CN111534871A - Structural fiber for overcoming Rayleigh unstable behavior of fluid and application - Google Patents
Structural fiber for overcoming Rayleigh unstable behavior of fluid and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN111534871A CN111534871A CN202010267059.2A CN202010267059A CN111534871A CN 111534871 A CN111534871 A CN 111534871A CN 202010267059 A CN202010267059 A CN 202010267059A CN 111534871 A CN111534871 A CN 111534871A
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/253—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a non-circular cross section; Spinnerette packs therefor
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/32—Side-by-side structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
- D02G3/40—Yarns in which fibres are united by adhesives; Impregnated yarns or threads
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Abstract
The invention discloses a structural fiber for overcoming the Rayleigh unstable behavior of fluid and application thereof, and aims to solve the problem that a liquid coating on the existing cylindrical fiber is difficult to realize a uniform and smooth liquid film on the cylindrical fiber because a spindle knot is easily formed due to the Rayleigh unstable behavior of the fluid. The structural fiber provided by the invention is characterized in that cylindrical fibers with the same size and surface energy are introduced side by side on the basis of a single cylindrical fiber to obtain the structural fiber with a non-circular cross section. Compared with the traditional single cylindrical fiber, the structural fiber provided by the invention has the advantages of simplicity, high efficiency, low cost and capability of overcoming the defect of uneven and smooth spreading of liquid on the fiber due to the Rayleigh instability phenomenon of the fluid. The fiber with the structure provided by the invention can realize smooth and uniform spreading and film forming of liquid on the fiber, so that the fiber can be applied to the aspects of fiber coating, microfluid transportation, micro detection and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of functional materials, in particular to a structural fiber for overcoming the Rayleigh unstable behavior of fluid and application thereof.
Background
The liquid column always breaks down into spherical droplets to achieve surface energy minimization, a common phenomenon known as placato-Rayleigh Instability (also known as capillary Instability). This uneven liquid film caused by the plalto-rayleigh instability is not conducive to the production of composite fibers by fluid coating, electrospinning and microfluidics.
Previous studies have shown that space limitations can inhibit rayleigh instability, but it is currently mainly operated in semi-closed systems under certain extreme conditions (e.g. high temperature), which is difficult to apply to various liquids and open systems. The methods for overcoming rayleigh instability of fluid have been mainly achieved by surfactant method, UV/high temperature curing treatment or by some specific chemical reaction, however, these methods are limited by materials and liquid components and also cause waste of resources and environmental pollution.
Therefore, how to provide a simple and general method for overcoming rayleigh instability under mild conditions is a problem that researchers in the field need to solve urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a structural fiber for overcoming rayleigh instability of fluid and an application thereof, so as to solve the problems that liquid on the existing cylindrical fiber is easy to form spindle knots, and it is difficult to maintain a uniform and smooth liquid film on the fiber.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a structural fiber for overcoming rayleigh instability behavior of a fluid:
the structural fibers comprise at least two cylindrical fibers which are arranged side by side and have the same size and the same surface energy, and the cross sections of the structural fibers are at least two circles which are arranged side by side and have the same size.
In one possible implementation, in the structural fiber for overcoming rayleigh instability behavior of a fluid provided by the present invention, the material of each cylindrical fiber in the structural fiber is the same; or at least two cylindrical fibers in the structural fibers are made of different materials, the surface energy of each cylindrical fiber is the same, and the surface energy of the cylindrical fibers made of different materials is modified through surface chemical modification.
In a possible implementation manner, in the structural fiber for overcoming the rayleigh instability behavior of the fluid provided by the present invention, the material of the cylindrical fiber is any one of a polymer, an inorganic oxide and a metal.
In one possible implementation, in the structural fiber for overcoming rayleigh instability behavior of a fluid provided by the present invention, the length of the structural fiber ranges from 0.01mm to 100 m.
In one possible implementation, in the structural fiber for overcoming rayleigh instability behavior of a fluid provided by the present invention, each cylindrical fiber has a diameter ranging from 10nm to 100 cm.
In one possible implementation, in the structural fiber for overcoming rayleigh instability behavior of a fluid as described above, provided by the present invention, the surface of the structural fiber is a smooth surface.
In one possible implementation, in the structural fiber for overcoming rayleigh instability behavior of a fluid provided by the present invention, the structural fiber is an integrally formed structure; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
the structural fiber is formed by splicing at least two cylindrical fibers side by side; and every two adjacent cylindrical fibers are bonded through an adhesive, or are chemically cross-linked and fixed through interfacial polymerization.
