CN111537610A - Sensor array optimization method for damage positioning of metal bent plate - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sensor array optimization method for damage positioning of a metal bent plate, which comprises the following steps of: step S1, designing a metal curved plate, and calculating a frequency dispersion curve of the metal curved plate; step S2, designing at least two groups of ultrasonic guided wave sensor arrays; step S3, obtaining and recording the center frequency and the bandwidth of the ultrasonic guided wave sensor; step S4, the ultrasonic guided wave signals are conducted to the metal curved plate through the signal generator and the amplifier in sequence, and the guided wave signals of different ultrasonic guided wave sensor arrays are stored through the oscilloscope; step S5, the obtained guided wave signal is processed with centralization and normalization pretreatment; step S6, performing band-pass filtering processing on the preprocessed guided wave signals to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the guided wave signals; and step S7, determining the ultrasonic guided wave sensor array with the optimal damage positioning precision. According to the invention, the damage positioning precision is effectively improved by combining the ellipse damage positioning method and the data noise reduction processing technology and screening and optimizing the sensor array.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ultrasonic guided wave nondestructive testing, in particular to a sensor array optimization method for damage positioning of a metal curved plate.
Background
The pressure vessel is special equipment which bears pressure and has explosion danger, is widely applied to a plurality of important industrial fields of national defense and military industry such as aerospace, underwater submarines and the like, and simultaneously, the equipment also relates to a wide range in the field of civil life and has great demand. However, extreme working environments such as high/low temperature, high pressure, etc. may cause leakage or rupture failure of the pressure vessel, thereby greatly endangering the safety of people's lives and property. Through research and statistical analysis, the most prone to failure part of the cylindrical pressure vessel is located in the cylinder body of the cylindrical pressure vessel, and the bent plate structure can be effectively used as a simplified structure of the pressure vessel cylinder body to be analyzed, so that it is necessary to simulate the failure analysis of the cylindrical pressure vessel through health condition research aiming at the metal bent plate structure.
The conventional common health detection means of the metal bent plate structure can be divided into passive detection and active detection, the passive method mainly comprises acoustic emission detection and infrared nondestructive detection, the two methods are easily interfered by noise, and depend on abundant databases and field detection experience, and the qualitative and quantitative damage is dependent on other nondestructive detection methods; the active detection method comprises ultrasonic detection, penetration detection, optical fiber monitoring, magnetic powder inspection, eddy current method and guided wave detection technology.
Compared with other active detection methods, the ultrasonic guided wave detection technology has the advantages of long propagation distance, small attenuation, capability of carrying out overall and large-range detection, capability of realizing on-line monitoring under the condition of equipment operation and the like, and the curved plate structure is large in size and wide in area to be monitored, so that the curved plate damage monitoring technology based on guided waves is selected to effectively carry out real-time monitoring on damage.
In recent decades, ultrasonic guided wave detection technology has been developed rapidly, and its dispersion characteristics and signal characteristics are important research objects for equipment damage detection. According to the structural characteristics of the curved plate, the damage identification method based on Lamb waves can be used for damage monitoring. Lamb waves are a guided wave form in the slab structure proposed by the England Strength Lamb (Lamb) in 1917. During detection, the waveform is actively excited in the structure, the signals received by the sensor include information such as damage positions and damage degrees of the structure, and the damage information can be obtained by performing data analysis and feature extraction on Lamb wave signals.
Because the common damage size is not large, the guided wave signal received by the sensor changes less, so that the damage information in the signal can be annihilated, and the damage position is difficult to determine, the guided wave signal with the defective structure is differentiated from the guided wave signal with the non-damaged structure, the flight time of a damaged signal wave packet can be obtained through a difference signal, and further the flight distance can be obtained. Finally, an ellipse is drawn by taking the driver and the sensors as focuses, the damage position is located on an elliptical track, and the intersection point of the elliptical tracks, namely the position of the damage, can be obtained by arranging a plurality of sensors, so that the elliptical damage positioning algorithm is realized. The choice and arrangement of the number of sensors is therefore a key consideration.
In view of the various damage forms in the metal curved plate structure and the difficult determination of the damage position, in order to realize the accurate positioning analysis of the curved plate damage, it is actually necessary to develop a sensor array optimization method for the metal curved plate damage positioning to reasonably optimize the ultrasonic guided wave sensor array form to solve the above-mentioned deficiencies.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention mainly aims to provide a sensor array optimization method for positioning the damage of a metal bent plate, which combines an ellipse damage positioning method and a data noise reduction processing technology and effectively improves the damage positioning precision by screening and optimizing the sensor array. The invention considers that the quantity and the position of the sensors can influence the damage positioning precision, thereby considering various sensor arrays with different quantities and positions.
