CN111550322B - Gasoline engine starting method combining variable oil injection strategy with waste gas energy utilization - Google Patents

Gasoline engine starting method combining variable oil injection strategy with waste gas energy utilization Download PDF

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CN111550322B
CN111550322B CN202010324262.9A CN202010324262A CN111550322B CN 111550322 B CN111550322 B CN 111550322B CN 202010324262 A CN202010324262 A CN 202010324262A CN 111550322 B CN111550322 B CN 111550322B
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gasoline engine
fuel
temperature
starting
cylinder
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CN111550322A (en
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陈韬
石皓天
药卓效
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Tianjin University
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Tianjin University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
    • F02D41/40—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
    • F02D41/402—Multiple injections
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
    • F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
    • F02D13/0203—Variable control of intake and exhaust valves
    • F02D13/0215—Variable control of intake and exhaust valves changing the valve timing only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
    • F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
    • F02D13/0261—Controlling the valve overlap
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
    • F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
    • F02D13/0261—Controlling the valve overlap
    • F02D13/0265—Negative valve overlap for temporarily storing residual gas in the cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
    • F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
    • F02D13/0276—Actuation of an additional valve for a special application, e.g. for decompression, exhaust gas recirculation or cylinder scavenging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D37/00—Non-electrical conjoint control of two or more functions of engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02D37/02—Non-electrical conjoint control of two or more functions of engines, not otherwise provided for one of the functions being ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0002—Controlling intake air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D41/0047—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR]
    • F02D41/006—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] using internal EGR
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • F02D41/06—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up
    • F02D41/062—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up for starting
    • F02D41/064—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up for starting at cold start
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/1446—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being exhaust temperatures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/1446—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being exhaust temperatures
    • F02D41/1447—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being exhaust temperatures with determination means using an estimation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P5/00—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor
    • F02P5/04—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions
    • F02P5/145—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions using electrical means
    • F02P5/15—Digital data processing
    • F02P5/1502—Digital data processing using one central computing unit
    • F02P5/1504—Digital data processing using one central computing unit with particular means during a transient phase, e.g. acceleration, deceleration, gear change
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a gasoline engine starting method combining a variable oil injection strategy with waste gas energy utilization. Under the working condition of cold start of the gasoline engine, the negative valve overlap angle is set through the variable valve mechanism. In-cylinder fuel direct injection is performed during the negative valve overlap period. According to the starting water temperature, the negative valve overlap period of the gasoline engine is controlled to spray fuel oil with different proportions, and the fuel combustibility and flame propagation speed under the starting working condition are improved by utilizing the energy of waste gas. The invention can effectively reduce harmful emission and fuel consumption during cold start, has small change to the original engine, and pertinently improves the emission performance under the starting environment of the gasoline engine.

Description

Gasoline engine starting method combining variable oil injection strategy with waste gas energy utilization
Technical Field
The invention relates to a gasoline engine combustion control technology.
Background
The cold start working condition of the gasoline engine is the worst working condition in the combustion process. Gasoline engines equipped with a three-way catalytic after-processor, in federal test procedure FTP75, 80% of HC, CO emissions come from the cold start phase. The concentration, temperature and mixing degree of fuel-air mixture, combustion reaction degree and the like all have obvious influence on the combustion process of the gasoline engine in the cold start process. For the quick and reliable start-up of the gasoline engine, excessive fuel is required to be provided during the start-up process, the problem that the fuel is difficult to ignite due to atomization and poor mixing effect of the fuel is solved, so that a rich mixture is formed, and further, a large amount of incomplete oxidation products or even unburned fuel is discharged, and further, a large amount of unburned hydrocarbons are discharged. In alpine regions, the problem is more prominent, even the problem that ignition is difficult to cause and ignition cannot be started occurs, and the emission is further worsened in the starting process. Therefore, emission control of a cold start of a gasoline engine faces a great challenge.
