CN111529151A - Segmented laryngotracheal stent and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Segmented laryngotracheal stent and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111529151A CN111529151A CN202010497652.6A CN202010497652A CN111529151A CN 111529151 A CN111529151 A CN 111529151A CN 202010497652 A CN202010497652 A CN 202010497652A CN 111529151 A CN111529151 A CN 111529151A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/95—Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
- A61L31/08—Materials for coatings
- A61L31/10—Macromolecular materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/95—Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts
- A61F2002/9528—Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts for retrieval of stents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2210/00—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2210/0014—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof using shape memory or superelastic materials, e.g. nitinol
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2240/00—Manufacturing or designing of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2400/00—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties
- A61L2400/18—Modification of implant surfaces in order to improve biocompatibility, cell growth, fixation of biomolecules, e.g. plasma treatment
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Transplantation (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to a segmented laryngotracheal stent and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problem that the traditional metal tracheal stent cannot conform to the anatomical characteristics of laryngotracheas. The segmented laryngotracheal stent comprises at least two stent monomers, wherein the adjacent stent monomers are connected through a movable mechanism, and the stent monomers are configured to be capable of movably adjusting the position to adapt to the physiological characteristics of the laryngotracheal. Compared with the traditional laryngotracheal stent, the laryngotracheal stent provided by the invention can relieve the stimulation to surrounding tissues, reduce the proliferation of granulation tissues, avoid laryngeal edema and avoid the risks of self displacement, fracture and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to a sectional laryngotracheal stent and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The problem of laryngotracheal stenosis can be caused by tumor compression, trauma (including iatrogenic injury) and the like near the laryngotracheal, and the tracheal stent is implanted for treatment to recover the tracheal patency of a patient who is not suitable for an operation.
However, due to individual differences, anatomical features of laryngotracheas of different patients are different, and the shape of the traditional metal tracheal stent is fixed, so that the fixed shape cannot well conform to the anatomical characteristics of the laryngotracheas.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a sectional laryngotracheal stent and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problem that the traditional metal tracheal stent cannot conform to the anatomical characteristics of laryngotracheas.
In order to alleviate the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a segmented laryngotracheal stent,
the laryngeal-tracheal stent comprises at least two stent monomers, wherein the adjacent stent monomers are connected through a movable mechanism, and the stent monomers are configured to be capable of movably adjusting the position to adapt to the physiological characteristics of the laryngeal trachea.
Further, in the present invention,
the bracket monomer which is arranged above the laryngotracheal in the using state is taken as a first bracket monomer,
the first support single body comprises a main body part and an opening part which are connected, and the opening part is configured to be hung above a glottis in a mode that the diameter of the opening part is not smaller than that of the main body part.
Further, in the present invention,
the opening is formed in a horn shape, a cylindrical shape, or a spherical shape.
Further, in the present invention,
one of the bracket single bodies is taken as a first bracket single body, and the bracket single body adjacent to the first bracket single body is taken as a second bracket single body;
the first support single body is movably connected with the second support single body, and the movable mechanism is a first movable mechanism which is configured to have six degrees of freedom in space.
Further, in the present invention,
one of the bracket single bodies is used as a first bracket single body, the bracket single body adjacent to the first bracket single body is used as a second bracket single body, and the bracket single body adjacent to the second bracket single body is used as a third bracket single body;
a movable mechanism movably connected between the first support single body and the second support single body is taken as a first movable mechanism, and a movable mechanism movably connected between the second support single body and the third support single body is taken as a second movable mechanism;
the first and second moving mechanisms are each configured to have six degrees of freedom in space.
Further, in the present invention,
the support single bodies are arranged into a latticed cylinder structure, the end parts of the support single bodies are provided with connecting points formed by crossed grid lines, adjacent connecting points are spaced from each other, and the connecting points are configured to be connected with the movable mechanism.
Further, in the present invention,
the movable mechanism comprises a plurality of connecting elements which are distributed in an annular mode and are respectively connected with the connecting points of the adjacent support single bodies, and the connecting elements are configured to be adjustable in angle.
Further, in the present invention,
one end of the connecting element is connected with a connecting point of one bracket monomer, and the other end of the connecting element is connected with at least one connecting point of the adjacent bracket monomer.
