CN111536888A - Multi-parameter optical fiber sensing ship structure real-time health monitoring system and method - Google Patents
Multi-parameter optical fiber sensing ship structure real-time health monitoring system and method Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
- G01B11/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge using photoelastic elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- G01D3/028—Indicating or recording apparatus with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups mitigating undesired influences, e.g. temperature, pressure
- G01D3/036—Indicating or recording apparatus with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups mitigating undesired influences, e.g. temperature, pressure on measuring arrangements themselves
- G01D3/0365—Indicating or recording apparatus with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups mitigating undesired influences, e.g. temperature, pressure on measuring arrangements themselves the undesired influence being measured using a separate sensor, which produces an influence related signal
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- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
- G01L1/242—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P15/00—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
- G01P15/02—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses
- G01P15/08—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values
- G01P15/093—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values by photoelectric pick-up
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Abstract
The invention discloses a real-time health monitoring system for a multi-parameter optical fiber sensing ship structure, which comprises: the novel flexible hinge fiber grating acceleration sensor used by the invention introduces an elliptical hinge structure into a high-range FBG acceleration sensor by optimizing the structure of an arc flexible hinge, constructs the design theory and process technology of the FBG acceleration sensor based on the elliptical hinge, and obtains excellent sensor performance. According to data measured by the fiber grating sensor on the ship, the structural damage state is judged, and whether the structural damage state reaches the service life is judged, so that safety accidents are prevented.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ship structure real-time health monitoring systems, and particularly relates to a multi-parameter optical fiber sensing ship structure real-time health monitoring system and method.
Background
During sailing, large ships are subjected to strong wind and water pressure loads and strong solar radiation, and various serious deformation and damage can be generated in the severe working environment. If the maintenance cannot be monitored in time, serious personal accidents and property loss can be caused. Therefore, the real-time health monitoring of the ship is needed, the possible danger is avoided, and the safety performance of ship driving is improved.
Currently, most health monitoring sensors still adopt traditional electronic sensors, and at present, resistance type strain gauges are mainly used. However, the method has many connecting wires, can affect the mechanical property of the structure, and has the limitations of short service life, long patch and calibration period, incapability of realizing continuous load measurement and the like. And the progress of the optical fiber sensing technology provides a completely new solution for the problem. The system of the invention adopts the fiber grating sensors, has the advantages of anti-electromagnetic interference, long measuring distance, easy signal transmission, easy multiplexing, good stability and the like, and becomes an important means for monitoring the structural health.
In a specific engineering project, the working environment of the traditional single-mode fiber grating strain sensor is more complex and changeable, the commonly used bare fiber grating is easy to break to cause signal loss, and aiming at the ship structure research object, the number of measuring points is quite large, the required number and the melting point of the traditional single-mode fiber grating strain sensor are extremely large, and the time cost and the economic cost are increased. Therefore, a multi-parameter optical fiber sensing ship structure real-time health monitoring system and a method are provided to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-parameter optical fiber sensing ship structure real-time health monitoring system and a multi-parameter optical fiber sensing ship structure real-time health monitoring method, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a real-time health monitoring system of a multi-parameter optical fiber sensing ship structure comprises: the system comprises a 12-core banded fiber bragg grating strain sensor, a fiber bragg grating acceleration sensor of a flexible hinge, a fiber bragg grating temperature sensor serving as temperature compensation, a fiber bragg grating demodulator, a data processing module and a health detection and evaluation system, wherein the fiber bragg grating strain sensor, the fiber bragg grating acceleration sensor and the fiber bragg grating temperature sensor are respectively connected to the fiber bragg grating demodulator through junction boxes, the fiber bragg grating demodulator is connected to the data processing module, the data processing module is connected to the health detection and evaluation system, and the main monitoring content of the health detection and evaluation system comprises hull deformation monitoring, hull characteristic monitoring, hull local characteristic monitoring and hull external load monitoring.
