CN111540904A - Lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode material, preparation method thereof and lithium-sulfur battery - Google Patents
Lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode material, preparation method thereof and lithium-sulfur battery Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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Abstract
A sulfur-containing cathode material is provided, which comprises polar functional groups including-COOH, -OH, -C-O-C-, -NH2One or more of; the content of the polar functional group accounts for 3-10% of the mass of the cathode material. Also provided are a method of preparing the positive electrode material and a lithium sulfur battery comprising the positive electrode material. The invention provides a functional group rich in polar groups (including-COOH, -OH, -C-O-C-, -NH)2) The cathode material can anchor polysulfide ions on the cathode material, and solves the shuttle problem of polysulfide. Meanwhile, the content of polar functional groups in the anode material is 3% -10%, and the chemical adsorption effect in the adsorption effect on polysulfide under the contentThe adsorption process of polysulfide is a spontaneous heat absorption process, and the adsorption process absorbs a large amount of heat generated by the battery, so that the thermal safety of the battery is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of chemical power sources, and particularly relates to a lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode material, a preparation method thereof and a lithium-sulfur battery.
Background
The dissolution of polysulfide, an intermediate product of lithium-sulfur battery discharge, in an electrolyte solution causes a serious shuttling effect, and the process is a heat generation process, so that the potential safety hazard of the battery is caused. The adsorption of the common sulfur-carbon anode material conductive carbon carrier to polysulfide is mainly dominated by physical adsorption (heat dissipation process), and polysulfide is difficult to fix due to weak adsorption. The transition metal oxide carrier anode material capable of forming chemical bond adsorption with polysulfide has poor electron conductivity and low sulfur loading capacity. The patent CN107673350A uses polyethyleneimine modified biomass charcoal to modify lithium sulfur battery diaphragm, and shuttle effect is inhibited through cation adsorption of amino, but polysulfide adsorbed by diaphragm layer blocks diaphragm in long-term circulation and prevents Li+And (5) transporting.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks, the present invention provides a sulfur-containing cathode material, a method of preparing the same, and a lithium-sulfur battery comprising the cathode material.
The invention provides a sulfur-containing cathode material which comprises a polar functional group, wherein the polar functional group comprises-COOH, -OH, -C-O-C-, -NH2One or more of; the content of the polar functional group accounts for 3-10% of the mass of the cathode material.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the sulfur-containing cathode material, which comprises the following steps: providing a carbon material; treating the carbon material to obtain a carbon material loaded with oxygen-containing functional groups; and forming a sulfur-containing cathode material comprising the oxygen-containing functional group-supporting carbon material; wherein the content of the polar functional group in the carbon material loaded with the oxygen-containing functional group accounts for 3-10% of the mass of the cathode material.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the sulfur-containing cathode material, which comprises the following steps: providing a carbon material; treating the carbon material to obtain a carbon material loaded with oxygen-containing functional groups; mixing and reacting the carbon material loaded with the oxygen-containing functional groups with an amino crosslinking agent and an amino-rich high molecular polymer in a solvent, and grafting the amino-rich high molecular polymer onto the carbon material to obtain a carbon material containing polar functional groups; and forming a sulfur-containing positive electrode material comprising the polar functional group-containing carbon material; wherein the content of the polar functional group in the carbon material containing the polar functional group accounts for 3-10% of the mass of the positive electrode material.
In another aspect, the present invention further provides a lithium sulfur battery comprising the above-described positive electrode material for a lithium sulfur battery.
The invention provides a functional group rich in polar groups (including-COOH, -OH, -C-O-C-, -NH)2) The cathode material can anchor polysulfide ions on the cathode material, and solves the shuttle problem of polysulfide. Meanwhile, the content of the polar functional group in the positive electrode material is 3% -10%, and the chemical adsorption effect is dominant in the adsorption effect on polysulfide under the content, so that the adsorption process on polysulfide is a spontaneous heat absorption process, a large amount of heat generated by the battery is absorbed in the adsorption process, the thermal safety of the battery is improved, and the adsorption effect on polysulfide can be further improved by the absorbed heat.
Drawings
The above and other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing detection of Z4 vs Li on the carrier prepared in example 42S8Comparative photograph of adsorption capacity of (1).
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
The sulfur-containing cathode material comprises polar functional groups, wherein the polar functional groups comprise-COOH, -OH, -C-O-C-, -NH2One or more of; the content of the polar functional group accounts for 3-10% of the mass of the anode material.
