CN111531058A - Simple pressure container manufacturing method based on deep drawing forming - Google Patents
Simple pressure container manufacturing method based on deep drawing forming Download PDFInfo
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- CN111531058A CN111531058A CN202010388341.6A CN202010388341A CN111531058A CN 111531058 A CN111531058 A CN 111531058A CN 202010388341 A CN202010388341 A CN 202010388341A CN 111531058 A CN111531058 A CN 111531058A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D51/00—Making hollow objects
- B21D51/16—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects
- B21D51/24—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects high-pressure containers, e.g. boilers, bottles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/02—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
- G01N3/313—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight generated by explosives
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/20—Metals
- G01N33/204—Structure thereof, e.g. crystal structure
- G01N33/2045—Defects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for manufacturing a simple pressure container based on deep drawing forming, and by the manufacturing method, the nominal volume of the container is less than 0.5 cubic meter, a coiled cylinder, a longitudinal welding cylinder, a circumferential welding cylinder and a seal head are avoided, the seal head can be formed into the simple pressure container only by welding the seal head in the circumferential direction, and three welding lines required by the original simple pressure container manufacturing are changed into one welding line. And the nominal volume is more than 0.5 cubic meter, only one cylinder section needs to be added according to the volume, and the circumferential welding of the cylinder body and the seal head is far away from the seal head transition area. The manufacturing cost of enterprises is reduced, the production efficiency is improved, and the light weight of the simple pressure container is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of design of simple pressure containers, in particular to a manufacturing method of a simple pressure container based on deep drawing forming.
Background
According to the regulation of NB/T47052 simple pressure vessel, the simple pressure vessel must satisfy: the design pressure is less than or equal to 1.6 MPa; the design temperature is more than or equal to-20 ℃, and the maximum working temperature is less than or equal to 150 ℃; a volume of less than or equal to 1.0m 3; the product of the working pressure and the volume is less than or equal to 1.0 MPa.m 3; the medium is water vapor or mixed gas of the above gases (vapor) formed by evaporating air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, inert gas and medical distilled water; the medium is allowed to contain other components such as oil which are not enough to change the characteristics of the medium, but the flash point or the burning point of the medium is higher than the maximum working temperature of the container by more than 30 ℃, and the compatibility with materials is not influenced.
Simple pressure vessels are typically used for mass production. The container has the advantages of no toxicity, low pressure, volume and other parameters, simple structure, long service life, and wide application in chemical industry, metallurgy, electronic power, medicine, packaging and other fields. TSG21 fixed pressure vessel safety technology supervision regulations and NB/T47052 simple pressure vessel wall thickness design stipulates to be divided into calculation method design and test method design. The design of the calculation method is as follows: the wall thickness of a pressure element of the pressure container is designed according to the corresponding chapter rules of GB150.3 pressure container; the design of the test method is as follows: the wall thickness of the main tension elements of the cylinder body, the convex seal head, the flat cover and the like of the container, which meet the strength requirement, is determined by performing blasting experiments on container samples.
Deep drawing is one of the stretching techniques. Drawing is a process of making a flat blank into a hollow part using a die. The drawing process can be used to make barrel-shaped, stepped, spherical, conic, parabolic and other rotating parts, and also can be used to make box-shaped and other irregular non-rotating parts. The deep drawing forming of the plate has two basic failure types: wrinkling and cracking. And in the deep drawing process, the blank holder is used for blank pressing to generate proper friction force, increase the tensile force in the plate material and control the flow of the material to prevent wrinkling.
At present, the wall thickness design of the domestic simple pressure vessel is generally designed by adopting a calculation method. In the european union EN13831 "closed expansion vessel with internal diaphragm for water supply equipment" standard, most expansion vessels also belong to the category of simple pressure vessels.
