CN111550776A - Air-powder regulation and control method and equipment for preheating chamber of circulating fluidized bed - Google Patents

Air-powder regulation and control method and equipment for preheating chamber of circulating fluidized bed Download PDF

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CN111550776A
CN111550776A CN202010379016.3A CN202010379016A CN111550776A CN 111550776 A CN111550776 A CN 111550776A CN 202010379016 A CN202010379016 A CN 202010379016A CN 111550776 A CN111550776 A CN 111550776A
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air
preheating chamber
powder feeding
powder
fluidized
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满承波
朱建国
欧阳子区
刘敬樟
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Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of CAS
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Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of CAS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
    • F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
    • F23C10/08—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
    • F23C10/10—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
    • F23C10/20—Inlets for fluidisation air, e.g. grids; Bottoms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
    • F23C10/22—Fuel feeders specially adapted for fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
    • F23C10/24—Devices for removal of material from the bed
    • F23C10/26—Devices for removal of material from the bed combined with devices for partial reintroduction of material into the bed, e.g. after separation of agglomerated parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
    • F23C10/28—Control devices specially adapted for fluidised bed, combustion apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2206/00—Fluidised bed combustion
    • F23C2206/10—Circulating fluidised bed

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a powder feeding method of a preheating chamber of a circulating fluidized bed, which comprises the following steps: feeding powder air into the preheating chamber from the side wall of the lower part of the preheating chamber, wherein the powder air carries powdery fuel; and feeding fluidized air into the preheating chamber from the bottom of the preheating chamber, wherein the fluidized air does not carry powdery fuel. The invention also relates to a fuel processing method comprising the steps of: providing fuel processing equipment, wherein the fuel processing equipment comprises a preheating chamber, a cyclone separator and a material returning device, the preheating chamber, the cyclone separator and the material returning device form a circulation loop, the lower side wall of the preheating chamber is provided with a powder feeding port, and the bottom of the preheating chamber is provided with a fluidized air port; feeding powder feeding air into a preheating chamber from the powder feeding port, wherein the powder feeding air carries powdery fuel; and conveying fluidized air into the preheating chamber from the fluidized air port, wherein the fluidized air does not carry powdery fuel. The fluidized air and the powder feeding air form primary air of the preheating chamber. The invention also relates to a powder feeding unit, a fuel treatment device and a circulating fluidized bed boiler.

Description

Air-powder regulation and control method and equipment for preheating chamber of circulating fluidized bed
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the field of boilers, in particular to a powder feeding method of a preheating chamber of a circulating fluidized bed, a fuel processing method, a powder feeding unit, fuel processing equipment and a circulating fluidized bed boiler.
Background
Coal is the main fossil energy of China, wherein bituminous coal is the main coal used for burning Chinese power station boilers and industrial boilers, and anthracite coal has the defects of difficult ignition, poor ignition stability under low load and NO (NO) due to low volatile contentxAnd the like. The coal chemical industry generates a large amount of byproducts, such as pyrolysis semicoke, gasification carbon residue and the like, every year, the fuels still have high carbon content and calorific value, and the combustion is one of the most effective modes for recycling the fuels. However, such fuels tend to have lower volatile contents than anthracite, which presents more serious problems than anthracite. Therefore, how to realize clean and efficient combustion utilization of the low-volatile carbon-based fuel becomes a key technical bottleneck restricting the industrial application of clean and efficient gradient utilization of coal, and a solution is urgently needed.
Chinese patent CN201410367608 proposes a pulverized fuel self-preheating device and method, and a pulverized fuel combustion boiler system. The method is based on the circulating fluidized bed combustion technology, and provides a self-preheating method for powdery fuel. In this configuration, the primary air serves mainly three purposes: firstly, conveying fuel; maintaining the fluidization of bed materials in the preheating chamber of the circulating fluidized bed; and participating in chemical reaction in the preheating chamber. The primary air is regulated within a certain range by exerting the three functions simultaneously, so that the load regulation range is also limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made to alleviate or solve at least one of the above-mentioned problems of the pulverized coal boiler.
