CN111545069A - Laminate - Google Patents
Laminate Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111545069A CN111545069A CN201910111414.4A CN201910111414A CN111545069A CN 111545069 A CN111545069 A CN 111545069A CN 201910111414 A CN201910111414 A CN 201910111414A CN 111545069 A CN111545069 A CN 111545069A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- laminate
- porous
- porous particles
- resin layer
- thermal conductivity
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 34
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 14
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
- CHRJZRDFSQHIFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C CHRJZRDFSQHIFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NGZUCVGMNQGGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-[5-(2-acetamidoethyl)-2-hydroxyphenyl]-3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-9,10-dioxoanthracene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 7-[5-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-2-hydroxyphenyl]-3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-9,10-dioxoanthracene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-7-[2-hydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl]-9,10-dioxoanthracene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 3,6,8-trihydroxy-1-methyl-9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound Cc1c(C(O)=O)c(O)cc2C(=O)c3cc(O)cc(O)c3C(=O)c12.OCCc1ccc(O)c(c1)-c1c(O)c(O)c2C(=O)c3cc(O)c(C(O)=O)c(C(O)=O)c3C(=O)c2c1O.CC(=O)NCCc1ccc(O)c(c1)-c1c(O)c(O)c2C(=O)c3cc(O)c(C(O)=O)c(C(O)=O)c3C(=O)c2c1O.NC(Cc1ccc(O)c(c1)-c1c(O)c(O)c2C(=O)c3cc(O)c(C(O)=O)c(C(O)=O)c3C(=O)c2c1O)C(O)=O NGZUCVGMNQGGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000483002 Euproctis similis Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004640 Melamine resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920002302 Nylon 6,6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930182556 Polyacetal Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229920001283 Polyalkylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002565 Polyethylene Glycol 400 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002978 Vinylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxy(oxo)silane Chemical compound O[Si](O)=O IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical class O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005487 naphthalate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003961 organosilicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001955 polyphenylene ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/36—Pervaporation; Membrane distillation; Liquid permeation
- B01D61/364—Membrane distillation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/10—Supported membranes; Membrane supports
- B01D69/107—Organic support material
- B01D69/1071—Woven, non-woven or net mesh
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/36—Pervaporation; Membrane distillation; Liquid permeation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/10—Supported membranes; Membrane supports
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/30—Polyalkenyl halides
- B01D71/32—Polyalkenyl halides containing fluorine atoms
- B01D71/34—Polyvinylidene fluoride
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/30—Polyalkenyl halides
- B01D71/32—Polyalkenyl halides containing fluorine atoms
- B01D71/36—Polytetrafluoroethene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/46—Epoxy resins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/56—Polyamides, e.g. polyester-amides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/70—Polymers having silicon in the main chain, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/447—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by membrane distillation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/16—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from metallurgical processes, i.e. from the production, refining or treatment of metals, e.g. galvanic wastes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/26—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the processing of plants or parts thereof
- C02F2103/28—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the processing of plants or parts thereof from the paper or cellulose industry
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/30—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the textile industry
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a laminate. The present invention relates to a laminate which can concentrate a pollutant at a high concentration, and which can suppress heat loss and increase the amount of pollutant to be treated. In the past, attempts have been made to select a porous resin having a low thermal conductivity or to increase the thickness of the film in order to suppress heat loss, but these methods have a problem of impairing the water vapor transmission rate, i.e., the treatment capacity, of the film, although suppressing heat loss. The laminate of the present invention comprises a porous resin layer having communicating pores on at least one surface of a support base having communicating pores, and porous particles are contained in the porous resin layer. The invention provides a laminate, which can concentrate pollutants at high concentration without changing the design of materials and thickness of other laminates by using porous particles with low thermal conductivity contained in the porous laminate to exert heat insulation property, and can inhibit heat loss and increase the treatment amount of pollutants.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a laminate, particularly a porous laminate, having excellent separation between a contaminant and water.
Background
The treatment of contaminated water discharged from industrial activities is a worldwide important issue.
