CN111526591A

CN111526591A - Transmission method in a wireless communication system, radio node and computer readable medium

Info

Publication number: CN111526591A
Application number: CN201910870254.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周淼; 孙霏菲; 吴敏
Original assignee: Beijing Samsung Telecommunications Technology Research Co Ltd; Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
Current assignee: Beijing Samsung Telecom R&D Center; Beijing Samsung Telecommunications Technology Research Co Ltd; Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-02-01
Filing date: 2019-09-12
Publication date: 2020-08-11
Also published as: KR20210111359A

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a transmission method in a wireless communication system in which there is a first system and a second system, the frequency domain resources used by the first system and the second system at least partially overlapping, the transmission method comprising in the first system: acquiring information on the overlapped frequency domain resources; determining overlapping frequency domain resources, the determined overlapping frequency domain resources comprising subcarrier level overlap; and avoiding uplink transmission and/or listening for downlink transmission on the determined overlapping frequency domain resources.

Description

Transmission method in a wireless communication system, radio node and computer readable medium

Technical Field

The present application relates to the field of wireless communication technologies, and in particular, to a transmission method in a wireless communication system, and a corresponding radio node and computer readable medium.

Background

As a new generation of wireless mobile communication technology, the 5G NR may coexist with Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology, so that User Equipment (UE) supporting NR may enter or leave an area where NR is deployed to maintain communication continuity, and in the area where NR technology is deployed, conventional UE supporting only LTE may still keep normal operation through coexistence of NR and LTE. For example, one of the important characteristics of a terminal of an LTE-MTC or NB-IoT system is that the terminal has a very long runtime, e.g. up to ten years; therefore, after a collection of old versions of LTE-MTC or NB-IoT terminals are put into the market, even if new generation NR technology has been widely deployed later, the old versions of LTE-MTC and NB-IoT terminals may still be retained due to cost considerations, and it is still necessary to ensure that normal operation of the old versions of LTE-MTC or NB-IoT terminals can be supported for a long period of time.

Therefore, how to avoid the conflict problem of the two types of systems with overlapping frequency domain resources is a problem to be solved.

Disclosure of Invention

According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a transmission method in a wireless communication system in which there is a first system and a second system, the frequency domain resources used by the first system and the second system at least partially overlapping, the transmission method comprising in the first system: acquiring information on the overlapped frequency domain resources; determining overlapping frequency domain resources, the determined overlapping frequency domain resources comprising subcarrier level overlap; and avoiding uplink transmission and/or listening for downlink transmission on the determined overlapping frequency domain resources.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, determining overlapping frequency domain resources comprises one or any combination of the following:

using predefined overlapping frequency domain resources;

determining overlapping frequency domain resources according to a first predetermined condition; and

the overlapping frequency domain resources are determined according to the configuration.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, determining overlapping frequency domain resources according to a first predetermined condition comprises:

according to the received indication information, determining: whether the first system and/or the second system is a predetermined communication system and/or whether time domain and/or frequency domain resources used by the first system and/or the second system meet a second predetermined condition; and

if so, predefined frequency domain resources corresponding to a predetermined communication system and/or a second predetermined condition are determined as overlapping frequency domain resources.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the predetermined communication system may be an LTE-MTC system.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, determining overlapping frequency domain resources according to a configuration includes: the overlapping frequency domain resources are determined according to a configuration indicated in the higher layer signaling and/or the physical layer signaling.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, determining overlapping frequency domain resources according to a configuration includes: the overlapping frequency domain resources are determined from a bitmap in the received signaling, the bitmap comprising sub-carrier level bitmaps.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, avoiding uplink transmission and/or listening to downlink transmission on the determined overlapping frequency domain resources comprises one of:

the overlapped frequency domain resources are punched or rate matching is carried out around the overlapped frequency domain resources, and/or the overlapped frequency domain resources are treated as reserved resources or unavailable resources;

and according to the determined configuration of the overlapped frequency domain resources and/or the frequency domain position of the RB starting subcarrier, shifting the frequency domain position of the RB so that the frequency domain resources of the first system and the second system are not overlapped any more.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the configuration of the frequency domain position of the RB start subcarrier includes at least one of the following information: whether a characteristic of adjusting a frequency domain position of a starting subcarrier is enabled, an offset of the frequency domain position of the starting subcarrier, a moving direction of the starting subcarrier, a range of RBs for adjusting the frequency domain position of the starting subcarrier, a type of the first system and/or the second system, a frequency domain resource position of the first system and/or the second system, a center frequency point or DC (Direct Current) subcarrier position of the first system and/or the second system, and whether all or specific frequency domain resources of the first system and/or the second system include a DC subcarrier.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the range of the adjusted RBs is all uplink and/or downlink RBs in the system bandwidth of the first system, or a specific uplink and/or downlink RB in the system bandwidth determined according to at least one of the following: a predefined criterion, the determined overlapping frequency domain resources, the determined configuration of the frequency domain position of the RB start subcarrier.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, shifting the frequency domain position of the RB according to the determined configuration of the overlapping frequency domain resources and/or the frequency domain position of the RB start subcarrier includes:

determining, according to the determined configuration of the overlapping frequency domain resources and/or the frequency domain position of the RB starting sub-carriers, at least one of: the offset and moving direction of the RB starting subcarrier and the range of the RB for adjusting the frequency domain position of the starting subcarrier; and

and moving the frequency domain position of the starting subcarrier of the RB in the range to the moving direction by the offset, and determining the frequency domain position of the RB in the range after moving according to the position of the starting subcarrier after moving.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the first system is one of an LTE-MTC system and an NR system, and the second system is the other of the LTE-MTC system and the NR system.

According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a transmission method in a wireless communication system in which there is a first system and a second system, the first system and the second system using time-frequency resources that at least partially overlap, the transmission method comprising in the first system: acquiring configuration information, wherein the configuration information comprises: a pattern of particular signals/channels, the pattern comprising at least a portion of overlapping time-frequency resources; the configuration information further includes: information on overlapping time-frequency resources, and/or indication information, wherein the indication information comprises: information that does not monitor the downlink transmission of the specific signal/channel and/or information that does not send the uplink transmission of the specific signal/channel; and performing at least one of: according to the acquired configuration information, not monitoring the downlink transmission of the specific signal/channel; and/or no uplink transmission of the particular signal/channel.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the specific signal/channel is a specific class of signal/channel or a specific subset of a specific class of signal/channel.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the acquiring the configuration information includes:

the configuration information is obtained according to the configuration indicated in the higher layer signaling and/or the physical layer signaling.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the specific signal/channel is a PT-RS.

According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a transmission method in a wireless communication system in which there are a first system and a second system, frequency domain resources used by the first system and the second system at least partially overlap, and there is a periodically transmitted uplink or downlink signal in the second system, the method comprising in the first system: acquiring information on overlapped frequency domain resources and acquiring information on resource positions occupied by the uplink or downlink signals of periodic transmission in the second system, wherein the uplink or downlink signals of periodic transmission at least comprise SIB1 and/or NRS; and avoiding uplink transmission and/or monitoring downlink transmission at a resource location occupied by the uplink or downlink signal in the second system.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, avoiding uplink transmission and/or listening to downlink transmission in a resource location occupied by the uplink or downlink signal in the second system comprises:

puncturing or rate matching around resource locations occupied by said uplink or downlink signals in said second system, and/or

And processing the resource position occupied by the uplink or downlink signal in the second system as a reserved resource or an unavailable resource.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the first system is an NR system, the second system is an LTE-MTC system, and wherein the information on resource locations occupied by the uplink or downlink signals of the periodic transmission in the second system includes at least one of:

LTE cell ID, LTE system frame number, LTE or MTC system bandwidth, transmission time and/or frequency resource location of SIB1, SIB1 hopping sequence, number of downlink narrowbands available for SIB1 and index of each narrowband.

According to an example embodiment of the present disclosure, the first system is an NR system, the second system is an NB-IoT system, and wherein the information on resource locations occupied by the uplink or downlink signals of the periodic transmission in the second system includes at least one of:

LTE cell ID, LTE system frame number, LTE or NB-IoT system bandwidth, frequency domain location of NB-IoT anchor carrier, frequency domain location of NB-IoT non-anchor carrier, whether anchor or non-anchor carrier overlaps with NR, NB-IoT deployment scenario TDD or FDD, transmission time and/or frequency domain resource location of SIB1, whether there is additional SIB1 transmission in NB-IoT system, time and/or frequency domain resource location used by additional SIB1 transmission, NRs transmission location on NB-IoT non-anchor carrier.