Further, in the present invention,
the connecting element comprises a first wire body and a second wire body which are arranged in an angle and are both in a linear structure, the connected end parts of the first wire body and the second wire body are connected with a connecting point,
the end parts of the first wire body and the second wire body, which are separated from each other, are respectively connected to two connecting points at intervals of the adjacent single support bodies.
Further, in the present invention,
the material of the movable mechanism comprises PTFE.
Further, in the present invention,
the single bracket body is made of memory alloy.
Further, in the present invention,
the surfaces of the bracket monomer and the movable mechanism are coated with silicone layers.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method of making a segmented laryngotracheal stent comprising the steps of:
acquiring original data of a laryngotracheal tube and surrounding tissue structures of the laryngotracheal tube;
reconstructing three-dimensional model data of the laryngotracheal tube and the surrounding tissue structure, and importing the reconstructed data into an output device;
the output device prints out a three-dimensional solid model of the laryngotracheal tube according to the reconstruction data;
and manufacturing a sectional laryngotracheal stent according to the three-dimensional solid model.
Further, in the present invention,
the step of obtaining data of the laryngotracheal tube and the surrounding tissue structure comprises the following steps:
the thin layer of the chest is CT scanned to obtain raw data of the laryngo airways and surrounding tissue structures.
Further, in the present invention,
the steps of reconstructing three-dimensional model data of the laryngotracheal tube and the surrounding tissue structure and importing the reconstructed data into an output device comprise:
the CT three-dimensional reconstruction technology carries out three-dimensional reconstruction on the laryngotracheae and surrounding structures to obtain three-dimensional reconstruction data, and the reconstruction data are led into a 3D printer.
Further, in the present invention,
the step of printing out the three-dimensional solid model by the output device according to the reconstruction data comprises the following steps:
and the 3D printer prints out the three-dimensional solid model of the laryngotracheal tube according to the reconstruction data.
The embodiment of the invention can at least realize the following beneficial effects:
the segmented laryngotracheal stent provided by the invention comprises at least two stent monomers, wherein the adjacent stent monomers are connected through a movable mechanism, and the stent monomers are configured to be capable of movably adjusting the position to adapt to the physiological characteristics of the laryngotracheal.
Compared with the traditional laryngotracheal stent, the laryngotracheal stent provided by the invention can relieve the stimulation to surrounding tissues, reduce the proliferation of granulation tissues, avoid laryngeal edema and avoid the risks of self displacement, fracture and the like.
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention or related technologies, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a laryngotracheal stent according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another laryngotracheal stent according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a moving mechanism in a laryngotracheal stent provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a laryngotracheal and surrounding tissue structure atlas obtained by CT scanning of a thin layer of the chest in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 is a flowchart of a method for preparing a segmented laryngotracheal stent according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Icon: 100-a scaffold monomer; 200-a moving mechanism; 210-a connecting element; 211-a first wire body; 212-a second wire body; 101-a body portion; 102-an opening; 110-a first scaffold monomer; 120-a second scaffold monomer; 130-a third scaffold monomer; 201-a first movable mechanism; 202-a second movable mechanism; 010-a junction; 300-recycling line.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The term "physical quantity" in the formula, unless otherwise noted, is understood to mean a basic quantity of a basic unit of international system of units, or a derived quantity derived from a basic quantity by a mathematical operation such as multiplication, division, differentiation, or integration.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Example one
The problem of laryngotracheal stenosis can be caused by tumor compression, trauma (including iatrogenic injury) and the like near the laryngotracheal, and the tracheal stent is implanted for treatment to recover the tracheal patency of a patient who is not suitable for an operation.
However, due to individual differences, anatomical features of laryngotracheas of different patients are different, and the shape of the traditional metal tracheal stent is fixed, so that the fixed shape cannot well conform to the anatomical characteristics of the laryngotracheas.
The embodiment provides a segmented laryngotracheal stent, which comprises at least two stent units 100, wherein adjacent stent units 100 are connected through a movable mechanism 200, and the stent units 100 are configured to be movably adjusted in position to adapt to the physiological characteristics of the laryngotrachea.