At present, the research on cold start of gasoline engines at home and abroad mainly adopts a method for controlling the quantity of compensation oil to optimize the concentration of combustible mixed gas formed in a cylinder, and the method comprises the following steps: the method can ensure the reliability of starting ignition by a mode of complementing fuel supply quantity, but still cannot solve the problems of high fuel consumption and emission caused by a large amount of un-atomized or incompletely combusted fuel in a cold state, only can expect quick ignition to shorten the starting time and improve the working temperature of the gasoline engine, thereby entering a normal working mode as soon as possible, and still causing the emission of a large amount of pollutants under the starting working condition. For the problems of oil consumption and emission control in the cold starting process, the current research mainly takes a mode of storing and discharging tail gas under the starting working condition and then performing centralized treatment, but in practice, a device for storing gas can bring the problems of excessive weight, limited installation space, low cost-to-efficiency ratio and increased cost, and is difficult to apply. Therefore, the development of a quick and effective fuel and emission control method in the starting process of the gasoline engine has important practical significance and urgent practical requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the cold start emission problem of the gasoline engine, the invention provides a gasoline engine starting method combining a variable oil injection strategy with exhaust gas energy utilization, which can be applied to a four-stroke gasoline engine simultaneously having spark ignition, direct fuel injection in a cylinder and a variable valve mechanism, namely the gasoline engine has the specific functions of: a negative valve overlap period may be formed by the variable valve motion function, i.e., when the exhaust valve closing timing is before the intake valve opening timing; the period from the closing moment of the exhaust valve to the opening moment of the intake valve is called a negative valve overlap period, so that high-temperature waste gas generated by last cycle combustion can be reserved by the gas distribution parameters, and combustible incomplete combustion products can also be stored in the high-temperature waste gas in the starting process; the fuel injection can be carried out in the cylinder with the waste gas in the negative valve overlap period by the direct injection mode in the cylinder, the fuel supply quantity is all or part of the fuel quantity required by combustion, and the specific fuel quantity is determined by the starting temperature; the problem of poor fuel atomization during cold start is solved by using the heat of the exhaust gas, when the temperature of the exhaust gas rises and causes the temperature in the cylinder to rise to a certain degree in a negative valve overlap period (the temperature in the cylinder reaches 800K when a top dead center is compressed), the high-temperature exhaust gas can also cause direct injection fuel to carry out reforming reaction to generate micromolecule hydrocarbon components or oxygen-containing compounds which are easy to catch fire, the combustibility and flame propagation speed of combustible mixed gas mixed with air are obviously improved, the combustion stability and completeness are improved, the economy is improved, and the pollutant emission is reduced; in the compression stroke period of the gasoline engine, supplementing the fuel quantity required by combustion in a direct injection mode (when the fuel injection quantity in the negative valve overlap period is part) to form required combustible mixed gas; while igniting the mixture at a reasonable time using spark ignition.
The energy of the trapped exhaust gas during the negative valve overlap period may increase the rate of fuel atomization during the negative valve overlap period of all start-up cycles. The fuel injection atomization rate in the negative valve overlap period is improved, the in-cylinder temperature in the compression stage is also improved, and the atomization rate of the fuel injected for the second time in the cylinder is improved. As the inter-cycle energy accumulates, the in-cylinder temperature continues to rise and the rate of atomization of the second in-cylinder injection of fuel continues to improve.
The first oil injection cycle in the starting working condition can retain the compressed air in the last non-oil injection cycle in a negative valve overlapping mode, so that the in-cylinder temperature of the first oil injection cycle when fuel oil and fresh air are mixed is improved, and the atomization rate of the circulating fuel oil is improved. Waste gas generated in the previous cycle is continuously reserved in the starting process through a negative valve overlapping strategy, so that heat accumulation is realized, and on the basis of further improving the temperature in the cylinder when fuel oil and air are mixed, the combustibility of mixed gas in the cylinder and the completeness of combustion are improved by using incomplete combustion products reserved in the waste gas. With the starting process, as the residual exhaust gas has the transferring and accumulating functions among the cycles, the temperature in the cylinder is continuously increased in the negative overlapping period in the next cycle, the atomization condition of the mixed gas is continuously improved, the atomization rate is continuously increased, and the completeness of combustion is also continuously improved.
With the negative valve overlap angle strategy, a significant amount of combustion products may remain in the cylinder for the last cycle. The mass of exhaust gas remaining can amount to a maximum of 50% of the total mass in the cylinder, including large amounts of unburned hydrocarbons and completely unburned fuel from the previous cycle, which are burned with newly injected fuel in the new cycle. Compared with the traditional gasoline engine, the process is characterized in that the total amount of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas discharged by the gasoline engine in each circulation is obviously reduced compared with the actual generated amount due to the fact that partial incomplete oxidation products are left in the exhaust gas, and pollutant discharge of the gasoline engine under the cold starting working condition is optimized; meanwhile, a large amount of incompletely combusted combustion intermediate products exist in the previous cycle, so that the incomplete combusted combustion intermediate products can be more sufficiently combusted in the next cycle, the combustion efficiency is obviously improved, unburned hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide in exhaust gas discharged by the gasoline engine in each cycle are reduced compared with the previous cycle, and the pollutant emission and the fuel economy of the cold start working condition of the gasoline engine are improved.