Preferably, the fiber grating strain sensor is characterized in that twelve optical fibers are placed in parallel at a certain interval and are not allowed to intersect, the optical fibers are parallel and coplanar, then the optical fibers are coated with a UV curing material and cured by an UV curing lamp, and one optical fiber can be used for writing the grating distance according to the actual measurement distance.
Preferably, the special coating layer, namely the polyimide coating layer, is adopted in the coating layer of twelve optical fibers, so that the high-temperature resistance strength and the tensile strength of the novel sensor can be greatly increased, and the service life and the reliability of the sensor are improved.
Preferably, the fiber grating strain sensor adopts an array grating, so that single-grating fusion points and operation difficulty are greatly reduced, time cost is effectively reduced, and the fiber grating strain sensor combines the characteristics of high structural strength, small volume, small installation difficulty and the like of a ribbon cable, so that the application of the fiber grating strain sensor in project engineering is greatly improved and popularized.
Preferably, the fiber grating temperature sensor is in a loose state, two ends of the fiber grating temperature sensor are fixed on the surface of the ship body through an adhesive, the grating part is suspended, so that the grating part is not influenced by stress and vibration during the operation of the ship, and the fiber grating temperature sensor is only influenced by the temperature during the operation, so that the influence of the temperature during the operation on the system is eliminated.
Preferably, the fiber grating acceleration sensor adopts a novel elliptical flexible hinge, the elliptical flexible hinge is compared with a straight round flexible hinge, the hinge parameters are essentially further refined, the radius is subdivided into an elliptical long half shaft and a elliptical short half shaft, the fiber grating acceleration sensor has the advantages that the straight round hinge has no mechanical friction, no abrasion, easy processing and the like, the defect of small motion range of the straight round hinge is overcome, and the motion range and the precision are considered.
Preferably, the substrate of the fiber grating acceleration sensor is made of a titanium alloy material, so that the weight of the sensor is greatly reduced, and the additional load of a ship is avoided.
Preferably, the fiber grating acceleration sensor is manufactured with a grating distance of 5mm, and can play a role in sensitization.
A real-time health monitoring method for a multi-parameter optical fiber sensing ship structure specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, the two paths of novel fiber bragg grating acceleration sensors of the flexible hinge are respectively used for measuring wave attack load and ship acceleration;
s2, a fiber grating strain sensor of a path of twelve-core strip light is mounted on the broadside stiffened plate and used for measuring the stress action of seawater pressure on the broadside;
a twelve-core ribbon fiber grating strain sensor is arranged on the transverse bulkhead and used for monitoring the internal stress of the bulkhead;
a twelve-core ribbon fiber grating strain sensor is arranged at a local opening part and used for measuring damage and the like generated by local stress concentration;
s3, connecting 8 acceleration sensors in series for each path of fiber bragg grating acceleration sensor; for each banded fiber grating strain sensor, a grating is engraved every 1m, so that 8 gratings are engraved in each band, and a fiber grating temperature sensor is connected behind the banded strain sensor in series.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a real-time health monitoring system and a real-time health monitoring method for a multi-parameter optical fiber sensing ship structure.
The fiber sensing technology has the characteristics of intrinsic explosion prevention and electromagnetic interference resistance, and the fiber grating strain sensor and the fiber grating acceleration sensor are connected in series for networking so as to realize remote distributed online monitoring.
The twelve-core ribbon fiber grating strain sensor used by the invention is different from the traditional fiber grating sensor in structure, and adopts the twelve-core ribbon fiber grating strain sensor, wherein the grating is engraved in a customized way by one optical fiber in the middle, eight gratings are engraved by one ribbon sensor in the patent, the distance of each grating is 1m, and then the twelve-core ribbon fiber grating strain sensor and other eleven optical fibers without the grating are solidified by UV curing adhesive to form the novel sensor. The ribbon fiber grating strain sensor not only combines the advantages of electromagnetic interference resistance, long-distance signal transmission, corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance of a common single-core fiber grating strain sensor, but also avoids the defect of easy brittleness and easy breakage, has the characteristics of high structural strength, flexible quantity of combined optical fibers, small volume and the like, and can realize light weight and simple operation.
