CN111541015B - Method for improving angular resolution of antenna and antenna - Google Patents
Method for improving angular resolution of antenna and antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN111541015B CN111541015B CN202010262535.1A CN202010262535A CN111541015B CN 111541015 B CN111541015 B CN 111541015B CN 202010262535 A CN202010262535 A CN 202010262535A CN 111541015 B CN111541015 B CN 111541015B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
- H01Q1/3208—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used
- H01Q1/3233—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used particular used as part of a sensor or in a security system, e.g. for automotive radar, navigation systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to a method for improving angular resolution of an antenna and the antenna, which are applied to automobile electronic products, wherein the method comprises the following steps: extrapolating a virtual array element after the actual array element; fitting the extrapolated virtual array elements through the receiving channel data of the actual array elements, and generating a fitting coefficient; fitting a fitting receiving signal corresponding to the extrapolated virtual array element according to the fitting coefficient and the actual receiving signal; and carrying out beam forming on the received signals of the virtual array elements. The beneficial effects are that: the angular resolution is obviously improved, and the stability is stronger.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of automotive electronics, and in particular, to a method for improving angular resolution of an antenna and an antenna.
Background
The millimeter wave radar is a radar operating in the millimeter wave band for detection. Generally, millimeter waves refer to the frequency domain of 30 to 300 GHz. Millimeter-wave radar has some of the advantages of both microwave and photoelectric radar because the wavelength of millimeter-wave waves is intermediate between microwave and centimeter waves. Compared with the centimeter wave seeker, the millimeter wave seeker has the characteristics of small volume, light weight and high spatial resolution. Compared with optical probes such as infrared, laser and television, the millimeter wave probe has strong capability of penetrating fog, smoke and dust and has the characteristics of all weather (except heavy rainy days) all day long. In addition, the anti-interference and anti-stealth capabilities of the millimeter wave seeker are also superior to those of other microwave seekers. The millimeter wave radar can distinguish and identify very small targets and can identify a plurality of targets simultaneously.
In order to further improve the transmission rate of wireless communication and the resolution of radar, the millimeter wave frequency band is gradually becoming an important research point. To further improve the competitiveness of the 77GHz radar, improving the angular resolution of the radar becomes a key improvement index. The physical angular resolution of the 77GHz radar is mainly determined by the aperture of the MIMO virtual array. In order to control the hardware cost, the number of transceiving channels is fixed, the volume of the PCB board/the volume of the radar is as small as possible, and therefore the physical angular resolution is fixed, which requires additional processing on the basis of the algorithm to optimize the angular resolution. Due to the fact that the actual signal-to-noise ratio is poor, coupling between antennas is strong, and a good effect of a plurality of super-resolution algorithms is difficult to obtain in practical application; in order to improve the resolution of radar products, the most effective method is to enlarge the aperture of the array, but considering the hardware cost, the number of channels is limited, and thus the improvement of the physical angular resolution is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present application provides a method for improving angular resolution of an antenna, which is applied to an automotive electronic product, and the method includes:
extrapolating a virtual array element after the actual array element;
fitting the extrapolated virtual array elements through the receiving channel data of the actual array elements, and generating a fitting coefficient;
fitting a fitting receiving signal corresponding to the extrapolated virtual array element according to the fitting coefficient and the actual receiving signal;
and carrying out beam forming on the received signals of the virtual array elements.
Optionally, the extrapolating the virtual array element after the actual array element comprises:
and inserting at least one virtual array element at one side of the actual array element along a straight line at equal intervals.
Optionally, the distances between adjacent actual array elements, between adjacent virtual array elements, and between adjacent actual array elements and virtual array elements are all half wavelengths.
Optionally, the fitting the extrapolated virtual array element through the receiving channel data of the actual array element and generating a fitting coefficient includes:
calculating a first guide vector formula according to the direction and the angle of the actual array element;
calculating a second guide vector formula according to the direction and the angle of the extrapolated virtual array element;
and fitting a fitting formula according to the first guide vector formula and the second guide vector formula by a least square method, and solving a fitting coefficient.