According to example embodiments of the present disclosure, the information on NRS transmission location on the NB-IoT non-anchor carrier includes at least one of: a subframe for transmitting NRS in NB-IoT system, paging search space configuration information on NB-IoT non-anchor carrier, paging PDCCH candidate time-frequency resource location information on NB-IoT non-anchor carrier, Type-2 common search space configuration information for Random Access Response (RAR), Type-1A (Type-1A) and Type-2A (Type-2A) PDCCH configuration information, resource location of PDSCH of message 4(Msg4), resource location of PDSCH scheduled in G-RNTI or SC-scrambled DCI, characteristic of whether NB-IoT supports release 16 introduced NRS transmission when there is no NPDCCH transmission on non-anchor carrier, NRS configuration information introduced by the release 16 characteristic.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, acquiring information on overlapping frequency domain resources includes:

information on the overlapping frequency domain resources is obtained according to a configuration indicated in the higher layer signaling and/or the physical layer signaling.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, acquiring information on resource locations occupied by the uplink or downlink signals of the periodic transmission in the second system includes:

and acquiring information about resource positions occupied by the uplink or downlink signals transmitted periodically in the second system according to the configuration indicated in the high-layer signaling and/or the physical layer signaling.

According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a transmission method in a wireless communication system in which a first system and a second system exist, the method comprising in the first system: acquiring the association relation between a first signal/channel in a first system and a second signal/channel in a second system, and determining at least one of the following according to the association relation and a predefined criterion: the first system comprises a resource range of first signal/channel transmission, and the second system comprises a resource range of second signal/channel transmission; transmitting a first signal/channel only within the resource range of said first signal/channel transmission; and listening for the second signal/channel.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the transmission method further includes: deriving, based on the received second signal/channel in the second system, a first signal/channel that is not transmitted on other resources of the total resources of the first system than the range of resources in which the first signal/channel is transmitted, or using the received second signal/channel directly in the first system.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the first and second signals/channels are downlink reference signals, and the direct use of the received second signal/channel in the first system comprises: the received second signal/channel is directly used for downlink channel estimation of the first system.

According to an example embodiment of the present disclosure, the resource range may be a range of RBs or carriers containing REs on which the first signal/channel or the second signal/channel is mapped.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the transmitting comprises transmitting an uplink signal/channel and/or receiving a downlink signal/channel.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the first signal/channel is a downlink reference signal, and the received second signal/channel may be used together with the first signal/channel for downlink channel estimation of the first system.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, listening to the second signal/channel comprises: the second signal/channel is listened to on all resources of the first system or on other resources of the total resources of the first system not belonging to the resource range of the first signal/channel transmission.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the association relationship includes at least one of: the location of the time-frequency resource used for transmission of the first signal/channel, the location of the time-frequency resource used for transmission of the second signal/channel, the mapping relationship of the antenna ports of the first signal/channel and the second signal/channel, the information of the precoder of the first signal/channel and the second signal/channel, and the power offset of the first signal/channel and the second signal/channel.

According to an example embodiment of the present disclosure, the time-frequency resource location may be a location of an RE on which the first signal/channel or the second signal/channel is mapped.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, obtaining the association relationship includes one of:

acquiring the association relation through high-level signaling and/or physical layer signaling;

acquiring the incidence relation according to explicit configuration; or

The association is obtained according to a predefined implicit configuration.

According to a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a radio node in a wireless communication system, comprising: a processor; and a memory storing computer executable instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform the method according to the first to fourth aspects of the invention.

According to a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer readable medium having stored thereon instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the method according to the first to fourth aspects of the present invention.

According to a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a transmission method in a wireless communication system in which there is a first system and a second system, frequency domain resources used by the first system and the second system at least partially overlapping, the transmission method comprising in the first system: determining overlapping frequency domain resources, the determined overlapping frequency domain resources comprising subcarrier level overlap; informing the overlapped frequency domain resources; and performing at least one of: and/or configuring the terminal device to avoid performing uplink transmission and/or monitoring downlink transmission on the determined overlapped frequency domain resources.

using predefined overlapping frequency domain resources;

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, notifying of overlapping frequency domain resources includes: the overlapping frequency domain resources are indicated in the higher layer signaling and/or the physical layer signaling.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, notifying of overlapping frequency domain resources includes: overlapping frequency domain resources are indicated in a bitmap in the signaling, the bitmap comprising sub-carrier level bitmaps.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, avoiding downlink transmission and/or listening to uplink transmission on the determined overlapping frequency domain resources comprises one of:

puncturing the overlapped frequency domain resources or performing rate matching around the overlapped frequency domain resources, and/or configuring the overlapped frequency domain resources as reserved resources or unavailable resources; and

According to an eighth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a transmission method in a wireless communication system in which there is a first system and a second system, the first system and the second system using time-frequency resources that at least partially overlap, the transmission method comprising in the first system: notifying configuration information, the configuration information comprising: a pattern of particular signals/channels, the pattern comprising at least a portion of overlapping time-frequency resources; the configuration information further includes: information on overlapping time-frequency resources, and/or indication information, wherein the indication information comprises: information that does not monitor the downlink transmission of the specific signal/channel and/or information that does not send the uplink transmission of the specific signal/channel; and performing at least one of: not sending downlink transmissions of the particular signal/channel; and/or not listening for uplink transmissions of the particular signal/channel.

According to a ninth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a transmission method in a wireless communication system in which there are a first system and a second system, frequency domain resources used by the first system and the second system at least partially overlap, and there is a periodically transmitted uplink or downlink signal in the second system, the method comprising in the first system: notifying overlapped frequency domain resources and notifying resource positions occupied by the uplink or downlink signals of periodic transmission in the second system, wherein the uplink or downlink signals of periodic transmission at least comprise SIB1 and/or NRS; and avoiding downlink transmission and/or monitoring uplink transmission at resource locations occupied by the uplink or downlink signals in the second system.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, avoiding downlink transmission and/or listening to uplink transmission in a resource location occupied by the uplink or downlink signal in the second system comprises:

And configuring the resource position occupied by the uplink or downlink signal in the second system as a reserved resource or an unavailable resource.

According to example embodiments of the present disclosure, the information on NRS transmission location on the NB-IoT non-anchor carrier includes at least one of: a subframe for transmitting NRS in NB-IoT system, paging search space configuration information on NB-IoT non-anchor carrier, paging PDCCH candidate time-frequency resource location information on NB-IoT non-anchor carrier, Type-2 common search space configuration information for Random Access Response (RAR), Type-1A (Type-1A) and Type-2A (Type-2A) PDCCH configuration information, resource location of PDSCH of message 4(Msg4), resource location of PDSCH scheduled in G-RNTI or SC-RNTI scrambled DCI, characteristic of whether NB-IoT supports release 16 introduced NRS transmission when NPDCCH is not transmitted on non-anchor carrier, NRS configuration information introduced by the release 16 characteristic.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, notifying of overlapping frequency domain resources includes:

the overlapping frequency domain resources are signaled in higher layer signaling and/or physical layer signaling.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, notifying resource locations occupied by the uplink or downlink signals of the periodic transmission in the second system includes:

and informing the resource position occupied by the uplink or downlink signals of the periodic transmission in the second system in a high-layer signaling and/or a physical layer signaling.

According to a tenth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a transmission method in a wireless communication system in which a first system and a second system exist, the method comprising in the first system: informing an association of a first signal/channel in the first system and a second signal/channel in the second system, from which association and a predefined criterion at least one of the following can be determined: the first system comprises a resource range of first signal/channel transmission, and the second system comprises a resource range of second signal/channel transmission; the first signal/channel is transmitted only within the resources of said first signal/channel transmission.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the transmission method further includes: listening for the second signal/channel.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the transmitting comprises receiving an uplink signal/channel and/or transmitting a downlink signal/channel.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, notifying the association includes one of:

notifying the association through higher layer signaling and/or physical layer signaling;

notifying the association according to an explicit configuration; or

The association is notified according to a predefined implicit configuration.

According to an eleventh aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a radio node in a wireless communication system, comprising: a processor; and a memory storing computer executable instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform the method according to the seventh to tenth aspects of the invention.

According to a twelfth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer readable medium having stored thereon instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the method according to the seventh to tenth aspects of the present invention.

Drawings

Fig. 1 schematically illustrates an example wireless communication system to which exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied;

FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a schematic diagram of frequency domain resource overlap of two systems, according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

fig. 3 schematically illustrates a flow chart of a transmission method 300 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 4 schematically shows a schematic diagram of a method of moving overlapping frequency domain resources according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 5 schematically shows a schematic diagram of a method of moving overlapping frequency domain resources according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 6 schematically shows a schematic diagram of a transmission method 600 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 7 schematically shows a schematic diagram of a transmission method 700 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 8 schematically shows a schematic diagram of a transmission method 800 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 9 schematically shows a schematic diagram of a transmission method 900 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 10 schematically illustrates a schematic diagram of a transmission method 1000 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 11 schematically shows an example of a case of reducing transmission CRS;

fig. 12 schematically shows a schematic diagram of a transmission method 1200 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 13 schematically illustrates a schematic diagram of a transmission method 1300 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure; and

fig. 14 schematically shows a block diagram of a radio node 1400 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments of the present disclosure, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary only for the purpose of illustrating the present disclosure and should not be construed as limiting the same.

