CN111537891A - Storage battery operation parameter online sensing and health model construction system and method - Google Patents
Storage battery operation parameter online sensing and health model construction system and method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
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- 244000241872 Lycium chinense Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000015468 Lycium chinense Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008447 perception Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
- G01R31/387—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
- G01R31/388—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC involving voltage measurements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a storage battery operation parameter online sensing and health model building system and a method, which comprises a storage battery operation parameter online sensing unit and an information transmission unit, wherein the storage battery operation parameter online sensing unit is used for acquiring parameters influencing the service life and the operation state of a storage battery; the information transmission unit is used for constructing a health model of the battery according to the acquired parameters. According to the invention, the operation parameters of the storage battery are sensed on line, the obtained parameters are fed back, and the health model of the battery is constructed on the basis of the operation parameters, so that the guarantee capability of the power grid communication service is improved, and the effects of reducing the use cost and maintenance work caused by blind replacement of the storage battery are achieved while the safe and stable operation of the power system is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of storage battery information acquisition and model construction, in particular to a storage battery operation parameter online perception and health model construction system and method.
Background
Valve-regulated lead-acid batteries (VRLA) are used in large quantities in the power sector in recent years, and due to the characteristics of no pollution, less maintenance and the like, the VRLA has comprehensively replaced the traditional storage batteries at present. However, the VRLA batteries of various manufacturers have different quality, and many users of power systems lacking battery testing and maintenance plans have been trained to be painful, that is, when the mains supply is powered off, the system fails to maintain for several minutes and falls into paralysis, and the factor causing the serious consequences is derived from the batteries. Many power system users have recognized that potential hazards to the battery can be timely discovered by monitoring the battery in real time. It is therefore important to develop a complete, efficient, periodic battery maintenance test protocol. In the long run, not only can the safe operation of system be guaranteed but also a large amount of maintenance cost can be saved and unnecessary loss can be avoided.
In order to realize effective maintenance of the storage battery system, a large number of scientific and technical personnel at home and abroad develop a plurality of methods for detecting the storage battery performance, such as a capacity discharge method, a voltage inspection method, a humidity measurement method, a conductivity measurement method, a midpoint method, a discharge curve, an internal resistance method and the like. In practical application, the above methods have advantages and disadvantages, and the more common methods mainly include: capacity discharge method, voltage polling method. However, the capacity discharge method generally requires a long time, and the voltage patrol method often has difficulty in truly reflecting the operation condition of the storage battery. Because the circuit principles of the two methods are simpler, a plurality of storage battery tester manufacturers in China currently adopt the two methods to realize the maintenance of the storage battery. Many famous storage battery test equipment manufacturers abroad begin to research the relation between the internal resistance of the storage battery and the performance of the storage battery very early, and obtain many favorable results, and the storage battery test equipment manufacturers apply the storage battery test equipment to practice to obtain better effects. At present, a few manufacturers in China are conducting the research, the performance of the storage battery is judged by using an internal resistance detection method, and the online maintenance of the maintenance-free sealed lead-acid storage battery is realized, so that the method is one of the best schemes recognized at present. However, the internal resistance of the storage battery is generally very small, and at full capacity, the internal resistance is generally several milliohms, even several zero milliohms, and the internal resistance of the storage battery of 400Ah is about 0.5 milliohm, so the internal resistance method has great technical difficulty in realization.
At present, research on the relation between the internal resistance and the capacity of the storage battery is not earnestly carried out abroad, and related products such as Alber company in the united states and japanese domestic company have corresponding products, but the internal resistance of the storage battery is very small, and the change of the capacity of the storage battery is a very complicated electrochemical reaction process, so that the precision of the internal resistance measurement and the capacity estimation is difficult to achieve very high.
