing box, and 1 blasting disc is placed in each flat cylindrical groove;
the upper top plate of the upper shearing box is connected with the upper shearing body by a long screw; the lower shearing body and the lower bottom plate of the lower shearing box are also connected by long screws;
the outer edges of the upper shearing box and the lower shearing box are respectively provided with a square groove, the directions of the notches of the two square grooves are opposite, the plane of the bottom of the groove is parallel to the wall surface of the same side of the cavity for placing the rock sample, the square grooves are convenient for enabling the shearing boxes to be in close contact with the loading pressure head during the shear rheological test, and the stress is uniform;
the outer edge of the bottom of the lower shearing body is welded with two measuring supports, the connecting line of the centers of the two measuring supports is perpendicular to the shearing direction, and the measuring supports are used for mounting a tangential displacement sensor and a blasting vibration meter;
the center of the bottom of the lower bottom plate is provided with a cross-shaped groove;
the sliding rolling row is characterized in that a cross-shaped boss is arranged at the center of the upper surface of the sliding rolling row, the cross-shaped boss of the sliding rolling row is in mortise joint with a cross-shaped groove of the lower base plate, a cross-shaped mortise and tenon joint structure is used for keeping the relative position between the lower shearing box and the sliding rolling row unchanged, and the sliding rolling row reduces the friction force between the shearing box and a shearing box bearing platform in the test process.
2. A blasting and shear coupled soft rock shear box as defined in claim 1, wherein: each flat column groove is internally provided with 1 blasting disc, the diameter of each blasting disc is equal to the thickness of the upper shearing box, each blasting disc is an open flat column, each blasting disc is provided with a cylindrical explosive tube hole along the radius, and each blasting disc is clamped on the chuck steel ring and rotates in the flat column groove by taking the chuck steel ring as the axis.
3. A blasting and shear coupled soft rock shear box as defined in claim 2, wherein: the medicine tube hole is provided with an internal thread at the hole opening part, and the chuck steel ring is arranged at the hole bottom of the medicine tube hole.
4. A blasting and shear coupled soft rock shear box according to claim 2 or 3, wherein: the explosive tube hole be used for installing powder charge test tube and cap, powder charge test tube upper portion is equipped with the external screw thread, hexagonal recess in establishing on cap upper portion, open at cap center has a detonating hole, the detonating hole is convenient for cross-under detonating cord, be equipped with internal thread and external screw thread inside and outside cap lower part respectively, the cap passes through the external screw thread meshing of lower part internal thread and powder charge test tube, the cap passes through the internal thread meshing at its external screw thread and explosive tube hole drill way position, is fixed in the explosive tube downthehole with the powder charge test tube.
5. A test method for using the soft rock shear box with blasting and shearing coupling effects as claimed in claim 1 comprises constructing a set of test system, wherein the test system is at least provided with a normal displacement sensor, a tangential displacement sensor, a blasting vibration meter, a tangential actuator, a normal actuator and a shear box bearing platform; preparing a cubic rock sample with the size of 100mm multiplied by 100mm, polishing the surface of the cubic rock sample to be smooth, placing the cubic rock sample in a cavity of a lower shearing body, aligning and installing the cavity of an upper shearing body and the rock sample, then respectively installing a chuck steel ring, an upper top plate and a long screw, and installing a normal loading cushion block on the upper part of the rock sample; the method is characterized by comprising the following test steps:
the explosive loading method includes the steps that according to different test design schemes, all or part of 6-10 explosive loading test tubes are filled with explosive of a preset variety, subsection explosive loading or non-subsection explosive loading is adopted, then an explosive fuse is connected with the explosive, the explosive fuse penetrates through an explosive hole in the center of a pipe cap, and the pipe cap and the explosive loading test tubes are mounted together in a threaded meshing mode;
secondly, mounting a charging test tube with a tube cap in a meshed manner with a charge tube hole of the blasting disc through threads; the blasting disc is rotated by taking the chuck steel ring as an axis, so that the charging test tube is positioned at a preset inclination angle; then, connecting the detonating cords of the charging test tube openings according to a preset test scheme so as to realize different detonating sequences;
thirdly, pushing the shearing box placed on the sliding roller row to a preset station in the test system, installing and checking whether the displacement sensor and the blasting vibration meter can work normally or not, then starting the normal actuator to enable the normal actuator to be in close fit contact with the normal loading cushion block and applying a set normal load, starting the tangential actuator to enable the tangential actuator to be in close fit contact with the square grooves on the two sides of the shearing box, keeping the upper shearing box in a static state relative to the whole shearing test system in the shearing rheological test process, and pushing the lower shearing box to generate tangential displacement by the tangential actuator;
fourthly, according to a preset test scheme, regularly detonating the explosive in the explosive loading test tube, and recording test data;
fifthly, carrying out repeated blasting test operation again, carrying out multiple blasting test operations in the shearing rheological test process, taking out the loading test tube after one blasting test operation is completed, cleaning explosive residues, carrying out loading again and connecting a detonating cord, carrying out blasting test operation again according to a preset test scheme, recording test data, and repeating the blasting test operation until the test is completed;
sixthly, after the test is finished, pushing the shearing box out of the test station, removing the upper shearing box to take out a rock sample, cleaning a cavity of the shearing box, twisting a pipe cap in the blasting disc to take out a charging test tube, unscrewing the pipe cap to clean explosive residues in the charging test tube after the explosion, mounting the charging test tube in the blasting disc, and mounting the shearing box for the next use.
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