As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", "the" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. Further, "connected" or "coupled" as used herein may include wirelessly connected or wirelessly coupled. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes all or any element and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

It will be understood by those within the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

As used herein, a "UE" or "terminal" may be either a device including a wireless signal receiver, a device having only a wireless signal receiver without transmit capability, or a device including receive and transmit hardware, having receive and transmit hardware capable of two-way communication over a two-way communication link, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. Such a device may include: a cellular or other communication device having a single line display or a multi-line display or a cellular or other communication device without a multi-line display; PCS (PerSonal CommunicationS Service), which may combine voice, data processing, facsimile and/or data communication capabilities; a PDA (personal digital assistant), which may include a radio frequency receiver, a pager, internet/intranet access, web browser, notepad, calendar, and/or GPS (global positioning SyStem) receiver; a conventional laptop and/or palmtop computer or other device having and/or including a radio frequency receiver. As used herein, a "UE" or "terminal" may be portable, transportable, installed in a vehicle (aeronautical, maritime, and/or land-based), or situated and/or configured to operate locally and/or in a distributed fashion at any other location(s) on earth and/or in space. As used herein, the "UE" and "terminal" may also be a communication terminal, a web-enabled terminal, and a music/video playing terminal, such as a PDA, an MID (Mobile Internet Device) and/or a Mobile phone with music/video playing function, and may also be a smart tv, a set-top box, and the like. In addition, "UE" and "terminal" may be replaced with "user" and "user equipment".

Fig. 1 illustrates an example wireless communication system 100 to which exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied, in which a UE detects indication information. The wireless communication system 100 includes one or more fixed infrastructure elements forming a network distributed over a geographic area. The basic unit may also be referred to as an Access Point (AP), an Access Terminal (AT), a base station BS, a Node-B (Node-B), an evolved NodeB (eNB), a next generation base station (gNB), or other terms used in the art. As shown in fig. 1, one or

more base units

101 and 102 provide services to a number of Mobile Stations (MSs) or UEs or terminal devices or

users

103 and 104 within a service area, e.g., a cell or cell sector. In some systems, one or more BSs may be communicatively coupled to a controller forming an access network, the controller being communicatively coupled to one or more core networks. The disclosed embodiments are not limited to any one particular wireless communication system.

In the time and/or frequency domain, the

base units

101 and 102 transmit Downlink (DL) communication signals 112 and 113 to the

UEs

103 and 104, respectively.

UEs

103 and 104 communicate with one or

more base units

101 and 102 via Uplink (UL) communication signals 111 and 114, respectively. In one embodiment, the mobile communication system 100 is an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)/Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) system including a plurality of base stations including a base station 101 and a base station 102, and a plurality of UEs including a UE 103 and a UE 104. Base station 101 communicates with UE 103 via uplink communication signals 111 and downlink communication signals 112. When the base station has Downlink packets to send to the UEs, each UE obtains a Downlink allocation (resource), such as a set of radio resources in a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) or a narrowband Downlink Shared Channel NPDSCH. When the user equipment needs to send a packet in the uplink to the base station, the UE obtains a grant from the base station, wherein the grant allocates a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) or a narrowband uplink shared Channel NPUSCH containing a set of uplink radio resources. The UE acquires Downlink or uplink scheduling information from a PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) dedicated to itself, or an MPDCCH (MTC Physical Downlink Control Channel), or an EPDCCH (Enhanced Physical Downlink Control Channel) or an NPDCCH (narrow band Physical Downlink Control Channel). The above channels are replaced by PDSCH, PDCCH, PUSCH collectively in the following description herein. Downlink or uplink scheduling information and other control information carried by the Downlink control channel is called Downlink Control Information (DCI). Fig. 1 also shows different physical channels for downlink 112 and uplink 111 examples. The downlink 112 includes a PDCCH or EPDCCH or NPDCCH or MPDCCH 121, a PDSCH or NPDSCH 122, a Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH) 123, a Physical Multicast Channel (PMCH) 124, a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) or narrowband Physical Broadcast Channel NPBCH125, a Physical hybrid automatic Repeat Request Indicator Channel (PHICH) 126, and a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS), or a narrowband Secondary Synchronization Signal NPSS/NSSS 127. The downlink control channel 121 transmits a downlink control signal to the user. The DCI 120 is carried through a downlink control channel 121. The PDSCH 122 transmits data information to the UE. PCFICH 123 transmits information for decoding PDCCH, such as a dynamic indication of the number of symbols used by PDCCH 121. PMCH 124 carries broadcast multicast information. The PBCH or NPBCH125 carries a Master Information Block (MIB) for UE early discovery and cell-wide coverage. The PHICH carries hybrid automatic repeat request HARQ information indicating whether the base station correctly received the above transmission signal. The Uplink 111 includes a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) 131 carrying Uplink Control information UCI 130, a PUSCH 132 carrying Uplink data information, and a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) 133 carrying Random Access information. In the NB-IoT system, NPUCCH is not defined, and the uplink control information 130UCI is transmitted in NPUSCH format 2.

In one embodiment, the wireless communication network 100 uses OFDMA or a multi-carrier architecture, including Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC) on the downlink and next generation single carrier FDMA architecture or multi-carrier OFDMA architecture for UL transmissions. FDMA-based single-carrier architectures include Interleaved Frequency Division Multiple Access (IFDMA), Localized Frequency Division Multiple Access (LFDMA), spread discrete fourier transform orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-spread OFDM) of IFDMA or LFDMA. Also included are various enhanced Non-alternating access NOMA architectures for OFDMA systems, such as PDMA (Pattern division multiple access), SCMA (sparse code multiple access), MUSA (Multi-user shared access), LCRS FDS (Lowdcode division multiple access), NCMA (Non-orthogonal code division multiple access), RSMA (resource division multiple access), IGMA (Interactive-division multiple access), LDS-SVE (Lowdencode division with signed routing information), LSSA (Lowdcode division multiple access) and signed routing share access (RDMA), and multiple access (RDMA) to name, resource division multiple access, and Intra-Request Division Multiple Access (RDMA).

In an OFDM system, a remote unit is served by allocating downlink or uplink radio resources, which typically comprise a set of sub-carriers over one or more OFDM symbols. Exemplary OFDMA protocols include the LTE and IEEE 802.16 standards, which are evolutions of the 3GPP UMTS standard. The architecture may also include the use of transmission techniques such as multi-carrier CDMA (MC-CDMA), multi-carrier direct sequence code Division multiple access (MC-DS-CDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Code Division Multiplexing (OFCDM) for one or two dimensional transmission. Or may be based on simpler time and/or frequency division multiplexing/multiple access techniques, or a combination of these different techniques. In an alternative embodiment, the communication system may use other cellular communication system protocols including, but not limited to, TDMA (Time Division multiple access) or direct sequence CDMA.

The Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) in the following embodiments may also be EPDCCH, MPDCCH, NPDCCH, NR-PDCCH; the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) may be EPDSCH, MPDSCH, NPDSCH, NR-PDSCH; the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) in the following embodiments may be an epsusch, an MPUSCH, an NPUSCH, or an NR-PUSCH. The PDSCH/PUSCH in the following embodiments may be a PDSCH/PUSCH of a unicast service, or may be a PDSCH/PUSCH of a multicast service, for example, a PDSCH carrying a Single Cell multicast Control Channel (SC-MCCH) or a Single Cell multicast traffic Channel (SC-MTCH).

The subframes in the following embodiments may also be, unless otherwise specified, BL/CE subframes, BL/CE downlink subframes, BL/CE valid subframes, BL/CE downlink valid subframes, NB-IoT downlink subframes, NB-IoT valid subframes, NB-IoT downlink valid subframes, slots, NB-IoT slots, NR slots, Transmission Time Interval (TTI).

In the following embodiments, the base station configured, signaling indicated, higher layer configured, preconfigured information may include a set of configuration information; the UE can also comprise a plurality of groups of configuration information, and one group of configuration information is selected from the UE for use according to predefined conditions; the UE also comprises a set of configuration information, wherein the set of configuration information comprises a plurality of subsets, and the UE selects one subset to use according to a predefined condition.

In a wireless communication system to which the embodiments of the present disclosure are applied, there are at least two systems, which will be referred to as a first system and a second system hereinafter, and frequency domain resources used by the first system and the second system at least partially overlap. It is noted that the expressions first system and second system are used herein only to distinguish the two systems, which may be interchanged. For example, the second system may be referred to as a first system, and the first system may be referred to as a second system.

In an exemplary embodiment, the bandwidth of the first system is greater than or equal to the bandwidth of the second system, and the frequency domain resource of the second system is a portion of the bandwidth in the first system, as shown in fig. 2. In another exemplary embodiment, the bandwidth of the second system is greater than or equal to the bandwidth of the first system.

In a specific example, the first system is an NR system and the second system is an LTE system, in particular an LTE-MTC system or an NB-IoT system.

In the current LTE system, the downlink DC subcarrier is left empty, and in the current NR system, no special processing different from that of other downlink subcarriers is performed on the downlink DC subcarrier. Therefore, when the LTE system and the NR system coexist, the LTE system and the NR system cannot completely achieve alignment of Resource Block (RB) grids (grid) due to different processing of the downlink DC subcarrier. As a specific example, if the Narrowband (Narrowband) frequency domain location of the LTE-MTC system includes the physical resource block PRB in the center of LTE, that is, the location including the downlink DC subcarrier, one Narrowband may actually include 73 subcarriers of 6 PRBs, including 12 subcarriers of each PRB and one downlink DC subcarrier. For example, when the bandwidth of the LTE-MTC terminal is the minimum system bandwidth of 1.4MHz, the LTE-MTC narrowband occupies the middle 6 PRBs, specifically, 36 subcarriers on both sides of the downlink DC subcarrier and the downlink DC subcarrier.