In a possible implementation manner, in the structural fiber for overcoming the rayleigh instability behavior of the fluid provided by the present invention, the number of the cylindrical fibers is 2 or 3 or 4.
The invention also provides a method for testing the structural fiber to overcome the Rayleigh unstable behavior of the fluid, wherein the structural fiber is the structural fiber for overcoming the Rayleigh unstable behavior of the fluid, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1: pulling the structural fiber out of the liquid pool at a constant speed along the long axis direction of the fiber;
s2: standing the structural fiber after passing through the liquid pool, observing the spreading behavior of the liquid on the structural fiber, recording the time of the liquid aggregating into spindle knots, and testing the capability of the structural fiber for overcoming the Rayleigh instability of the fluid according to the time of the liquid aggregating into the spindle knots;
s3: returning to step S1, repeating steps S1 and S2, changing only the drawing speed of the structural fiber;
s4: returning to step S1, steps S1 and S2 are repeatedly performed to replace only the liquid in the liquid pool.
The invention also provides the application of the structural fiber for overcoming the Rayleigh instability behavior of the fluid, and the structural fiber is used for realizing fiber coating, microfluid transportation and micro detection.
The structural fiber for overcoming the rayleigh unstable behavior of the fluid and the application thereof provided by the invention are provided aiming at the problems that the liquid coating on the existing cylindrical fiber is easy to form spindle knots due to the rayleigh unstable behavior of the fluid and is difficult to realize uniform and smooth liquid film on the cylindrical fiber. The structural fiber provided by the invention is obtained by introducing cylindrical fibers with the same size and surface energy side by side on the basis of a single cylindrical fiber, and is a structural fiber with a non-circular cross section, such as a structural fiber obtained by splicing two cylindrical fibers, three cylindrical fibers or four cylindrical fibers side by side. Compared with the traditional single cylindrical fiber, the structural fiber provided by the invention has the advantages of simplicity, high efficiency, low cost and capability of overcoming the defect of uneven and smooth spreading of liquid on the fiber due to the Rayleigh instability phenomenon of the fluid. The fiber with the structure provided by the invention can realize smooth and uniform spreading and film forming of liquid on the fiber, so that the fiber can be applied to the aspects of fiber coating, microfluid transportation, micro detection and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a structural fiber for overcoming Rayleigh instability of a fluid according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structural fiber shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a single conventional cylindrical fiber;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a single cylindrical fiber shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the spreading of a liquid over the structural fiber shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the spreading of a liquid over the structural fiber shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of the spreading of a liquid over a single cylindrical fiber shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the spreading of liquid over the single cylindrical fiber shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 9 is a flow chart of a method for testing the structural fiber to overcome Rayleigh instability of a fluid according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is an optical diagram of the liquid spreading of two parallel fibers and a single cylindrical fiber in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only illustrative and are not intended to limit the present invention.
The invention provides a structural fiber for overcoming the Rayleigh unstable behavior of a fluid, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
as shown in fig. 1, the structural fiber includes at least two cylindrical fibers with the same size and surface energy side by side, and as shown in fig. 2, the cross section of the structural fiber is at least two circles with the same size and side by side.
Both figures 1 and 2 exemplify structural fibers comprising two cylindrical fibers side by side. Specifically, the dimensions of the respective cylindrical fibers in the structural fibers are the same, i.e., the diameters of the cross sections of the respective cylindrical fibers are the same, and the lengths of the respective cylindrical fibers are the same.
In practical implementation, in the structural fiber for overcoming the rayleigh instability behavior of the fluid provided by the present invention, the number of the cylindrical fibers may be 2, that is, the structural fiber may include two cylindrical fibers with the same size and the same surface energy side by side (as shown in fig. 1), and the cross section of the structural fiber is two circles with the same size and arranged side by side (as shown in fig. 2); or, the number of the cylindrical fibers may also be 3, that is, the structural fibers may also include three side-by-side cylindrical fibers with the same size and surface energy, and the cross section of the structural fibers is three circles with the same size and arranged side by side; alternatively, the number of the cylindrical fibers may also be 4, that is, the structural fiber may also include four side-by-side cylindrical fibers with the same size and the same surface energy, and the cross section of the structural fiber is four circles with the same size and arranged side by side, which is not limited herein. Whereas the prior art single cylindrical fiber is shown in fig. 3 and has a circular cross-section as shown in fig. 4.