The coating layers of twelve optical fibers in the twelve-core ribbon fiber grating strain sensor are made of polyimide, so that the durability of the whole sensor can be greatly improved.
According to the novel flexible hinge fiber bragg grating acceleration sensor, the structure of the arc flexible hinge is optimized, the elliptical hinge structure is introduced into the high-range FBG acceleration sensor, the design theory and the process technology of the FBG acceleration sensor based on the elliptical hinge are constructed, and the excellent sensor performance is obtained.
Aiming at the novel flexible hinge fiber bragg grating acceleration sensor used by the invention, the whole sensor matrix is processed and manufactured by adopting a titanium alloy material, so that the weight of the sensor is greatly reduced, and the additional load of a ship is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a real-time health monitoring system for a multi-parameter fiber sensing ship structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a fiber grating strain sensor according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a fiber grating strain sensor according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a fiber grating acceleration sensor according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a package of the fiber grating accelerometer of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-5, the embodiment is as follows:
a real-time health monitoring system of a multi-parameter optical fiber sensing ship structure comprises: the system comprises a 12-core banded fiber bragg grating strain sensor, a fiber bragg grating acceleration sensor of a flexible hinge, a fiber bragg grating temperature sensor serving as temperature compensation, a fiber bragg grating demodulator, a data processing module and a health detection and evaluation system, wherein the fiber bragg grating strain sensor, the fiber bragg grating acceleration sensor and the fiber bragg grating temperature sensor are respectively connected to the fiber bragg grating demodulator through junction boxes, the fiber bragg grating demodulator is connected to the data processing module, the data processing module is connected to the health detection and evaluation system, and the main monitoring content of the health detection and evaluation system comprises hull deformation monitoring, hull characteristic monitoring, hull local characteristic monitoring and hull external load monitoring.
The fiber grating demodulator is used for acquiring data and demodulating the data;
the data module is connected with the fiber grating demodulator and used for storing and managing the demodulated sensor data output by the fiber grating demodulator;
the health detection and evaluation system has the main functions that whether the structure is damaged or not and the position and degree of the damage are judged by processing the real-time monitoring data of the measuring points obtained by the data module through the damage identification system, the health condition of the structure is further evaluated, and if the structure is abnormal, an early warning signal is sent out.
Under the condition that the number of the measuring points of the monitored object is large, the number of the welding points of the traditional single-mode fiber grating strain sensor is large, and the time cost and the economic cost are greatly increased.
Furthermore, the system completely adopts a twelve-core ribbon fiber grating strain sensor, and all twelve optical fibers adopt polyimide coating layers on the surfaces, so that the durability and the reliability of the ribbon sensor can be greatly improved. Aiming at the grating carving position, one optical fiber in the middle is used for customizing a grating, and one grating is carved at intervals of 1m, so that 8 gratings are carved on each novel strip-shaped sensor, and then the novel sensor is solidified with other nine optical fibers without grating through UV curing glue. The ribbon fiber grating strain sensor not only combines the advantages of electromagnetic interference resistance, long-distance signal transmission, corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance of the common single-core fiber grating strain sensor, but also avoids the defects of brittleness and easy breakage.
Furthermore, aiming at the novel flexible hinge fiber bragg grating acceleration sensor used by the invention, the elliptical hinge structure is introduced into the high-range FBG acceleration sensor through the structural optimization of the arc flexible hinge, the design theory and the process technology of the FBG acceleration sensor based on the elliptical hinge are constructed, and the excellent sensor performance is obtained.
Furthermore, aiming at the novel flexible hinge fiber grating acceleration sensor used by the invention, the whole sensor matrix is processed and manufactured by adopting a titanium alloy material, so that the weight of the sensor is greatly reduced, and the additional load of a ship is avoided.