In the case where the LTE system and the NR system cannot fully achieve RB grid alignment, a narrowband of LTE-MTC that includes a downlink DC subcarrier will always affect 7 RBs of NR. If the RBs of the LTE-MTC narrowband on both sides of the frequency domain edge, i.e. the highest PRB and the lowest PRB of the LTE-MTC narrowband in the frequency domain, are not aligned with the RB grid of the NR, the 6 PRBs of the LTE-MTC in the frequency domain will completely overlap with the 5 RBs of the NR and partially overlap with the other 2 RBs of the NR. Even if the RBs of the LTE-MTC narrowband on one side of the frequency domain edge can be aligned in the RB grid of the NR, the RBs and NR RBs on the other side of the frequency domain edge may have an offset of 1 subcarrier, and the 1 subcarrier is located in the 7 th RB of the NR, and the two may cause mutual interference. Therefore, according to the coexistence mechanism based on resource reservation in the existing system, if the frequency domain resource of the 7 th RB is reserved in the NR system, the frequency domain resources of the remaining 11 subcarriers in the RB are wasted; otherwise, if the frequency domain resource of the 7 th RB is not reserved in the NR system, the performance of both the NR and LTE-MTC systems will be damaged by the partial overlap of RBs.

A more general example of this is that in two co-existing communication systems, the frequency domain resources used by the first and second systems overlap at the subcarrier level, and additional collision avoidance measures are required to avoid collision of transmissions of the first and second systems on the overlapping frequency domain resources. It should be additionally noted that the overlap at the subcarrier level may exist independently, for example, the above scenario in which the LTE-MTC narrowband is deployed within the NR bandwidth may be considered as the frequency domain resource overlap of 73 subcarriers; the subcarrier-level overlap may also occur with RB-level overlap or other time/frequency domain resource overlap, e.g., the above scenario where LTE-MTC narrowband is deployed within the NR bandwidth may be considered to be a frequency domain resource overlap of 6 RBs plus 1 subcarrier.

Fig. 3 schematically shows a schematic diagram of a transmission method 300 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The transmission method 300 may be performed at a terminal device within one of a first system and a second system where frequency domain resources at least partially overlap. As shown in fig. 3, the transmission method according to the embodiment of the present disclosure includes a step S310 of acquiring information on overlapping frequency domain resources; step S320, determining overlapped frequency domain resources, where the determined overlapped frequency domain resources include overlaps at subcarrier level; and step S330, avoiding performing uplink transmission and/or monitoring downlink transmission on the determined overlapped frequency domain resources.

In an exemplary embodiment, the frequency domain resources used by the first system and the second system have overlap at a subcarrier level, and collision of transmissions of the first system and the second system is avoided by determining the overlapping frequency domain resources and by informing the overlapping frequency domain resources in the first system and/or the second system, causing a base station and/or a terminal in the first system and/or the second system to puncture or rate-match the overlapping frequency domain resources around the overlapping frequency domain resources, and/or by processing the overlapping frequency domain resources as reserved (reserved) resources or unavailable (invalid) resources.

In an exemplary embodiment, the step S320, determining the overlapped frequency domain resources may include one of the following or any combination thereof:

using predefined overlapping frequency domain resources;

In one exemplary embodiment, determining the overlapping frequency domain resources according to the first predetermined condition comprises: according to the received indication information, determining: whether the first system and/or the second system is a predetermined communication system and/or whether time domain and/or frequency domain resources used by the first system and/or the second system meet a second predetermined condition; and if so, determining predefined frequency domain resources corresponding to the particular communication system and/or the second predetermined condition as overlapping frequency domain resources. For example, the first predetermined condition is whether there is coexistence with any other communication system or with a specific communication system, and for a scenario in which the coexistence exists, a predefined frequency domain resource is taken as the determined overlapping frequency domain resource.

In an exemplary embodiment, the location of the overlapping frequency domain resources is a relative location in the first system and/or the second system, e.g. the highest and/or lowest number of subcarriers in the second system; or an absolute position indicated by an RB index and/or a subcarrier index.

In an exemplary embodiment, puncturing or rate matching around the overlapping frequency domain resources is determined according to a predefined criterion, e.g., always puncturing or rate matching around the overlapping frequency domain resources, or puncturing or rate matching around the overlapping frequency domain resources when a certain condition is met, or otherwise rate matching around the overlapping frequency domain resources. Wherein the specific condition may be based on a number of repetitions, in a specific example the specific condition is that the number of repetitions is greater than 1.

In a specific example, the first system is an NR system, the second system is an LTE-MTC system, frequency domain resources of the NR system and frequency domain resources of the LTE-MTC system are partially overlapped, and the base station indicates a position of the overlapped frequency domain resources in the NR system, and the terminal obtains corresponding information indicated by the base station, so that the base station and/or the terminal in the NR system performs puncturing on the overlapped frequency domain resources or performs rate matching around the overlapped frequency domain resources. In another specific example, the base station indicates the position of the overlapped frequency domain resources in the LTE-MTC system, and the terminal obtains corresponding information indicated by the base station, so that the base station and/or the terminal in the LTE-MTC system performs puncturing on the overlapped frequency domain resources or performs rate matching around the overlapped frequency domain resources, and/or processes the overlapped frequency domain resources as reserved resources or unavailable resources.

In an exemplary embodiment, the overlapped frequency domain resources are determined according to whether a predetermined condition is met, specifically, the predetermined condition is: in the two coexisting systems, the first system is an NR system and/or the second system is an LTE-MTC system, and/or the frequency domain resource used by the second system comprises an LTE downlink DC subcarrier; the overlapping frequency domain resources are predefined, in particular, the N subcarriers of the highest position and/or the lowest position in the frequency domain resources of the second system.

In another exemplary embodiment, determining overlapping frequency domain resources according to the configuration includes: the UE acquires the configuration indicated by the base station through high-level signaling and/or through physical layer signaling (such as downlink control signaling DCI, uplink control signaling UCI and signals/channels carrying HARQ-ACK feedback); and determining overlapping frequency domain resources according to the configuration.

In another exemplary embodiment, determining overlapping frequency domain resources according to the configuration includes: the overlapping frequency domain resources are determined according to a configuration indicated in the higher layer signaling and/or the physical layer signaling.

In an exemplary embodiment, the configuration is indicated in higher layer signaling, and the physical layer signaling carries an indication of whether to activate the configuration on a resource location associated with the physical layer signaling. The associated resource locations may be all associated resource locations, or a particular subset of associated resource locations, or a particular resource location indicated in DCI. In a specific example, the physical layer signaling is DCI for scheduling uplink/downlink transmission in the first system, and the resource location associated with the DCI is a resource location for the uplink/downlink transmission. When there is a transmission in a second system on at least a portion of the resource locations associated with the DCI, the DCI indicates to activate the configuration on all or the portion of the resource locations associated with the DCI; otherwise, when there is no transmission in the second system on any resource in the resource positions associated with the DCI, the DCI indicates not to activate the configuration on all resource positions associated with the DCI. In another specific example, the physical layer signaling is DCI for scheduling uplink/downlink transmission in the first system, and the DCI associated resource locations are a specific subset of resource locations indicated in the DCI at relative positions used for the uplink/downlink transmission. In another specific example, the physical layer signaling is DCI for scheduling uplink/downlink transmission in the first system, and the DCI-associated resource location is a specific resource location explicitly indicated in the DCI.

The above method has the advantages that the transmission in the second system may not occur on all time domain resources, when the second system does not perform transmission on specific time domain resources, the collision between the first system and the second system does not actually occur, and the overlapping frequency domain resources do not actually need to be processed in the first system. Considering whether there is transmission in the second system that may be dynamically scheduled by the base station, dynamically indicating whether to enable the semi-static configuration indicated in the higher layer signaling in the physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI) may better meet the actual requirement for coexistence of the two types of systems.

In one exemplary embodiment, determining overlapping frequency domain resources according to the configuration includes: the overlapping frequency domain resources are determined from a bitmap in the received signaling, the bitmap comprising sub-carrier level bitmaps.

In an exemplary embodiment, the base station indicates a bit map having a length of the number of subcarriers in one RB, each bit corresponds to one subcarrier in one RB, and the corresponding subcarrier is overlapped with other coexisting communication systems when a certain specific bit is indicated as "0", otherwise the corresponding subcarrier is not overlapped with other coexisting communication systems when a certain specific bit is indicated as "1". The frequency domain position of an RB corresponding to the bitmap is predefined, e.g., derived by a predefined method based on the frequency domain position of the second system; or the bitmap is for each RB of the frequency domain resources of the second system; or the frequency domain location of an RB corresponding to the bitmap is configured by the base station.