According to an aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, the present invention provides a powder feeding method of a circulating fluidized bed preheating chamber, comprising the steps of:
feeding powder air into the preheating chamber from the side wall of the lower part of the preheating chamber, wherein the powder air carries powdery fuel; and
and conveying fluidized air into the preheating chamber from the bottom of the preheating chamber, wherein the fluidized air does not carry powdery fuel, and the fluidized air and the powder conveying air form primary air of the preheating chamber.
Embodiments of the present invention also relate to a fuel processing method, comprising the steps of:
providing fuel processing equipment, wherein the fuel processing equipment comprises a preheating chamber, a cyclone separator and a material returning device, the preheating chamber, the cyclone separator and the material returning device form a circulation loop, the lower side wall of the preheating chamber is provided with a powder feeding port, and the bottom of the preheating chamber is provided with a fluidized air port;
feeding powder feeding air into a preheating chamber from the powder feeding port, wherein the powder feeding air carries powdery fuel;
and conveying fluidized air into the preheating chamber from the fluidized air port, wherein the fluidized air does not carry powdery fuel, and the fluidized air and the powder conveying air form primary air of the preheating chamber.
The embodiment of the invention also relates to a powder feeding unit which comprises a circulating fluidized bed preheating chamber, wherein a powder feeding port is arranged on the side wall of the preheating chamber, a fluidized air port is arranged at the bottom of the preheating chamber and is suitable for being communicated with powder feeding air for conveying powdery fuel, the fluidized air port is suitable for being communicated with fluidized air, the fluidized air port is not used for conveying the powdery fuel, and the fluidized air and the powder feeding air form primary air of the preheating chamber.
Embodiments of the present invention also relate to a fuel processing apparatus, comprising:
the powder feeding unit;
a cyclone separator;
a material returning device is arranged on the material returning device,
wherein:
the preheating chamber, the cyclone separator and the material returning device form a circulating loop, and the material returning device is communicated with a material returning port of the preheating chamber through a material returning leg.
The invention also relates to a circulating fluidized bed boiler comprising: the fuel processing equipment and the hearth, wherein: the outlet of the cyclone separator is communicated with the hearth.
Drawings
FIG. 1A is a schematic view of a fuel processing apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, showing a height h and an angle θ;
FIG. 1B is a schematic view of the fuel processing apparatus of FIG. 1A, showing two dimensions D and D';
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a fuel processing apparatus according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further specifically described by the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings. In the specification, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar components. The following description of the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings is intended to explain the general inventive concept of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
The amount of air entering the preheating chamber of the circulating fluidized bed is Q1The air entering the preheating chamber and the powdered fuel are partially combusted to generate heat, so that self-preheating can be realized, and the temperature of the preheating chamber is maintained at 600-1300 ℃. The temperature of the preheating chamber is determined by the ratio of fuel to air, the greater the amount of air, the higher the combustion fraction of the fuel and the higher the temperature of the preheating chamber.
The invention leads primary air Q entering a preheating chamber of a circulating fluidized bed1Can be divided into powder feeding air QsAnd fluidized wind QfTwo parts, i.e. Q1＝Qs+Qf. The circulating fluidized bed preheating chamber realizes self-preheating by means of heat generated by partial combustion of air entering the preheating chamber and powdery fuel, and the temperature of the preheating chamber is maintained at 600-1300 ℃. The temperature of the preheating chamber is determined by the ratio of fuel to air, the amount of airThe greater the combustion fraction of the fuel, the higher the preheating chamber temperature. Therefore, to maintain the self-preheating at a reasonable temperature level (600-1300 ℃), the air entering the preheating chamber is required to be maintained within a certain range, i.e. the air entering the preheating chamber is in the range of Q1min～Q1max. In the invention, the minimum value of the powder feeding air is Q for ensuring smooth and stable powder feedingsmin(ii) a The minimum value of the fluidizing air is Q for ensuring the stable fluidizing state of the preheating chamber of the circulating fluidized bedfminThus Q1min＝Qsmin+Qfmin. Above the minimum value, when air-powder adjustment is needed, the powder feeding air and the fluidizing air can be independently adjusted, so that the whole combustion system is adjusted more flexibly.