Optionally, the fitting formula is:
β＝(A T ·A+δI) -1 ·A T ·a i′ ；
wherein beta is a fitting coefficient, A is a first steering vector formula, a i′ Is the second guiding formula, I is the ordinal number of the virtual array element, δ I is the avoidance of A T A diagonal loading factor of the near-singular
Optionally, the fitting out the fitted received signal corresponding to the extrapolated virtual array element according to the fitting coefficient and the actual received signal includes:
said fitting receiving a signal by
A calculation is performed in which, among other things,
to fit the received signal, X (t) is the actual received signal and β is the fitting coefficient.
Optionally, the beamforming the received signal of the virtual array element includes:
by the formula P _ CBF = (W.X) · (W.X) H And carrying out beam forming on the virtual array element to obtain an angle measurement result of the angle resolution.
In addition, the application also provides an antenna and a method for improving the angular resolution of the antenna.
The application provides a method for improving the angular resolution of an antenna and the antenna, which have the advantages that: this application is through virtual array element of extrapolation on actual array element, on the basis that does not change actual antenna array area and receiving and dispatching passageway number, virtual array element of extrapolation and virtual array element through extrapolation increase virtual passageway and increase virtual array bore, have obvious effect to improving angular resolution to under the condition of considering that the SNR worsens and array error, angular resolution also can obviously be improved to this application, and stability is stronger.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an actual array element according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an actual array element extrapolation virtual array element according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an amplitude fitting error between an actual received signal and a fitted received signal according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a phase fitting error between an actual received signal and a fitted received signal according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 5 is a power spectrum diagram of the multi-target actual array elements at 45 °,88 ° and 155 ° and the extrapolated virtual array elements after waveform forming in the embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an influence of a power spectrum after adding snr interference and performing beamforming on the extrapolated virtual array elements according to the embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a power spectrum influence of beamforming on an extrapolated virtual array element after adding a steering vector error according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating the power spectrum influence of beamforming on the actual array elements and the extrapolated virtual array elements according to the embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the advantages and features of the present application will be more readily understood by those skilled in the art, and the scope of the present application will be more clearly defined.
In some embodiments, the present application provides a method for improving angular resolution of an antenna, which is applied to an automotive electronic product, and the method includes:
extrapolating a virtual array element after the actual array element;
in this embodiment, the actual array elements are transversely distributed along a straight line, and the extrapolated virtual array elements are arranged behind the actual array elements, which may specifically be: at least one virtual array element is inserted at one side of the actual array element along a straight line at equal intervals. The number of the virtual array elements is set according to the number of the actual array elements.
Fitting the extrapolated virtual array elements through the receiving channel data of the actual array elements, and generating a fitting coefficient;
in this embodiment, the specific steps may include: calculating a first guide vector formula according to the direction and the angle of the actual array element; calculating a second guide vector formula according to the direction and the angle of the extrapolated virtual array element; and fitting a fitting formula according to the first guide vector formula and the second guide vector formula by a least square method, and solving a fitting coefficient.
Fitting a fitting receiving signal corresponding to the extrapolated virtual array element according to the fitting coefficient and the actual receiving signal;
in this embodiment, the received signal is fitted by
A calculation is performed in which, among other things,
to fit the received signal, X (t) is the actual received signal and β is the fitting coefficient. And calculating the fitting receiving signal corresponding to the virtual array element subjected to extrapolation through the fitting coefficient and the actual receiving signal.
And carrying out beam forming on the received signals of the virtual array elements.
In this embodiment, the method may specifically include: by the formula P _ CBF = (W.X) · (W.X) H And carrying out beam forming on the virtual array element to obtain an angle measurement result of the angle resolution.