Furthermore, the fiber grating temperature compensation sensor is connected with a fiber grating temperature sensor in series behind each path of the strip-shaped strain sensor, is in a loose state, is not influenced by stress and vibration during the operation of the ship, is fixed on the surface of a ship body through an adhesive, is suspended in the air, is only influenced by the temperature during the operation, and accordingly eliminates the influence of the temperature during the operation on the system.
Furthermore, the demodulation instrument fiber grating demodulator adopted in the experiment is a high-speed fiber grating demodulator, and has the characteristics of high demodulation speed, high stability, high reliability and the like, the system resolution reaches 1pm, the typical error is +/-1 pm, the maximum error is less than +/-2 pm, the demodulation instrument is used for demodulating 8 paths of optical signals simultaneously, and the wavelength scanning range is 50 nm. The highest 2000Hz frequency can be realized for the single-mode fiber grating acceleration sensor. The reflected light waves of the fiber grating sensor are subjected to wavelength division multiplexing, so that the reflection spectrums of the grating sensor array with different wavelengths are separated in a wavelength domain, converted into electric signals, and finally subjected to digital demodulation through hardware and software.
Furthermore, the optical fiber sensors are connected to the same demodulation system in a wavelength division multiplexing mode, so that strain signals and acceleration signals acquired by the optical fiber sensors at different positions can be distinguished conveniently, and the simplification of a digital signal processing system is facilitated.
The data processing module is connected with the signal output end of the fiber grating demodulator through the signal input end and is used for storing and managing signals output by the fiber grating demodulator; the embodiment of the invention establishes the monitoring database through enterprise-level database software MS SQL Server-2000, and provides data management, query and analysis for the stored and collected data.
The health detection and evaluation system is connected with the signal output end of the data processing system through the signal input end, a three-dimensional model is built for the monitored aircraft landing gear structure by using data stored by the data processing system, parameters such as stress, strain and acceleration are monitored for the data, and the parameters are fed back to an operator. The system adopts a C/S and B/S combined structure, and monitors the real-time load, damage, cracks, fatigue life and other health states of the ship structure by using a 3D modeling technology.
A real-time health monitoring method for a multi-parameter optical fiber sensing ship structure specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, the two paths of novel fiber bragg grating acceleration sensors of the flexible hinge are respectively used for measuring wave attack load and ship acceleration;
s2, a fiber grating strain sensor of a path of twelve-core strip light is mounted on the broadside stiffened plate and used for measuring the stress action of seawater pressure on the broadside;
a twelve-core ribbon fiber grating strain sensor is arranged on the transverse bulkhead and used for monitoring the internal stress of the bulkhead;
a twelve-core ribbon fiber grating strain sensor is arranged at a local opening part and used for measuring damage and the like generated by local stress concentration;
s3, connecting 8 acceleration sensors in series for each path of fiber bragg grating acceleration sensor; for each banded fiber grating strain sensor, a grating is engraved every 1m, so that 8 gratings are engraved in each band, and a fiber grating temperature sensor is connected behind the banded strain sensor in series.
Aiming at the novel flexible hinge fiber bragg grating acceleration sensor used by the invention, the elliptical hinge structure is introduced into the high-range FBG acceleration sensor through the structural optimization of the circular arc flexible hinge, the design theory and the process technology of the FBG acceleration sensor based on the elliptical hinge are constructed, and the excellent sensor performance is obtained.
In the embodiment, the structural damage state is judged according to the data measured by the fiber grating sensor on the ship, and whether the structural damage state reaches the service life is judged, so that safety accidents are prevented. Aiming at the fiber bragg grating acceleration sensor, recording the initial wavelength lambda of the sensor arranged at each measuring point in the no-load state1The wavelength value read by the sensor monitored in real time is lambda2So that the acceleration of the measuring point is of
And k is the sensitivity of the fiber bragg grating acceleration sensor. Aiming at the fiber grating strain sensor, firstly, a strain sensitivity coefficient k 'is measured in a laboratory calibration mode, a temperature sensitivity coefficient is k', and an initial wavelength lambda of the strain sensor in an idle state is recorded3Initial wavelength of temperature sensor is lambda4The wavelength value read by the strain sensor monitored in real time is lambda5Real-time monitoring of temperature sensingWavelength value of lambda6So that the strain at the measuring point is of the magnitude
The magnitude of the strain at this point can be obtained. Therefore, the load data output by the fiber grating sensor on the ship structure in real time can be calculated.