The positive electrode material is rich in polar functional groupsEnergy groups (including-COOH, -OH, -C-O-C-, -NH)2) Polysulfide ions can be anchored on the anode material, and the shuttle problem of polysulfide is solved. Meanwhile, the content of the polar functional group in the positive electrode material is 3% -10%, and the chemical adsorption effect is dominant in the adsorption effect on polysulfide under the content, so that the adsorption process on polysulfide is a spontaneous heat absorption process, a large amount of heat generated by the battery is absorbed by the adsorption process, and the thermal safety of the battery is improved.
The polar functional group in the positive electrode material may be supported on a carrier.
In a preferred embodiment, the support may be a carbon material. When the polar functional group is loaded on the carrier, a large amount of heat released in the discharging process of the lithium-sulfur battery can promote part of chemical bonds in carrier molecules to break after absorbing energy, so that more adsorption active sites are exposed, and the adsorption capacity of the carrier on polysulfide can be further enhanced.
In one embodiment, the sulfur-containing cathode material of the present invention may be prepared by the following method. Firstly, loading oxygen-containing functional groups on a carbon material; and then mixing the carbon material loaded with the oxygen-containing functional group with other anode materials to form a sulfur-containing anode material, wherein the content of the oxygen-containing functional group in the sulfur-containing anode material accounts for 3-10% of the total mass of the anode material.
The process of forming oxygen-containing functional groups and amino groups is explained below by taking the carbon material as biomass charcoal as an example, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the carbon material is not limited to biomass charcoal, and may be any carbon material used in a sulfur-carbon positive electrode material. The biomass charcoal can be obtained by carbonizing any suitable biomass serving as a raw material. For example, but not limited to, biomass such as redroot waste, pomelo peel, coconut shell, pine nut shell, etc. is used as a raw material, and the raw material is washed, dried, crushed, sieved, immersed in 25 to 40% phosphoric acid solution (mass ratio biomass: phosphoric acid solution is 1:10), and immersed for 5 to 12 hours after ultrasonic treatment. Filtering and drying to obtain a biomass charcoal precursor material; and (3) carbonizing the precursor at high temperature in a nitrogen atmosphere, heating to 600 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2h, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the biomass charcoal, wherein the heating rate is 5 ℃/min.
The loading of the oxygen-containing functional group on the biomass charcoal may be any suitable manner. For example, but not limited to, adding biomass charcoal to an alkaline solution and stirring so that oxygen-containing groups (e.g., -COOH, -OH, -C-O-C-) are loaded onto the biomass charcoal. And then carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the biomass charcoal to be neutral by using deionized water, and drying to obtain the biomass charcoal loaded with the oxygen-containing functional group.
And finally, mixing the biomass charcoal loaded with the oxygen-containing functional group with other materials suitable for the lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode to form the lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode material.
In another embodiment, the biomass charcoal loaded with oxygen-containing functional groups can be used for grafting high molecular polymer rich in amino groups on the biomass charcoal, so that the amino groups (-NH) are loaded on the carrier2)。
Specifically, biomass charcoal loaded with oxygen-containing functional groups is mixed with an amino crosslinking agent and a high molecular polymer rich in amino in a solvent for reaction, and the high molecular polymer rich in amino is grafted to the biomass charcoal to obtain the biomass charcoal containing polar functional groups. The mass ratio of the biomass charcoal, the amino crosslinking agent, the high molecular polymer rich in amino groups and the reaction conditions can be properly selected according to actual needs, such as but not limited to mass ratio of 50-70: 5-10: 50-80. Ultrasonically dispersing a mixed solution containing the biomass charcoal, an amino cross-linking agent and rich amino for 30-60min, magnetically stirring for 12-24h, centrifuging the reaction solution, washing with deionized water, and drying at 60-80 ℃.
In a preferred embodiment, the amino crosslinking agent comprises one or more of 1-ethyl-3-3-dimethylaminopropyl, N-hydroxysuccinimide ester, triethanolamine, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, triethylenediamine, and the like; the amino-rich high molecular polymer comprises one or more of polyethyleneimine, polyacrylamide and other amino monomer copolymers such as polyacrylamide and polyacrylamide.
The invention also provides a lithium-sulfur battery comprising the cathode material.
The inventive concept of the present invention is explained in detail below by examples and comparative examples. The reagents used in the following examples and comparative examples are all commercially available chemical reagents unless otherwise specified.
Preparation of a support containing polar functional groups
Example 1
Cleaning Lihua residue with tap water, oven drying, pulverizing, and sieving (0-1 mm). The sieved powder was immersed in a 20% phosphoric acid solution (mass ratio biomass: phosphoric acid solution: 1:10), sonicated for 1h and then immersed for 5 h. Filtering and drying to obtain the biomass charcoal precursor material. And (3) carbonizing the precursor at high temperature in a nitrogen atmosphere, heating to 600 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2h, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the biomass charcoal body material, wherein the heating rate is 5 ℃/min. Adding the biomass porous carbon into a 2M KOH solution, stirring and reacting for 2h, then carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the biomass carbon with deionized water to be neutral, and drying to obtain the pretreated biomass porous carbon carrier Z1.
