CN111540990A - Microwave frequency-selecting device based on waveguide - Google Patents
Microwave frequency-selecting device based on waveguide Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a microwave frequency-selecting device based on a waveguide, which comprises a hollow waveguide box and a dielectric column, wherein the waveguide box is of a cylindrical structure, a cavity of the waveguide box is of a cylindrical structure, the cavity of the waveguide box is used for accommodating a first dielectric column and a second dielectric, the first dielectric column is of a cylindrical structure, the radius of the first dielectric column is smaller than that of the cavity, a gap part between the cavity and the first dielectric column is filled with the second dielectric, and a frequency point when the equivalent permeability of the microwave frequency-selecting device is zero is obtained, namely the cut-off frequency of the microwave frequency-selecting device, so that the function of filtering and frequency selecting is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of microwaves, and particularly relates to a microwave frequency-selecting device based on a waveguide.
Background
The research and development of microwave frequency-selecting devices is an important direction in the field of microwave engineering. The microwave frequency-selecting device has wide application in various microwave radio frequency devices. The existing microwave frequency-selecting device is mainly realized by two technical approaches, namely, the microwave frequency-selecting device is realized by multistage series connection of frequency-selecting circuits of LC elements or realized by micro-strip wave-filtering frequency-selecting.
However, for the implementation mode of multistage series connection of frequency selection circuits of LC elements, the higher the requirement on filtering accuracy, the more LC frequency selection circuits need to be connected in series, which results in that the cost of such high-accuracy filter device is high, the structure is complex, the LC elements are easy to be damaged, the borne power is small, and the high-accuracy filter device is not suitable for high-power microwave radio frequency equipment, and the frequency of the used frequency is low, and is not suitable for high-frequency filtering. Furthermore, microstrip filtering frequency selection is adopted, so that the mode has the advantages of slow frequency response, large transmission loss, smoother filtering frequency selection curve, poor frequency selection sensitivity and smaller borne power.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or the improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a microwave frequency selection device based on a waveguide, aiming at solving the technical problem that the microwave frequency selection device can be flexibly adjusted while realizing high-frequency filtering.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a waveguide-based microwave frequency selective device, including a hollow waveguide box and a dielectric pillar, where the waveguide box is of a cylindrical structure, a cavity of the waveguide box is of a cylindrical structure, the cavity of the waveguide box is used to accommodate a first dielectric pillar and a second dielectric, the first dielectric pillar is of a cylindrical structure, a radius of the first dielectric pillar is smaller than a radius of the cavity, and a gap portion between the cavity and the first dielectric pillar is filled with the second dielectric, so as to obtain a frequency point when an equivalent magnetic permeability of the microwave frequency selective device is zero, where the frequency point is a cut-off frequency of the microwave frequency selective device.
As a further improvement of the invention, the frequency point when the equivalent permeability of the microwave frequency-selecting device is zero is obtained according to the calculation formula of the equivalent permeability of the microwave frequency-selecting device, and the equivalent permeabilityμeffThe calculation formula (2) is specifically as follows:
wherein, murIs the relative permeability of the first dielectric column, H3The magnetic field in the waveguide box when the waveguide box operates at the medium frequency point of the waveguide box in a TE10 mode, S is the cross-sectional area of a microwave frequency-selecting device, S3Is the cross-sectional area of the ENZ waveguide box, S2Is the cross-sectional area of the cavity of the waveguide box, S1Is the cross-sectional area of the first media column, Jn(-) represents the first Bessel function of order n, k1Is the wave number, k, of the first dielectric pillar2Wave number, p, of the second medium1、
Respectively as the center O of the first medium column1Polar radius, angle, ρ, of each point after expansion for the origin of polar coordinates2、
Respectively as the center O of a circle of the cavity2The radius and the angle of the polar coordinates of each point after the polar coordinates origin is unfolded,
each point in the cavity is respectively positioned at the center O of the first medium column1As the origin of polar coordinates and with the center O of the cavity2Angle difference of origin of polar coordinates, Nn(-) represents a Bessel function of the second class of order n, d is the eccentricity of the first dielectric cylinder, BnAnd CnRespectively, are undetermined coefficients.