In the invention, the primary air of the circulating fluidized bed preheating chamber is divided into the powder feeding air and the fluidizing air and is respectively controlled, so that the powder feeding air quantity and the powder feeding load of the circulating fluidized bed preheating chamber can be flexibly adjusted, the adjusting range is wide, the temperature of the circulating fluidized bed preheating chamber is easy to control, and the operation stability of the preheating chamber is good.
In the invention, the fluidized air does not carry powdery fuel, so that the abrasion of the air chamber, the air pipe and the air cap can be avoided. In the invention, because the powder feeding air and the fluidizing air are respectively controlled, the load adjusting range and flexibility of the preheating chamber and the whole combustion system can be improved, and the temperature of the preheating chamber is easy to control, so that the system is stable in operation.
The invention is illustrated below with reference to fig. 1A, 1B and 2.
As shown in fig. 1A and 1B, the air entering the preheating chamber of the circulating fluidized bed is divided into two paths: the powder feeding air and the fluidized air form primary air of the preheating chamber. The powder air carries the powder fuel and enters the preheating chamber from the side wall of the preheating chamber of the circulating fluidized bed. The fluidized air enters the preheating chamber from the bottom of the preheating chamber to participate in fluidization.
The vertical position of the powder feeding port on the side wall of the preheating chamber of the circulating fluidized bed is as follows: and the distance is 0-3 d (or not more than 3d) higher than the material returning port 4, wherein d is the inner diameter of the material returning leg 5. The distance here is the vertical distance between the center of the material returning opening and the center of the powder feeding opening. The center of the material returning port is the geometric center of the material returning port, for example, in the case that the material returning port is a circle, the center of the material returning port is the center of the circle. A similar understanding is made of the center of the powder feed port.
As can be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the powder feed port is located so as not to coincide with the return port in the circumferential direction (i.e., along the circumferential direction of the preheating chamber).
When entering the preheating chamber, the powder feeding air is in a downward inclined jet flow, and the angle theta between the tail end of the powder feeding pipe 6 and the vertical direction follows the following rule:
Figure BDA0002481203790000041
the rule is suitable for the condition that the bottom of a preheating chamber is provided with an air chamber, and the depth of the air chamber is smaller than the depth of the preheating chamber along the jet flow direction of powder feeding air, wherein D is the depth of the preheating chamber along the transverse component direction of the jet flow direction of the powder feeding air, the depth of the preheating chamber is the horizontal distance between the center of a powder feeding port and the intersection point of the transverse component direction and the wall of the preheating chamber opposite to the center, D' is the depth of the air chamber along the transverse component direction of the jet flow direction of the powder feeding air, the depth of the air chamber is the horizontal distance between the transverse component direction and the intersection point of the wall of the air chamber, h is the vertical height between the center of the powder feeding port and a fluidizing air outlet, and in the invention, under the condition that the air chamber is arranged, the fluidizing air outlet corresponds to the upper edge of the air; or
Figure BDA0002481203790000042
The rule is suitable for the condition that no air chamber is arranged at the bottom of the preheating chamber or the depth of the air chamber in the powder feeding air jet flow direction is the same as the depth of the preheating chamber, wherein D is the depth of the preheating chamber in the transverse component direction of the powder feeding air jet flow direction as shown in figure 1B, the depth of the preheating chamber is the horizontal distance from the center of the powder feeding port to the intersection point of the transverse component direction and the preheating chamber wall opposite to the center, and h is the vertical height from the center of the powder feeding port to the fluidized air outlet as shown in figure 1A.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the speed of the powder feeding wind is: 10 to 40 m/s.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the pulverized fuel to the air in the pulverized air is 0.3 to 8.0kg of the pulverized fuel to 1m3Air.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the fluidizing air volume, the powder feeding air volume, and the fuel amount may be independently adjusted.