Structural fibers as shown in fig. 1 and 2 and a single cylindrical fiber as shown in fig. 3 and 4 were tested to overcome the rayleigh instability behavior of the fluid. After the structural fiber is pulled out from the liquid pool at a constant speed, the liquid is smoothly and uniformly spread on the surface of the structural fiber to form a film, as shown in figure 5, and the cross section of the structural fiber is as shown in figure 6, so that the Rayleigh unstable behavior of the fluid can be effectively overcome. After the single cylindrical fiber is pulled out from the liquid pool at a constant speed, the liquid can be condensed into spindle knots on the single cylindrical fiber due to the surface energy, as shown in fig. 7, and the cross section is as shown in fig. 8.
In practical implementation, in the structural fiber for overcoming the rayleigh instability behavior of the fluid provided by the present invention, the material of each cylindrical fiber in the structural fiber may be the same; or, the structural fibers may have cylindrical fibers with different materials, that is, at least two cylindrical fibers in the structural fibers are different in material, and it is only necessary to ensure that the surface energy of each cylindrical fiber is the same, and the surface energy of the cylindrical fibers with different materials may be modified by surface chemical modification.
In particular embodiments, the invention provides the above-described method for overcoming rayleigh instability in a fluidIn the structural fibers, the material of the cylindrical fibers may be a polymer, for example, polyhexamethylene adipamide (PA 66); alternatively, the material of the cylindrical fiber may be an inorganic oxide, for example, Silica (SiO)2) Zinc oxide (ZnO)2) Titanium oxide (TiO)2) Aluminum oxide (Al)2O3) Etc.; alternatively, the material of the cylindrical fibers may also be a metal, such as copper, platinum, iron, aluminum, or the like; and are not limited herein.
In specific implementation, in the structural fiber for overcoming the rayleigh instability of the fluid provided by the present invention, if the length of the structural fiber is too long, the fiber is easily broken during the manufacturing process of the structural fiber, and if the length of the structural fiber is too short, the problem that the observation of the liquid movement is not accurate enough occurs, so that the length of the structural fiber can be controlled within the range of 0.01mm to 100m in order to avoid the above problems.
In practical implementation, in the structural fiber for overcoming the rayleigh instability of the fluid provided by the present invention, if each cylindrical fiber is too thin, the fiber is likely to be broken during the manufacturing process of the structural fiber, and if each cylindrical fiber is too thick, the amount of liquid required to cover the entire fiber is too large, so that the diameter of each cylindrical fiber in the structural fiber can be controlled within a range of 10nm to 100cm in order to avoid the above problems.
In practice, the present invention provides the structural fiber for overcoming rayleigh instability of fluid, wherein the size of the structural fiber is mainly determined by the number of cylindrical fibers arranged in parallel and side by side. The more the number of the cylindrical fibers is, the smaller the eccentricity of the cross section formed after the surface of the structural fiber is wrapped with liquid is, and the capability of the structural fiber to overcome the fluid Rayleigh instability is influenced. In practical applications, the number of cylindrical fibers included in the structural fibers needs to be designed according to the length of the structural fibers.
In practical implementation, in the structural fiber for overcoming the rayleigh instability behavior of the fluid provided by the present invention, the surface of the structural fiber may be a smooth surface, and the structural fiber with the smooth surface can also overcome the rayleigh instability behavior of the fluid, that is, the rayleigh instability behavior of the fluid of the structural fiber is overcome not by the surface roughness of the fiber but by the structure of the structural fiber itself. Of course, the surface of the structural fiber may also be a rough surface, and the ability to overcome the rayleigh instability of the fluid may be further enhanced, which is not limited herein.
In specific implementation, in the structural fiber for overcoming the rayleigh instability of the fluid provided by the present invention, the structural fiber may be an integrally formed structure, that is, all cylindrical fibers in the structural fiber are integrally formed structures; or the structural fiber can also be formed by splicing at least two cylindrical fibers side by side; and are not limited herein. Specifically, the splicing manner of the cylindrical fibers in the structural fibers may be as follows: every two adjacent cylindrical fibers can be bonded through an adhesive; alternatively, every two adjacent cylindrical fibers may be chemically cross-linked and fixed by interfacial polymerization, which is not limited herein. Specifically, the interfacial polymerization may be light-induced interfacial polymerization, or the interfacial polymerization may also be heat-induced interfacial polymerization, or the interfacial polymerization may also be solvent-induced interfacial polymerization, which is not limited herein.