In recent years, the development of a storage battery monitoring system gradually tends to the light miniaturization, high reliability, remote control and the like of equipment, and further optimizing the intelligent management of a storage battery and prolonging the service life of the storage battery is one of the primary tasks of the storage battery monitoring system. In addition, to date, there is no internationally recognized simple and rapid method for calculating battery capacity, which is one direction in which intensive research is needed in the future.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a system and a method for online sensing of storage battery operation parameters and construction of a health model, which can improve the guarantee capability of power grid communication service by online sensing of the storage battery operation parameters and construction of the health model, and reduce the use cost and maintenance work caused by blind storage battery replacement while ensuring the safe and stable operation of a power system.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides the following:
in one aspect of the embodiment of the invention, a system for online sensing of battery operating parameters and building a health model is provided, which comprises a battery operating parameter online sensing unit and an information transmission unit, wherein,
the storage battery operation parameter online sensing unit is used for acquiring parameters influencing the service life and the operation state of the storage battery;
the information transmission unit is used for constructing a health model of the battery according to the acquired parameters.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, the parameters include a battery electromotive force, an open-circuit voltage, and an operating voltage; and the number of the first and second electrodes,
the value of the battery electromotive force is the same as the open-circuit voltage when the steady state is reached;
the operating voltage of the battery is lower than the open circuit voltage in a state where the battery is on-load.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, the parameter includes a battery capacity.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, the battery capacity includes a rated capacity and an actual capacity.
As a preferable scheme of the present invention, the parameter includes an internal resistance, and the internal resistance includes an ohmic internal resistance and a polarization internal resistance;
the ohmic internal resistance increases linearly with increasing logarithmic value of the current density.
As a preferred aspect of the present invention, the parameter includes cycle life.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, the parameter includes a battery energy, and the battery energy includes an actual battery energy and a theoretical battery energy.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the battery energy is used as the comparison parameter, the specific energy is used for comparison, and the relationship between the actual specific energy and the theoretical specific energy of the battery is as follows:
Wfruit of Chinese wolfberry＝WTheory of things× KV × KR × Km, wherein,
Wfruit of Chinese wolfberryW is the actual specific energyTheory of thingsFor theoretical specific energy, KV is voltage efficiency, KR is reflection efficiency, and Km is mass efficiency.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, the parameter includes a storage property, and the storage property is expressed as a percentage of a capacity decrease during self-discharge per unit time.
In another aspect of the invention, the invention also provides a storage battery operation parameter online sensing and health model building method, which adopts the storage battery operation parameter online sensing and health model building system.
The embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
the operation parameters of the storage battery are sensed on line, the obtained parameters are fed back, and the health model of the battery is constructed on the basis of the operation parameters, so that the guarantee capability of the power grid communication service is improved, the safe and stable operation of a power system is ensured, and meanwhile, the use cost and the maintenance work caused by blind storage battery replacement are reduced.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a storage battery operation parameter online sensing and health model building system which comprises a storage battery operation parameter online sensing unit and an information transmission unit, wherein parameters influencing the service life and the operation state of a storage battery are obtained through a sensing technology, and a health model of the storage battery is built.
The specific parameters mainly comprise:
the first method comprises the following steps: electromotive force, open circuit voltage, and operating voltage of battery
When the conductors for the battery are externally connected, the electrochemical reactions of the positive and negative electrodes spontaneously proceed, and if the electric energy and chemical energy conversion in the battery reaches equilibrium, the difference between the equilibrium electrode potential of the positive electrode and the equilibrium electrode potential of the negative electrode is the battery electromotive force, which is numerically equal to the open circuit voltage at which a stable value is reached. The product of the electromotive force and the unit electric quantity represents the maximum electric work that can be performed by the unit electric quantity. However, the meaning of the battery electroheat and the open-circuit voltage is different: the electromotive force can be calculated by thermodynamics or by measurement depending on the reaction in the battery, and has a definite physical meaning. The latter is only numerically close to the electromotive force, depending on the degree of reversibility of the battery. The terminal voltage of the battery in the open state is referred to as an open voltage. The open circuit voltage of the battery is equal to the difference between the positive electrode potential and the negative electrode potential of the battery. The battery operating voltage refers to the terminal voltage at which the battery has current flowing (closed circuit). The operating voltage at the beginning of the discharge of the battery is referred to as the initial voltage. After the battery is connected with a load, the working voltage of the battery is lower than the open-circuit voltage due to the existence of ohmic resistance and polarization overpotential.
And the second method comprises the following steps: capacity of
The battery capacity refers to the amount of electricity stored in the battery, and is denoted by symbol C. The unit of ampere hour is commonly used, and is abbreviated as ampere hour (Ah) or milliampere hour (mAh). The capacity of the battery can be classified into a rated capacity (nominal capacity), an actual capacity.