Further, the indication method can be used in combination with a resource reservation mechanism in existing mechanisms. For example, by indicating overlapping frequency domain resources as reserved resources or unavailable resources, and/or may puncture or rate match around overlapping frequency domain resources, to avoid collisions of transmissions of the first and second systems at the overlapping frequency domain resources. In the existing mechanism, when NR and LTE coexist, NR indicates a block of reserved resources by a base station indicating a triple (triplet) bitmap { bitmap-1, bitmap-2, bitmap-3 }, where bitmap-1 is resource reservation at RB level, bitmap-2 is resource reservation at symbol level, and bitmap-3 is resource reservation at subframe level. As a method used in combination, by indicating a quadruple bitmap { bitmap-1, bitmap-2, bitmap-3, bitmap-4 } by the base station in the first system and/or the second system, where the bitmap-1 to bitmap-3 are the same as in the existing mechanism, and the bitmap-4 is a bitmap with a length of the number of subcarriers in one RB as resource reservation indication information of subcarrier level for indicating the reservation of each subcarrier in a certain RB. As a specific example, when a certain block of physical time-frequency resources (e.g., physical resources corresponding to one specific subcarrier in one specific RB and one OFDM symbol in one specific subframe in the frequency domain) is marked in the quadruple bitmap as resource reservation, the physical time-frequency resources are considered as reserved.

In another exemplary embodiment, the base station indicates the location of the actual overlapping frequency domain resources in a predefined number of possible overlapping locations by signaling, e.g. 1 bit in higher layer signaling in two possible overlapping locations. In a specific example, the two possible overlapping positions are N subcarriers at the lowest frequency domain of the second system and N subcarriers at the highest frequency domain of the second system, respectively, N is a positive integer not greater than M, and M is 12 (corresponding to 12 subcarriers in one RB) or 72 or 73 (corresponding to 72 or 73 subcarriers in the overlapping LTE-MTC narrowband).

In a specific example, the first system is an NR system, the second system is an LTE-MTC system, and the base station indicates the position of the overlapped frequency-domain resource in the NR system, and the terminal obtains corresponding information indicated by the base station, so that the base station and/or the terminal in the NR system performs puncturing on the overlapped frequency-domain resource or performs rate matching around the overlapped frequency-domain resource, thereby avoiding collision between transmissions of the NR system and the LTE-MTC system. Wherein, the base station and/or the terminal in the NR system determines the frequency domain resource overlapping with the LTE-MTC system according to the indicated position of the overlapping frequency domain resource, for example:

in the NR system, a base station indicates overlapped frequency domain resources as reserved resources by indicating a quadruple bitmap { bitmap-1, bitmap-2, bitmap-3 and bitmap-4 }; or

The base station indicates the frequency domain position of the LTE-MTC system in the NR system, and the base station and/or the terminal determines the relative position of the overlapped frequency domain resources in the LTE-MTC system according to a predefined criterion and/or the indication information of the base station so as to deduce the relative position or the absolute position of the overlapped frequency domain resources in the NR system; or

It is determined according to a predefined criterion that, when NR coexists with LTE-MTC, the adjacent N subcarriers above the highest frequency domain RB or the adjacent N subcarriers below the lowest RB in the NR system, indicated by the base station as resource reservation, are frequency domain resources that overlap with LTE-MTC.

When the repetition number is equal to 1, the transmission in the NR system carries out rate matching around the overlapped frequency domain resources or the reserved resources, and when the repetition number is greater than 1, the overlapped frequency domain resources or the reserved resources are punched.

In another specific example, the first system is an NR system, the second system is an LTE-MTC system, and the base station and/or the terminal in the LTE-MTC system avoids collision of transmissions of the NR system and the LTE-MTC system by indicating a location of the overlapping frequency domain resource in the LTE-MTC system, and puncturing or rate matching the overlapping frequency domain resource by the base station and/or the terminal in the LTE-MTC system. Wherein, the base station and/or the terminal in the LTE-MTC system determines the frequency domain resources overlapping with the NR system according to the indicated position of the overlapping frequency domain resources, for example, determines the relative position of the overlapping frequency domain resources in the LTE-MTC system according to a predefined criterion and/or the indication information of the base station, for example, the N subcarriers with the highest frequency domain or the N subcarriers with the lowest frequency domain. When the repetition times are equal to 1, the transmission in the LTE-MTC system carries out rate matching around the overlapped frequency domain resources or the reserved resources, and when the repetition times are greater than 1, the overlapped frequency domain resources or the reserved resources are punched.

Fig. 3 further shows that the transmission method according to the embodiment of the present disclosure further includes step S340 of obtaining a configuration of the frequency domain position of the RB starting subcarrier, and step S350 of shifting the frequency domain position of the RB according to the determined overlapping frequency domain resource and/or the configuration of the frequency domain position of the RB starting subcarrier, so that the frequency domain resources of the first system and the second system are no longer overlapping.

In an exemplary embodiment, the frequency domain resources of the first system and the second system have overlapping at a subcarrier level, and the base station and/or the terminal in the first system and/or the second system are enabled to move the frequency domain position of the RB by the configuration of the frequency domain position of the RB starting subcarrier by the base station in the first system and/or the second system, so that the transmission of the first system and the second system is prevented from colliding.

Wherein the configuration to determine the frequency domain location of the RB start subcarrier comprises determining at least one of: whether the characteristic of adjusting the location of the starting subcarrier is enabled, the offset of the frequency domain location of the starting subcarrier (referred to as the starting subcarrier offset for short), the moving direction of the starting subcarrier, the range of the RB for adjusting the frequency domain location of the starting subcarrier, the type of the first system and/or the second system, the frequency domain resource location of the first system and/or the second system, the center frequency point or the DC subcarrier location of the first system and/or the second system, and whether all or a specific frequency domain resource of the first system and/or the second system includes the DC subcarrier. For example, the base station configures the characteristic of enabling the adjustment of the starting subcarrier position, and configures the starting subcarrier offset to be N subcarriers, and the base station and/or the terminal moves the starting subcarrier position of the RB by N subcarriers to a specific direction; or, the base station configures the type of the first system and/or the second system and configures the DC subcarrier position of the first system and/or the second system, and the base station and/or the terminal determines that the starting subcarrier offset is N subcarriers when the frequency domain resource of the second system includes the DC subcarrier according to a predefined criterion and moves the starting subcarrier position of the RB by N subcarriers to a specific moving direction. As a specific example, when the starting subcarrier offset is 0, the frequency domain position of the starting subcarrier is not actually moved. In an exemplary embodiment, the offset may take a positive or negative value and, in combination with the predefined/configured direction of movement, determine the actual direction of movement. For example, if the offset is N subcarriers positive and the moving direction is up, then the actual move is to move the starting subcarrier position of the RB up by N subcarriers; and the offset is negative N subcarriers and the moving direction is up, the actual movement is to move the starting subcarrier position of the RB down N subcarriers.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the adjusted RBs are all uplink and/or downlink RBs in the system bandwidth of the first system and/or the second system, or specific uplink and/or downlink RBs in the system bandwidth determined according to at least one of the following: a predefined criterion, the determined overlapping frequency domain resources, the determined configuration of the frequency domain position of the RB start subcarrier.

In an exemplary embodiment, in step S340, according to the determined overlapping frequency domain resources and/or the configuration of the frequency domain position of the RB starting subcarrier, the moving the frequency domain position of the RB specifically includes:

determining at least one of the following according to the configuration of the frequency domain position of the RB starting subcarrier: the method comprises the steps of adjusting the frequency domain position of a starting subcarrier of an RB according to the frequency domain position of the starting subcarrier of the RB, moving the frequency domain position of the starting subcarrier of the RB in the range to the moving direction by the offset, and determining the frequency domain position of the RB in the range after moving according to the position of the starting subcarrier after moving.

In an exemplary embodiment, the offset may take a positive or negative value, and in combination with the determined direction of movement, the actual direction of movement may be determined.

In an exemplary embodiment, the moving the frequency domain positions of the RBs by the base station and/or the terminal in the first system and/or the second system may include moving the frequency domain positions of the starting subcarriers of all RBs in the system bandwidth of the system to which the base station and/or the terminal corresponds by a corresponding offset amount to a specific moving direction; it may also include determining a frequency domain resource to which an offset and/or a moving direction of the starting subcarrier is applied according to a predefined criterion and/or configuration information on a frequency domain position of an RB starting subcarrier, and moving the offset and/or the moving direction of the starting subcarrier position of all RBs in the frequency domain resource to which the offset of the starting subcarrier is applied to the moving direction by the offset. The RB may be an RB in an uplink frequency band or an RB carrying uplink transmission, and/or may be an RB in a downlink frequency band or an RB carrying downlink transmission. For example, according to a predefined criterion and the frequency domain resource position of the second system in the configuration information of the frequency domain position of the RB starting subcarrier, the base station and/or the UE uses all RBs in the first system above the frequency domain resource position of the second system (i.e., all RBs in the first system whose frequency domain position is higher than the frequency domain position of the second system) and/or all RBs in the first system below the frequency domain resource position of the second system (i.e., all RBs in the first system whose frequency domain position is lower than the frequency domain position of the second system) as frequency domain resources to which the starting subcarrier offset is applied, where the RBs are RBs in a downlink frequency band or RBs carrying downlink transmission, and/or the RBs are RBs in an uplink frequency band or RBs carrying uplink transmission.