The utility model provides a method for improving antenna angle resolution, the antenna of this application can be the antenna that sets up at on-vehicle radar also can be other antenna structure, this application is through virtual array element of extrapolation on actual array element, on the basis that does not change actual antenna array area and receiving and dispatching passageway number, virtual array element of extrapolation and virtual array element increase virtual passageway and increase virtual array bore through the extrapolation, there is obvious effect to improving angle resolution, and under the condition of considering SNR deterioration and array error, angle resolution also can obviously be improved to this application, stability is stronger.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1-2 and fig. 1, actual array elements are distributed transversely along a straight line, the distance between adjacent actual array elements is half wavelength, the number of actual array elements may be N, where N is a natural number greater than or equal to 1, and a circle is an actual array element; referring to fig. 2, virtual array elements are inserted behind the actual array elements shown in fig. 1, wherein the virtual array elements are equidistantly distributed along a straight line where the actual array elements are located, the number of the virtual array elements is that the distance between the adjacent virtual array elements and the actual array elements is half-wavelength, namely M, wherein M is a natural number greater than or equal to 1, a circle is an actual array element, and a triangle is a virtual array element; the distance between the first virtual array element in the virtual array and the last actual array element in the actual array is half wavelength. Meanwhile, the distance between two adjacent virtual array elements is also half wavelength. The distances between adjacent actual array elements, between adjacent virtual array elements, and between adjacent actual array elements and virtual array elements are all set to be half-wavelengths, as shown in fig. 1-2, the distances between adjacent actual array elements, between adjacent virtual array elements, and between adjacent actual array elements and virtual array elements are all d; to prevent grating lobes from occurring.
In some embodiments, fitting the extrapolated virtual array elements with the receive channel data of the actual array elements and generating fitting coefficients, comprises:
calculating a first guide vector formula according to the direction and angle of the actual array element
Wherein, a 1 -a N Is the direction of the actual array element, theta 1 -θ q Is the angle of the actual array element.
According to the direction and angle of the extrapolated virtual array element, a second steering vector formula a is calculated i′ ＝[a i′ (θ 1 )，a i′ (θ 2 )，......a i′ (θ q )，] T Wherein i is the ordinal number of the virtual array element, and if the number of the virtual array elements is n, i =1, 2, · and n; different virtual array elements correspond to different beta.
According to the first guide vector formula and the second guide vector formula, the formula is a by the least square method 1′ ＝Aβ+ε，Epsilon is noise, fitting a fitting formula beta = (A) T ·A+δI) -1 ·A T ·a i′ So that the noise ε is minimized, A T A is close to singularity, delta I has little influence, the company is corrected, and the only solution of the coefficient beta, namely a fitting coefficient, is obtained;
wherein beta is a fitting coefficient array, and beta is beta [1，2，...，i] A is a first guide vector formula, a i′ Is a second steering formula, i is the ordinal number of the virtual array, each a i′ Corresponds to one beta i δ I is avoidance A T A is a diagonal loading factor that is close to singular.
In the above embodiment, fitting a fitted received signal corresponding to the extrapolated virtual array element according to the fitting coefficient and the actual received signal includes: fitting the received signal by
A calculation is performed in which, among other things,
to fit the received signal, X (t) is the actual received signal and β is the fitting coefficient. The actual received signal X (t) is obtained through the receiving channel of the actual array element. Referring to fig. 3-4, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an amplitude fitting error between an actual received signal and a fitted received signal of an actual channel for an example actual array element N =12 and a virtual array element M = 6; fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of fitting errors between actual received signals and fitted received signals of actual channels of example actual array elements N =12 and virtual array elements M = 6.