The total air volume in the preheating chamber is adjusted on the principle that the temperature in the preheating chamber can be maintained within 600-1300 ℃. The relationship between the temperature in the preheating chamber and the total air volume is as follows: the higher the air quantity, the higher the temperature, but the nonlinear change. When air volume distribution is carried out, firstly, the fuel quantity is determined according to the load required by operation, and then the total air volume in the preheating chamber can be determined according to the required operation temperature after the fuel quantity is determined. After the total air quantity is determined, the ratio of the powder fuel of the powder air to the powder air is 0.3-8.0 kg of the powder fuel to 1m3And (4) determining the powder feeding air quantity according to the fuel quantity by taking the air as a standard, and distributing the residual air quantity to the fluidized air. The adjustment standard of the fluidization air quantity is as follows: the fluidization speed in the lifting pipe of the preheating chamber is ensured to be 0.5-8.0 m/s.
It is to be noted that, in the present invention, each numerical range, except when explicitly indicated as not including the end points, can be either the end points or the median of each numerical range, and all fall within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention also provides a powder feeding unit, which can feed powder by the above-mentioned powder feeding method, and the powder feeding unit comprises a circulating fluidized bed preheating chamber, and two paths of air, namely powder feeding air and fluidizing air, wherein the powder feeding air is connected with the side wall of the preheating chamber through a powder feeding pipe, and the fluidizing air is connected with the bottom of the preheating chamber through a fluidizing air pipe.
The powder feeding air can be not only one path, but also two paths or more paths. The structure of fig. 2 is different from that shown in fig. 1, and fig. 2 shows two ways of powder feeding wind. The diameter of each powder feeding pipe is smaller than that of the powder feeding pipe during single-way powder feeding, and the lowest powder feeding air volume can be lower than that during single-way powder feeding under the condition that the lowest powder feeding air speed is not changed. When the load is lower, only one path of powder feeding air can be started, namely, the minimum value of the powder feeding air quantity is further reduced, and further the load regulation lower limit of the whole system is further reduced. When the load is higher, the multi-path powder feeding can be started simultaneously so as to achieve the powder feeding amount required by the load increase. The scheme further widens the system load adjusting range and improves the wind powder adjusting flexibility.
Based on the above, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
1. a powder feeding method of a circulating fluidized bed preheating chamber comprises the following steps:
feeding powder air into the preheating chamber from the side wall of the lower part of the preheating chamber, wherein the powder air carries powdery fuel; and
and conveying fluidized air into the preheating chamber from the bottom of the preheating chamber, wherein the fluidized air does not carry powdery fuel, and the fluidized air and the powder conveying air form primary air of the preheating chamber.
2. A method of fuel processing comprising the steps of:
providing fuel processing equipment, wherein the fuel processing equipment comprises a preheating chamber, a cyclone separator and a material returning device, the preheating chamber, the cyclone separator and the material returning device form a circulation loop, the lower side wall of the preheating chamber is provided with a powder feeding port, and the bottom of the preheating chamber is provided with a fluidized air port;
feeding powder feeding air into a preheating chamber from the powder feeding port, wherein the powder feeding air carries powdery fuel;
and conveying fluidized air into the preheating chamber from the fluidized air port, wherein the fluidized air does not carry powdery fuel, and the fluidized air and the powder conveying air form primary air of the preheating chamber.
3. The method of 1 or 2, wherein:
the speed of the powder air is 10-40 m/s, and the ratio of the powder fuel to the air in the powder air is 0.3-8.0 kg of the powder fuel to 1m3Air; and/or
Selecting the fluidization air quantity to ensure that the fluidization speed in the preheating chamber is 0.5-0.8 m/s; and/or
Selecting the air quantity of the fluidized air and the powder feeding air, and selecting the quantity of the powder fuel carried by the powder feeding air, and maintaining the temperature in the preheating chamber within the range of 600-1300 ℃.
4. The method of 1 or 2, wherein:
the air quantity of the powder feeding air ensures stable powder feeding, the air quantity of the fluidized air ensures stable fluidization state in the preheating chamber, and the fluidized air quantity and the powder feeding air quantity can be independently adjusted.