Wherein the base station may provide one or more sets of configuration information, e.g., the base station provides one set of configuration information for all RBs within the system bandwidth, or the base station provides multiple sets of configuration information and each set of configuration information is for one set of RBs.

In a specific example, the first system is an NR system, the second system is an LTE-MTC system, and the base station and the terminal in the NR system are enabled to move the frequency domain position of the RB by configuring the frequency domain position of the RB start subcarrier in the NR system, so as to avoid the transmission of the NR system and the LTE-MTC system from colliding.

In one exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the first system is an NR system and the second system is an LTE-MTC system. In the NR system, the configuration information of the base station on the frequency domain position of the RB start subcarrier includes:

enabling a characteristic of adjusting a starting subcarrier position;

frequency domain resource locations of the first system and the second system; wherein the frequency domain resource location of the second system is from the start position of the subcarrier #0 in the frequency domain RB # M +1 of the first system (i.e., the boundaries of the RB and NRRB of the second system that are lowest in frequency domain are aligned) to

Up to the start position of subcarrier #1 in frequency domain RB # M +7 in the first system (i.e., subcarrier #0 including RB # M +7 but not subcarrier # 1);

the type of the second system is an LTE-MTC system;

the DC subcarrier position of the second system is within the range of the configured frequency domain resources of the second system (i.e., from subcarrier #0 of RB # M +1 to subcarrier #0 of RB # M +7 of the first system), or the DC subcarrier is included in the configured frequency domain resources of the second system.

The base station and the terminal of the NR system determine the offset, the moving direction of the starting subcarrier and the frequency domain resource applying the movement of the starting subcarrier according to the content of the configuration information of the frequency domain position of the RB starting subcarrier and a predefined criterion as follows: all frequency domain resources in the NR system bandwidth not lower than RB # M +7 are shifted up by 1 subcarrier.

The base station and the terminal of the NR system move the starting subcarrier position of the above-described RB up by 1 subcarrier.

In this exemplary embodiment, before moving, the NR resources overlapping with the frequency domain resources of LTE-MTC include 1 subcarrier (subcarrier #0) of RB # M +1 and RB # M +1 to RB # M +6, and thus the frequency domain resources of RB # M +1 to RB # M +6 should be configured to be reserved, but RB # M +7 wastes 11 subcarriers of the non-overlapping portion if configured to be reserved, otherwise, collision of NR and LTE-MTC system would occur on the overlapping 1 subcarrier if not configured to be reserved. After moving, the sub-carrier of RB # M +7 is not overlapped with the frequency domain resource of LTE-MTC any more, and RB # M +7 does not need to be configured as reservation and can be normally used for NR transmission.

In another exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the first system is an NR system and the second system is an LTE-MTC system. In the NR system, the configuration information of the base station on the frequency domain position of the RB start subcarrier includes:

enabling a characteristic of adjusting a frequency domain position of a starting subcarrier;

frequency domain resource location of the first system and the second system: wherein, the frequency domain resource location of the second system is from the starting location of the subcarrier # N1+1 in the frequency domain RB # M1 in the first system (i.e. including the subcarrier # N1+1 but not including the subcarrier # N1) to the starting location of the subcarrier # N2 in the frequency domain RB # M2 in the first system (i.e. including the subcarrier # N2-1 but not including the subcarrier # N2):

the offset of the initial subcarrier is N; wherein N is a positive integer no greater than M, or N is any positive integer. For example, when N is not greater than M and M is 12, the range of the offset amount of the starting subcarrier does not exceed one RB; when N is any positive integer, the offset of the starting subcarrier may range over several subcarriers of more than one RB; where N may be one numerical value or a set of (more than one) numerical values, for example, in the present exemplary embodiment, N ═ { N1 ', N2' }, and N1 ═ 11-N1, N2 ═ N2.

The base station and the terminal of the NR system determine the offset amount of the starting subcarrier and the corresponding moving direction as N1 'subcarriers moved down and/or N2' subcarriers moved up by the contents of the configuration information of the frequency domain position of the RB starting subcarrier. In one specific example, if it is desired to limit the range of RB movement to no more than 1 RB, the offset and corresponding direction of movement of the starting subcarrier is to move mod (N1 '+ 1, 12) subcarriers downward and/or mod (N2', 12) subcarriers upward.

And the base station and the terminal of the NR system determine that the frequency domain resource applying the N1 'sub-carrier moving downwards is the whole frequency domain resource of which the frequency domain position is not higher than RB # M1 in the NR system bandwidth and/or the frequency domain resource applying the N2' sub-carrier moving upwards is the whole frequency domain resource of which the frequency domain position is not lower than RB # M2 in the NR system bandwidth according to a predefined criterion and the content of configuration information of the frequency domain position of the RB starting sub-carrier.

The base station and the terminal of the NR system move the frequency domain position of the starting subcarrier of the above-described RB by an offset in the moving direction.

In this exemplary embodiment, before moving, the NR resources overlapping the LTE-MTC frequency domain resources from subcarrier # N1+1 of RB # M1 to subcarrier # N2-1 of RB # M2, that is, the NR resources overlapping the LTE-MTC frequency domain resources include partial subcarriers of RB # M1 and partial subcarriers of RB # M2, and RB # M1+1 to RB # M2-1, so the frequency domain resources of RB # M1+1 to RB # M2-1 should be configured to be reserved, but if RB # M1 and RB # M2 are configured to be reserved, non-overlapping subcarriers are wasted, otherwise, collision of NR and LTE-MTC systems would occur in the overlapping portion. After moving, the subcarriers of RB # M1 and RB # M2 no longer overlap with the frequency domain resources of LTE-MTC, and RB # M1 and RB # M2 need not be configured as a reservation and can be normally used for transmission of NR.

Fig. 6 schematically shows a schematic diagram of a transmission method 600 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The transmission method 600 may be performed at a base station within one of a first system and a second system where frequency domain resources at least partially overlap. As shown in fig. 6, the transmission method according to the embodiment of the present disclosure includes step S610 of determining overlapping frequency domain resources, the determined overlapping frequency domain resources including overlap at a subcarrier level; step S620, notifying the overlapped frequency domain resources; and step S630, avoiding performing downlink transmission and/or monitoring uplink transmission on the determined overlapped frequency domain resources, and/or configuring the terminal device to avoid performing uplink transmission and/or monitoring downlink transmission on the determined overlapped frequency domain resources.

Other exemplary embodiments described above in connection with fig. 3 are also applicable to the method 600 shown in fig. 6.

In an exemplary embodiment, determining the overlapping frequency domain resources comprises one or any combination of the following:

using predefined overlapping frequency domain resources;

In one exemplary embodiment, determining the overlapping frequency domain resources according to the first predetermined condition comprises:

In one exemplary embodiment, the predetermined communication system may be an LTE-MTC system.

In one exemplary embodiment, informing of overlapping frequency domain resources comprises: the overlapping frequency domain resources are indicated in the higher layer signaling and/or the physical layer signaling.

In one exemplary embodiment, informing of overlapping frequency domain resources comprises: overlapping frequency domain resources are indicated in a bitmap in the signaling, the bitmap comprising sub-carrier level bitmaps.

In an exemplary embodiment, avoiding downlink transmissions and/or listening for uplink transmissions on the determined overlapping frequency domain resources further comprises one of:

In one exemplary embodiment, the configuration of the frequency domain position of the RB start subcarrier includes at least one of the following information: whether a characteristic of adjusting a frequency domain position of a starting subcarrier is enabled, an offset of the frequency domain position of the starting subcarrier, a moving direction of the starting subcarrier, a range of RBs for adjusting the frequency domain position of the starting subcarrier, a type of the first system and/or the second system, a frequency domain resource position of the first system and/or the second system, a center frequency point or DC (Direct Current) subcarrier position of the first system and/or the second system, and whether all or specific frequency domain resources of the first system and/or the second system include a DC subcarrier.

In an exemplary embodiment, the range of RBs to be adjusted is all uplink and/or downlink RBs in the system bandwidth of the first system, or a specific uplink and/or downlink RB in the system bandwidth determined according to at least one of the following: a predefined criterion, the determined overlapping frequency domain resources, the determined configuration of the frequency domain position of the RB start subcarrier.

In one exemplary embodiment, shifting the frequency domain position of the RB according to the determined configuration of the overlapping frequency domain resources and/or the frequency domain position of the RB start subcarrier includes:

In one exemplary embodiment, the first system is one of an LTE-MTC system and an NR system, and the second system is the other of the LTE-MTC system and the NR system.

Fig. 7 schematically shows a schematic diagram of a transmission method 700 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The transmission method 700 may be performed at a terminal device within one of a first system and a second system where frequency domain resources at least partially overlap. As shown in fig. 7, the transmission method according to the embodiment of the present disclosure includes step S710 of acquiring configuration information, where the configuration information includes: a pattern of particular signals/channels, the pattern comprising at least a portion of overlapping time-frequency resources, the configuration information further comprising one or both of: information on overlapping time-frequency resources, and/or indication information, wherein the indication information comprises: information not to monitor the downlink transmission of the specific signal/channel; and/or not sending information of uplink transmission of the specific signal/channel; and a step S720 of performing at least one of: according to the acquired configuration information, not monitoring the downlink transmission of the specific signal/channel; and/or no uplink transmission of the particular signal/channel.