In some embodiments, beamforming the received signal of the virtual array element includes: by the formula P _ CBF = (W.X) · (W.X) H And carrying out beam forming on the virtual array element to obtain an angle measurement result of the angle resolution. Where W is the weight, X is all the signals, and H is the conjugate transpose. Referring to fig. 5-8, fig. 5 is a power spectrogram formed by waveform shaping of actual array elements and extrapolated virtual array elements with multiple targets respectively at 45 °,88 ° and 155 °, wherein spectral peaks are 3dB of beam widths of target 1, target 2 and target 3, and the resolution after extrapolation is significantly better than that after extrapolationThe original resolution. Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the influence of the power spectrum after adding SNR interference to the signal and then beamforming the interpolated virtual array element. FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the power spectrum of the example with the addition of the steering vector error, the amplitude error within +/-0.5, the angle error within +/-6 degrees, the actual array element and the extrapolated virtual array element after beamforming. Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the power spectrum influence of the actual array elements and the extrapolated virtual array elements after beamforming, in the example, with the position error of the actual array elements within +/-0.1 mm. The utility model provides a method for improving antenna angle resolution, the antenna of this application can be the antenna that sets up at on-vehicle radar also can be other antenna structure, this application is through virtual array element of extrapolation on actual array element, on the basis that does not change actual antenna array area and receiving and dispatching passageway number, virtual array element of extrapolation and virtual array element increase virtual passageway and increase virtual array bore through the extrapolation, there is obvious effect to improving angle resolution, and under the condition of considering SNR to worsen and array error, angle resolution also can obviously be improved to this application, stability is stronger.
In some embodiments, the present application further provides an antenna including a method of improving angular resolution of an antenna as described above. The utility model provides a method for improving antenna angle resolution, the antenna of this application can be the antenna that sets up at on-vehicle radar also can be other antenna structure, this application is through virtual array element of extrapolation on actual array element, on the basis that does not change actual antenna array area and receiving and dispatching passageway number, virtual array element of extrapolation and virtual array element increase virtual passageway and increase virtual array bore through the extrapolation, there is obvious effect to improving angle resolution, and under the condition of considering SNR to worsen and array error, angle resolution also can obviously be improved to this application, stability is stronger.
The embodiments of the present application have been described in detail with reference to the drawings, but the present application is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present application within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.
Claims (4)
1. A method for improving angular resolution of an antenna, for use in automotive electronics, the method comprising:
extrapolating a virtual array element after the actual array element;
calculating a first steering vector formula according to the direction and the angle of the actual array element;
calculating a second steering vector formula according to the direction and the angle of the extrapolated virtual array element;
fitting a fitting formula according to the first guide vector formula and the second guide vector formula by a least square method, and solving a fitting coefficient, wherein the fitting formula is as follows: β = (A) T ·A+δI) -1 ·A T ·a i′ ；
Based on the fitting coefficients and the actual received signal by
Calculating and fitting a fitting receiving signal corresponding to the extrapolated virtual array element;
carrying out beam forming on the fitting receiving signals corresponding to the virtual array elements to obtain an angle measurement result of the angle resolution;
wherein beta is a fitting coefficient, A is a first steering vector formula, a i′ For the second steering formula, I is the ordinal number of the virtual array element, and δ I is to avoid A T A is a diagonal loading factor that is close to singular,
to fit the received signal, X (t) is the actual received signal.
2. A method for improving antenna angle resolution as claimed in claim 1, wherein said extrapolating virtual array elements after actual array elements comprises:
and inserting at least one virtual array element at one side of the actual array element along a straight line at equal intervals.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the spacing between adjacent actual array elements, between adjacent virtual array elements, and between adjacent actual array elements and virtual array elements is half wavelength.
4. An antenna comprising an actual array element and a virtual array element, wherein the antenna uses the actual array element and the virtual array element to implement a method for improving the angular resolution of the antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, so as to improve the angular resolution of the antenna.
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| CN108387877A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-08-10 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Moving target phase correction method of multi-input multi-output radar |
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| CN105891771B (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2018-01-02 | 北京邮电大学 | It is a kind of improve estimated accuracy based on continuously distributed angle estimating method and equipment |
| JP2019152488A (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2019-09-12 | 株式会社東芝 | Antenna device and radar device |
| US10771124B2 (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2020-09-08 | Jun Fang | Virtual beam steering using MIMO radar |
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