In the starting process, the temperature of gas in the cylinder can be improved and the fuel atomization rate can be improved by intercepting the combustion products of the previous cycle; the fuel activity of the combustible can be increased by the reforming reaction in the negative valve stage. On the premise of cold start with the same ignition energy, the method can improve the combustibility of the combustible mixture, further improve the ignition success rate and ignition reliability, and improve the starting performance of the gasoline engine under low temperature conditions, particularly extremely low temperature conditions.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for starting a gasoline engine by combining a variable oil injection strategy with exhaust gas energy utilization, wherein the gasoline engine is a four-stroke gasoline engine, each cylinder of the gasoline engine is provided with a spark plug, a direct oil injector in the cylinder and an electrically controlled variable valve timing mechanism with at least one inlet valve and one exhaust valve, and the gasoline engine has direct or indirect monitoring capability on exhaust temperature; under this gasoline engine starting condition, according to the ambient temperature when starting, spray the fuel of equidimension under the overlap angle of negative valve, and then realize the burning and improve: under the cold starting condition of the gasoline engine, a valve overlap negative angle is set through a variable valve mechanism, part of fuel oil is directly injected into a cylinder in the negative valve overlap period in the starting process, the temperature in the cylinder during starting is improved by reserving waste gas, atomization is improved, and the newly injected fuel is initiated to generate a reforming reaction to generate micromolecule hydrocarbon or generate a partial oxidation reaction with incomplete combustion products and residual oxygen reserved in the waste gas to generate micromolecule oxygen-containing compounds in the negative valve overlap angle period, so that the ignitability and the flame propagation speed of the gasoline engine mixed gas under the starting condition are improved, and the economy and the emission of the gasoline engine are improved; other fuel oil is also sprayed into the cylinder in a compression stroke in a direct injection mode, and the whole fuel oil quantity required in the combustion process is complemented while the high temperature generated in the compression process is utilized to improve the atomization effect of the mixed gas; with the successful ignition of the gasoline engine in the starting process, the combustion tends to be stable, the exhaust temperature rises, and the fuel injection quantity during the negative valve overlap angle is correspondingly reduced according to the rise of the exhaust temperature.
Further, the method for starting the gasoline engine by combining the variable fuel injection strategy with the exhaust gas energy utilization of the present invention is shown in fig. 3, and when the cooling water temperature of the gasoline engine is lower than 25 ℃, the gasoline engine is started through the following steps:
step one, enabling an air inlet valve and an air outlet valve to form a negative valve overlap angle through a variable valve mechanism, and reserving internal waste gas; the negative valve overlap angle is generated by a calibration process and is between 60 and 100 CA degrees;
step two, when the gasoline engine is in a negative valve overlap period, injecting part or all of fuel in the cycle into the cylinder through the in-cylinder direct fuel injector, wherein the injection time is 10 degrees CA or an exhaust top dead center after an exhaust valve is closed to form reforming high-temperature mixed gas; the residual waste gas is utilized to improve the atomization effect of the fuel oil, promote the generation of combustible mixed gas and reduce the quantity of the fuel oil which is sprayed into the cylinder, cannot be mixed and participates in combustion. When the temperature in the cylinder reaches or exceeds 800K in the negative valve overlap period, the fuel oil sprayed into the cylinder can be induced to carry out reforming reaction, the atomized fuel oil can carry out cracking reaction under the action of high temperature to generate micromolecular hydrocarbon, and can further react with incomplete oxidation products and residual oxygen remained in the waste gas to generate further micromolecular oxygen-containing compounds, so that the activity of the mixed gas and the flame propagation speed are improved while the temperature of the mixed gas is improved; the proportion of the initial fuel injected into the cylinder by the direct fuel injector in the cylinder is closely related to the starting water temperature, and when the cooling water temperature is reduced, the quantity of the initial fuel injected into the cylinder in the negative valve overlap period is increased, and the quantity of the fuel mixed and reacted with the air-waste gas is increased.
The relation between the initial fuel ratio of the direct injector in the cylinder and the starting water temperature comprises the following steps: when the starting water temperature is lower than-20 ℃, the proportion of fuel injected in the negative valve overlap period is 1; when the starting water temperature is-20 ℃ to 0 ℃ (excluding 0 ℃), the proportion of fuel injected in the negative valve overlap period is 0.8; when the starting water temperature is 0-10 ℃ (excluding 10 ℃), the proportion of fuel injected in the negative valve overlap period is 0.6; when the starting water temperature is 10-20 ℃, the proportion of fuel injected in the negative valve overlap period is 0.4; when the starting water temperature is 20 ℃ to 25 ℃, the fuel ratio of the injection in the negative valve overlap period is 0.2.
If all fuel is not injected into the negative valve overlap region, performing fuel supplementary injection into the cylinder through the in-cylinder direct fuel injector when the gasoline engine is in a compression stroke period, wherein the combustion top dead center is set to be 0 DEG CA, and the injection time is in the range of-90-0 DEG CA ATDC, so that a combustible and combustible air-fuel mixture is formed in the cylinder; the specific time is obtained by experimental calibration, so that combustible mixed gas with appropriate ratio of combustible to air is formed in the cylinder;
the injection time of the second in-cylinder injection should have the following characteristics: when the gasoline engine is in the initial stage of a cold start process, the temperature in the cylinder is too low, the effects of volume reduction and temperature pressure rise in the cylinder caused by the upward movement of a piston in the cylinder are fully utilized, oil is injected at the end of a compression stroke, the atomization of fuel is ensured, and the phenomenon that the wall is wet due to the low pressure in the cylinder is avoided; after the gasoline engine runs for a period of time, the pressure and temperature in the cylinder are raised, and the oil injection time is gradually advanced to the middle and later stages of the compression stroke.