Based on the same inventive concept, the invention further provides a method for testing the structural fiber to overcome the rayleigh unstable behavior of the fluid, and the structural fiber is the structural fiber for overcoming the rayleigh unstable behavior of the fluid, as shown in fig. 9, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1: pulling the structural fiber out of the liquid pool at a constant speed along the long axis direction of the fiber;
specifically, after the structural fiber is straightened, one end of the structural fiber can be pulled out of the liquid pool, and the pulling speed can be regulated and controlled according to actual conditions and different liquids; it should be noted that, because the fibers have certain elasticity, the fibers cannot be straightened by excessive force to prevent the fibers from deforming; the liquid in the liquid pool may be water, or may also be a solution of silicone oil, chloroform, an organic solvent, and the like, which is not limited herein;
s2: standing the structural fiber after passing through the liquid pool, observing the spreading behavior of the liquid on the structural fiber, recording the time of the liquid aggregating into spindle knots, and testing the capability of the structural fiber for overcoming the Rayleigh instability of the fluid according to the time of the liquid aggregating into the spindle knots;
specifically, the structural fiber still needs to be kept in a straight state after being pulled out of the liquid pool, and the standing time can be freely set according to actual conditions and selected liquid; the spreading behavior of the liquid is that whether the liquid has Rayleigh instability phenomenon or not;
s3: returning to step S1, repeating steps S1 and S2, changing only the drawing speed of the structural fiber;
specifically, the pulling speed of the structural fiber can be designed as a variable, and the capability of the structural fiber for overcoming the Rayleigh instability of the fluid at different pulling speeds is tested;
s4: returning to step S1, repeating steps S1 and S2 to replace only the liquid in the liquid pool;
in particular, the type of liquid can be designed as a variable to test the ability of the structural fiber to overcome the rayleigh instability of the fluid at different liquid viscosities.
The method for testing the structural fiber to overcome the Rayleigh unstable behavior of the fluid has the advantages of low cost, easily obtained raw materials, simple process and the like.
The following provides a detailed description of the specific implementation of the method for testing the structural fiber to overcome the rayleigh instability of the fluid provided by the present invention.
Example 1:
firstly, respectively using structural fibers (for convenience of expression, hereinafter referred to as double parallel fibers) formed by splicing double cylindrical fibers side by side and single cylindrical fibers, and keeping the structural fibers and the single cylindrical fibers in a straightening state; in order to compare the capacity of the fibers of the two structures to overcome the Rayleigh instability of the fluid, the surface energy and the length of the fibers of the two structures are the same, and the cross section of each cylindrical fiber in the two parallel fibers is the same as the cross section of a single cylindrical fiber in size; in this example 1, the fiber material of the two structures is PA66, the length is 50cm, and the radius of the cross section of each cylindrical fiber in the double parallel fibers and the radius of the cross section of the single cylindrical fiber are 50 μm;
secondly, respectively pulling out double parallel fibers and single cylindrical fiber from a liquid pool with the liquid viscosity of 100cSt at a constant speed of 1 cm/s;
and thirdly, respectively standing the double parallel fibers and the single cylindrical fiber which are pulled out of the liquid pool until the liquid on the single cylindrical fiber is observed to be condensed into spindle knots due to the surface energy.
The ability of the two structures of fiber (double parallel fibers and single cylindrical fiber) of example 1 to overcome the rayleigh instability of the fluid is compared below. By recording the time when liquid on a single cylindrical fiber is gathered into spindle knots due to surface energy, the capacity of the fibers with two structures for overcoming the instability of the Rayleigh of the fluid can be compared. After comparison, as shown in fig. 10, rayleigh instability phenomenon of liquid appears on a single cylindrical fiber quickly, namely liquid gathers into spindle knots, and the time is only 1.5 s; the liquid can keep the state of a smooth and uniform liquid film on two parallel fibers for a long time, and the Rayleigh instability phenomenon does not occur within 50s, which is 33.3 times of that of a single cylindrical fiber. It is thus demonstrated that the double parallel fibers of example 1 of the present invention have the advantages of simplicity, high efficiency, low cost and the ability to overcome the rayleigh instability of the fluid, compared to the conventional cylindrical fibers. The two parallel fibers in the embodiment 1 of the invention can realize smooth and uniform spreading and film formation of liquid on the fibers, so that the fiber can be applied to the aspects of fiber coating, microfluid transportation, micro detection and the like.
