CN111546455B - Corn straw fiber flame-retardant recombined laminated wood and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Corn straw fiber flame-retardant recombined laminated wood and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N1/00—Pretreatment of moulding material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N1/00—Pretreatment of moulding material
- B27N1/02—Mixing the material with binding agent
- B27N1/0209—Methods, e.g. characterised by the composition of the agent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/04—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
- B27N3/10—Moulding of mats
- B27N3/12—Moulding of mats from fibres
Abstract
The invention relates to a corn straw fiber flame-retardant recombined laminated wood and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of artificial board processing. The method comprises the steps of defibering corn straws to obtain corn straw skin fibers which are longitudinally not broken and transversely not loosened and connected in a staggered manner, and treating the corn straw skins by using an organic flame retardant to enable the corn straw skins to have flame retardant property. The chemical pretreatment can be carried out on the surface of the straw while the flame-retardant treatment is carried out, so that the straw is beneficial to glue joint; bonding the flame-retardant corn straw fiber by using a special resorcinol modified phenolic resin adhesive, and adding an inorganic flame retardant in the gluing process; carrying out parallel directional paving on the corn straw skin fiber by using the laminated wood; carrying out hot-pressing treatment to obtain the corn straw fiber flame-retardant recombined laminated wood; the corn straw fiber flame-retardant recombined laminated wood has good mechanical property and flame retardant property, and can reach the B1-level standard of buildings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a corn straw fiber flame-retardant recombined laminated wood and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of artificial board processing.
Background
The straws in China are remained in large quantities every year, and the phenomenon of concentrated straw burning often occurs, so that not only is the environment seriously polluted, but also the resource is greatly wasted. How to do on-site conversion and deep processing of the straws becomes a problem to be solved urgently, improves the utilization of the straws, and has a profound influence on the development of sustainable rural economy. However, the comprehensive utilization rate of crop straws in China is low, the excess straws cause a series of social problems of straw burning, road safety and the like, the high-value comprehensive utilization technology of the crop straws is developed through technological innovation, the sustainable development of agricultural production in China is promoted, and the hot problem which is highly concerned and urgently needed to be solved in the whole society is formed. The research of the crop straw for shaving boards, fiber boards and composite boards is very common, but the research of manufacturing the crop straw recombined material by using the recombined wood technology is not reported in relevant documents abroad, and the domestic documents are very few. The corn straw can be used for producing the artificial board of the recombined material by theoretically analyzing, and in view of the characteristics of the straw, the process technology, equipment and adhesive suitable for straw raw materials are further researched and developed, so that the corn straw recombined material can be popularized and developed in China, but the experience of preparing the corn straw to manufacture the flame-retardant recombined material is still lacked at present. The corn straw mainly comprises three major parts, namely skin, stalk and leaves, and has very different tissue structures. The comprehensive utilization of the corn straw skin is the worst in view of the application of animal feed, the utilization of new energy and the effect of direct returning to the field. The corn straw has the characteristics of light weight, low cost, strong fiber property and the like, and can change waste into valuable and reduce the cost of building materials. Because the cornstalks are annual plants, the fiber strength is far lower than that of wood, and the board prepared by taking the crop straws as the raw material has low strength and is easy to deform. Therefore, the straw is not crushed to carry out integral utilization of the outer skin, and the pressed laminated wood has great significance for improving the performance of the board. Meanwhile, the straw is easier to burn than wood, a large amount of heat is released in the straw burning process, the spreading speed is high, and toxic smoke can be released, so that the fire hazard is large. The effective technical measures are adopted to make the corn straws into the flame-retardant sheet material with the combustion performance meeting the B-level requirement, and the flame-retardant sheet material plays an important role in realizing the resource utilization of the crop straws. The additive flame retardant is widely used in the application of the flame retardant due to the advantages of simple