Fourthly, igniting the air-fuel mixture by using the spark plug through one-time spark in a range of 0-20 degrees CA ATDC; the ignition moment is behind the combustion top dead center; the piston moves upwards to compress the mixed gas in the cylinder, so that the temperature of the mixed gas is increased, and the ignition of the mixed gas is facilitated; meanwhile, the ignition moment is placed behind the top dead center, so that the exhaust temperature is improved, the catalyst is heated quickly, the catalyst is put into operation earlier, pollutants discharged to atmosphere in the starting process are reduced, and the time required by the starting process is shortened.
Step five, in the process of cold start, through testing the exhaust temperature, the combustion state of the gasoline engine is evaluated, and the proportion of the oil injection quantity in the negative valve overlap period to the total oil injection quantity of the cycle is reduced; after the ignition is successfully and stably started, in the process of transition from the starting working condition to the idling working condition, according to the rising degree of the exhaust temperature, the fuel injection quantity of the negative valve in the overlap period is correspondingly reduced, the adverse effect of exhaust gas on the fuel and fresh charge mixing process is avoided, the high-efficiency and low-pollution combustion of the whole starting working condition is kept, and the control continuity of the stability, the economy and the emission performance of the combustion of the idling working condition is ensured.
With the successful ignition of the gasoline engine in the starting process, the combustion tends to be stable, the exhaust temperature rises, and the fuel injection quantity during the negative valve overlap angle is correspondingly reduced according to the rise of the exhaust temperature. Considering that the temperature in the cylinder continuously rises in the cold starting process, after the combustion tends to be stable, the negative valve fuel injection quantity with high proportion is always kept to be unfavorable for the efficiency of the combustion process and the pollutant control, so the combustion state in the cylinder needs to be evaluated through the exhaust temperature change, and the fuel injection quantity in the negative valve overlap angle is adjusted accordingly. Ways of adjustment include, but are not limited to: the real-time dynamic exhaust temperature is obtained through a direct test or indirect calculation mode, so that the magnitude of the fuel injection quantity in the negative valve overlap angle is dynamically and continuously adjusted and controlled along with the temperature change; the real-time dynamic exhaust temperature is obtained through a direct test or indirect calculation mode, so that discontinuous intermittent adjustment and control are carried out on the oil injection quantity in the negative valve overlap angle along with the temperature change; discontinuous exhaust temperature change is obtained through a direct test or indirect calculation method, and discontinuous control and other modes are correspondingly adopted for the oil injection quantity in the negative valve overlap angle. The specific control strategy is determined experimentally.
In the process of adjusting the fuel injection quantity in the negative valve overlap period, the method for obtaining the exhaust temperature comprises the following steps of: the direct test or indirect estimation mode of the exhaust temperature comprises the following steps: directly obtaining dynamic real-time exhaust temperature through an exhaust temperature sensor; establishing a relation between the obtained exhaust pressure and the exhaust temperature by using a functional relation through dynamic real-time parameters obtained by an exhaust pressure sensor, indirectly obtaining the size of the exhaust temperature, and further controlling the fuel injection quantity during the negative valve overlap angle; measuring the in-cylinder pressure at the opening moment of the exhaust valve through an in-cylinder pressure sensor, and calculating to obtain the exhaust temperature according to an ideal gas state equation; and establishing an exhaust temperature prediction model by actually measuring the starting experimental data of the gasoline engine.
Dynamic continuous valve overlap angle control measures may be employed. Firstly, determining the initial negative valve overlap period fuel injection quantity proportion according to the starting water temperature, and directly or indirectly carrying out real-time dynamic monitoring on the exhaust temperature by using an exhaust temperature sensor or an exhaust pressure sensor in the starting process to obtain the instantaneous value of the exhaust temperature. In the starting process, the obtained dynamic exhaust temperature is substituted into a relation between the negative valve overlap period fuel injection quantity proportion and the exhaust temperature, after the gasoline engine ECU calculates to obtain a specific numerical value of the negative valve overlap period fuel injection quantity proportion, the negative valve overlap period fuel injection quantity is obtained according to the total fuel injection quantity, and the direct injection fuel injector in the cylinder is regulated and controlled to inject fuel with corresponding mass. And gradually reducing the fuel injection quantity in the negative valve overlap period along with the rise of the exhaust temperature until the exhaust temperature reaches 300 ℃ or above and is maintained for 5s, and exiting the combustion control strategy in the starting process. Control measures for the amount of fuel injected within the overlap angle of the non-continuous negative valve may also be employed. Firstly, determining the size of oil injection quantity in an initial negative valve overlap angle according to the size of starting water temperature, and monitoring the exhaust temperature by using an exhaust temperature sensor or an exhaust pressure sensor in the starting process to obtain the size of the exhaust temperature. In the process of adjusting the fuel injection quantity in the negative valve overlap angle, fuel proportions of different quantities can be injected in the negative valve overlap period at exhaust temperatures in different ranges by delimiting the exhaust temperature.