The data processing module is connected with the fiber grating demodulator and used for storing and managing the demodulated sensor data output by the fiber grating demodulator;
and the health detection and evaluation system is used for calculating stress, strain and acceleration of each measuring part according to the demodulated sensor data, establishing correlation with ship structure parameters, estimating the residual life of different structures by combining a material fatigue performance sigma-N curve, judging whether the structures are damaged or not, judging the position and degree of the damage, further evaluating the health condition of the structures, and sending out an early warning signal if the structures are abnormal.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of a fiber grating acceleration sensor in the invention, in which: the sensor comprises a mass block 1, a flexible hinge 2, a fiber grating 3 and a base 4, wherein the designed sensor is a single-degree-of-freedom sensor, as shown in a coordinate system in figure 4, the y direction is the sensitive direction of the sensor, and the x direction and the z direction are non-sensitive directions. FBG places in the optic fibre slot at base and quality piece top, and both ends are fixed through the adhesive to guarantee that FBG has certain tensile volume. The sensor passes through the base to be fixed to the object surface that awaits measuring, and under static condition, FBG center wavelength keeps unchangeable, and when receiving external excitation, the quality piece does little amplitude rotation for the base around the hinge center under the effect of inertial force, drives FBG extension or compression to lead to FBG center wavelength drift.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the method and the system mainly aim at health monitoring of structural strain, stress, acceleration and structural damage of the ship and monitoring expansion of the side stiffened plate, the transverse bulkhead and the local opening part.
The fiber sensing technology has the characteristics of intrinsic explosion prevention and electromagnetic interference resistance, and the fiber grating strain sensor and the fiber grating acceleration sensor are connected in series for networking so as to realize remote distributed online monitoring.
The twelve-core ribbon fiber grating strain sensor used by the invention is different from the traditional fiber grating sensor in structure, and adopts the twelve-core ribbon fiber grating strain sensor, wherein the grating is engraved in a customized way by one optical fiber in the middle, eight gratings are engraved by one ribbon sensor in the patent, the distance of each grating is 1m, and then the twelve-core ribbon fiber grating strain sensor and other eleven optical fibers without the grating are solidified by UV curing adhesive to form the novel sensor. The ribbon fiber grating strain sensor not only combines the advantages of electromagnetic interference resistance, long-distance signal transmission, corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance of a common single-core fiber grating strain sensor, but also avoids the defect of easy brittleness and easy breakage, has the characteristics of high structural strength, flexible quantity of combined optical fibers, small volume and the like, and can realize light weight and simple operation.
The coating layers of twelve optical fibers in the twelve-core ribbon fiber grating strain sensor are made of polyimide, so that the durability of the whole sensor can be greatly improved.
According to the novel flexible hinge fiber bragg grating acceleration sensor, the structure of the arc flexible hinge is optimized, the elliptical hinge structure is introduced into the high-range FBG acceleration sensor, the design theory and the process technology of the FBG acceleration sensor based on the elliptical hinge are constructed, and the excellent sensor performance is obtained.
Aiming at the novel flexible hinge fiber bragg grating acceleration sensor used by the invention, the whole sensor matrix is processed and manufactured by adopting a titanium alloy material, so that the weight of the sensor is greatly reduced, and the additional load of a ship is avoided.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A real-time health monitoring system of a multi-parameter optical fiber sensing ship structure comprises: the system comprises a 12-core ribbon fiber bragg grating strain sensor, a fiber bragg grating acceleration sensor of a flexible hinge, a fiber bragg grating temperature sensor serving as temperature compensation, a fiber bragg grating demodulator, a data processing module and a health detection and evaluation system, and is characterized in that the fiber bragg grating strain sensor, the fiber bragg grating acceleration sensor and the fiber bragg grating temperature sensor are respectively connected to the fiber bragg grating demodulator through junction boxes, the fiber bragg grating demodulator is connected to the data processing module, the data processing module is connected to the health detection and evaluation system, and the main monitoring content of the health detection and evaluation system comprises hull deformation monitoring, hull characteristic monitoring, hull local characteristic monitoring and hull external load monitoring.