process, easy composite use, good flame retardant effect and the like, and can reduce the density of dense smoke and improve carbonization. The reactive flame retardant has a specific reactive functional group, and the flame retardant group is introduced into the material through chemical reaction without migration, so that the purpose of permanent flame retardance can be achieved, and the flame retardant effect is better when the reactive flame retardant is used for treating the corn straw fiber. Although the main components of the corn straw are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, the corn straw has loose structure, the content of fiber cells (60%) is lower than that of wood (75% -98%), the content of solution extract is higher, and the ash content is large (> 4%). Therefore, the board with better flame retardant property and strength can be prepared by selecting reasonable flame retardant and adhesive and matching with a certain processing technology. The invention can drive the development of the industrial economy of the crop straws and play a great role in promoting the income increase of farmers, developing ecological agriculture and protecting natural environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of the prior art and provides a corn straw fiber flame-retardant recombined laminated wood with reasonable design and simple process and a preparation method thereof.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by the following technical scheme, and the invention relates to a preparation method of a corn straw fiber flame-retardant recombined laminated wood, which is characterized in that the corn straw fiber flame-retardant recombined laminated wood is prepared by a method of combining a reactive organic flame retardant and an additive inorganic flame retardant.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a corn straw fiber flame-retardant recombined laminated wood, which is characterized in that a reactive organic phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant and hydroxymethyl guanyl urea phosphate are used for carrying out dipping flame-retardant treatment on corn straw skin fibers, the pH value is 7-8, the dipping temperature is required to be 40-60 ℃, the dipping time is 2-6h, and the mass percentage concentration of the flame retardant is 5-25%. After the corn straws are treated by the flame retardant, the curing reaction and the bonding strength of the phenolic resin adhesive are not influenced. Meanwhile, when the flame retardant is used for soaking the straw fiber, the alkalescence of the flame retardant can remove silicone grease, wax and oily film matters on the outer skin of the corn straw, so that the surface polarity is improved, the exposure of the fiber is increased, and the gluing is facilitated. Improve the phenomenon of plate moisture absorption caused by the flame retardant and the defect of flame retardant migration.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a corn straw fiber flame-retardant recombined laminated wood, which is characterized in that a reactive organic flame retardant is required to be dried in a drying kiln after being dipped, the drying process further promotes the chemical reaction between the flame retardant and the surfaces of straws, the drying temperature is 60-80 ℃, and the drying is carried out until the water content of corn straw skin fibers is 6-8%.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a corn straw fiber flame-retardant recombined laminated wood, which is characterized in that an additive inorganic flame retardant is used, and is one of nano talcum powder, nano hydrotalcite, nano attapulgite, nano montmorillonite and nano mica. The addition of the inorganic flame retardant has the function of smoke suppression, reduces harmful substances such as smoke generated during the combustion of the corn straws, reduces the smoke density, and improves the carbonization of the straws. The addition amount of the additive inorganic flame retardant is 20-30% of the oven-dry mass of the straw sheath fiber.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a corn straw fiber flame-retardant recombined laminated wood, which is characterized in that the corn straw recombined laminated wood is bonded by using special resorcinol modified phenolic resin, and an inorganic flame retardant is added in the gluing process. The alkalescence of the organic flame retardant in the early-stage treatment process does not influence the curing reaction of the resorcinol modified phenolic resin. The added inorganic flame retardant may act as a filler for the resin.
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a corn straw fiber flame-retardant recombined laminated wood, which comprises the following specific steps,
(1) fluffing of corn straws: combing by using special mechanical equipment, removing leaves and stalks of the corn straws to obtain skin fibers of the corn straws, naturally drying until the water content is 8-12%, and shearing the skin fibers of the corn straws into the length of 15-30 cm.
(2) And (3) carrying out flame retardant treatment on the corn straw whole-husk fiber: soaking the corn stalk husk fiber into 5-25 wt% water solution of fire retardant for 2-6 hr, and drying in a drying kiln at 60-80 deg.c to water content of 6-8%.