The variable oil injection strategy is combined with the gasoline engine starting method of waste gas energy utilization, so that the energy generated in the working process of the gasoline engine is fully utilized by the gasoline engine under the cold starting condition, the temperature in the cylinder of the gasoline engine is increased, and the adverse effect of the low-temperature environment condition on the starting working condition combustion process is reduced; when the temperature of the cooling water reaches or is higher than 25 ℃, the gasoline engine enters a normal operation mode of the direct injection gasoline engine.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the energy of the retained waste gas can continuously improve the atomization effect of the direct injection fuel at the heavy pressure stage, and the fuel reforming reaction is initiated under certain conditions to crack and partially oxidize the fuel into micromolecule compounds with higher activity, so that the overall reaction activity of the mixed gas is improved, the flame propagation speed is obviously improved, and the ignition success rate and the ignition reliability are improved. And a large amount of combustion products of the previous cycle are reserved, so that the pollutant emission and the fuel economy of the cold start working condition of the gasoline engine are improved.
According to the environment temperature when starting, fuel oil with different proportions is injected in the negative valve overlap period of the gasoline engine to carry out fuel oil reforming reaction. When the temperature is low, the main aim of the negative valve overlap injection is to improve the atomization of fuel oil as much as possible and provide combustible mixed gas; at higher temperatures, the main objective of negative valve overlap injection is to take full advantage of fuel reforming, provide a chemically more flammable mixture, reduce fuel consumption during start-up, and increase exhaust temperature.
The fuel system of the gasoline direct injection engine has little change on the original engine, and only a variable valve mechanism and a direct injection injector which can realize the technical requirement are required to be arranged on a cylinder cover.
The invention adjusts the injection proportion according to the starting water temperature of the gasoline engine, effectively reduces the emission during the cold start, shortens the time required by the cold start, and pertinently improves the emission performance under various gasoline engine starting environments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a single cylinder gasoline engine system having in-cylinder direct injection capability and a variable valve train in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of valve timing for trapping exhaust gas with a negative valve overlap angle;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the implementation of the boot method;
in fig. 1: 1-working volume in cylinder, 2-piston, 3-connecting rod, 4-exhaust valve, 5-intake valve, 6-direct injection injector in cylinder and 7-spark plug.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The design idea of the invention is that in order to improve the combustion and emission conditions in the cold start stage, the temperature in the cylinder of the gasoline engine is reduced along with the reduction of the cold start water temperature of the gasoline engine, so that more fuel oil needs to be injected in the negative valve overlap period. The residual waste gas energy of the negative valve overlap strategy is utilized to enhance the atomization of fuel oil, even when the waste gas temperature is high enough, the fuel oil is initiated to be reformed, combustible and inflammable air-fuel mixture is produced, and the cold start emission performance of the gasoline engine is improved. The invention provides a combustion improving method for a cold start working condition of a gasoline engine, which is based on the gasoline engine with spark ignition, direct fuel injection in a cylinder and a variable valve mechanism, and under the cold start working condition (starting to stable idle speed) of the gasoline engine, fuel oil with different proportions is injected in a negative valve overlap period of the gasoline engine according to the starting water temperature, so that the atomization of the fuel oil is improved, the reforming reaction of the fuel oil is even initiated, and the temperature in the cylinder and the flammability of mixed gas are improved. And injecting fuel oil into the cylinder through the in-cylinder direct injection injector to form high-temperature modified mixed gas in the cylinder. And igniting the high-temperature homogeneous mixed gas by using a spark plug to form stable combustion. The invention can effectively reduce the emission during the cold start period and is suitable for various gasoline engine starting environments.
As shown in figure 1, the embodiment is a single-cylinder reciprocating four-stroke gasoline engine, a piston 2 is connected with a crankshaft through a connecting rod 3, and the change of the working volume 1 in the cylinder is realized through the reciprocating motion of the piston. The combustion chamber of a gasoline engine is provided with at least one inlet valve 5 and one exhaust valve 4. The direct injection oil injector 6 arranged on the cylinder cover of the gasoline engine can realize multiple times of oil injection in one working cycle. A spark plug 7 is mounted on the cylinder head of the gasoline engine for igniting the mixture in the cylinder.