Conventionally, a reverse osmosis membrane has been used as a method for separating a contaminant from water. For example, patent document 1 discloses separation of contaminants by a reverse osmosis membrane.
In addition, a method of separating contaminants from water by allowing water vapor to permeate the inside of a porous membrane having nanopores is proposed. For example, patent document 2 discloses the separation of a contaminant using a nanoporous membrane.
Documents of the prior art
Patent document
Patent document 1: japanese laid-open patent publication No. 2002-
Patent document 2: japanese laid-open patent publication No. 2015-100777
Disclosure of Invention
Problems to be solved by the invention
However, the method described in patent document 1 has a problem that a large pressure loss occurs and the concentration limit is low when a high-concentration contaminant is separated.
In addition, as a method other than the reverse osmosis membrane, membrane distillation is exemplified. The membrane distillation is a membrane process which takes a hydrophobic membrane as a separation interface and takes the vapor pressure difference on two sides of the membrane as a mass transfer driving force. Compared with the traditional distillation, the operation process has lower temperature and pressure, can utilize low-grade waste heat, has good separation effect and can reach the salt rejection rate close to 100 percent. Due to the unique advantages, the membrane distillation is widely applied to the fields of seawater desalination, zero discharge, brackish water recycling, food and medicine concentration and the like. The membrane distillation flux and membrane wetting are the main problems influencing the popularization and application of the membrane distillation process. In order to improve the flux of the membrane and slow down the membrane wetting problem, a proper membrane for membrane distillation needs to be selected. The ideal membrane distillation membrane needs to have the characteristics of high porosity, reasonable pore size distribution, strong hydrophobicity, good membrane pore connectivity, stable structure, good mechanical property and the like. An example of membrane distillation is disclosed in patent document 2.
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a novel separation membrane that can concentrate contaminants at a high concentration and reduce heat loss associated with separation of contaminants.
Means for solving the problems
The present inventors have made studies and developments on a nanoporous film capable of concentrating a contaminant at a high concentration in order to solve the above problems, and have surprisingly found that porous particles having low thermal conductivity are added in order to suppress heat loss: the present inventors have completed the present invention by changing the surface roughness, pore diameter, contact angle, etc., to suppress heat loss and increase the amount of pollutants to be treated.
The present invention provides a laminate comprising a porous resin, porous particles and a support base.
1. A laminate comprising a porous resin layer having communicating pores on at least one surface of a support base having communicating pores, wherein porous particles are contained in the porous resin layer.
2. The laminate of claim 1, having a porosity of 50% to 90%.
3. The laminate according to 1 or 2, wherein D50, which is a median diameter of the porous particles, is 1 to 50 μm.
4. The laminate according to any one of 1 to 3, wherein the porous particles have a peak pore diameter in a pore diameter distribution measured in a range of 2 to 200nm of 5 to 150 nm.
5. The laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the porous particles have a thermal conductivity of 0.05W/m.K or less.
6. The laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a peak pore diameter in a pore diameter distribution of the laminate measured in a range of 15nm to 300 μm is 150nm to 600 nm.
7. The laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which has a thermal conductivity of 0.01 to 0.13W/m.K.
8. The laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a surface roughness of the porous resin layer containing the porous particles laminated on the support base material is 60 to 100Ra as observed by an atomic force microscope.
9. The laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a contact angle of the porous resin layer including the porous particles laminated on the support base is 75 ° or more.
10. The laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the weight per unit area of the supporting base material is 1 to 500g/m2The thickness is 0.05-1 mm.
11. The laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the water permeation pressure is 50kPa or higher.
Examples of the separation target include water supply and sewerage, factory drainage, seawater, and brackish water, and particularly drainage from thermal power plants, petroleum and chemical plants, paper mills, spinning mills, and plating plants, and the drainage itself has a higher temperature than water at room temperature, that is, has heat, and by using a separation membrane having high heat insulation properties, the effect of suppressing heating required for treatment is large.