To achieve the above objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a sensor array optimization method for damage localization of a metal curved plate, comprising the steps of:
step S1, designing physical parameters and geometric parameters of a metal bent plate, forming simulated damage holes on the metal bent plate, and calculating a frequency dispersion curve of the metal bent plate according to the physical parameters and the geometric parameters of the metal bent plate;
step S2, designing at least two groups of ultrasonic guided wave sensor arrays on the side wall of the metal curved plate, wherein each group of ultrasonic guided wave sensor arrays comprises at least three ultrasonic guided wave sensors arranged around the simulated damage hole, and the number of the ultrasonic guided wave sensors in every two ultrasonic guided wave sensor arrays is different;
step S3, sweeping frequency of the ultrasonic guided wave sensors of each group of ultrasonic guided wave sensor array, and obtaining and recording the center frequency and bandwidth of the ultrasonic guided wave sensors;
step S4, the ultrasonic guided wave signals are conducted to the metal curved plate through the signal generator and the amplifier in sequence, and the guided wave signals of different ultrasonic guided wave sensor arrays are stored through the oscilloscope;
step S5, the obtained guided wave signal is processed with centralization and normalization pretreatment;
step S6, performing band-pass filtering processing on the preprocessed guided wave signals, and further improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the guided wave signals by adopting a wavelet de-noising and SVD singular value decomposition de-noising data processing method;
and step S7, compiling a damage positioning method of the metal curved plate, carrying out damage positioning based on different ultrasonic guided wave sensor arrays, analyzing and comparing damage positioning accuracy under different ultrasonic guided wave sensor arrays, and finally determining the ultrasonic guided wave sensor array with the optimal damage positioning accuracy.
Optionally, an included angle is formed between the damage extending direction of the simulated damage hole and the axis of the metal curved plate, so that the influence of axial and circumferential damages on the guided wave signals is increased, and the included angle is 20-90 degrees; the simulation damage hole penetrates through the inner side wall and the outer side wall of the metal curved plate to increase the influence on the guided wave signal, and the metal curved plate without the simulation damage hole is used as a damage positioning reference.
Optionally, the simulated damage hole is located at the geometric center of the metal curved plate.
Optionally, in step S1, for accurately calculating the dispersion curve of the metal curved plate, a Lamb wave dispersion curve control equation in the metal curved plate is adopted, where the expression is:
wherein u and v are displacement components perpendicular to each other, η is the shortest distance from the observation point to the center line of the curved plate, which is a small dimensionless parameter, σ is the arc length of the center line of the curved plate, and k islIs a solution of the symmetric equation Rayleigh-Lamb equation, ξ σ, α α (ξ),
and
optionally, in step S2, the ultrasonic guided wave sensors in each group of the ultrasonic guided wave sensor array are uniformly distributed on a circumference with the simulated damage hole as a center.
Optionally, in step S3, the central frequency and bandwidth of the ultrasonic guided-wave sensor are obtained through frequency sweeping, and are used for signal excitation frequency selection, guided-wave velocity selection, and bandpass filtering parameter setting.
Optionally, the SVD singular value decomposition noise reduction method in step S6 includes:
step T1, converting the guided wave signals to form a matrix B of m x n;
step T2, decomposing the matrix B into B ═ U Σ VTIn the form of (a);
wherein, U (m r) is a left singular matrix, V (n r) is a right singular matrix, r is the rank number of the matrix B, sigma is a diagonal matrix, and singular values of the matrix B are arranged from large to small on the diagonal; only the first k (k) of the matrix is retained<r) large singular value components, so as to reconstruct the matrix after noise reduction
Comprises the following steps:
to achieve SVD singular value decomposition noise reduction.