(3) Sizing the flame-retardant corn straw skin fiber: the special resorcinol phenolic resin adhesive for the corn straw laminated wood or the liquefied larch book cover powder modified phenolic resin adhesive is used for gluing in a glue spraying or dipping mode. The glue application amount is 15-25% of the oven dry mass of the straw sheath fiber. Before sizing, adding an additive inorganic flame retardant, wherein the addition amount is 10% -20% of the oven-dry mass of the straw sheath fiber, mixing with an adhesive, and sizing.
(4) Paving and hot-pressing the corn straw fiber flame-retardant recombined laminated wood: the corn stalk skin fiber is directionally and parallelly paved and recombined, the density of the upper layer, the central layer and the lower layer is consistent, and the target density of the integrated material after directional and parallel paving and recombination is 0.6-0.8g/cm3. Hot pressing of the corn straw fiber flame-retardant recombined laminated wood: the pressure is 3.0-5.0MPa, the temperature is 110-130 ℃, and the hot pressing time is 5-7 min.
The flame-retardant treatment method combines the reactive organic flame retardant and the additive inorganic flame retardant, and overcomes the defect of single performance of the flame retardant. The reactive flame retardant can simultaneously play a role in surface pretreatment of the corn straws, and is combined with the flame retardant by straw fibers through chemical reaction, so that the flame retardant has good flame retardant effect, can prevent the migration and actual effect of the flame retardant, and has good stability. Meanwhile, the flame retardant can promote gluing and increase the gluing strength. The additive inorganic flame retardant can effectively reduce smoke density, reduce the generation of toxic combustion gas, promote the carbonization of straw fibers and increase flame retardance. Compared with the prior art, the method improves the flame retardance of the straw laminated wood, reduces the smoke density and inhibits the generation of smoke by utilizing the compounding method of the reactive organic flame retardant and the additive inorganic flame retardant; the special equipment is used for defibering the corn straws to obtain the corn straw full-husk fibers, and the process is simple and high in efficiency. The corn straw laminated wood has flame retardant property through flame retardant treatment and is used for fireproof building materials. The invention greatly promotes the production and application of the corn straw fiber flame-retardant recombined laminated wood, has the advantages of environmental protection, low production cost and simple production method, and can realize mechanized production.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given to further illustrate the present invention. The following description is only exemplary of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications and variations of the present invention using the equivalent structure or equivalent flow path or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields are encompassed by the present invention.
Example 1
Raw materials: northeast corn stalk
Flame retardant: a hydroxymethyl guanylurea phosphate organic phosphorus nitrogen flame retardant; the addition amount of the nano hydrotalcite is 10 percent of the oven-dry mass of the corn stalk fiber.
Adhesive: liquefied larch book cover powder modified phenolic resin adhesive
The size of the recombined laminated wood plate is as follows: 310 x 15mm corn stalk board with density of 0.8g/cm3
A method for preparing a composite board by using complete corn straw skins comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the corn stalks are loosened through the method of loosening,
taking naturally aired agricultural corn straws, wherein the water content of the agricultural corn straws is about 20%, and untwining, removing leaves and removing straw stalks. And (3) loosening and flattening straw husks, separating fiber parts of the flattened straw husks, keeping the whole husks as a whole, cutting the stalks into corn straw sections with the length of 25-30CM, and airing until the water content reaches 8-12%.
Step two: and (3) carrying out flame-retardant treatment on the corn straws:
adopting a flame retardant with the concentration of 10 wt% to soak the corn stalk skins at room temperature under normal pressure, and completely immersing the stalks into a flame retardant aqueous solution for 6 hours. After the dipping treatment, the corn straws are naturally dried until no water drops, and then are placed in a drying kiln for drying at 60 ℃ until the water content is 8 percent.
Step three: glue applying and mixing
The liquefied larch bark powder modified phenolic resin adhesive is mixed with inorganic flame retardant nano talcum powder (the addition amount is 10 percent of the oven-dry mass of the corn straw skin fiber) for glue spraying and gluing, wherein the solid content is 47 to 50 percent, the viscosity is 50mpa & s, and the glue application amount is 20 percent.