In the past, attempts have been made to select a porous resin having a low thermal conductivity or to increase the thickness of the film in order to suppress heat loss, but these methods have a problem of impairing the water vapor transmission rate, i.e., the treatment capacity, of the film, although suppressing heat loss. According to the above method, the porous particles having low thermal conductivity exhibit heat insulation properties, and thus the above problems can be avoided without changing the design of the material and thickness of the film.
Effects of the invention
According to the present invention, a novel separation membrane capable of concentrating a contaminant at a high concentration and suppressing heat loss and having a large amount of contaminants to be treated can be provided.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
The type of the porous resin is not particularly limited, and may be one or more selected from nylon 66, polyacetal, polycarbonate, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyphenylene ether, polystyrene, polybutadiene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyamide, polyimide acrylic resin, epoxy resin, silicone resin, phenol resin, urea resin, and melamine resin, or a copolymer obtained by polymerizing precursor monomers of two or more of the above resins. Polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene, and polypropylene are not particularly limited, but are preferably used because they can be applied to a stretching method and a non-solvent phase separation method which are widely used as a method for producing porous resins, and therefore, porous resins can be easily obtained.
The porous particles are not particularly limited, and the following may be used: styrene-divinylbenzene crosslinked polymer particles, methacrylate crosslinked polymer particles, polyvinyl alcohol crosslinked polymer particles, phenol crosslinked polymer particles, porous silica particles, porous acrylic particles, mesoporous silica particles, porous organosilicon compounds, and porous TiO2Particle and porous ZrO2Examples of the inorganic filler include particles, activated carbon, natural and synthetic zeolites, iron compounds such as activated alumina, activated clay, sepiolite and iron oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum silicate, silica-zinc oxide compound, silica-alumina-zinc oxide compound, composite layered silicate, and mixtures thereof. The porous organic silicon compound is preferable because the thermal conductivity is lower than that of other materials.
The particle diameter of the porous particles is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 50 μm, and most preferably 10 to 40 μm, in terms of the median diameter (D50). When the particle diameter of the porous particles is in this range, a porous film having low thermal conductivity can be obtained even when the thickness of the laminate is small. The smaller the thickness of the separation membrane, the higher the capacity of treating contaminated water, and therefore, the separation membrane is useful.
The pore diameter of the porous particles is not particularly limited, and the peak pore diameter in the pore diameter distribution of the porous particles measured in the range of 2 to 200nm is preferably 5 to 150nm, and most preferably 10 to 100 nm. The pore diameter is in this range, and thus the material has low thermal conductivity.
The thermal conductivity of the porous particles is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.05W/mK or less, and most preferably 0.03W/mK or less. The thermal conductivity of the porous particles is not particularly limited, and may be 0.001W/mK or more. When the thermal conductivity of the porous particles is in this range, the thermal conductivity of the porous laminate can be reduced to a desired range, which leads to an improvement in thermal efficiency.
The material of the support base is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include nonwoven fabrics such as aramid, cellulose, nylon, vinylon, polyester, polyolefin, rayon, polyamide, polyalkylene terephthalate, and polyalkylene naphthalate, glass, and metal meshes. Among these substrates, polymer-based nonwoven fabrics such as polyamide, polyester, polyolefin, nylon, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene, EVA (ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer), nylon, polypropylene, and polyethylene terephthalate are preferable because they are easy to process and mold.
The thickness of the support substrate is not particularly limited, and is preferably 0.05 to 1mm, more preferably 0.08 to 0.3 mm. The strength of the porous laminate can be ensured by setting the thickness of the support base material to 0.05mm or more, and the throughput per unit time can be increased by setting the thickness to 1mm or less, which is preferable. The case where two or more support base materials thinner than the above range are stacked and used to have a thickness in the above range is also included in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
The weight per unit area of the support base is not particularly limited, but the weight per unit area is preferably 1 to 500g/m2More preferably 50 to 150g/m2. In the present specification, "weight per unit area" means the mass per unit area of the support base material. When the weight per unit area is within the above range, the porous resin layer can be supported on the support base, and the amount of contaminated water to be treated can be increased. When two or more support base materials are used in a stacked state, the weight per unit area refers to the total weight per unit area of each layer.