Optionally, in step 7, the wave velocity selection of the elliptical damage positioning method is obtained according to the dispersion curve; the guided wave signal adopted by the damage positioning is a high signal-to-noise ratio guided wave signal which is subjected to preprocessing and noise reduction data processing; the ellipse damage positioning method needs to be divided according to the sensor array type adjusting unit; the lesion localization error formula is as follows:
one of the above technical solutions has the following advantages or beneficial effects: the invention comprehensively uses an ellipse damage positioning method and a data noise reduction processing method to carry out optimized arrangement on a sensor array for positioning the damage of the metal curved plate, firstly considers the damage of the curved plate with different depths and a certain included angle with the axial direction of the curved plate, and designs the metal curved plates with different curvature radiuses; designing and arranging 5 initial arrays of ultrasonic guided wave sensors; two noise reduction modes are adopted after the centralization and normalization pretreatment, the defect positioning research is carried out, and finally, the optimal sensor array type is selected for comparing the positioning precision of the damage. On one hand, the method analyzes the damage positioning capability of the sensor array type on curved plates with different damage degrees and different curvature radiuses, and improves the signal to noise ratio of signals by incorporating the sensor array type into a complete data processing method; on the other hand, the method comprehensively considers the influence of the number and the positions of the sensors on the damage positioning precision, and obtains the optimal sensor array type more reasonably and effectively.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description relate only to some embodiments of the present invention and are not limiting thereof, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a proposed sensor array optimization method for metal curved plate damage localization according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a curved metal plate and a damage pattern in a sensor array optimization method for locating damage to the curved metal plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing a dispersion curve of a metal curved plate in a sensor array optimization method for locating damage to the metal curved plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a first ultrasonic guided wave sensor array in the proposed sensor array optimization method for locating damage to a metal curved plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a second ultrasonic guided wave sensor array in the proposed sensor array optimization method for locating the damage of the metal curved plate according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a third ultrasonic guided wave sensor array in the sensor array optimization method for locating the damage of the metal curved plate according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of a fourth ultrasonic guided wave sensor array in the sensor array optimization method for locating the damage of the metal curved plate according to one embodiment of the invention;
fig. 8 is a diagram of a fifth ultrasonic guided wave sensor array in the sensor array optimization method for locating the damage of the metal curved plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a diagram of ultrasonic guided wave signals before signal processing in a sensor array optimization method for locating damage of a metal curved plate according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 10 is a diagram of ultrasonic guided wave signals after signal processing in a sensor array optimization method for metal curved plate damage localization according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of an ultrasonic guided wave signal control system in a sensor array optimization method for metal curved plate damage localization according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
In the drawings, the shape and size may be exaggerated for clarity, and the same reference numerals will be used throughout the drawings to designate the same or similar components.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The use of "first," "second," and similar terms in the description and claims of the present application do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather the terms are used to distinguish one element from another. Also, the use of the terms "a," "an," or "the" and similar referents do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one. The word "comprise" or "comprises", and the like, means that the element or item listed before "comprises" or "comprising" covers the element or item listed after "comprising" or "comprises" and its equivalents, and does not exclude other elements or items. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described is changed, the relative positional relationships may also be changed accordingly.
In the following description, terms such as center, thickness, height, length, front, back, rear, left, right, top, bottom, upper, lower, etc., are defined with respect to the configurations shown in the respective drawings, and in particular, "height" corresponds to a dimension from top to bottom, "width" corresponds to a dimension from left to right, "depth" corresponds to a dimension from front to rear, which are relative concepts, and thus may be varied accordingly depending on the position in which it is used, and thus these or other orientations should not be construed as limiting terms.