As a further improvement of the invention, the structural parameters of the microwave frequency-selecting device are adjusted so as to enable the cut-off frequency of the microwave frequency-selecting device to be a preset value, and the structural parameters comprise the dielectric constant of the first dielectric column, the geometric dimension of the first dielectric column, the dielectric constant of the second dielectric and the geometric dimension of the cavity of the waveguide box.
As a further improvement of the invention, the structural parameters of the microwave frequency-selecting device are adjusted according to the calculation formula of the equivalent magnetic permeability of the microwave frequency-selecting device, and the equivalent magnetic permeability mueffThe calculation formula (2) is specifically as follows:
wherein, murIs the relative permeability of the first dielectric column, H3The magnetic field in the waveguide box when the waveguide box operates at the medium frequency point of the waveguide box in a TE10 mode, S is the cross-sectional area of a microwave frequency-selecting device, S3Is the cross-sectional area of the waveguide box, S2Is the cross-sectional area of the cavity of the waveguide box, S1Is the cross-sectional area of the first media column, Jn(-) represents the first Bessel function of order n, k1Is the wave number, k, of the first dielectric pillar2Wave number, p, of the second medium1、
Respectively as the center O of the first medium column1Polar radius, angle, ρ, of each point after expansion for the origin of polar coordinates2、
Respectively as the center O of a circle of the cavity2The radius and the angle of the polar coordinates of each point after the polar coordinates origin is unfolded,
each point in the cavity is respectively positioned at the center O of the first medium column1As the origin of polar coordinates and with the center O of the cavity2Angle difference of origin of polar coordinates, Nn(-) represents a Bessel function of the second class of order n, d is the eccentricity of the first dielectric cylinder, BnAnd CnRespectively, are undetermined coefficients.
As a further improvement of the invention, the shell of the waveguide box is of a metal structure, and the interior of the waveguide box is filled with foamed polyethylene.
As a further improvement of the invention, the cross-section of the waveguide box is rectangular.
As a further improvement of the invention, the adjustment of the transmissivity of the microwave frequency-selecting device is realized by moving the position of the first dielectric column in the cavity of the waveguide box.
As a further development of the invention, the second medium is air.
As a further improvement of the invention, the cut-off frequency of the waveguide box is 2.084 GHz.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the microwave frequency-selecting device based on the waveguide, the cylindrical dielectric column with the designed and selected size and material is implanted into the waveguide box, and the second medium is filled in the gap between the dielectric column and the cavity, so that the whole structure can only allow the electromagnetic wave cut to a frequency point by the waveguide box to pass through, and the electromagnetic wave with other frequencies is prevented, and therefore the function of filtering and frequency-selecting is achieved.
According to the microwave frequency-selecting device based on the waveguide, the rectangular waveguide box filled with the polyethylene foam is adopted in the microwave frequency band, and the size of the rectangular waveguide box can be flexibly designed according to a required cut-off frequency point.
The invention relates to a microwave frequency-selecting device based on a waveguide, which adopts a medium column nested structure of a large ring and a small ring. When the rectangular metal box works under the premise that the cut-off frequency is in an ENZ state, the rectangular metal box realizes the following main functions: by reasonably selecting the medium parameters of the large ring and the small ring, when the large ring and the small ring are concentrically arranged, the whole device can realize the full transmission of the electromagnetic wave of the cut-off frequency point, and cut off other frequencies, and at the moment, if the position of the small ring in the large ring is adjusted, the electromagnetic wave transmittance of the whole system on the cut-off frequency point can be adjusted.