The porosity of the porous laminate is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50 to 90%, and most preferably 60 to 80%. When the porosity is in this range, the treatment amount of contaminated water can be increased while maintaining the strength of the membrane itself.
The pore diameter of the porous laminate is not particularly limited, and the peak pore diameter in the pore diameter distribution of the porous membrane measured in the range of 15nm to 300 μm is preferably 150nm to 600nm, and most preferably 200nm to 500 nm. When the pore diameter is in this range, liquid water does not pass through, but water vapor of gas can pass through, and the amount of the water vapor passing through can be increased. The membrane is useful because it has a high treatment amount of wastewater due to a large amount of water vapor transmitted therethrough.
The thermal conductivity of the porous laminate is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01 to 0.13W/mK, and most preferably 0.01 to 0.08W/mK. When the thermal conductivity of the laminate is in this range, the amount of heat released by heat conduction through the separation membrane can be suppressed, and most of the heat of the contaminated water can be efficiently used for vaporization of the water.
The surface roughness of the porous resin layer containing the porous particles laminated on the support base is not particularly limited, but is preferably 60 to 100Ra, and most preferably 70 to 95Ra, when observed by an atomic force microscope. When the surface roughness is within this range, the surface hydrophobicity of the porous resin layer is improved, and the ability to treat contaminated water is improved.
The contact angle of the surface of the porous resin layer containing the porous particles, which is laminated on the support substrate, is not particularly limited, and is preferably 75 ° or more, and most preferably 100 ° or more. In addition, the surface contact angle of the porous resin layer including the porous particles, which is laminated on the support base, may be 150 ° or less. When the contact angle is in this range, the surface of the porous resin layer has high hydrophobicity, and the ability to treat contaminated water is improved.
The water permeability pressure of the porous laminate is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50kPa or higher, and most preferably 150kPa or higher. Further, the water permeability pressure of the porous laminate may be 1000kPa or less. When the water permeation pressure is in this range, the separation membrane can be used under the water pressure at the time of treating contaminated water, and is flexible and has good operability.
Examples
Hereinafter, examples specifically illustrating the configuration and effects of the present invention will be described, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
[ example 1]
2g of polyethylene glycol (manufactured by Sinopharm, PEG-400) and 3g of lithium chloride (manufactured by Sinopharm) were added to 84g N, N-dimethylacetamide (manufactured by Sinopharm), and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour to dissolve the mixture. To the solution, 1g of porous particles was added and stirred for 1 hour, thereby uniformly dispersing them in the solution. Then, 10g of polyvinylidene fluoride (manufactured by Solvay) was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hours to dissolve the polyvinylidene fluoride. The mixed solution was subjected to vacuum defoaming for 6 hours to obtain a coating solution. The obtained coating solution was dropped on a PET nonwoven fabric, and the resultant was coated with a film thickness of 1mm using an applicator (manufactured by Schwan technol). After exposure to the atmosphere for 10 seconds, the substrate was immersed in deionized water for 24 hours. After the impregnation, the resultant was dried in an oven at 50 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain a porous laminate.
[ examples 2 to 8]
Examples 2 to 8 were produced in the same manner as in example 1, except that the blending ratio of the raw materials to be added and the median diameter (D50) of the porous particles were different. The mixing ratio and the median diameter (D50) are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that no porous particles were added. The mixing ratio is shown in table 1.