The method is fundamentally different from the design and manufacturing method of the traditional pressure container: the wall thickness is designed by adopting a test method, and the manufacturing adopts a deep drawing technology. Therefore, the application of the deep drawing technology is a good method for realizing the light design and manufacture of the simple pressure container, reducing the cost and enhancing the competitive power of enterprises.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a manufacturing method of a simple pressure container based on deep drawing forming, which reduces the manufacturing cost of enterprises and realizes the light weight of the design and the manufacture of the simple pressure container.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a simple pressure vessel based on deep drawing, comprising the following steps:
step 1: obtaining the material performance of the pressure container material at the ambient temperature through a tensile test;
step 2: calculating the end socket deep drawing process by using a CAE method, and making a deep drawing forming process scheme;
and step 3: deep-drawing the blank on a hydraulic press to form an end enclosure;
and 4, step 4: removing the blank holder and reserving the cylinder part with proper height;
and 5: forming a container;
for a container with nominal volume less than 0.5 cubic meter, adopting necking insertion type assembly or high-frequency automatic welding to two deep-drawing seal heads;
for a container with the nominal volume of more than 0.5 cubic meter, adopting necking insertion assembly or high-frequency automatic welding for the cylinder section and the deep-drawing end enclosure; reasonably selecting welding materials, and ensuring that the tensile strength of the butt welding joint is not lower than a lower limit value specified by a base material standard; before the container is welded, a welding seam of a compression element, a welding seam welded with the compression element, a positioning welding seam fused into a permanent welding seam, and a repair welding of a compression parent metal, wherein a repair welding seam of the welding seam is evaluated according to NB/T47014 or has the welding process procedure (WPS) support qualified through evaluation; and storing a welding process report, a welding process schedule, a welding record and a welder identification.
Step 6: processing and welding other parts;
and 7: carrying out nondestructive testing on the welding seam;
and 8: carrying out a pressure resistance test on the formed pressure container;
and step 9: and carrying out a bursting test on the formed pressure vessel.
Preferably, in step 1, the material properties include a stress-strain curve, a tensile strength, a yield strength, and a post-fracture elongation.
Preferably, in the step 2, deep drawing process parameters of different types of deep drawing forming end sockets are formulated through calculation, wherein the parameters comprise the size of a die, the thickness of a blank, the diameter of a round plate of the blank, the blank pressing force and the deep drawing displacement, and the appearance, the thickness and the strength of the deep drawing forming end socket are ensured to meet the design requirements.
Preferably, in step 3, a water jet or other cutting method is adopted to process the steel plate into a blank circular plate with a proper size, the blank circular plate is placed on a hydraulic press, and proper amount of stretching oil or covering films are uniformly coated on two surfaces of the blank plate so as to reduce the friction force in the stretching process; adjusting the edge pressing force of a hydraulic press to perform deep drawing; the structure after deep drawing one-step forming is an integrated structure of a seal head and a cylinder body.
Preferably, in step 4, the straight edge section part close to the edge pressing part, where the material is just demoulded, has large stress concentration and poor surface quality, and the edge pressing part and part of the cylinder body are cut off from the deep-drawing formed end socket.
Preferably, in step 6, the process welds other components of the simple pressure vessel, including the pedestal, the caul plate, and various nipples.
Preferably, in step 7, during non-batch production, the weld joint is subjected to nondestructive detection, if an unallowable defect exists, repair welding should be performed after the defect is removed, and the part is re-detected by adopting the original detection method.
Preferably, in step 8, the pressure vessel after completion of the production is subjected to a pressure resistance test, and the test method and the pass requirements are carried out in accordance with the specification of TSG21 or NB/T47052.
Preferably, in step 9, for mass production purposes, burst tests are performed on simple pressure vessels designed and manufactured according to the method, on a batch-by-batch basis, with the test methods and qualification requirements being in accordance with the specifications of TSG21 or NB/T47052.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the invention provides a manufacturing method for deep drawing forming of a simple pressure container. The method is suitable for simple pressure vessels made of carbon steel, the simple pressure vessels made by the method have the same functions as the existing pressure vessels, can be used for storing and transporting water vapor or mixed gas of air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, inert gas and medical distilled water, and has wide application.