(1) Rated capacity: the rated capacity is a capacity at which the battery should discharge a minimum amount of electricity (Ah) by discharging the battery at a current rate of 10 hours at an ambient temperature of 25 ℃.
a. Discharge rate: the discharge rate is the discharge current of the storage battery and is divided into a time rate and a current rate. The discharge time rate refers to the time from discharge to discharge end voltage under a certain discharge condition. According to the IEC standard, the discharge time rates are 20, 10, 5, 3, 1, 0.5 hour and minute rates, respectively expressed as: 20Hr, 10Hr, 5Hr, 3Hr, 2Hr, 1Hr, 0.5Hr, etc.
b. Discharge end voltage: the lead accumulator is discharged at a certain discharge rate at 25 deg.C to the lowest voltage which can be used for repeated charging, and is called the discharge end voltage. Most stationary batteries are specified to have a terminal voltage of 1.8V/cell at 10Hr discharge (25 ℃). The value of the termination voltage depends on the rate of discharge and the requirements. Generally, for safe operation of the battery, a small current less than 10Hr discharges with a slightly higher termination voltage, a large current greater than 10Hr discharges with a slightly lower termination voltage. In a communication power supply system, the end voltage of battery discharge is determined by the base voltage requirement of the communication device. The discharge current rate is set for comparison of the magnitude of discharge current of the secondary batteries having different nominal capacities, and is generally represented by I10 with a current rate of 10 hours as a standard, and I3 and I1 with a discharge current rate of 3 hours and 1 hour, respectively.
c. Rated capacity: the fixed lead-acid battery is specified to have a rated capacity that can be reached by discharging at a current rate of 10 hours to a final voltage in an environment of 25 ℃. The 10 hour rate rated capacity is represented by C10. The current value at 10 hours rate is represented by capacity at other hours rate, the capacity at 3 hours rate (Ah) is represented by C3, the measured capacity at 25 ℃ ambient temperature (Ah) is the product of discharge current and discharge time (h), and the values of C3 and I3 of the valve-regulated lead-acid fixed-type battery are:
C3＝0.75C10(Ah)；
I3＝2.5I10(h)；
the 1 hour capacity (Ah) is indicated as C1, and the measured C1 and I1 values are:
C1＝0.55C10(Ah)；
I1＝5.5I10(h)。
(2) actual capacity
The actual capacity refers to the amount of electricity that the battery can output under certain conditions. It is equal to the product of the discharge current and the discharge time in Ah.
3. Internal resistance of
The internal resistance of the battery comprises ohmic internal resistance and polarized internal resistance, and the polarized internal resistance comprises electrochemical polarization and concentration polarization. The existence of the internal resistance enables the terminal voltage of the battery during discharging to be lower than the electromotive force and the open-circuit voltage of the battery, and the terminal voltage during charging to be higher than the electromotive force and the open-circuit voltage. The internal resistance of the battery is not constant and constantly changes with time during the charge and discharge processes because the composition of the active material, the concentration of the electrolyte and the temperature are constantly changing.
Ohmic resistance obeys ohm's law; the polarization resistance increases with increasing current density, but is not a linear relationship, and often increases linearly with increasing logarithm of the current density.
4. Cycle life
The battery undergoes one charge and discharge, referred to as one cycle (one period). The number of cycles that a battery can withstand before operating to a specified capacity under a given discharge condition is referred to as the cycle life.
The use cycle times of various storage batteries are different, the traditional fixed lead-acid battery is about 500-600 times, and the starting lead-acid battery is about 300-500 times. The cycle life of the valve-controlled sealed lead-acid battery is 1000-1200 times. The factors influencing the cycle life are the performance of the product of the manufacturer and the quality of maintenance work. The service life of the fixed lead battery can also be measured by the float charge service life (years), and the float charge service life of the valve-controlled sealed lead-acid battery is more than 10 years.
For the starting lead-acid storage battery, according to the standard promulgated by the ministry of electromechanics of China, the service life is represented by the number of units of overcharge endurance and cycle endurance, but not by the number of cycles. That is, the number of overcharge cells should be 4 or more, and the number of cycle endurance cells should be 3 or more.
5. Energy of
The energy of the battery refers to the electric energy given by the storage battery under a certain discharge system, and is generally expressed by watt hour (Wh).
The energy of the battery is divided into theoretical energy and actual energy. Theoretical energy WTheory of thingsAvailable theoretical capacity CTheory of thingsAnd electromotive force (E), namely:
Wtheory of things＝CTheory of thingsE；
The actual energy of the battery is the actual capacity C under a certain discharge conditionFruit of Chinese wolfberryAnd the average operating voltage UFlat plateProduct of, i.e.