Comparative example 2
20g of polyvinylidene fluoride (Dajin Co., Ltd.) and 80g of dimethyl sulfoxide (Wako pure chemical industries, Ltd.) were placed in a 200mL three-necked flask, and stirred at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to completely dissolve the polyvinylidene fluoride. Then, the aerogel particles (about 4g, about 20 mass% of the entire film) were added and stirred for 30 minutes to disperse them. Then, the stirring was stopped, and the mixture was left standing for about 1 hour while maintaining the temperature at 80 ℃ until bubbles disappeared to obtain a coating liquid. 20g of the coating liquid was applied to a metal plate at normal temperature using a coating tool. The coated metal plate was placed on another metal plate cooled with ice, and as a result, the coated film became cloudy and became a solid coated film. The metal plate with the coating film is immersed in cold water prepared separately for 2-3 minutes, and the coating film is peeled off from the metal plate. The peeled coating film was immersed in pure water for 12 hours to completely remove DMSO, and then dried in a dryer set at 40 ℃ for 1 hour to obtain a white porous film. The film thickness was 0.5 mm.
[ Table 1]
[ measurement of thickness of laminate ]
The device comprises the following steps: scanning electron microscope (Scanning electron microscope) (Hitachi)
Sample preparation: 5mm × 5 mm.; after freezing the sample with liquid nitrogen, the sample was formed into small pieces. Then, the mixture was dried in an oven at 50 ℃.
The determination method comprises the following steps: the sample was coated with platinum using a sputter coater (HITACHI E-1010Ion) and then subjected to SEM observation. The thickness was determined on SEM images.
[ measurement of pore diameter of porous particles ]
The measurement was performed using a gas adsorption amount measuring apparatus (manufactured by Quantachrome Instruments japan contract corporation, Autosorb-iQ (Autosorb is a registered trademark)). The measurement results were analyzed by the BJH method, and the pore volume in the region of 2 to 200nm was calculated. The value of the pore diameter having the largest pore volume in the calculation result was taken as the peak value of the pore diameter distribution.
[ measurement of median diameter of porous particles (D50) ]
The device comprises the following steps: laser particle sizer (Zetasizer) (Malvern)
Sample preparation: the amount of the DMAc solution was adjusted so that the concentration of the DMAc solution became 100 mg/L.
The determination method comprises the following steps: the DMAc solution containing porous particles adjusted to 100mg/L was stirred for 1 hour with an ultrasonic stirrer and then subjected to measurement.
[ measurement of porosity of laminate ]
The device comprises the following steps: HR83Halogen (Mettler TOLEDO)
Sample preparation: 50mm x 50mm dry.
The determination method comprises the following steps: to fill all the empty wells with porfil, the porfil was immersed for 1 minute. The sample was taken out, and it was visually confirmed that no liquid was attached to the surface. The sample was placed in the chamber and the weight in the wet state was determined. The sample was dried by heating and the weight was measured. The percentage was calculated from the weight change before and after drying, by volume conversion using porfil density and dividing by the sample volume.
[ measurement of pore diameter of laminate ]
The device comprises the following steps: capillary flowmeter Porolux 1000(Capillary Flow Porometer Porolux 1000) (IB-FT GmbH, Germany)
Sample preparation: the sample was cut into a circular shape having a diameter of 25mm, dried and used as a sample.
The determination method comprises the following steps: to fill all the empty wells with porfil, the porfil was immersed for 1 minute. The sample was placed in the chamber, and the measurement was started, and the peak value indicated in the pore size distribution in the measurement range of 15nm to 300 μm was set as the pore size of the laminate.
[ measurement of thermal conductivity of laminate ]
The device comprises the following steps: heat conductivity meter-TC3000E (Thermal conductive meter-TC3000E) (Xiatech, China)
Sample preparation: 40mm by 50mm.
The determination method comprises the following steps: the probe was placed between the two samples and after the temperature had stabilized, the assay was started.
[ measurement of surface roughness of laminate ]
The device comprises the following steps: atomic force microscope (Atomic force microscope) (Shimadzu SPM-9600)) (Shimadzu, Japan)
Sample preparation: 5mm. times.5 mm.
The determination method comprises the following steps: the sample was placed on a glass slide and assayed.
[ measurement of contact Angle of surface of laminate ]
The device comprises the following steps: OCA20 Video-Based Contact Angle Meter (Video-Based Contact Angle Meter) (Shimadzu SPM-9600) (German data perspective Instruments Ltd., Germany)
Sample preparation: 5mm by 40mm.