2. The real-time health monitoring system for a multi-parameter optical fiber sensing ship structure according to claim 1, wherein: twelve optical fibers are placed in parallel at a certain interval, intersection is not allowed, the optical fibers are parallel and coplanar, then the optical fibers are coated by using a UV curing material and cured by using an UV curing lamp, and one optical fiber can write the grating distance according to the actual measurement distance.
3. The real-time health monitoring system for a multi-parameter optical fiber sensing ship structure according to claim 2, wherein: the special coating layer, namely the polyimide coating layer, is adopted in the coating layers of the twelve optical fibers, so that the high-temperature resistance strength and the tensile strength of the novel sensor can be greatly increased, and the service life and the reliability of the sensor are prolonged.
4. The real-time health monitoring system for a multi-parameter optical fiber sensing ship structure according to claim 1, wherein: the fiber grating strain sensor adopts the array grating, so that single grating fusion points and operation difficulty are greatly reduced, time cost is effectively reduced, and the fiber grating strain sensor combines the characteristics of high structural strength, small volume, small installation difficulty and the like of a ribbon cable, so that the application of the sensor in project engineering is greatly improved and popularized.
5. The real-time health monitoring system for a multi-parameter optical fiber sensing ship structure according to claim 1, wherein: the fiber grating temperature sensor is in a loose state, two ends of the fiber grating temperature sensor are fixed on the surface of a ship body through an adhesive, the grating part is suspended, so that the grating part is not influenced by stress and vibration during the operation of the ship, and the fiber grating temperature sensor is only influenced by the temperature during the operation, so that the influence of the temperature during the operation on the system is eliminated.
6. The real-time health monitoring system for a multi-parameter optical fiber sensing ship structure according to claim 1, wherein: the fiber grating acceleration sensor adopts a novel elliptical flexible hinge, the elliptical flexible hinge is compared with a straight round flexible hinge, the hinge parameters are further refined essentially, the radius is subdivided into an elliptical long semi-axis and a elliptical short semi-axis, the fiber grating acceleration sensor has the advantages that the straight round hinge has no mechanical friction, no abrasion, easy processing and the like, the defect that the straight round hinge has a small motion range is overcome, and the motion range and the precision are both considered.
7. The real-time health monitoring system for a multi-parameter optical fiber sensing ship structure according to claim 1, wherein: the base body of the fiber grating acceleration sensor is made of titanium alloy materials, so that the weight of the sensor is greatly reduced, and extra load of a ship is avoided.
8. The real-time health monitoring system for a multi-parameter optical fiber sensing ship structure according to claim 1, wherein: the fiber grating acceleration sensor is manufactured with the grating distance of 5mm, and can play a role in sensitization.
9. The real-time health monitoring method for the multi-parameter optical fiber sensing ship structure of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, the two paths of novel fiber bragg grating acceleration sensors of the flexible hinge are respectively used for measuring wave attack load and ship acceleration;
s2, a fiber grating strain sensor of a path of twelve-core strip light is mounted on the broadside stiffened plate and used for measuring the stress action of seawater pressure on the broadside;
a twelve-core ribbon fiber grating strain sensor is arranged on the transverse bulkhead and used for monitoring the internal stress of the bulkhead;
a twelve-core ribbon fiber grating strain sensor is arranged at a local opening part and used for measuring damage and the like generated by local stress concentration;
s3, connecting 8 acceleration sensors in series for each path of fiber bragg grating acceleration sensor; for each banded fiber grating strain sensor, a grating is engraved every 1m, so that 8 gratings are engraved in each band, and a fiber grating temperature sensor is connected behind the banded strain sensor in series.
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