By the manufacturing method, the container with the nominal volume of less than 0.5 cubic meter avoids rolling a cylinder, longitudinally welding the cylinder, annularly welding the cylinder and the end enclosure, the end enclosure can be formed into a simple pressure container only by annularly welding the end enclosure together, and three welding seams required by manufacturing the original simple pressure container are changed into one welding seam. And the nominal volume is more than 0.5 cubic meter, only one cylinder section needs to be added according to the volume, and the circumferential welding of the cylinder body and the seal head is far away from the seal head transition area. The manufacturing cost of enterprises is reduced, the production efficiency is improved, and the light weight of the simple pressure container is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a deep-draw forming head;
FIG. 2 shows the blank holder force of the hydraulic press in the deep-drawing forming process of the gas storage tank.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below.
With a nominal volume of 0.4m3The gas storage tank is taken as an example, and deep-drawing containers are designed and manufactured by adopting the method described by the invention. The gas storage tank is a simple pressure container, and the design parameters are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 gas tank design parameter table
|
100℃ | Design pressure Pd | 1MPa |
Working medium | Air/water | Outer diameter D of the containerO | 740mm |
Full volume | 0.4m3 | Coefficient of weld joint | 1 |
Margin of corrosion | 0.5mm | Material | Q235B |
The method comprises the following steps:
step 1, performing tensile mechanical property test on a carbon steel Q235B material at normal temperature, wherein the test reference standard is GB/T228.1-2010 part 1 of the metal material tensile test: room temperature test method, the axis of the sample is vertical to the rolling direction of the plate, the quasi-static speed is adopted in the test process, and finally the stress-strain curve, the yield strength, the tensile strength and the elongation after fracture of the material are output.
Step 2: and calculating the end socket deep drawing process by using a CAE method, and making a deep drawing forming process scheme. Obtaining a deep drawing depth of 590 mm; the shape of the end socket is an elliptical end socket, and the key size of the deep drawing die is shown in table 2; the blank holder force is divided into three sections when the hydraulic press is used for deep drawing, the abscissa is the movement displacement of the punch, and the ordinate is the blank holder force, and the blank holder force is shown in figure 2.
TABLE 2 deep-drawing process parameters of gas tank
And step 3: deep-drawing the formed end socket on a hydraulic press, and drawing the end socket as shown in figure 1 a;
the circular plate blank is processed into a proper size by adopting a water jet cutter or other cutting modes, the blank is placed on a hydraulic press, and proper amount of drawing oil is uniformly coated on the two surfaces of the blank plate, so that the friction is reduced, and the fluidity of metal is increased. Adjusting the edge pressing force of a hydraulic press to perform deep drawing.
And 4, step 4: removing the blank holder and reserving the cylinder part with proper height, as shown in figures 1a-1 b;
because in the straight side section part, here material just demold, stress concentration is big and surface quality is poor, so excision blank holder and partial barrel guarantee that the head top is 560mm to straight cylinder incision height.
And 5: butt-ring welding of the end sockets as shown in fig. 1 c;
the two deep-drawing end sockets are assembled in a necking insertion mode or automatically welded in a high frequency mode; reasonably selecting welding materials, and ensuring that the tensile strength of the butt welding joint is not lower than a lower limit value specified by a base material standard; before the container is welded, a welding seam of the compression element, a welding seam welded with the compression element, a positioning welding seam fused into a permanent welding seam, repair welding of a compression parent metal, and a repair welding seam of the welding seam are evaluated according to NB/T47014 or have qualified welding process regulation (WPS) support; and storing a welding process report, a welding process schedule, a welding record and a welder identification.
Step 6: b, cutting and pressing edge c for girth welding after the processing and welding of other parts a and deep drawing:
and processing and welding other parts of the gas storage tank, including a support, a base plate, a connecting pipe and the like.
And 7: carrying out nondestructive testing on the welding seam;
and (3) carrying out nondestructive testing on the deep-drawing formed simple pressure container after the shape, the size and the appearance of the pressure container are qualified, if an unallowable defect exists, carrying out repair welding after the defect is removed completely, and rechecking the position by adopting the original testing method.
And 8: withstand voltage test
And (5) performing a hydraulic test on the manufactured air storage tank. The test procedures and qualification requirements were as specified in NB/T47052.