Terms concerning attachments, coupling and the like (e.g., "connected" and "attached") refer to a relationship wherein structures are secured or attached, either directly or indirectly, to one another through intervening structures, as well as both movable or rigid attachments or relationships, unless expressly described otherwise.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, with reference to the illustration in fig. 1, it can be seen that the overall process of the sensor array optimization method for metal curved plate damage positioning of the present invention is composed of designing curved plate damage and drawing a dispersion curve, arranging an initial array of sensors, sweeping the frequency of the sensors, setting a signal generator-amplifier-oscilloscope, performing centering and normalization preprocessing, filtering and denoising processing, positioning damage based on high signal-to-noise ratio signals, and selecting an optimal array. Specifically, the sensor array optimization method for the damage positioning of the metal curved plate comprises the following steps:
and S1, designing physical parameters and geometric parameters of the metal bent plate, forming simulated damage holes on the metal bent plate, and calculating a frequency dispersion curve of the metal bent plate according to the physical parameters and the geometric parameters of the metal bent plate. An included angle is formed between the damage extending direction of the simulated damage hole and the axis of the metal curved plate, so that the influence of axial and circumferential damage on the guided wave signals is increased, and the included angle is 20-90 degrees; the simulation damage hole penetrates through the inner side wall and the outer side wall of the metal curved plate to increase the influence on the guided wave signal, and the metal curved plate without the simulation damage hole is used as a damage positioning reference.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 2, the pressure vessel adopts a 30CrMo steel bent plate with the thickness of 5mm, the bent plate is at least partially bent into a cylindrical shape, the projection on the horizontal plane is a rectangle, a simulated damage hole is formed in the center of the bent plate and is positioned on the central line of the bent plate, the damage extending direction of the simulated damage hole forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the axis of the bent plate, and in the specific implementation process, the simulated damage hole with the damage depth of 5mm is designed on the bent plate according to the thickness of the bent plate. In order to accurately draw the frequency dispersion curve of the curved plate shown in fig. 3, a Lamb wave frequency dispersion curve control equation in the curved plate is adopted, and the expression is as follows:
where u and v are mutually perpendicular displacement components, η is the shortest distance from the observation point to the center line of the curved plate, which is a small dimensionless parameter, σ is the arc length of the center line, and k islIs a solution of the symmetric equation Rayleigh-Lamb equation, ξ σ, α α (ξ),
and
the dispersion curve shown in fig. 3 is obtained by drawing according to the above equation, the dispersion characteristic refers to the phenomenon that the wave velocity of the ultrasonic guided wave changes with the frequency when the ultrasonic guided wave propagates in the waveguide, and the dispersion curve is commonly used for describing the dispersion characteristic of the guided wave and is usually expressed by a velocity-frequency curve. As can be seen from fig. 3, the dispersion characteristic curve in the curved plate has the following characteristics: each curve in the graph represents a guided wave mode, and for the ultrasonic guided waves of the same mode, the wave speed can change along with the change of frequency, namely, a frequency dispersion phenomenon exists; guided waves propagating in the curved plate have two types of modes: antisymmetric mode a, symmetric mode S, and as the frequency increases, the number of modes of guided waves also gradually increases, such as: the antisymmetric mode is increased from a zero order A0 to A1 and A2; the symmetry mode is increased from zero order S0 to S1 and S2.
Step S2, at least two groups of ultrasonic guided wave sensor arrays are designed on the side wall of the metal curved plate, each group of ultrasonic guided wave sensor array comprises at least three ultrasonic guided wave sensors arranged around the simulated damage hole, and the number of the ultrasonic guided wave sensors in every two ultrasonic guided wave sensor arrays is different. In an actual implementation process, a piezoelectric ceramic transducer (PZT) can be used to arrange an ultrasonic guided wave transducer array in 5 sensors with different numbers and positions as shown in fig. 4 to 8, specifically, since the different numbers and positions of the ultrasonic guided wave transducers have an influence on the positioning accuracy of the damage, 5 initial arrays of sensors as shown in the embodiments of fig. 4 to 8 are respectively: the ultrasonic guided wave sensor array comprises a first triangular array, a second quadrangular array, a third pentagonal array, a fourth hexagonal array and a fifth octagonal array, wherein the distances from all the ultrasonic guided wave sensors to a simulated damage hole are the same and are 125mm, namely, the ultrasonic guided wave sensors in each group of ultrasonic guided wave sensor arrays are uniformly distributed on a circumference which takes the simulated damage hole as the center of a circle and has the radius of 125 mm.
And step S3, carrying out frequency sweeping on the ultrasonic guided wave sensors of each group of ultrasonic guided wave sensor array, and obtaining and recording the central frequency and the bandwidth of the ultrasonic guided wave sensors. And obtaining the central frequency and the bandwidth of the ultrasonic guided wave sensor through frequency sweeping, and using the central frequency and the bandwidth for signal excitation frequency selection, guided wave speed selection and band-pass filtering parameter setting. Specifically, the selected PZT sensor is swept to obtain the center frequency of the sensor as 210kHz, namely, the damage positioning effect of the sensor is better under the frequency. And the bandwidth of the obtained sensor is 160 kHz-260 kHz, and signals outside the bandwidth range need to be filtered.
And step S4, the ultrasonic guided wave signals are transmitted to the metal curved plate through the signal generator and the amplifier in sequence, and the guided wave signals of different ultrasonic guided wave sensor arrays are stored through the oscilloscope. Specifically, as can be seen with reference to the illustration of fig. 11, the ultrasonic guided wave signal control system includes: the device comprises a function generator 1, an amplifier 2, an oscilloscope 3, a computer 4, a curved plate 5 and a sensor array 6. The computer 4 stores a signal routing program, a data signal holding program and a loss diagnosis positioning program, and realizes full-automatic signal excitation, reception, storage and processing.