Step four: paving
The corn straw fiber after being glued is laid and recombined in parallel and orientation, and the density is 0.8g/cm3The density is consistent with that of the upper, middle and lower layers, and the size is 310 multiplied by 15 mm.
Step five: hot pressing treatment
Laying in a mould, placing a 15mm thickness gauge, and hot pressing in a hot press at 120 deg.C under 5MPa for 5 min. Slowly releasing the pressure during pressure release to prevent the corn straw board from layering and bubbling, and obtaining the flame-retardant recombined laminated wood of the corn straw fiber.
Step seven: sheet property detection
According to GB/T17657-2013 physicochemical property test method for artificial boards and veneered artificial boards, the detection result is as follows: the density is 0.623-0.654g/cm3The static bending strength is 37.22-40.59MPa, the elastic modulus is 2816.6-3244.5MPa, the internal bonding strength is 0.84-0.92MPa, and the water absorption thickness expansion rate in 2h is 6.5-8.8%. The organic flame retardant treatment can promote the gluing of the phenolic resin, and the mechanical property index is qualified. The material combustion performance is tested according to GB 8624-2012 'building material and product combustion performance grade', and the flame retardant performance reaches building B1 grade flame retardant and reaches building B1 grade. The oxygen index is measured according to GB/T2406.2-2009 part 2 of the combustion behaviour by oxygen index method for plastics: room temperature test "was conducted and the oxygen index was 37.
Example 2
Raw materials: northeast corn stalk
Flame retardant: hydroxymethyl guanylurea phosphate organic phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant and nano hydrotalcite.
Adhesive: special resorcinol modified phenolic resin adhesive
The size of the recombined laminated wood plate is as follows: 310 multiplied by 10mm of corn straw board with the density of 0.8g/cm3
A method for preparing a composite board by using complete corn straw skins comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the corn stalks are defibered,
taking naturally-dried agricultural corn straws with the water content of about 20%, untwining, feeding, removing leaves, removing stalks, untwining and flattening straw skins, separating fiber parts of the flattened straw skins but keeping the whole skins as a whole, cutting the whole skins into corn straw sections with the length of 25-30CM, and drying until the water content reaches 8-12%.
Step two: and (3) carrying out flame-retardant treatment on the corn straws:
diluting the fire retardant with water, wherein the concentration of the solution is 15%, and soaking the corn stalk skins at room temperature under normal pressure for 6 hours. Drying the corn stalks in a drying kiln at 80 ℃ after dipping treatment until the water content is 8 percent, and calculating the drug-loading rate of the flame retardant to be 40g/m3。
Step three: glue applying and mixing
The special resorcinol modified phenolic resin adhesive is used, the solid content is 47% -50%, the viscosity is 100mpa · s, the moisture content of the straw subjected to flame retardant treatment is 8%, and the glue application amount is 25% of the oven dry mass of the straw. The adding amount of the inorganic flame retardant modified nano talcum powder is 12% of the absolute dry mass of the straw, and the inorganic flame retardant modified nano talcum powder is mixed with an adhesive and then is subjected to glue spraying and sizing.
Step four: paving hot-pressing preparation plate
The corn straw fiber after being glued is laid and recombined in parallel and orientation, and the density is 0.8g/cm3The density of the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer are consistent, the size is 310 multiplied by 10mm, the pressure is 3MPa, the hot pressing temperature is 120 ℃, and the hot pressing time is 7min, so that the corn straw fiber flame-retardant recombined laminated wood is obtained.
Step seven: sheet property detection
According to GB/T17657-2013 physicochemical property test method for artificial boards and veneered artificial boards, the detection result is as follows: the density is 0.87-0.897g/cm3The static bending strength is 37.22-40.59MPa, the elastic modulus is 2816.6-3244.5MPa, the internal bonding strength is 0.84-0.92MPa, and the water absorption thickness expansion rate in 2h is 7.1-8.8%. The combustion performance of the material is tested according to GB 8624-2012 'building material and product combustion performance grade', and the flame retardant performance reaches building B1 grade. The oxygen index is measured according to GB/T2406.2-2009 part 2 of the combustion behaviour by oxygen index method for plastics: room temperature test "was conducted and the oxygen index was 38.