And step 9: burst test
For mass production purposes, the manufactured gas storage tanks should be sampled for burst testing. The procedures and qualification requirements of the burst test were as specified in TSG21 or NB/T47052.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention in any way. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A manufacturing method of a simple pressure container based on deep drawing forming is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: obtaining the material performance of the pressure container material at the ambient temperature through a tensile test;
step 2: calculating the end socket deep drawing process by using a CAE method, and making a deep drawing forming process scheme;
and step 3: deep-drawing the blank on a hydraulic press to form an end enclosure;
and 4, step 4: removing the blank holder and reserving the cylinder part with proper height;
and 5: forming a container;
for a container with nominal volume less than 0.5 cubic meter, adopting necking insertion type assembly or high-frequency automatic welding to two deep-drawing seal heads;
for a container with the nominal volume of more than 0.5 cubic meter, adopting necking insertion assembly or high-frequency automatic welding for the cylinder section and the deep-drawing end enclosure; reasonably selecting welding materials, and ensuring that the tensile strength of the butt welding joint is not lower than a lower limit value specified by a base material standard; before the container is welded, a welding seam of a compression element, a welding seam welded with the compression element, a positioning welding seam fused into a permanent welding seam, and a repair welding of a compression parent metal, wherein a repair welding seam of the welding seam is evaluated according to NB/T47014 or has the welding process procedure (WPS) support qualified through evaluation; and storing a welding process report, a welding process schedule, a welding record and a welder identification.
Step 6: processing and welding other parts;
and 7: carrying out nondestructive testing on the welding seam;
and 8: carrying out a pressure resistance test on the formed pressure container;
and step 9: and carrying out a bursting test on the formed pressure vessel.
2. The method for manufacturing a simple pressure vessel based on deep drawing according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the material properties include a stress-strain curve, a tensile strength, a yield strength, and a post-fracture elongation.
3. The manufacturing method of the simple pressure vessel based on the deep drawing forming as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the deep drawing process parameters of different types of deep drawing forming end sockets, including the size of the die, the thickness of the blank, the diameter of the circular plate of the blank, the blank holder force and the deep drawing displacement, are calculated, so as to ensure that the appearance, the thickness and the strength of the deep drawing forming end socket meet the design requirements.
4. The method for manufacturing a simple pressure vessel based on deep drawing according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, a steel plate is processed into a blank circular plate with a suitable size by a water jet cutter or other cutting methods, the blank circular plate is placed on a hydraulic press, and a proper amount of drawing oil or a covering film is uniformly coated on two surfaces of the blank plate to reduce the friction force in the drawing process; adjusting the edge pressing force of a hydraulic press to perform deep drawing; the structure after deep drawing one-step forming is an integrated structure of a seal head and a cylinder body.
5. The method for manufacturing a simple pressure vessel based on deep drawing according to claim 1, wherein in step 4, the straight edge section near the edge is cut off the edge and part of the cylinder because the material is just demoulded, the stress concentration is large and the surface quality is poor.
6. The method for manufacturing a simple pressure vessel based on deep drawing according to claim 1, wherein in step 6, other parts of the simple pressure vessel including a support, a backing plate and various connection pipes are processed and welded.
7. The method for manufacturing a simple pressure vessel based on deep drawing according to claim 1, wherein in step 7, the weld joint is subjected to non-destructive inspection during non-batch production, and if an unallowable defect exists, repair welding should be performed after the defect is removed, and the part is re-inspected by using the original inspection method.
8. The method of manufacturing a simple pressure vessel by deep drawing according to claim 1, wherein the simple pressure vessel after completion of the manufacture is subjected to a pressure resistance test in step 8, and the test method and the qualification requirements are performed in accordance with the regulations of TSG21 or NB/T47052.
9. The method for manufacturing a simple pressure vessel by deep drawing according to claim 1, wherein the simple pressure vessel designed and manufactured by the method is subjected to a burst test by lot sampling in step 9 for the purpose of mass production, and the test method and the qualification requirements are performed according to the specification of TSG21 or NB/T47052.
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Cited By (1)
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113376013A (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-09-10 | 首钢京唐钢铁联合有限责任公司 | Strip steel sample for forming limit test and limit test method |
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