Compared with the traditional laryngotracheal stent, the laryngotracheal stent provided by the invention can relieve the stimulation to surrounding tissues, reduce the proliferation of granulation tissues, avoid laryngeal edema and avoid the risks of self displacement, fracture and the like.
In this embodiment, the laryngotracheal stent preferably comprises two stent units 100 (this version is not shown in the drawings). One of the bracket units 100 is taken as a first bracket unit 110, and the bracket unit 100 adjacent to the first bracket unit 110 is taken as a second bracket unit 120; the first moving mechanism 201 is a moving mechanism 200 movably connected between the first stand unit 110 and the second stand unit 120, and the first moving mechanism 201 is spatially arranged to have six degrees of freedom. The first moving mechanism 201 has six degrees of freedom indicating: the first moving mechanism 201 can realize up-down, left-right, front-back displacement in space, and when the first bracket unit 110 and the second bracket unit 120 generate compliance deviation under the guiding action of the laryngotracheal physiological tissue, the first moving mechanism 201 can self-adaptively adjust along with the deviation of the first bracket unit 110 and the second bracket unit 120.
As a variation of the above embodiment, the laryngotracheal stent includes three stent units 100 (see fig. 1 and fig. 2 for details of this embodiment), one of the stent units 100 is used as a first stent unit 110, the stent unit 100 adjacent to the first stent unit 110 is used as a second stent unit 120, and the stent unit 100 adjacent to the second stent unit 120 is used as a third stent unit 130; a movable mechanism 200 movably connected between the first bracket unit 110 and the second bracket unit 120 is taken as a first movable mechanism 201, and a movable mechanism 200 movably connected between the second bracket unit 120 and the third bracket unit 130 is taken as a second movable mechanism 202; each of the first movable mechanism 201 and the second movable mechanism 202 is spatially arranged to have six degrees of freedom.
The first moving mechanism 201 has six degrees of freedom indicating: the first moving mechanism 201 can realize up-down, left-right, front-back displacement in space, and when the first bracket unit 110 and the second bracket unit 120 generate compliance deviation under the guiding action of the laryngotracheal physiological tissue, the first moving mechanism 201 can self-adaptively adjust along with the deviation of the first bracket unit 110 and the second bracket unit 120.
The second movable mechanism 202 has six degrees of freedom indicating: the second movable mechanism 202 can spatially realize the up-down, left-right, and front-back displacement, and when the second stent unit 120 and the third stent unit 130 generate the compliance deviation under the guiding action of the laryngotracheal physiological tissue, the second movable mechanism 202 can self-adaptively adjust along with the deviation of the second stent unit 120 and the third stent unit 130.
The detailed structure of the single stent 100 is discussed as follows:
the single bracket bodies 100 are arranged in a grid-like cylindrical structure, and for example, a grid may be formed by two obliquely crossing lines, the obliquely crossing lines form connection points 010 at ends of the single bracket bodies 100, the adjacent connection points 010 are spaced from each other, and the connection points 010 are arranged to be connected to the movable mechanism 200.
Furthermore, the diameters of the individual stent units 100 may be set to be different, and customized adjustment may be performed according to the physiological characteristics of different patients.
Further, in the case of a laryngotracheal stent having three stent units 100, the diameters of the respective stent units 100 are 10-20mm, 20-23mm, and 23-25mm, respectively, from top to bottom;
further, in the case of a laryngotracheal stent having three stent units 100, the diameters of the respective stent units 100 are 14mm, 22mm, and 24mm from top to bottom, respectively.
Further, in the case of a laryngotracheal stent having three stent units 100, the lengths of the respective stent units 100 are 8-15mm, 20-30mm, and 20-30mm, respectively, from top to bottom;
further, in the case of a laryngotracheal stent having three stent units 100, the lengths of the respective stent units 100 are 10mm, 25mm, and 25mm, respectively, from top to bottom.
In the alternative of this embodiment, it is preferable that the first single stent unit 110 is a single stent unit 100 that is mounted above the laryngotracheal tube in a use state, the first single stent unit 110 includes a main body portion 101 and an opening portion 102 that are connected, and the opening portion 102 is configured to be hung above the glottis in a manner that the diameter is larger than that of the main body portion 101.