In an exemplary embodiment, the particular signal/channel is a particular class of signal/channel or a particular subset of a particular class of signal/channel. In one exemplary embodiment, the particular subset may be the particular class of signals/channels at a particular frequency domain location (or within a particular frequency domain range).

In an exemplary embodiment, in step S720, according to the obtained configuration information, not listening to the downlink transmission of the specific signal/channel and/or not sending the uplink transmission of the specific signal/channel, and may further include: the downlink transmissions of the particular signal/channel at a particular resource location are not monitored or transmitted and/or a particular subset of the particular signal/channel is not monitored or transmitted.

Fig. 8 schematically shows a schematic diagram of a transmission method 800 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The transmission method 800 may be performed at a base station within one of a first system and a second system where frequency domain resources at least partially overlap. As shown in fig. 8, the transmission method according to the embodiment of the present disclosure includes step S810 of notifying configuration information, where the configuration information includes: a pattern of specific signals/channels, the pattern comprising at least a part of overlapping time-frequency resources, the configuration information further comprising information on the overlapping time-frequency resources, and/or indication information, wherein the indication information comprises: information that does not monitor the downlink transmission of the specific signal/channel and/or information that does not send the uplink transmission of the specific signal/channel; and step S820, not listening to the uplink transmission of the specific signal/channel and/or not sending the downlink transmission of the specific signal/channel.

In an exemplary embodiment, step S820, not listening to the uplink transmission of a specific signal/channel and/or not sending the downlink transmission of the specific signal/channel, may further include: the uplink transmission of the particular signal/channel at the particular resource location is not monitored or transmitted and/or a particular subset of the particular signal/channel is not monitored or transmitted.

In an exemplary embodiment, the configuration of the specific signal/channel by the base station may employ existing mechanisms; the configuration may also be performed using newly introduced mechanisms dedicated to avoiding and co-existing other communication systems, including using newly introduced configuration mechanisms different from existing mechanisms, and using existing mechanisms but employing newly introduced parameters and/or values of parameters.

According to the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, since the terminal is configured not to transmit/monitor the specific signal/channel, the base station may also not transmit the specific signal/channel, so that actual transmission does not occur on the time-frequency resource location corresponding to the specific signal/channel. Therefore, the first system/the second system can indirectly realize the effect of resource reservation at the subcarrier level through multiplexing the existing mechanism to a certain extent, thereby avoiding possible conflicts among coexisting communication systems.

In a specific example, the first system is an NR system, the second system is an LTE-MTC system, in the NR system, a time-frequency resource of a Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PT-RS) configured by a base station includes subcarriers overlapping with the LTE-MTC, and the terminal is configured not to monitor the PT-RS and/or not to send the PT-RS, and the base station also does not send or monitor the PT-RS, so as to avoid collision of transmissions of the first system and the second system.

Wherein the configuration of the time-frequency resources of the PT-RS comprises at least one of the following:

assigning a reasonable value for the PT-RS frequency domain position related parameters in the existing mechanism, so that at least one frequency domain position of the PT-RS is on a subcarrier overlapped with the LTE-MTC;

configuring a newly introduced value for at least one relevant parameter of a PT-RS frequency domain position in the existing mechanism, so that at least one frequency domain position of the PT-RS is on a subcarrier overlapped with the LTE-MTC;

using at least one newly introduced parameter for the configuration of the PT-RS frequency domain position in the existing mechanism, including adding an additional parameter or replacing the parameter in the existing mechanism with the newly introduced parameter, so that the at least one frequency domain position of the PT-RS is on the subcarrier overlapped with the LTE-MTC;

using a newly introduced PT-RS configuration mechanism, for example, a base station directly indicates at least one frequency domain position of a PT-RS, and the at least one frequency domain position of the PT-RS is on a subcarrier overlapping with LTE-MTC;

parameter L of PT-RS time domain density in the existing mechanism_PT-RSThe value of (1, 2, 4 in the existing mechanism) is configured to be 1, i.e. PT-RS is sent on every symbol;

wherein, for the configuration terminal, no monitoring is performed on PT-RSs and/or no sending is performed on PT-RSs, and the PT-RSs are a subset of all configured PT-RSs, for example, are PT-RSs on a specific RB; or, the PT-RS includes all configured PT-RSs.

Wherein, for the configuration terminal not monitoring the PT-RS and/or not sending the PT-RS, it may further include:

and indicating the terminal not to send and/or monitor the DM-RS on the subcarrier corresponding to the PT-RS. The indication may be derived indirectly according to a predefined criterion, for example, the base station configures the terminal not to monitor and/or send the PT-RS, and the terminal also does not monitor and/or send the DMRS on the sub-carriers corresponding to the PT-RS.

For this example, a typical scenario is that in the LTE-MTC system, there are 73 subcarriers in the narrow band including the downlink DC subcarrier. The frequency domain location of the narrowband may be (a) the boundaries of the lowest frequency domain RB of the narrowband and the NR RB are aligned, the highest frequency domain RB and NR RB have an overlap of one subcarrier, which is the highest subcarrier in LTE-MTC RB (subcarrier #11) and the lowest subcarrier in NR RB (subcarrier # 0); or, (b) the boundaries of the RBs with the highest frequency domain of the narrowband are aligned, and the RBs with the lowest frequency domain overlap with the NR RBs by one subcarrier, which is the lowest subcarrier in the LTE-MTC RB (subcarrier #0) and the highest subcarrier in the NR RB (subcarrier # 11). The following description will be given taking the scene in (a) as an example, and the mechanism used in the scene in (b) can be similarly inferred by a method similar to that in the following description.

In one exemplary embodiment, the resource occupied by the LTE-MTC system is the sub-carrier #0 in RB # N +1 to RB # N +6 and RB # N +7 in the NR system. The time-frequency resources of the PT-RS of the PDSCH and/or the PUSCH configured by the base station comprise a sub-carrier #0 of RB # N +7, and the terminal is configured not to monitor the PT-RS on the RB # N +7 and/or not to send the PT-RS on the RB # N +7, and the base station does not send the PT-RS on the RB # N + 7. This mechanism indirectly achieves that in the NR system the transmissions on subcarrier #0 in both the base station and terminal RB # N +7 are rate matched around subcarrier #0 and no transmission of the NR system is performed on subcarrier # 0.

The time-frequency resource of the PT-RS of the PDSCH and/or PUSCH configured by the base station includes a subcarrier #0 of RB # N +7, and specifically includes:

at least one frequency domain position of the PT-RS is on subcarrier #0 of RB # N +7 by configuring at least one of: for PT-RS frequency-domain position-related parameters in existing schemes, e.g. n_RNTISpecifying a reasonable numerical value; for at least one relevant parameter of PT-RS frequency domain position in existing mechanisms, e.g.

Configuring a newly introduced value; using at least one newly introduced parameter for configuration of PT-RS frequency domain positions in existing mechanisms, e.g. n_RNTIReplacing with another newly introduced RNTI value; the base station additionally directly indicates one frequency domain position of the PT-RS, which is subcarrier #0 of RB # N + 7.

The base station instructs the terminal not to monitor the PT-RS at the specific position and not to send the PT-RS at the specific position, and also instructs the terminal not to send the DM-RS and/or not to monitor the DM-RS at the specific position. Specifically, the specific location is a subcarrier used by the PT-RS in RB # N +7, or subcarrier #0 of RB # N + 7.

In this exemplary embodiment, since the terminal does not transmit or monitor the PT-RS on the subcarrier #0 of RB # N +7, nor does the base station need to transmit or monitor the PT-RS on the subcarrier #0 of RB # N +7, there is no transmission of the NR system on the subcarrier #0 of RB # N +7 at least in the transmission symbols/slots of the PDSCH and/or PUSCH. Therefore, the practical effect of this mechanism is that resource reservation at the subcarrier level is achieved, so that collision caused by simultaneous transmission of the NR system and the LTE-MTC system on the subcarrier #0 is avoided, and the remaining 11 subcarriers on the RB # N +7 can be used for NR transmission in a frequency division multiplexing manner, thereby improving resource utilization efficiency.

Fig. 9 schematically shows a schematic diagram of a transmission method 900 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The transmission method 900 may be performed at a terminal device within one of a first system and a second system where frequency domain resources at least partially overlap. As shown in fig. 9, the transmission method according to the embodiment of the present disclosure includes step S910, acquiring information about overlapped frequency domain resources, and acquiring information about resource locations occupied by the uplink or downlink signals of periodic transmission in the second system, where the uplink or downlink signals of periodic transmission at least include SIB1 and/or NRS; and step S920, avoiding performing uplink transmission and/or monitoring downlink transmission at a resource location occupied by the uplink or downlink signal in the second system.