Fig. 2 shows a valve timing diagram (i.e., a method of introducing internal residual exhaust gas), i.e., a negative valve overlap angle manner, of introducing internal residual exhaust gas. This means that the exhaust valve closing timing is before intake and exhaust top dead center and the intake valve opening timing is after intake and exhaust top dead center to create a negative valve overlap angle when the piston reaches near intake and exhaust top dead center so that part of the exhaust gas always remains in the cylinder. The control method of the invention is that fuel oil with different proportions is injected in the negative valve overlap period of the gasoline engine according to different starting environment temperatures of the gasoline engine, namely the starting water temperature, and the fuel oil injection proportion of the negative valve is adjusted by utilizing the exhaust temperature in the starting process. The exhaust gas temperature is utilized to heat the fuel, so that the fuel atomization is promoted, the fuel reforming reaction is even initiated, and the cold start emission performance of the gasoline engine in different environments is improved in a targeted manner. As the temperature of cold start water of the gasoline engine is reduced, the temperature in the cylinder of the gasoline engine is reduced, so that more fuel oil needs to be injected in a negative valve overlap period, and the energy of waste gas is fully utilized to improve the cold start emission performance of the gasoline engine.
When the starting environment temperature is equal to or lower than 25 ℃, the starting motor drives the rotation speed of the gasoline engine to 200r/min, and then fuel is injected in the negative valve overlap period. The parameters of the intake valve and the exhaust valve form a negative valve overlap angle through a variable valve mechanism, namely, the closing moment of the exhaust valve 4 is before the opening moment of the intake valve 5, and internal waste gas is reserved; different valve overlap angles are set through a variable valve mechanism, in-cylinder fuel is directly injected in a negative valve overlap period in the starting process, and fuel with different proportions is injected in the negative valve overlap period of the gasoline engine according to the starting water temperature; the energy of the waste gas is utilized to add the injected fuel oil to improve the atomization of the fuel oil, and when the temperature of the waste gas is further increased, the fuel oil reforming reaction can be initiated; and the ignitability of the mixture and the flame propagation speed are improved by using incomplete combustion products remaining in the exhaust gas and fuel reforming reaction, so that the in-cylinder temperature during combustion in the starting process is improved, and the hydrocarbon emission is improved. The specific process is as follows:
the intake and exhaust valves form a negative valve overlap angle through a variable valve technology, and internal waste gas is reserved; the negative valve overlap angle is generated by a calibration process and is between 60 and 100 CA degrees; according to the calibration experiment, the sample is 80 CA degrees.
When the gasoline engine is in a negative valve overlap period, gasoline with different proportions is injected into the cylinder in an in-cylinder direct injection mode through the in-cylinder direct injection fuel injector 6 in the negative valve overlap period of 340 CA ATDC; the temperature of the waste gas is utilized to improve the atomization and mixing of the fuel oil, and along with the continuous increase of the temperature of the waste gas, high-temperature reformed mixed gas is formed in the cylinder. The relationship between the initial fuel ratio injected in the negative valve overlap period and the start water temperature is shown in table 1.
And when the gasoline engine is in the later stage of a compression stroke, injecting the residual gasoline into the cylinder by the in-cylinder direct injection fuel injector 6 at-60 CA ATDC, thereby forming a combustible and combustible air-fuel mixture in the cylinder.
The homogeneous air-fuel mixture is ignited by spark-over at 20 ° CA ATDC by means of the spark plug 7, resulting in stable combustion. And setting the engine temperature to be 20-degree CA ATDC during the starting process until the rotation speed of the gasoline engine exceeds 750 r/min. After that, the ignition timing is advanced gradually according to the requirement of stable control of the rotation speed.
In the embodiment, two negative valve overlap angle oil injection quantity control strategies are adopted, and the first negative valve overlap angle oil injection quantity control strategy is a dynamic continuous negative valve overlap angle oil injection quantity control strategy. The gasoline engine is started at the water temperature of 0-10 ℃, and the relation between the fuel injection quantity ratio of the negative valve overlap angle and the exhaust temperature is set as y being 150/T, wherein T is the real-time exhaust temperature (unit: K), and y is the fuel injection quantity ratio of the negative valve overlap angle. In the cold starting process, the real-time dynamic exhaust temperature obtained by direct measurement of a temperature sensor or indirect calculation of a virtual sensor is substituted into the formula to obtain the negative valve overlap angle fuel injection quantity ratio, further the fuel injection quantity in the negative valve overlap period is calculated, and the corresponding fuel quantity injected by the direct injection fuel injector is controlled. For example, if the exhaust temperature obtained by the exhaust temperature sensor or the virtual sensor is 273K, and T is 273K and is substituted into the above equation, the real-time fuel injection amount ratio in the negative valve overlap period is 0.55, and if the total fuel injection amount in the current cycle is 30mg, the fuel injection amount in the negative valve overlap period is 0.55 × 30 — 16.5 mg. The control and calculation process is realized by the ECU of the gasoline engine. When the exhaust temperature changes dynamically, the injection proportion of the negative valve overlap period changes correspondingly. Therefore, dynamic adjustment of the fuel injection quantity is realized in the cold starting process, and the flexibility of the cold starting process is ensured.