Through the longitudinally unbroken and transversely unrelaxed staggered connection structure, the inherent strength of the corn straws is furthest reserved by parallel fiber recombination, crushing processing is not needed, and the process is simplified. The preparation technology improves the self-flammability property of the corn straws by using an inorganic flame retardant method, and the finished product has good flame retardant property and excellent flame retardant and smoke suppression properties, has the combustion property reaching B1 level, and can meet the requirements of national building design fire protection regulations on the combustion property of materials. The corn straw fiber recombined laminated wood prepared by the method solves the problem that the existing corn straw fiber material is inflammable, improves the flame retardant effect, reduces the using amount of a flame retardant, and has good economic efficiency and flame retardant effect. The method provided by the invention is simple, can save wood resources when used for replacing wood, promotes high-value utilization of crop residues, and reduces environmental pollution caused by straw burning. The corn straw fiber flame-retardant recombined laminated wood has good comprehensive application performance and can be popularized and applied in the aspect of fireproof building materials.
Claims (5)
1. The preparation method of the corn straw fiber flame-retardant recombined laminated wood is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
(1) fluffing of corn straws: combing by using special mechanical equipment, removing leaves and stalks of the corn straws to obtain skin fibers of the corn straws which are longitudinally not fractured and transversely not loose and staggered and connected, reducing the water content by adopting a natural drying mode, and cutting the skin fibers of the corn straws into sections;
(2) and (3) flame-retardant treatment of corn straw skin fibers: soaking the corn straw skin fiber into a flame retardant aqueous solution, and performing soaking flame retardant treatment on the corn straw skin fiber by using a reactive organic phosphorus nitrogen flame retardant and hydroxymethyl guanylurea phosphate, wherein the mass percentage concentration of the flame retardant aqueous solution is 5-25 wt.%, the pH value is 7-8, the flame retardant soaking time is 2-6h, and the soaking temperature is 40-60 ℃; drying in a drying kiln after the dipping treatment, wherein the drying mode is as follows: drying in a drying kiln at a drying temperature of 60-80 ℃ until the water content reaches 6% -8%;
(3) sizing the flame-retardant corn straw skin fiber: adopting an adhesive, and applying the adhesive in a glue spraying or dipping manner; adding an additive inorganic flame retardant before sizing, wherein the added inorganic flame retardant can be used as a filler of resin and is mixed with an adhesive for sizing; the adhesive is resorcinol modified phenolic resin;
(4) paving and hot-pressing the corn straw skin fiber flame-retardant recombined laminated wood: the corn stalk skin fiber is directionally laid and recombined in parallel, the density of the upper layer, the central layer and the lower layer is consistent, and then the corn stalk fiber flame-retardant recombined laminated wood is hot-pressed to obtain a finished product.
2. The preparation method of the corn stalk fiber flame-retardant recombined laminated wood as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the water content is reduced to 8% -12%; the length of the corn stalk husk fiber is cut into sections of 15-30 cm.
3. The preparation method of the corn straw fiber flame-retardant recombined laminated wood as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the glue application amount of the glue is 15% -25% of the absolute dry mass of the straw sheath fiber; the addition amount of the additive inorganic flame retardant is 10-20% of the oven-dry mass of the straw sheath fiber.
4. The method for preparing the corn stalk fiber flame-retardant recombined laminated wood as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the oriented parallel paving and recombination are carried outThe target density of the laminated wood is 0.6-0.8g/cm3(ii) a The hot-pressing pressure is 3.0-5.0MPa, the temperature is 110-.
5. The method for preparing the corn stalk fiber flame-retardant recombined laminated wood according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the additive-type inorganic flame retardant is one of nano talc powder, nano hydrotalcite, nano attapulgite, nano montmorillonite and nano mica.
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