The determination method comprises the following steps: the sample was placed on a slide and 0.8. mu.L of water was carefully added dropwise to the sample surface at room temperature using a syringe. The contact angle after 10 seconds of dropping was measured.
[ Flux (Flux) measurement of laminate ]
Sample preparation: 60 mm. times.80 mm.
The determination method comprises the following steps: the permeation flux was measured by direct contact. The drain temperature was 65 ℃ and the clean water temperature was 20 ℃ and NaCl aqueous solution (35g/L) was used for the drain simulation. The flow rate on the drain side was set to 180mL/min, and the flow rate on the clean side was set to 350 mL/min. The weight of the purified water side was measured and recorded every 10 minutes, and the permeation flow rate was calculated by dividing the increase in purified water per unit time by the membrane area. Further, since the conductivity on the clean water side was monitored and stabilized at 9. mu.S/cm, it was confirmed that NaCl on the drain side was removed by 99% or more in examples 1 to 8 and comparative example 1.
[ measurement of Water Permeability pressure of laminate ]
In a stirring rod (manufactured by Advantech corporation, model: UHP-76K, rod diameter:
) Is mounted and processed at the lower part
The laminate of (1). Then, 100mL of pure water was poured into the stirring rod, and the upper lid was closed to fix the stirring rod to the jig. Next, compressed air generated by an air compressor (model No. SLP5D-2S, manufactured by Shiko K.K.) was supplied from an air inlet at the upper part of the stirring rod at 0.5kPa/S, and the pressure at which pure water gradually flowed out from an outlet at the lower part of the stirring rod was read as the water permeation pressure of the laminate.
Industrial applicability of the invention
According to the present invention, a porous film having low heat loss and high processing ability can be produced by adding only porous particles having low thermal conductivity without changing the material, thickness, and production method of a conventional nanoporous porous polymer film, and therefore, the present invention is very useful.
In addition, the porous membrane of the present invention can be used for the treatment of high-concentration brine wastewater, which has been difficult to concentrate at high concentration.
Claims (11)
1. A laminate comprising a porous resin layer having communicating pores on at least one surface of a support base having communicating pores, wherein porous particles are contained in the porous resin layer.
2. The laminate of claim 1, having a porosity of 50% to 90%.
3. The laminate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein D50, which is a median diameter of the porous particles, is 1 to 50 μm.
4. The laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the porous particles have a peak pore diameter in a pore diameter distribution measured in a range of 2 to 200nm of 5 to 150 nm.
5. The laminate of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the porous particles have a thermal conductivity of less than or equal to 0.05W/m-K.
6. The laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 5, having a peak pore diameter in a pore diameter distribution of 150nm to 600nm measured in a range of 15nm to 300 μm.
7. The laminate of any one of claims 1 to 6, having a thermal conductivity of 0.01 to 0.13W/m-K.
8. The laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the surface roughness of the porous resin layer containing the porous particles laminated on the supporting base material is 60 to 100Ra as observed by an atomic force microscope.
9. The laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a contact angle of the porous resin layer including the porous particles laminated on the support substrate is 75 ° or more.
10. The laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the support substrate has a weight per unit area of 1 to 500g/m2The thickness is 0.05-1 mm.
11. A laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 10 having a water pressure of greater than or equal to 50 kPa.
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910111414.4A CN111545069A (en) | 2019-02-12 | 2019-02-12 | Laminate |
| JP2020572237A JPWO2020166536A1 (en) | 2019-02-12 | 2020-02-07 | Laminate |
| PCT/JP2020/004983 WO2020166536A1 (en) | 2019-02-12 | 2020-02-07 | Laminate |
| CN202080013653.7A CN113412147A (en) | 2019-02-12 | 2020-02-07 | Laminate |
| TW109104099A TW202039066A (en) | 2019-02-12 | 2020-02-10 | Laminate |
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| WO2020166536A1 (en) | 2020-08-20 |
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