The development background of the opening 102 needs to be described with emphasis:
after the tracheal stent is implanted, displacement may occur, which may cause dyspnea, obstructive pulmonary inflammation, atelectasis, and the like. Increasing the radial support force of the stent can reduce the risk of displacement, but the radial support force and the compliance of the stent are in conflict, and increasing the radial support force of the stent excessively reduces the compliance thereof, thereby increasing the irritation to the tracheal wall and causing the intolerance of the patient. These problems are currently not an effective solution.
In order to effectively solve the problems of the existing tracheal stent and simultaneously realize the effects of preventing displacement and conforming to the laryngotracheal tube, and combine the anatomical characteristics (specific shape and shape-moving direction) of the laryngotracheal tube, the invention develops the opening part 102, the near end of the stent is designed into a horn mouth shape, the edge of the stent is expanded outwards and is fixed above the glottis, and therefore the displacement of the stent is avoided on the basis of not reducing the flexibility; meanwhile, the joint design is adopted, and the joint is matched with the anatomical characteristics of different segments of the laryngotracheal, so that certain flexibility is ensured.
Furthermore, the opening 102 is cylindrical, and the diameter of the cylindrical opening 102 is larger than that of the first bracket unit 110, so that the diameter-variable structure can be easily fixed to the surrounding tissue.
Further, the opening 102 is formed in a horn shape, and the diameter of the opening 102 gradually increases in a direction away from the distal end of the first bracket unit 110. The upper end of the bracket adopts a bell mouth design, so that the bracket is more easily fixed on surrounding tissues, and compared with a cylindrical structure, the bell-shaped structure is not only easy, but also fixed on the surrounding tissues.
Further, the opening 102 is formed in a spherical shape, and the lateral diameter of the opening 102 is gradually increased and then gradually decreased in a direction away from the distal end of the first bracket unit 110. Similarly, the spherical opening 102 is easily fixed to the surrounding tissue, and the trumpet-shaped structure is easily fixed to the surrounding tissue, as compared with the cylindrical structure.
Further, the length of the opening portion 102 is set to 1-5mm and the diameter is set to 14-18 mm.
Further, the length of the opening portion 102 is set to 3 mm.
The shape and construction of the movable mechanism 200 will be described in detail below,
as before, the motion mechanism 200 needs to be able to achieve six degrees of freedom in direction,
preferably, the movable mechanism 200 includes a plurality of connecting elements 210 distributed in a ring shape and respectively connected to the connecting points 010 of the adjacent bracket units 100, and the connecting elements 210 are configured to be angularly adjustable.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
the connection member 210 has one end connected to the connection point 010 of one bracket unit 100 and the other end connected to at least one connection point 010 of the adjacent bracket unit 100. The above-mentioned at least one connection point 010 shows that the other end of the connection member 210 can be connected to one connection point 010 or two connection points 010 with the adjacent bracket unit 100.
Regarding the structure of the connection element 210, in more detail:
the connection elements 210 may be arranged in parallel linear structures (this way is not shown in the drawing), and each connection element 210 is connected to the corresponding connection point 010 of the upper and lower bracket units 100, and the connection elements 210 are not in contact with each other and are spaced apart from each other. This way, a free movement of six degrees of freedom can be achieved.
Alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
the connection element 210 includes a first wire 211 and a second wire 212 (see fig. 3) arranged at an angle and each having a linear structure, wherein the connected ends of the first wire 211 and the second wire 212 are connected to a connection point 010, and the separated ends of the first wire 211 and the second wire 212 are respectively connected to two connection points 010 spaced apart from each other of the adjacent single stent 100. As shown in fig. 3, the top ends of the first wire body 211 and the second wire body 212 are fixed to the same connection point 010, and the lower end of the first wire body 211 of one connection element 210 is connected to the lower end of the second wire body 212 of the adjacent connection element 210, or the lower end of the first wire body 211 of one connection element 210 is connected to the second wire body 212 of the adjacent connection element 210.
In an alternative embodiment, the material of the movable mechanism 200 preferably includes PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene).
In the alternative of this embodiment, it is preferable that the single stent 100 is made of a memory alloy.
In the alternative of the present embodiment, it is preferable that the surfaces of the holder unit 100 and the movable mechanism 200 are coated with a silicone layer (film). The silicone layer may prevent tumor or hyperplastic tissue ingrowth.