WFruit of Chinese wolfberry＝CFruit of Chinese wolfberryUFlat plate
The specific energy is often used to compare different battery systems. The specific energy refers to the electric energy which can be output by the unit mass or the unit volume of the battery, and the unit is Wh/kg or Wh/L respectively.
The specific energy is divided into theoretical specific energy and actual specific energy. The former refers to the theoretical energy that can be output when 1kg of the cell reactant is completely discharged. The actual specific energy is the actual energy that can be output by 1kg of battery reactant.
Due to various factors, the actual specific energy of a battery is much less than the theoretical specific energy. The relationship between the actual specific energy and the theoretical specific energy can be expressed as follows:
Wfruit of Chinese wolfberry＝WTheory of things×KV×KR×Km；
In the formula, KV is voltage efficiency, KR is reflection efficiency, and Km is mass efficiency.
Voltage efficiency refers to the ratio of the operating voltage to the electromotive force of the battery. When the cell is discharged, the operating voltage is less than the electromotive force due to electrochemical polarization, concentration polarization and ohmic drop.
The reaction efficiency indicates the utilization rate of the active material.
The specific energy of the battery is a comprehensive index which reflects the quality level of the battery and also indicates the technical and management level of manufacturers.
6. Storage Properties
During storage of the battery, impurities, such as electropositive metal ions, which may form a microcell with the negative active material, occur in the battery due to dissolution of the negative metal and precipitation of hydrogen gas. If the standard electrode potential of impurities dissolved in the solution and from the positive electrode grid is between the standard electrode potentials of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, the impurities are oxidized by the positive electrode and reduced by the negative electrode. The presence of harmful impurities gradually consumes the positive and negative electrode active materials to cause the loss of capacity of the battery, a phenomenon known as self-discharge.
The self-discharge rate of the cell is expressed as a percentage of the decrease in the internal volume per unit time: namely, the capacity difference before the battery is stored (C10 ') (C10') and the percentage of the storage time T (days, months).
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. A storage battery operation parameter online sensing and health model building system is characterized by comprising a storage battery operation parameter online sensing unit and an information transmission unit, wherein the storage battery operation parameter online sensing unit is connected with the information transmission unit,
the storage battery operation parameter online sensing unit is used for acquiring parameters influencing the service life and the operation state of the storage battery;
the information transmission unit is used for receiving the parameters acquired by the storage battery operation parameter online sensing unit and constructing a health model of the battery.
2. The system for the on-line perception and health model construction of operational parameters of a storage battery according to claim 1, wherein the parameters include a battery electromotive force, an open circuit voltage, and an operating voltage; and the number of the first and second electrodes,
the value of the battery electromotive force is the same as the open-circuit voltage when the steady state is reached;
the operating voltage of the battery is lower than the open circuit voltage in a state where the battery is on-load.
3. The battery operating parameter on-line awareness and health model building system of claim 1, wherein the parameter comprises a battery capacity.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein the battery capacity comprises a nominal capacity and an actual capacity.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the parameters comprise internal resistance, and the internal resistance comprises ohmic internal resistance and polarization internal resistance;
the ohmic internal resistance increases linearly with increasing logarithmic value of the current density.
6. The battery operating parameter on-line awareness and health model building system of claim 1, wherein the parameter comprises cycle life.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the parameters comprise battery energy, and the battery energy comprises actual battery energy and theoretical battery energy.
8. The system for on-line sensing and health model construction of battery operating parameters according to claim 7, wherein when the battery energy is used as the comparison parameter, the specific energy is used for comparison, and the relationship between the actual specific energy and the theoretical specific energy of the battery is as follows:
Wfruit of Chinese wolfberry＝WTheory of things× KV × KR × Km, wherein,
Wfruit of Chinese wolfberryW is the actual specific energyTheory of thingsFor theoretical specific energy, KV is voltage efficiency, KR is reflection efficiency, and Km is mass efficiency.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein the parameters include storage performance, and the storage performance is expressed as a percentage of capacity reduction per unit time during self-discharge.
10. An online sensing and health model building method for storage battery operation parameters is characterized by being realized by the online sensing and health model building system for the storage battery operation parameters according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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Application publication date: 20200814 |