Step S5, the obtained guided wave signal is subjected to centering and normalization preprocessing. The obtained guided wave signal often drifts due to the hardware of the equipment, so that the centering processing is needed, and the following equation is adopted: x ← x-e (x), where e (x) is the mean of the guided wave signals.
The maximum and minimum normalization equation used is:
wherein x is original data, y is a value after normalized transformation, and Max and Min are respectively the maximum value and the minimum value of the guided wave signal.
And step S6, performing band-pass filtering processing on the preprocessed guided wave signals, and further improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the guided wave signals by adopting wavelet denoising and SVD singular value decomposition denoising data processing methods. In a specific implementation process, the SVD singular value decomposition noise reduction method comprises the following steps:
step T1, converting the guided wave signals to form a matrix B of m x n;
step T2, decomposing the matrix B into B ═ U Σ VTIn the form of (a);
wherein, U (m r) is a left singular matrix, V (n r) is a right singular matrix, r is the rank number of the matrix B, sigma is a diagonal matrix, and singular values of the matrix B are arranged from large to small on the diagonal; according to the results in the curved plate, only the first 7 major singular value components of the matrix are reserved, and the matrix after noise reduction is reconstructed
Comprises the following steps:
and realizing SVD singular value decomposition noise reduction. According to the frequency sweeping result, signals with the bandwidth range of 160 kHz-260 kHz are reserved through high-pass and low-pass filtering processing, noise reduction processing is conducted on the signals through wavelet noise reduction and SVD singular value decomposition, and the signal-to-noise ratio of guided wave signals is improved. The comparison before and after data processing is shown in fig. 9 and fig. 10, fig. 9 is an ultrasonic guided wave signal amplitude-time curve obtained by experiments, and shows the change trend of the guided wave signal amplitude in the curved plate structure along with time, and the curve is directly obtained by acquisition of an oscilloscope; after SVD singular value decomposition noise reduction data processing is carried out on the curve in the graph 9, the curve in the graph 10 can be obtained, the curve subjected to the noise reduction processing can be found to be smoother, noise signals are effectively restrained, and therefore the curve can be obtainedTherefore, the data processing operation effectively filters out signal noise and improves signal quality.
And step S7, compiling a damage positioning method of the metal curved plate, carrying out damage positioning based on different ultrasonic guided wave sensor arrays, analyzing and comparing damage positioning accuracy under different ultrasonic guided wave sensor arrays, and finally determining the ultrasonic guided wave sensor array with the optimal damage positioning accuracy.
Based on the ellipse damage positioning principle, a defect positioning algorithm in the curved plate is compiled, and the calculation formula is as follows:
S＝TD+DR＝cgt
wherein c isgObtaining the group velocity of the guided wave signals by the frequency dispersion curve drawn in the step 1; the excitation sensor T excites a guided wave signal to interact with the defect D when the guided wave signal is transmitted to the defect D, a scattering phenomenon can be generated, and then the receiving sensor R captures the scattering signal; t is the propagation time of the process, and can be obtained from the guided wave time domain signal received by the oscilloscope. Then the defect is located on an elliptical locus with T and R as the focal points and S as the major axis. Any pair of sensors can determine one elliptical trajectory, and multiple elliptical trajectories can be determined by multiple pairs of sensor networks in the sensor array. The intersection of these elliptical trajectories is the location of the defect. Since this example uses 5 different numbers and positions of sensor arrays, the algorithm needs to be adjusted according to the arrays. The curved plate of this example with different depth of damage and different curvatures was then located, with the following error equation:
the lesion localization errors shown in table 1 can be obtained. The average positioning error can be obtained according to the average value of the axial positioning error and the axial positioning error, and the circumferential error and the axial error are minimum when the sensor array is in a 6-sided shape, and the average error is only 1.27%. And on the basis, the optimal sensor array is selected to be a 6-edge array. This example indicates that the damage location accuracy is higher if the number of sensors is not large, and the guided wave signal propagation is affected when the number of sensors is too large, and the damage location accuracy is affected, so the number and the positions of the sensors need to be considered comprehensively.