Drawings
FIGS. 1(a) and (b) are schematic diagrams of the actual cross section and the equivalent uniform ENZ medium of a waveguide-based microwave frequency selective device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a specific implementation form of the microwave frequency-selecting device according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a full-wave simulation of a specific implementation form of the microwave frequency-selective device according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of eccentricity and device transmittance of a specific implementation form of the microwave frequency-selective device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other. The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
A microwave frequency-selecting device based on a waveguide comprises a hollow waveguide box and a dielectric column, wherein the waveguide box is of a cylindrical structure, a cavity of the waveguide box is of a cylindrical structure, the cavity of the waveguide box is used for accommodating a first dielectric column and a second dielectric, the first dielectric column is of a cylindrical structure, the radius of the first dielectric column is smaller than that of the cavity, the second dielectric is filled in a gap part between the cavity and the first dielectric column, a frequency point when the equivalent magnetic permeability of the microwave frequency-selecting device is zero is obtained, and the frequency point is the cut-off frequency of the microwave frequency-selecting device.
Fig. 1(a) and (b) are schematic diagrams of an actual cross section and an equivalent uniform ENZ medium of a waveguide-based microwave frequency selective device according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1(a), the cross section of the microwave frequency-selecting device is of any shape, an ENZ (zero node constant) medium with the cross section area S is selected (in practice, the ENZ medium is equivalently realized by adopting a metal waveguide box with any cross section to work at the cut-off frequency), and the magnetic permeability of the ENZ medium is mur0(Here μr0Any real number). Subsequently, opening a radius R and a cross-sectional area S in the ENZ medium2To obtain a hollow ENZ waveguide box, then embedding a hollow ENZ waveguide box with a radius of r and a cross-sectional area of S in the cavity of the ENZ waveguide box1Cylindrical medium column ofFilling a second medium in the gap between the cylindrical medium column and the cavity; the dielectric column has a relative dielectric constant ofrRelative magnetic permeability of mur. Assuming that the center point of the cross section of the cavity is O2The central point of the cross section of the dielectric column is O1，O1And O2The distance between them (eccentricity of the dielectric cylinder) is d, and the sectional area S of the hollow ENZ waveguide box is obtained3The following steps are changed:
S3＝S-S2，
a beam of plane electromagnetic waves is incident into the structure from the outside, and the direction of the magnetic field of the plane electromagnetic waves is along the y-axis direction. At this time, an electric field E exists in the dielectric column1And a magnetic field H1In the presence of an electric field E in the second medium2And a magnetic field H2In the presence of an electric field E in the ENZ medium3And a magnetic field H3And a magnetic field H3Is uniformly distributed, and a tangential electric field E exists on the outer boundary of the ENZ mediumt1。
The structure in FIG. 1(a) is an ENZ-doped dielectric structure, and assuming that the structure is also equivalent to a uniform ENZ medium, i.e., as shown in FIG. 1(b), the equivalent relative permeability is set to μeffUnder the condition of incidence of the same electromagnetic wave, an electric field E exists in the structure0Magnetic field is H0The tangential electric field E exists on the outer boundaryt2。
If with O1As the origin, for the magnetic field H in the second medium2Cylindrical wave development is carried out, and the method comprises the following steps:
here Jn(-) represents a first class Bessel function of order N, Nn(-) represents a second class Bessel function of order n, BnAnd bnAre all undetermined coefficients.
With O1As the origin, for the magnetic field H in the first dielectric column1Cylindrical wave development is carried out, and the method comprises the following steps:
here Jn(-) represents a first Bessel function of order n, CnIs the undetermined coefficient.
According to Maxwell's equation set, the electric field E in the second medium2Can be written as:
electric field E in dielectric column1Can be written as:
according to the boundary conditions, we obtain:
thereby, the undetermined coefficient b is obtainednAnd Cn：
Where G ═ k1μ0)/(k2μ0)，k1Wave number, k, of dielectric cylinder2The wave number of the second medium.