When a maintained, discontinuous negative valve overlap angle injection control strategy is adopted, the injection during the negative valve is adjusted by the control strategy shown in table 2. In the cold starting process, after the exhaust temperature is obtained through direct measurement of a temperature sensor or indirect calculation of a virtual sensor, a specific fuel injection quantity value is obtained through table lookup, the direct injection fuel injector is controlled to inject corresponding fuel quantity into the cylinder, the adjustment of the fuel injection quantity during the negative valve overlap angle is realized, and the flexibility of the cold starting process is ensured. Where a denotes an initial injected fuel ratio of the negative valve overlap period determined in accordance with the activation water temperature.
For example, the gasoline engine is started at a water temperature of 0 ℃ to 10 ℃, and the mass ratio of the injected oil in the negative valve overlap period is 0.6 of the total oil mass in the cycle according to the table. When the exhaust temperature is monitored between 200 ℃ and 300 ℃ after a period of operation, the mass fraction of fuel injected during the negative valve overlap period becomes 0.6 x 0.6 to 0.36, as described in the table; when the exhaust temperature rises above 300 ℃, the mass fraction of fuel injected during the negative valve overlap period becomes 0.6 × 0.2 — 0.12. When the temperature of the cooling water reaches or is higher than 25 ℃, the strategy is not executed, and the gasoline engine enters a normal operation mode of the direct injection gasoline engine.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002462600310000081
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0002462600310000082
In summary, in the control method of the invention, when the starting environment temperature of the gasoline engine is lower, the internal waste gas is introduced in a negative valve overlap angle mode; and fuel oil is injected in the negative valve overlap period, the fuel oil atomization is improved by utilizing the energy of waste gas, and even the high-temperature reforming reaction of the fuel oil is initiated, so that the heat is released, and the temperature of the mixed gas is increased. The fuel-air mixture with improved ignition activity and temperature in the compression process avoids the direct discharge of the unmixed fuel out of the cylinder and the quenching phenomenon in the combustion, thereby reducing HC emission and CO emission. Meanwhile, the exhaust temperature of the gasoline engine is increased, so that the exhaust temperature rapidly reaches the ignition temperature of the three-way catalytic converter, the emission of the gasoline engine during cold start is further reduced, and the time required by the start of the gasoline engine is shortened. The control method is suitable for various gasoline engine starting environments.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are illustrative only and not restrictive, and various modifications which do not depart from the spirit of the present invention and which are intended to be covered by the claims of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art.

Claims (6)

1. A variable fuel injection strategy combines the gasoline engine starting method of the energy utilization of exhaust gas, wherein, the gasoline engine is a four-stroke gasoline engine of the electrically controlled variable valve timing mechanism that each cylinder is equipped with spark plug, direct fuel injector in the cylinder and at least one intake valve and one exhaust valve, and the gasoline engine has direct or indirect monitoring ability to the exhaust temperature; it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
under this gasoline engine starting condition, according to the ambient temperature when starting, spray the fuel of equidimension under the overlap angle of negative valve, and then realize the burning and improve:
under the cold starting condition of the gasoline engine, a valve overlap negative angle is set through a variable valve mechanism, part of fuel oil is directly injected into a cylinder in the negative valve overlap period in the starting process, the temperature in the cylinder during starting is improved by reserving waste gas, atomization is improved, and the newly injected fuel is initiated to generate a reforming reaction to generate micromolecule hydrocarbon or generate a partial oxidation reaction with incomplete combustion products and residual oxygen reserved in the waste gas to generate micromolecule oxygen-containing compounds in the negative valve overlap angle period, so that the ignitability and the flame propagation speed of the gasoline engine mixed gas under the starting condition are improved, and the economy and the emission of the gasoline engine are improved; other fuel oil is also sprayed into the cylinder in a compression stroke in a direct injection mode, and the whole fuel oil quantity required in the combustion process is complemented while the high temperature generated in the compression process is utilized to improve the atomization effect of the mixed gas;
along with the successful ignition of the gasoline engine in the starting process, the combustion tends to be stable, the exhaust temperature rises, and the fuel injection quantity during the negative valve overlap angle is correspondingly reduced according to the rise of the exhaust temperature;
when the cooling water temperature of the gasoline engine is lower than 25 ℃, starting the gasoline engine through the following steps:
step one, enabling an air inlet valve and an air outlet valve to form a negative valve overlap angle through a variable valve mechanism, and reserving internal waste gas; the negative valve overlap angle is generated by a calibration process, the negative valve overlap angle is between 60 and 100 ℃ A, but does not include 60 ℃ A, so that the in-cylinder temperature at the top dead center compression in the negative valve overlap period reaches 800K;