5. A powder feeding unit comprises a circulating fluidized bed preheating chamber, wherein a powder feeding port is formed in the side wall of the preheating chamber, a fluidized air port is formed in the bottom of the preheating chamber and is suitable for being communicated with powder feeding air for conveying powdery fuel, the fluidized air port is suitable for being communicated with fluidized air, the fluidized air port is not used for conveying the powdery fuel, and the fluidized air and the powder feeding air form primary air of the preheating chamber.
6. The powder feeding unit according to claim 5, wherein:
the powder feeding ports comprise at least two powder feeding ports which are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction and/or at intervals in the vertical direction.
7. The powder feeding unit according to claim 5, further comprising:
the first control unit is used for controlling the flow of the powder feeding air, and the second control unit is used for controlling the flow of the fluidized air.
8. The powder feeding unit according to 7, wherein:
the powder feeding port comprises at least two powder feeding ports;
the first control unit is suitable for respectively controlling the air volume entering the at least two powder feeding ports.
9. A fuel processing apparatus comprising:
the powder feeding unit according to any one of 5 to 8;
a cyclone separator;
a material returning device is arranged on the material returning device,
wherein:
the preheating chamber, the cyclone separator and the material returning device form a circulating loop, and the material returning device is communicated with a material returning port of the preheating chamber through a material returning leg.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein:
the powder feeding port is not positioned at the same height on the side wall of the preheating chamber as the powder returning port is positioned on the side wall of the preheating chamber.
11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein:
the powder feeding port is arranged on the side wall of the preheating chamber and is vertically and highly discharged from the return port by a distance which is not more than 3d, wherein d is the inner diameter of the return leg.
12. The apparatus of any of claims 9-11, wherein:
the equipment also comprises a powder feeding pipe connected with the air supply outlet, the powder feeding air is suitable for entering the preheating chamber in a mode of oblique downward jet flow through the powder feeding pipe, and an angle theta between the tail end of the powder feeding pipe and the vertical direction follows the following rule:
Figure BDA0002481203790000071
wherein: an air chamber is arranged at the bottom of the preheating chamber, and the depth of the air chamber in the transverse component direction of the powder feeding air jet flow direction is smaller than that of the preheating chamber, wherein D is the depth of the preheating chamber in the transverse component direction of the powder feeding air jet flow direction, D' is the depth of the air chamber in the transverse component direction of the powder feeding air jet flow direction, and h is the vertical height from the center of the powder feeding port to the fluidized air outlet; or
Figure BDA0002481203790000072
Wherein: the bottom of the preheating chamber is not provided with an air chamber or the depth of the air chamber along the jet flow direction of the powder feeding air is the same as the depth of the preheating chamber, wherein D is the depth of the preheating chamber along the jet flow direction of the powder feeding air, and h is the vertical height from the center of the powder feeding port to the fluidized air outlet.
13. A circulating fluidized bed boiler, comprising:
the fuel processing apparatus according to any one of claims 9 to 12; and
a furnace chamber is arranged in the furnace chamber,
wherein:
the outlet of the cyclone separator is communicated with the hearth.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it would be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes may be made in these embodiments and combinations of elements without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (13)

1. A powder feeding method of a circulating fluidized bed preheating chamber comprises the following steps:
feeding powder air into the preheating chamber from the side wall of the lower part of the preheating chamber, wherein the powder air carries powdery fuel; and
and conveying fluidized air into the preheating chamber from the bottom of the preheating chamber, wherein the fluidized air does not carry powdery fuel, and the fluidized air and the powder conveying air form primary air of the preheating chamber.
2. A method of fuel processing comprising the steps of:
providing fuel processing equipment, wherein the fuel processing equipment comprises a preheating chamber, a cyclone separator and a material returning device, the preheating chamber, the cyclone separator and the material returning device form a circulation loop, the lower side wall of the preheating chamber is provided with a powder feeding port, and the bottom of the preheating chamber is provided with a fluidized air port;
feeding powder feeding air into a preheating chamber from the powder feeding port, wherein the powder feeding air carries powdery fuel;
and conveying fluidized air into the preheating chamber from the fluidized air port, wherein the fluidized air does not carry powdery fuel, and the fluidized air and the powder conveying air form primary air of the preheating chamber.