Further analysis of the magnetic field H in the ENZ Medium3And a magnetic field H in the second medium2In the case of a magnetic field H2With O2The cylindrical wave expansion is performed at the origin, and the magnetic field in the second medium can be rewritten by the Graf theorem as follows:
where n [ -q … 0 … q [ -q … [ ]]，m＝[-p…0…p]Q and p are positive integers, rho1、
Respectively as the center O of a circle of the medium column1Polar radius, angle, ρ, of each point after expansion for the origin of polar coordinates2、
Respectively as the center O of a circle of the cavity2The radius and the angle of the polar coordinates of each point after the polar coordinates origin is unfolded,
each point in the cavity is respectively in the center O of the medium column1As the origin of polar coordinates and with the center O of the cavity2The angular difference of the polar origin.
Due to the magnetic field H in the ENZ medium3Are uniformly distributed, according to the boundary conditions, there are:
coefficient of undetermination BnCan be solved by the above formula.
At this time, the overall magnetic flux in fig. 1(b) can be written as:
for the structure in fig. 1(b), the magnetic flux inside it can be written as:
ψ2＝μeffH0S,
since the structure of FIG. 1(a) is equivalent to that of FIG. 1(b), Et1＝Et2，H3＝H0The method comprises the following steps:
ψ1＝ψ2,
thus, the calculation formula for the equivalent permeability of the structure of FIG. 1(b) can be found as:
therefore, for the microwave frequency-selective device of the embodiment of the invention, the dielectric constant of the first dielectric columnrWhen the geometric dimensions and geometrical dimensions of the dielectric pillars are clear, the structural equivalence of the structure of fig. 1(a) to EMNZ (i.e., μ) can be determined by the calculation formula of the structural equivalent permeabilityeff0) is the same as the corresponding frequency point. The microwave frequency-selecting device can be designed by utilizing the theory, and the frequency-selecting point is a structural equivalence EMNZ (namely mu) calculated by a calculation formula of structural equivalent permeabilityeff0) is the corresponding frequency point. Of course, the above method of calculating the equivalent permeability of the structure is only an example, and other methods of calculating the equivalent permeability of the structure may be used to confirm the cutoff frequency of the structure.
As a preferred embodiment, the cutoff frequency of the microwave frequency-selective device is set to a preset value by adjusting the structural parameters of the microwave frequency-selective device, wherein the structural parameters include the dielectric constant of the dielectric column, the geometric dimension of the dielectric column, the dielectric constant of the second medium and the geometric dimension of the cavity of the ENZ waveguide box. Namely, if the frequency point to be selected is clear, the dielectric constant of the dielectric column, the geometric dimension of the dielectric column, the dielectric constant of the second medium and the geometric dimension of the cavity of the waveguide box can be reversely deduced by using a calculation formula of the equivalent magnetic permeability of the structure, so that the device can meet the parameter requirement.
As a preferred embodiment, the hollow ENZ waveguide box has a metal shell and is filled with foamed polyethylene, but the above structure is only an example, and other implementations of the ENZ waveguide box can be used to obtain the equivalent ENZ medium of the embodiment of the present invention. As an example, the cut-off frequency of the metal box (the frequency of implementing the ENZ) can be changed by changing the filler in the metal box (for example, changing the polyethylene foam into sponge, teflon, etc.), and the electromagnetic total transmission of the cut-off frequency point can still be realized by calculating the radius and the material of the size ring according to the formula.