Example 2
Cleaning pericarpium Citri Grandis with tap water, oven drying, pulverizing, and sieving (0-1 mm). The sieved powder was immersed in a 30% phosphoric acid solution (mass ratio biomass: phosphoric acid solution: 1:10), sonicated for 1h and then immersed for 8.5 h. Filtering and drying to obtain the biomass charcoal precursor material. And (3) carbonizing the precursor at high temperature in a nitrogen atmosphere, heating to 600 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2h, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the biomass charcoal body material, wherein the heating rate is 5 ℃/min. Adding the biomass porous carbon into a 2M KOH solution, stirring and reacting for 3h, then carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the biomass carbon with deionized water to be neutral, and drying to obtain the pretreated biomass porous carbon carrier Z2.
Example 3
Washing coconut shell with tap water, oven drying, pulverizing, and sieving (0-1 mm). The sieved powder was immersed in a 40% phosphoric acid solution (mass ratio biomass: phosphoric acid solution: 1:10), sonicated for 1h and then immersed for 12 h. Filtering and drying to obtain the biomass charcoal precursor material. And (3) carbonizing the precursor at high temperature in a nitrogen atmosphere, heating to 600 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2h, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the biomass charcoal body material, wherein the heating rate is 5 ℃/min. Adding the biomass porous carbon into a 2M KOH solution, stirring and reacting for 4 hours, then carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the biomass carbon with deionized water to be neutral, and drying to obtain the pretreated biomass porous carbon carrier Z3.
Example 4
5.2g of the redishua residue activated carbon obtained in example 1 was dispersed in 200ml of deionized water and subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 30min to obtain a dispersion 1. Sequentially adding 0.5g of 1-ethyl-3-3-dimethylaminopropyl and 6.1g of polyethyleneimine into the dispersion solution 1, ultrasonically dispersing for 30min, then stirring for 12h by magnetic force, grafting an amino-rich polymer onto activated carbon by utilizing the interaction of hydroxyl and carboxyl in the biomass activated carbon and a cross-linking agent, centrifuging, washing with deionized water, and drying at 60 ℃ to obtain the polyethyleneimine-loaded religious flower activated carbon Z4.
Example 5
5.2g of the shaddock peel-based activated carbon obtained in example 2 was dispersed in 200ml of ethanol, and the mixture was subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes to obtain a dispersion 1. And sequentially adding 0.75N-hydroxysuccinimide ester and 7.5g of polyacrylamide into the dispersion liquid 1, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 45min, then performing magnetic stirring for 16h, performing centrifugation, washing with deionized water, and drying at 70 ℃ to obtain the polyacrylamide-loaded shaddock peel-based biomass active carbon-sulfur carrier Z5.
Example 6
5.2g of the coconut shell activated carbon obtained in example 3 was dispersed in 200ml of methanol and sonicated for 30min to obtain dispersion 1. Sequentially adding 1.1g of triethanolamine and 8.3g of polyacryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride into the dispersion solution 1, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 60min, then performing magnetic stirring for 24h, performing centrifugation, washing with deionized water, and drying at 80 ℃ to obtain the coconut shell biomass activated carbon-sulfur carrier Z6 loaded with the polyacryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride.
Lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode material preparation
Mixing carriers Z1-Z6 with sublimed sulfur respectively according to the weight ratio of 30: 70, grinding and mixing, and treating at 155 ℃ for 12h to respectively obtain the positive electrode materials P1-P6 of the lithium-sulfur battery.
Comparative example 1
Commercially available graphene oxide and sublimed sulfur were mixed in 30: grinding and mixing at the ratio of 70, and treating at 155 ℃ for 12 hours.
Detection of polar functional groups in positive electrode material
With acetic anhydride-pyridine-homoThe chloric acid acetylation method is used for detecting the contents of-OH and-COOH in the positive electrode materials P1-P6 and the comparative example 1. Detection of-NH in cathode materials P1-P6 and comparative example 1 by acid titration2And (4) content.
Pole piece preparation, battery assembly and test
According to the proportion of 70: 20: 10, dissolving the binder in a solvent, grinding and blending the positive electrode material and the conductive agent, adding the mixed binder to mix slurry, coating the mixed slurry on an aluminum foil by a scraper, and drying at 60 ℃ for 12 hours. Wherein, the binder and the conductive agent are common materials of a lithium-sulfur battery system.