step two, when the gasoline engine is in a negative valve overlap period, injecting fuel oil into the cylinder through the in-cylinder direct fuel injector, wherein the injection time is 10 ℃ A after an exhaust valve is closed or an exhaust top dead center to form reforming high-temperature mixed gas; the residual waste gas is utilized to promote the atomization of the first direct injection fuel oil and even initiate the reforming reaction of the fuel oil in the cylinder, so as to generate micromolecule hydrocarbon components or oxygen-containing compounds which are easier to catch fire, and improve the combustibility of the fuel and the flame propagation speed;
step three, performing fuel oil supplementary injection to the cylinder through the direct fuel injector in the cylinder during the compression stroke period of the gasoline engine, wherein the combustion top dead center is set to be 0 ℃ A, the injection time is in the range of-90-0 ℃ A ATDC, and the specific time is obtained by experimental calibration, so that combustible mixed gas with proper ratio of combustible to air is formed in the cylinder;
fourthly, igniting the air-fuel mixture by using the spark plug through one-time spark in the range of 0-20 ℃ A ATDC;
step five, in the process of cold start, through testing the exhaust temperature, the combustion state of the gasoline engine is evaluated, and the proportion of the oil injection quantity in the negative valve overlap period to the total oil injection quantity of the cycle is reduced; after the ignition is successfully and stably started, in the process of transition from the starting working condition to the idling working condition, according to the rising degree of the exhaust temperature, the fuel injection quantity of the negative valve is correspondingly reduced, the adverse effect of waste gas on the fuel and fresh charge mixing process is avoided, and the high-efficiency and low-pollution combustion of the whole starting working condition is maintained.
2. The method for starting a gasoline engine according to claim 1, wherein in step two, the ratio of the initial fuel injected into the cylinder by the in-cylinder direct injector is in close relation to the starting water temperature, and when the cooling water temperature is lowered, the amount of the initial fuel injected into the cylinder in the negative valve overlap period is increased, and the amount of the fuel mixed and reacted with the air-exhaust gas is increased.
3. The method for starting a gasoline engine using a variable injection strategy in combination with exhaust gas energy according to claim 1, wherein in step four, the ignition timing is after combustion top dead center; the piston moves upwards to compress the mixed gas in the cylinder, so that the temperature of the mixed gas is increased, and the ignition of the mixed gas is facilitated; meanwhile, the ignition moment is placed behind the top dead center, so that the exhaust temperature is improved, the catalyst is heated quickly, the catalyst is put into operation earlier, pollutants discharged to atmosphere in the starting process are reduced, and the time required by the starting process is shortened.
4. The method for starting a gasoline engine by combining the variable fuel injection strategy with the exhaust gas energy utilization according to claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, as the gasoline engine is successfully ignited during the starting process, the combustion tends to be stable, the exhaust gas temperature rises, and the fuel injection amount during the negative valve overlap angle is correspondingly reduced according to the rise of the exhaust gas temperature; adjusting the fuel injection quantity in the negative valve overlap angle according to the exhaust temperature, wherein the specific adjustment mode comprises the following steps:
the real-time dynamic exhaust temperature is obtained through a direct test or indirect calculation mode, so that the oil injection quantity in the negative valve overlap angle is dynamically and continuously adjusted and controlled along with the change of the exhaust temperature;
the real-time dynamic exhaust temperature is obtained through a direct test or indirect calculation mode, so that discontinuous intermittent adjustment and control are carried out on the fuel injection quantity in the negative valve overlap angle along with the temperature change;
discontinuous exhaust temperature change is obtained through a direct test or indirect calculation method, and a discontinuous control mode is adopted for the fuel injection quantity in the negative valve overlap angle.
5. The method for starting a gasoline engine using a variable fuel injection strategy in combination with exhaust energy according to claim 4, wherein the exhaust temperature during the adjustment of the negative valve overlap injection amount is directly measured or indirectly calculated by:
directly obtaining dynamic real-time exhaust temperature through an exhaust temperature sensor;
establishing a relation between the obtained exhaust pressure and the exhaust temperature by using a functional relation through dynamic real-time parameters obtained by an exhaust pressure sensor, indirectly obtaining the size of the exhaust temperature, and further controlling the fuel injection quantity during the negative valve overlap angle;
measuring the in-cylinder pressure at the opening moment of the exhaust valve through an in-cylinder pressure sensor, and calculating to obtain the exhaust temperature according to an ideal gas state equation;
and establishing an exhaust temperature prediction model by actually measuring the starting experimental data of the gasoline engine.
6. The gasoline engine starting method combining the variable oil injection strategy and the waste gas energy utilization as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that the gasoline engine is enabled to obtain the energy generated in the working process of the gasoline engine under the cold starting condition, the temperature in the cylinder of the gasoline engine is increased, and the adverse effect of the low-temperature environment condition on the combustion process under the starting working condition is reduced; when the temperature of the cooling water reaches or is higher than 25 ℃, the gasoline engine enters a normal operation mode of the direct injection gasoline engine.
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