As a preferred embodiment, the cross section of the hollow ENZ waveguide box is rectangular, the shell of the hollow ENZ waveguide box is of a metal structure, and the interior of the hollow ENZ waveguide box is filled with foamed polyethylene;
as a further preference, the microwave frequency selective device further comprises two rectangular waveguides for inputting and outputting electromagnetic wave signals, respectively. Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a specific implementation form of the microwave frequency selective device according to the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, the microwave frequency-selective device is composed of two identical rectangular waveguides and a square metal rectangular waveguide box; as an example, the rectangular waveguide has a width of 42.09mm and a height (z direction) of 63.13mm, and is filled with polytetrafluoroethylene material (C: (R))r12), polytetrafluoroethylene is filled in the rectangular waveguides of the incident and emergent ports so as to obtain a lower cut-off frequency of the square metal waveguide box, and the electromagnetic wave of 2.084GHz can be transmitted normally; the square rectangular waveguide box structure has the frequency-selecting function, the side length of the metal box is 172.72mm, the height (z direction) is 55.37mm, the metal cavity is filled with foamed polyethylene,r31.3); the boundaries of the entire structure are metal. In TE10In the wave mode, the cut-off frequency of the metal cavity is 2.084GHz (lambda)0146mm) while at this cut-off frequency point the space of the metal waveguide box may be equivalent to the ENZ medium. Subsequently, an air column with a circular cross section is excavated along the z-axis at any position in the expanded polyethylene in the metal cavity, the radius R of the air column can be freely determined, but should not be too large, in this case, the radius R is 0.2 lambda0The air column is as high as the metal cavity. In the air column, a piezoelectric ceramic dielectric column (a) with the same height and a circular cross section is concentrically nestedr210, μ r ═ 1) (note: the material of the dielectric pillar can be freely selected, but a high dielectric constant material is preferably used). According to the cut-off frequency of the metal waveguide box, the radius R of the air column and the material of the dielectric column, the radius R of the dielectric column is determined to be 0.11579 lambda through calculation0The entire metal waveguide box system is now equivalent to an EMNZ medium. At the moment, the metal box system only enables the electromagnetic wave of 2.084GHz to pass through to achieve selectionAnd (4) frequency filtering effect. Since the electromagnetic properties of the structure are very sensitive to the frequency of the electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic transmission is prevented immediately upon a change in the frequency of the electromagnetic waves. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of full-wave simulation of a specific implementation form of the microwave frequency selective device according to the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, the result of the numerical calculation of the transmission coefficient of the structure in the 2.0-2.3GHz band by using the full-wave simulation calculation software COMSOL is that the transmission coefficient is 0dB (namely, full transmission) except at the 2.084GHz frequency point, and the transmission peak is very sharp, namely, once the transmission coefficient deviates from the frequency point, the transmission coefficient of the device is rapidly reduced, and a good frequency selection effect is achieved.
As a preferred scheme, the purpose of nesting the dielectric columns in the air ring in the device is to flexibly adjust the transmittance of the frequency selection point, so that the performance of the whole device for transmitting electromagnetic waves can be effectively adjusted, and flexible adjustment of transmission amplitude and phase is realized, that is, at the frequency point of the cut-off frequency (as an example, the frequency point is 2.084GHz), the transmittance of the device can be flexibly adjusted by moving the position of the dielectric column in the air column (adjusting the eccentricity). Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of eccentricity and device transmittance of a specific implementation form of the microwave frequency-selective device according to the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 4, the abscissa represents the eccentricity, the zero point of the abscissa represents the concentricity of the inner and outer cylinders, and the inner medium cylinder moves in the-y direction, the eccentricity is a negative number, otherwise, the eccentricity is a positive number, the transmittance change curve of the whole structure along with the eccentricity is calculated by theory, and the system is equivalent to an EMNZ medium and is full transmission when the inner and outer cylinders are concentric; as the inner dielectric cylinder moves (± y), the transmission is very sensitive to eccentricity and exhibits a rapid, symmetrical drop.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The microwave frequency-selecting device based on the waveguide is characterized by comprising a hollow waveguide box and a medium column, wherein the waveguide box is of a cylindrical structure, a cavity of the waveguide box is of a cylindrical structure, the cavity of the waveguide box is used for accommodating a first medium column and a second medium, the first medium column is of a cylindrical structure, the radius of the first medium column is smaller than that of the cavity, the second medium is filled in a gap part between the cavity and the first medium column, a frequency point when the equivalent magnetic permeability of the microwave frequency-selecting device is zero is obtained, and the frequency point is the cut-off frequency of the microwave frequency-selecting device.