In the alternative of this embodiment, it is preferable that the laryngotracheal stent is further provided with a recovery wire 300, and the recovery wire 300 can be connected to one of the stent units 100 of the laryngotracheal stent, preferably to the stent unit 100 close to the glottis, and more preferably to the opening 102 of the stent unit 100 close to the glottis, so that the recovery wire can be conveniently taken out and recovered. More preferably, the recovery thread 300 is provided in a thread-like structure, and is connected to the stent unit 100 in a winding manner.
Example two
This embodiment provides a method for preparing a segmented laryngotracheal stent, please refer to fig. 5, which comprises the following steps:
s1: acquiring original data of a laryngotracheal tube and surrounding tissue structures of the laryngotracheal tube;
s2: reconstructing three-dimensional model data of the laryngotracheal tube and the surrounding tissue structure, and importing the reconstructed data into an output device;
s3: and the output device prints out the three-dimensional solid model of the laryngotracheal tube according to the reconstruction data.
S4: and manufacturing the sectional laryngotracheal stent according to the three-dimensional solid model of the laryngotracheal.
The step of obtaining the data of the laryngotracheal tube and the tissue structure around the laryngotracheal tube in step S1 includes:
thin layers of the neck and chest are CT scanned to obtain raw data of the laryngo airways and surrounding tissue structures.
The step of reconstructing three-dimensional model data of the laryngotracheal tube and the surrounding tissue structure in step S2 and importing the reconstructed data into an output device includes:
the CT three-dimensional reconstruction technology carries out three-dimensional reconstruction on the laryngotracheae and surrounding structures to obtain three-dimensional reconstruction data, and the reconstruction data are led into a 3D printer;
the step of printing out the three-dimensional solid model according to the reconstruction data by the output device in the step S3 includes:
and the 3D printer prints out the three-dimensional solid model of the laryngotracheal tube according to the reconstruction data.
The specific implementation scenario is as follows:
firstly, scanning neck and chest thin layers through CT to obtain original data (an acquisition result is shown in figure 4) of the laryngotracheal and surrounding tissue structures, then carrying out three-dimensional reconstruction on the laryngotracheal and surrounding structures through a CT three-dimensional reconstruction technology to obtain three-dimensional reconstruction data, importing the reconstruction data into a 3D printer, finally printing a three-dimensional solid model of the laryngotracheal according to the reconstruction data through the 3D printer, and manufacturing a laryngotracheal bracket according to the model in a personalized mode.
The significance of preparing the segmented laryngotracheal stent by the method is as follows: due to individual differences, the anatomical features of the laryngotracheas of different patients are different, and the fixed shape of the traditional metal tracheal stent cannot well conform to the anatomical features of the laryngotracheas of different individuals. The preparation method comprises the steps of firstly collecting anatomical features of the laryngotracheas (original data of the laryngotracheas and surrounding tissue structures) of a specific individual, reconstructing a three-dimensional model according to the anatomical features of the laryngotracheas, then outputting the three-dimensional model of the laryngotracheas by adopting a 3D printing method, and finally manufacturing the laryngotracheal stent according to the three-dimensional model of the laryngotracheas. The method can realize customization and better conform to the anatomical characteristics of different patients.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (17)
1. A sectional laryngotracheal stent which is characterized in that,
the laryngeal-tracheal stent comprises at least two stent monomers, wherein the adjacent stent monomers are connected through a movable mechanism, and the stent monomers are configured to be capable of movably adjusting the position to adapt to the physiological characteristics of the laryngeal trachea.
2. The segmented laryngotracheal stent of claim 1,
the bracket monomer which is arranged above the laryngotracheal in the using state is taken as a first bracket monomer,
the first support single body comprises a main body part and an opening part which are connected, and the opening part is configured to be hung above a glottis in a mode that the diameter of the opening part is not smaller than that of the main body part.
3. The segmented laryngotracheal stent of claim 2,
the opening is formed in a horn shape, a cylindrical shape, or a spherical shape.
4. The segmented laryngotracheal stent of claim 1,
one of the bracket single bodies is taken as a first bracket single body, and the bracket single body adjacent to the first bracket single body is taken as a second bracket single body;
the first support single body is movably connected with the second support single body, and the movable mechanism is a first movable mechanism which is configured to have six degrees of freedom in space.