3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein:
the speed of the powder air is 10-40 m/s, and the ratio of the powder fuel to the air in the powder air is 0.3-8.0 kg of the powder fuel to 1m3Air; and/or
Selecting the fluidization air quantity to ensure that the fluidization speed in the preheating chamber is 0.5-0.8 m/s; and/or
Selecting the air quantity of the fluidized air and the powder feeding air, and selecting the quantity of the powder fuel carried by the powder feeding air, and maintaining the temperature in the preheating chamber within the range of 600-1300 ℃.
4. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein:
the air quantity of the powder feeding air ensures stable powder feeding, the air quantity of the fluidized air ensures stable fluidization state in the preheating chamber, and the fluidized air quantity and the powder feeding air quantity can be independently adjusted.
5. A powder feeding unit comprises a circulating fluidized bed preheating chamber, wherein a powder feeding port is formed in the side wall of the preheating chamber, a fluidized air port is formed in the bottom of the preheating chamber and is suitable for being communicated with powder feeding air for conveying powdery fuel, the fluidized air port is suitable for being communicated with fluidized air, the fluidized air port is not used for conveying the powdery fuel, and the fluidized air and the powder feeding air form primary air of the preheating chamber.
6. The powder feed unit of claim 5, wherein:
the powder feeding ports comprise at least two powder feeding ports which are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction and/or at intervals in the vertical direction.
7. The powder feed unit of claim 5, further comprising:
the first control unit is used for controlling the flow of the powder feeding air, and the second control unit is used for controlling the flow of the fluidized air.
8. The powder feed unit of claim 7, wherein:
the powder feeding port comprises at least two powder feeding ports;
the first control unit is suitable for respectively controlling the air volume entering the at least two powder feeding ports.
9. A fuel processing apparatus comprising:
the powder feeding unit according to any one of claims 5 to 8;
a cyclone separator;
a material returning device is arranged on the material returning device,
wherein:
the preheating chamber, the cyclone separator and the material returning device form a circulating loop, and the material returning device is communicated with a material returning port of the preheating chamber through a material returning leg.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein:
the powder feeding port is not positioned at the same height on the side wall of the preheating chamber as the powder returning port is positioned on the side wall of the preheating chamber.
11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein:
the powder feeding port is arranged on the side wall of the preheating chamber and is vertically and highly discharged from the return port by a distance which is not more than 3d, wherein d is the inner diameter of the return leg.
12. The apparatus of any one of claims 9-11, wherein:
the equipment also comprises a powder feeding pipe connected with the air supply outlet, the powder feeding air is suitable for entering the preheating chamber in a mode of oblique downward jet flow through the powder feeding pipe, and an angle theta between the tail end of the powder feeding pipe and the vertical direction follows the following rule:
Figure FDA0002481203780000021
wherein: an air chamber is arranged at the bottom of the preheating chamber, and the depth of the air chamber in the transverse component direction of the powder feeding air jet flow direction is smaller than that of the preheating chamber, wherein D is the depth of the preheating chamber in the transverse component direction of the powder feeding air jet flow direction, D' is the depth of the air chamber in the transverse component direction of the powder feeding air jet flow direction, and h is the vertical height from the center of the powder feeding port to the fluidized air outlet; or
Figure FDA0002481203780000031
Wherein: the bottom of the preheating chamber is not provided with an air chamber or the depth of the air chamber along the jet flow direction of the powder feeding air is the same as the depth of the preheating chamber, wherein D is the depth of the preheating chamber along the jet flow direction of the powder feeding air, and h is the vertical height from the center of the powder feeding port to the fluidized air outlet.
13. A circulating fluidized bed boiler, comprising:
the fuel processing apparatus according to any one of claims 9 to 12; and
a furnace chamber is arranged in the furnace chamber,
wherein:
the outlet of the cyclone separator is communicated with the hearth.
CN202010379016.3A 2020-05-07 2020-05-07 Air-powder regulation and control method and equipment for preheating chamber of circulating fluidized bed Pending CN111550776A (en)

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