Of course, the present invention may use inorganic oxide or metal to make structural fiber besides polymer material, which is not described herein.
Based on the same inventive concept, the invention also provides application of the structural fiber, and the structural fiber is the structural fiber for overcoming the Rayleigh unstable behavior of the fluid and can be used for realizing fiber coating, microfluid transportation and micro detection.
The structural fiber for overcoming the rayleigh unstable behavior of the fluid and the application thereof provided by the invention are provided aiming at the problems that the liquid coating on the existing cylindrical fiber is easy to form spindle knots due to the rayleigh unstable behavior of the fluid and is difficult to realize uniform and smooth liquid film on the cylindrical fiber. The structural fiber provided by the invention is obtained by introducing cylindrical fibers with the same size and surface energy side by side on the basis of a single cylindrical fiber, and is a structural fiber with a non-circular cross section, such as a structural fiber obtained by splicing two cylindrical fibers, three cylindrical fibers or four cylindrical fibers side by side. Compared with the traditional single cylindrical fiber, the structural fiber provided by the invention has the advantages of simplicity, high efficiency, low cost and capability of overcoming the defect of uneven and smooth spreading of liquid on the fiber due to the Rayleigh instability phenomenon of the fluid. The fiber with the structure provided by the invention can realize smooth and uniform spreading and film forming of liquid on the fiber, so that the fiber can be applied to the aspects of fiber coating, microfluid transportation, micro detection and the like.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (10)
1. A structural fiber for overcoming rayleigh instability behavior of a fluid, characterized by:
the structural fibers comprise at least two cylindrical fibers which are arranged side by side and have the same size and the same surface energy, and the cross sections of the structural fibers are at least two circles which are arranged side by side and have the same size.
2. The structural fiber for overcoming rayleigh instability behavior in fluids according to claim 1, wherein the material of each cylindrical fiber in the structural fiber is the same; or at least two cylindrical fibers in the structural fibers are made of different materials, the surface energy of each cylindrical fiber is the same, and the surface energy of the cylindrical fibers made of different materials is modified through surface chemical modification.
3. A structural fiber for overcoming fluid rayleigh instability behavior as in claim 1 wherein the material of the cylindrical fiber is any one of polymer, inorganic oxide and metal.
4. The structural fiber for overcoming rayleigh instability behavior in fluids according to claim 1, wherein the length of the structural fiber ranges from 0.01mm to 100 m.
5. The structural fiber for overcoming rayleigh instability behavior in fluids according to claim 1 wherein each cylindrical fiber has a diameter in the range of 10nm to 100 cm.
6. The structural fiber for overcoming rayleigh instability behavior in fluids according to claim 1 wherein the surface of the structural fiber is a smooth surface.
7. The structural fiber for overcoming rayleigh instability behavior in fluids according to claim 1, wherein the structural fiber is an integrally formed structure; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
the structural fiber is formed by splicing at least two cylindrical fibers side by side; and every two adjacent cylindrical fibers are bonded through an adhesive, or are chemically cross-linked and fixed through interfacial polymerization.
8. A structural fibre for overcoming rayleigh instability behaviour in fluids according to any of claims 1-7 characterised in that the number of cylindrical fibres is 2 or 3 or 4.
9. A test method for overcoming the Rayleigh instability behavior of a fluid by a structural fiber, which is the structural fiber for overcoming the Rayleigh instability behavior of the fluid according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprises the following steps:
s1: pulling the structural fiber out of the liquid pool at a constant speed along the long axis direction of the fiber;
s2: standing the structural fiber after passing through the liquid pool, observing the spreading behavior of the liquid on the structural fiber, recording the time of the liquid aggregating into spindle knots, and testing the capability of the structural fiber for overcoming the Rayleigh instability of the fluid according to the time of the liquid aggregating into the spindle knots;
s3: returning to step S1, repeating steps S1 and S2, changing only the drawing speed of the structural fiber;
s4: returning to step S1, steps S1 and S2 are repeatedly performed to replace only the liquid in the liquid pool.
10. Use of a structural fibre according to any one of claims 1 to 8 for overcoming rayleigh instability behaviour of a fluid for fibre coating, microfluidic transport and micro-detection.
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