TABLE 1 Damage positioning error
The number of apparatuses and the scale of the process described herein are intended to simplify the description of the present invention. Applications, modifications and variations of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A sensor array optimization method for damage positioning of a metal curved plate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, designing physical parameters and geometric parameters of a metal bent plate, forming simulated damage holes on the metal bent plate, and calculating a frequency dispersion curve of the metal bent plate according to the physical parameters and the geometric parameters of the metal bent plate;
step S2, designing at least two groups of ultrasonic guided wave sensor arrays on the side wall of the metal curved plate, wherein each group of ultrasonic guided wave sensor arrays comprises at least three ultrasonic guided wave sensors arranged around the simulated damage hole, and the number of the ultrasonic guided wave sensors in every two ultrasonic guided wave sensor arrays is different;
step S3, sweeping frequency of the ultrasonic guided wave sensors of each group of ultrasonic guided wave sensor array, and obtaining and recording the center frequency and bandwidth of the ultrasonic guided wave sensors;
step S4, the ultrasonic guided wave signals are conducted to the metal curved plate through the signal generator and the amplifier in sequence, and the guided wave signals of different ultrasonic guided wave sensor arrays are stored through the oscilloscope;
step S5, the obtained guided wave signal is processed with centralization and normalization pretreatment;
step S6, performing band-pass filtering processing on the preprocessed guided wave signals, and further improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the guided wave signals by adopting a wavelet de-noising and SVD singular value decomposition de-noising data processing method;
and step S7, compiling a damage positioning method of the metal curved plate, carrying out damage positioning based on different ultrasonic guided wave sensor arrays, analyzing and comparing damage positioning accuracy under different ultrasonic guided wave sensor arrays, and finally determining the ultrasonic guided wave sensor array with the optimal damage positioning accuracy.
2. The sensor array optimization method for metal curved plate damage positioning as claimed in claim 1, wherein the damage extending direction of the simulated damage hole forms an included angle with the axis of the metal curved plate, thereby increasing the influence of axial and circumferential damages on the guided wave signal, and the angle of the included angle is 20-90 °; the simulation damage hole penetrates through the inner side wall and the outer side wall of the metal curved plate to increase the influence on the guided wave signal, and the metal curved plate without the simulation damage hole is used as a damage positioning reference.
3. The sensor array optimization method for metal curved plate damage localization as claimed in claim 1, wherein the simulated damage hole is located at a geometric center of the metal curved plate.
4. The sensor array optimization method for damage localization of a metal curved plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S1 is to accurately calculate the dispersion curve of the metal curved plate by using Lamb wave dispersion curve control equation in the metal curved plate, and the expression is:
u；
v；
wherein u and v are displacement components perpendicular to each other, η is the shortest distance from the observation point to the center line of the curved plate, which is a small dimensionless parameter, σ is the arc length of the center line of the curved plate, and k islIs a solution of the symmetric equation Rayleigh-Lamb equation, ξ σ, α α (ξ),
and
5. the method for optimizing the sensor array used for positioning the damage of the metal curved plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic guided wave sensors in each group of the ultrasonic guided wave sensor array in the step S2 are uniformly distributed on a circumference with a simulated damage hole as a center.
6. The method for optimizing the sensor array for positioning the damage to the metal curved plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S3, the center frequency and the bandwidth of the ultrasonic guided wave sensor are obtained by frequency sweeping for signal excitation frequency selection, guided wave velocity selection and bandpass filtering parameter setting.
7. The sensor array optimization method for metal curved plate damage localization as claimed in claim 1, wherein the SVD singular value decomposition noise reduction method in step S6 includes:
step T1, converting the guided wave signals to form a matrix B of m x n;
step T2, decomposing the matrix B into B ═ U Σ VTIn the form of (a);
wherein, U (m r) is a left singular matrix, V (n r) is a right singular matrix, r is the rank number of the matrix B, sigma is a diagonal matrix, and singular values of the matrix B are arranged from large to small on the diagonal; only the first k (k) of the matrix is retained<r) are largerSingular value component, such that the de-noised matrix is reconstructed
Comprises the following steps:
to achieve SVD singular value decomposition noise reduction.
8. The sensor array optimization method for metal curved plate damage localization as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 7, the wave velocity selection of the elliptical damage localization method is obtained according to a dispersion curve; the guided wave signal adopted by the damage positioning is a high signal-to-noise ratio guided wave signal which is subjected to preprocessing and noise reduction data processing; the ellipse damage positioning method needs to be divided according to the sensor array type adjusting unit; the lesion localization error formula is as follows:
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