And stamping the prepared sulfur positive electrode into a 60 x 75 positive electrode sheet, taking a 200-micron-thick 65 x 80 lithium strip as a negative electrode, selecting a celgard2400 diaphragm as the diaphragm, dissolving 1M LiTFSI in DOL/DME at a ratio of 1:1V/V, and assembling the single-piece soft-package battery, wherein the mass ratio E/S of the electrolyte to the active sulfur is 10: 1.
The electrochemical performance test adopts a blue charge-discharge test device to carry out 0.1C/0.1C charge-discharge at 25 ℃, and the test results are detailed in Table 1.
TABLE 1
The data in table 1 show that the capacity retention rate of the positive electrode material of the present invention after 100 cycles is significantly improved compared with a battery composed of a positive electrode material with a low polar functional group content, and it can be proved that the positive electrode material of the present invention can improve the cycle performance of a lithium-sulfur battery.
2 8Detection of LiS adsorption Performance
The vector Z4 prepared in example 4 was placed in glass vials B, C and D, respectively. 7.5ml of the electrolyte was poured into glass bottles A, B, C and D, respectively, and Li was added to each bottle2S8Li in electrolyte2S8The concentration was 5 mM. The glass bottles were kept at different temperatures and after 10 hours the carriers Z4 were observed for Li2S8And (4) adsorption performance. The vector Z4 and the detection conditions are shown in Table 2. After 10 hoursThe sheet is shown in figure 1.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from FIG. 1, it can be seen that glass vials B, C and D, in which the inventive carrier is at different temperatures for Li, are shown relative to glass vial A2S8All have adsorption capacity. Meanwhile, comparing the glass bottles B, C and D, it can be seen that the adsorption capacity of the carrier of the present invention is enhanced with an increase in temperature. It can be understood that the positive electrode material of the present invention contains a predetermined content of polar functional groups at which chemisorption dominates in the adsorption of polysulfides, which results in a process in which the adsorption of polysulfides is spontaneous endothermic. When this cathode material is applied to the battery, this adsorption process will absorb a large amount of batteries heat production to promote the thermal safety of battery, and the absorptive heat can further promote the adsorption effect to the polysulfide.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A sulfur-containing positive electrode material comprising a polar functional group, wherein the polar functional group comprises-COOH, -OH, -C-O-C-, -NH2One or more of; the content of the polar functional group accounts for 3-10% of the mass of the cathode material.
2. The sulfur-containing positive electrode material according to claim 1, wherein the polar functional group is supported on a carrier.
3. The sulfur-containing cathode material according to claim 2, wherein the support is a carbon material.
4. The sulfur-containing cathode material according to claim 2, wherein the support is a biomass charcoal.
5. A method for preparing a sulfur-containing cathode material, comprising:
providing a carbon material;
treating the carbon material to obtain a carbon material loaded with oxygen-containing functional groups; and
forming a sulfur-containing cathode material comprising the oxygen-containing functional group-supporting carbon material;
wherein the content of the polar functional group in the carbon material loaded with the oxygen-containing functional group accounts for 3-10% of the mass of the cathode material.
6. A method for preparing a sulfur-containing cathode material, comprising:
providing a carbon material;
treating the carbon material to obtain a carbon material loaded with oxygen-containing functional groups;
mixing and reacting the carbon material loaded with the oxygen-containing functional groups with an amino crosslinking agent and an amino-rich high molecular polymer in a solvent, and grafting the amino-rich high molecular polymer onto the carbon material to obtain a carbon material containing polar functional groups; and
forming a sulfur-containing positive electrode material comprising the polar functional group-containing carbon material;
wherein the content of the polar functional group in the carbon material containing the polar functional group accounts for 3-10% of the mass of the positive electrode material.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the amino crosslinker comprises one or more of 1-ethyl-3-3-dimethylaminopropyl, N-hydroxysuccinimide ester, triethanolamine, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, triethylenediamine, and the like; the amino-rich high molecular polymer comprises one or more of polyethyleneimine, polyacrylamide and other amino monomer copolymers such as polyacrylamide and poly (oxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride).
8. The method of claim 5 or 6, wherein the polar functional group comprises-COOH, -OH, -C-O-C-, -NH2One or more of (a).
9. A lithium-sulfur battery comprising the positive electrode material for a lithium-sulfur battery according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
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| CN112599754A (en) * | 2021-01-09 | 2021-04-02 | 福州大学 | Polymer modified composite positive electrode for lithium-sulfur battery and preparation method thereof |
| CN113577554A (en) * | 2021-07-05 | 2021-11-02 | 溥畅(杭州)智能科技有限公司 | Separated fiber-based galvanic cell and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200814 |