2. The waveguide-based microwave frequency-selective device of claim 1, wherein a frequency point when the equivalent permeability of the microwave frequency-selective device is zero is obtained according to a calculation formula of the equivalent permeability of the microwave frequency-selective device, and the equivalent permeability μeffThe calculation formula (2) is specifically as follows:
wherein, murIs the relative permeability, H, of the first dielectric column3The magnetic field in the waveguide box when the waveguide box works at the medium frequency point of the waveguide box in a TE10 mode, S is the cross-sectional area of the microwave frequency-selecting device, S3Is the cross-sectional area, S, of the waveguide box2Is the cross-sectional area, S, of the cavity of the waveguide box1Is the cross-sectional area of the first media column, Jn(-) represents the first Bessel function of order n, k1Is the wave number, k, of the first dielectric pillar2Is the wave number, p, of said second medium1、
Respectively as the center O of the first medium column1Polar radius, angle, ρ, of each point after expansion for the origin of polar coordinates2、
Respectively as the center O of a circle of the cavity2Polar of each point after expansion for origin of polar coordinatesThe radius of the coordinates, the angle,
each point in the cavity is respectively positioned at the center O of the first medium column1As the origin of polar coordinates and with the center O of the cavity2Angle difference of origin of polar coordinates, Nn(-) represents a Bessel function of order n, d is the eccentricity of said first dielectric cylinder, BnAnd CnRespectively, are undetermined coefficients.
3. A waveguide-based microwave frequency-selective device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the structural parameters of the microwave frequency-selective device, including the dielectric constant of the first dielectric column, the geometric dimension of the first dielectric column, the dielectric constant of the second dielectric column and the geometric dimension of the cavity of the waveguide box, are adjusted to make the cut-off frequency of the microwave frequency-selective device a preset value.
4. A waveguide-based microwave frequency-selective device as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the structural parameters of the microwave frequency-selective device are adjusted according to a calculation of the equivalent permeability of the microwave frequency-selective device, said equivalent permeability μeffThe calculation formula (2) is specifically as follows:
wherein, murIs the relative permeability, H, of the first dielectric column3The magnetic field in the waveguide box when the waveguide box works at the medium frequency point of the waveguide box in a TE10 mode, S is the cross-sectional area of the microwave frequency-selecting device, S3Is the cross-sectional area, S, of the waveguide box2Is the cross-sectional area, S, of the cavity of the waveguide box1Is the cross-sectional area of the first media column, Jn(-) represents the first Bessel function of order n, k1Is the wave number, k, of the first dielectric pillar2Is the wave number, p, of said second medium1、
Respectively as the center O of the first medium column1Polar radius, angle, ρ, of each point after expansion for the origin of polar coordinates2、
Respectively as the center O of a circle of the cavity2The radius and the angle of the polar coordinates of each point after the polar coordinates origin is unfolded,
each point in the cavity is respectively positioned at the center O of the first medium column1As the origin of polar coordinates and with the center O of the cavity2Angle difference of origin of polar coordinates, Nn(-) represents a Bessel function of order n, d is the eccentricity of said first dielectric cylinder, BnAnd CnRespectively, are undetermined coefficients.
5. A waveguide-based microwave frequency-selective device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the housing of the waveguide box is of a metal structure, and the interior of the housing is filled with foamed polyethylene.
6. A waveguide based microwave frequency selective device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the cross-section of the waveguide box is rectangular.
7. A waveguide based microwave frequency selective device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the adjustment of the transmissivity of the microwave frequency selective device is achieved by moving the position of the first dielectric pillar in the cavity of the waveguide box.
8. A waveguide based microwave frequency selective device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second medium is air.
9. A waveguide based microwave frequency selective device according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the cut-off frequency of the waveguide box is 2.084 GHz.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112952313A (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-06-11 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | Microwave frequency-selecting device based on waveguide |
| CN112952313B (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-10-01 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | Microwave frequency-selecting device based on band gap closed loop |
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| CN111540990B (en) | 2021-03-09 |
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