5. The segmented laryngotracheal stent of claim 1,
one of the bracket single bodies is used as a first bracket single body, the bracket single body adjacent to the first bracket single body is used as a second bracket single body, and the bracket single body adjacent to the second bracket single body is used as a third bracket single body;
a movable mechanism movably connected between the first support single body and the second support single body is taken as a first movable mechanism, and a movable mechanism movably connected between the second support single body and the third support single body is taken as a second movable mechanism;
the first and second moving mechanisms are each configured to have six degrees of freedom in space.
6. The segmented laryngotracheal stent of claim 1,
the support single bodies are arranged into a latticed cylinder structure, the end parts of the support single bodies are provided with connecting points formed by crossed grid lines, adjacent connecting points are spaced from each other, and the connecting points are configured to be connected with the movable mechanism.
7. The segmented laryngotracheal stent of claim 6,
the movable mechanism comprises a plurality of connecting elements which are distributed in an annular mode and are respectively connected with the connecting points of the adjacent support single bodies, and the connecting elements are configured to be adjustable in angle.
8. The segmented laryngotracheal stent of claim 7,
one end of the connecting element is connected with a connecting point of one bracket monomer, and the other end of the connecting element is connected with at least one connecting point of the adjacent bracket monomer.
9. The segmented laryngotracheal stent of claim 8,
the connecting element comprises a first wire body and a second wire body which are arranged in an angle and are both in a linear structure, the connected end parts of the first wire body and the second wire body are connected with a connecting point,
the end parts of the first wire body and the second wire body, which are separated from each other, are respectively connected to two connecting points at intervals of the adjacent single support bodies.
10. The segmented laryngotracheal stent of any one of claims 1-9,
the support monomer is connected with a recovery line.
11. The segmented laryngotracheal stent of any one of claims 1-9,
the material of the movable mechanism comprises PTFE.
12. The segmented laryngotracheal stent of any one of claims 1-9,
the single bracket body is made of memory alloy.
13. The segmented laryngotracheal stent of any one of claims 1-9,
the surfaces of the bracket monomer and the movable mechanism are coated with silicone layers.
14. A method of making a segmented laryngotracheal stent, comprising: the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring original data of a laryngotracheal tube and surrounding tissue structures of the laryngotracheal tube;
reconstructing three-dimensional model data of the laryngotracheal tube and the surrounding tissue structure, and importing the reconstructed data into an output device;
the output device prints out a three-dimensional solid model of the laryngotracheal tube according to the reconstruction data;
and manufacturing a sectional laryngotracheal stent according to the three-dimensional solid model.
15. The method of making a segmented laryngotracheal stent of claim 14, wherein:
the step of obtaining data of the laryngotracheal tube and the surrounding tissue structure comprises the following steps:
thin layers of the neck and chest are CT scanned to obtain raw data of the laryngo airways and surrounding tissue structures.
16. The method of making a segmented laryngotracheal stent of claim 15, wherein:
the steps of reconstructing three-dimensional model data of the laryngotracheal tube and the surrounding tissue structure and importing the reconstructed data into an output device comprise:
the CT three-dimensional reconstruction technology carries out three-dimensional reconstruction on the laryngotracheae and surrounding structures to obtain three-dimensional reconstruction data, and the reconstruction data are led into a 3D printer.
17. A method of preparing a segmented laryngotracheal stent as claimed in any one of claims 14 to 16, wherein:
the step of printing out the three-dimensional solid model by the output device according to the reconstruction data comprises the following steps:
and the 3D printer prints out the three-dimensional solid model of the laryngotracheal tube according to the reconstruction data.
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Effective date of registration: 20210114 Address after: No.149, Chongqing South Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai 200020 Applicant after: RUIJIN HOSPITAL AFFILIATED TO SHANGHAI JIAO TONG University SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Applicant after: Zhishan interventional Ablation Technology Research Institute (Nanjing) Co.,Ltd. Address before: No.149, Chongqing South Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai 200020 Applicant before: RUIJIN HOSPITAL AFFILIATED TO SHANGHAI JIAO TONG University SCHOOL OF MEDICINE |