In one exemplary embodiment, obtaining information about overlapping frequency domain resources comprises:

obtaining information about overlapping frequency domain resources, and/or according to a configuration indicated in higher layer signaling and/or physical layer signaling

Acquiring information on resource locations occupied by the uplink or downlink signals transmitted periodically in the second system includes:

In an exemplary embodiment, avoiding uplink transmission and/or listening to downlink transmission in a resource location occupied by the uplink or downlink signal in the second system comprises:

puncturing resource positions occupied by the uplink or downlink signals in the second system or performing rate matching around the resource positions occupied by the uplink or downlink signals in the second system, and/or processing the resource positions occupied by the uplink or downlink signals in the second system as reserved resources or unavailable resources.

In one exemplary embodiment, the first system is an NR system, the second system is an LTE-MTC system, and wherein the information on resource locations occupied by the uplink or downlink signals of the periodic transmission in the second system comprises at least one of:

In one exemplary embodiment, the first system is an NR system, the second system is an NB-IoT system, and wherein the information about resource locations occupied by the uplink or downlink signals of the periodic transmission in the second system comprises at least one of:

In one exemplary embodiment, the information about NRS transmission locations on NB-IoT non-anchor carriers includes at least one of: a subframe for transmitting NRS in NB-IoT system, paging search space configuration information on NB-IoT non-anchor carrier, paging PDCCH candidate time-frequency resource location information on NB-IoT non-anchor carrier, Type-2 common search space configuration information for Random Access Response (RAR), Type-1A (Type-1A) and Type-2A (Type-2A) PDCCH configuration information, resource location of PDSCH of message 4(Msg4), resource location of PDSCH scheduled in G-RNTI or SC-RNTI scrambled DCI, characteristic of whether NB-IoT supports release 16 introduced NRS transmission when there is no NPDCCH transmission on non-anchor carrier, NRS configuration information introduced by the release 16 characteristic.

acquiring information on the overlapped frequency domain resources according to a configuration indicated in a higher layer signaling and/or a physical layer signaling; and/or

Fig. 10 schematically shows a schematic diagram of a transmission method 1000 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The transmission method 1000 may be performed at a base station within one of a first system and a second system where frequency domain resources at least partially overlap. As shown in fig. 10, the transmission method according to the embodiment of the present disclosure includes step S1010, notifying overlapped frequency domain resources, and notifying a resource location occupied by the uplink or downlink signal of periodic transmission in the second system, where the uplink or downlink signal of periodic transmission at least includes SIB1 and/or NRS; and step S1020, avoiding performing downlink transmission and/or monitoring uplink transmission at a resource location occupied by the uplink or downlink signal in the second system.

When the frequency domain resources of the LTE system and the NR system overlap, at the overlapping resource location, different Time domain resources may be allocated to the NR system and the LTE system in a Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) manner, so as to avoid a collision caused by transmission of the same Time frequency resource between the NR system and the LTE system.

However, as for the resources used in the NR system, it should be noted that in the current LTE system, there exists an uplink or downlink signal transmitted periodically at a certain rule, which may also be referred to as an always-on (always-on) signal. A terminal of the LTE system can listen to signals that the terminal expects to transmit at the transmission locations of these uplink or downlink signals. Taking the CRS in the LTE system as an example, the base station periodically transmits the CRS on the determined time-frequency resource pattern according to the predefined mapping rule and the CRS parameter related information configured by the base station, and the terminal also determines the transmission position of the CRS (that is, determines the time-frequency resource pattern used by the CRS) according to the predefined mapping rule and the CRS parameter related information configured by the base station and monitors the CRS. Therefore, resources for NR systems need to avoid time-frequency resources used by uplink or downlink signals transmitted periodically at a certain rule in LTE systems.

For scenarios where NR and LTE systems coexist, the prior art includes mechanisms dedicated to avoiding collisions with CRS transmissions. Specifically, the NR protocol includes a mechanism for explicitly supporting rate matching of the PDSCH around RE positions corresponding to CRS transmitted in overlapping LTE carriers, and the mechanism requires the base station to configure the following parameters to the terminal: LTE carrier bandwidth and frequency domain position, LTE MBMS subframe configuration, LTE CRS antenna port number and LTE CRS shift (shift). The above information may be indicated by the lte-CRS-tomacharound parameter in the higher layer signaling. The terminal can deduce the RE position corresponding to CRS transmission in the overlapped LTE system according to the parameters configured by the base station, and performs rate matching around the RE position, so that the NR system does not transmit the NR signal at the RE position of the CRS, thereby avoiding the conflict of the NR system and the CRS signal of the LTE system.

For scenarios where NR systems and LTE-MTC systems or NB-IoT systems coexist, it is desirable to further introduce other mechanisms for avoiding collisions of the NR systems with regularly periodically transmitted signals/channels of other similar CRSs in LTE systems. Specifically, a mechanism of avoiding collision of the NR system with SIB1 in the LTE-MTC system and a mechanism of avoiding collision of the NR system with a Narrowband Reference Signal (NRs) in the LTE NB-IoT system are included.

SIB1 in the LTE-MTC system is also referred to as SIB1-BR, unlike the LTE system, and SIB1 in the NB-IoT system is also referred to as SIB 1-NB. For ease of description, the SIB1 in various systems of LTE is referred to collectively as SIB 1.

In an exemplary embodiment, there is an overlap of frequency domain resources of the first system and the second system, and there is an uplink or downlink signal transmitted periodically with a certain rule in the second system; the method comprises the steps of allocating different time domain resources for a first system and a second system, indicating resource positions occupied by uplink or downlink signals transmitted periodically at a certain rule in the second system in the first system, enabling a base station and/or a terminal in the first system to punch the resource positions occupied by the uplink or downlink signals in the second system or perform rate matching around the resource positions occupied by the uplink or downlink signals in the second system, and/or processing the resource positions occupied by the uplink or downlink signals in the second system as reserved resources or unavailable resources, so as to avoid the transmission collision of the first system and the second system.

In an exemplary embodiment, in a first system, a base station configures information of a second system related to transmission parameters of uplink or downlink signals transmitted periodically with a certain rule to a terminal of the first system, and the terminal of the first system derives a time-frequency resource position corresponding to the uplink or downlink signals transmitted periodically with a certain rule of the second system through the information, and performs rate matching around the time-frequency resource position. The base station configures the relevant information to the terminal of the first system, including dynamic configuration and static or semi-static configuration, for example, dynamically indicates the relevant information in a downlink control message DCI, or (semi-) statically indicates the relevant information in system information (e.g., MIB, SIB, SI, CORESET).

In a specific example, the first system is an NR system, the second system is an LTE-MTC system, and the information configured by the NR base station to the NR terminal includes at least one of: an LTE cell ID, an LTE system frame number, an LTE or LTE-MTC system bandwidth, a transmission time and/or frequency domain resource location of SIB1, a SIB1 frequency hopping sequence, a number of downlink narrowbands available for SIB1, and an index for each narrowband.

And the terminal of the NR system deduces a time-frequency resource position corresponding to the SIB1 signal in the LTE-MTC system through the information, and considers that the time-frequency resource position is configured as a reserved resource or an unavailable resource, and/or performs rate matching around the time-frequency resource position.

In another specific example, the first system is an NR system, the second system is an NB-IoT system, and the information configured by the base station of the NR system to the terminals of the NR system comprises at least one of: LTE cell ID, LTE system frame number, LTE or NB-IoT system bandwidth, frequency domain location of NB-IoT anchor carrier, frequency domain location of NB-IoT non-anchor carrier (including frequency domain location of at least one or each non-anchor carrier if there are multiple non-anchor carriers), whether overlapping with NR system is anchor carrier or non-anchor carrier, the NB-IoT deployment scenario is TDD or FDD, the transmission time domain and/or frequency domain resource location of SIB1, whether there is an additional SIB1 transmission in the NB-IoT system, the time domain and/or frequency domain resource location used by the additional SIB1 transmission (wherein, the location of the time domain resource used by the additional SIB1 transmission and the additional SIB1 transmission can be configured and/or derived based on the number of repetitions of SIB 1; the length of the time domain resource can be indicated by the number of repetitions of SIB 1), the NRS transmission location on the NB-IoT non-anchor carrier.

In one exemplary embodiment, the information of NRs transmission positions on NB-IoT non-anchor carriers configured by the base station of the NR system to the terminals of the NR system includes at least one of: subframes for NRS transmission in NB-IoT system, paging Search Space configuration information on NB-IoT non-anchor carrier, paging PDCCH candidate time-frequency resource location information on NB-IoT non-anchor carrier, Type-2 Common Search Space (CSS) configuration information for Random Access Response (RAR), Type-1A (Type-1A) and Type-2A (Type-2A) PDCCH configuration information, resource location of PDSCH of Message 4(Message 4, Msg4), resource location of PDSCH scheduled in G-RNTI or SC-RNTI scrambled DCI, characteristics of whether NB-IoT supports Release 16(Release 16) introduced when NPDCCH transmission is absent on non-anchor carrier, NRS configuration information introduced by the Release 16 characteristics (such as number of transmission subframes of NRS corresponding to the Release 16 characteristics, data transmission parameters of NRS introduced by the Release 16 characteristics, Transmission start sub-frame, signal/channel associated with NRS transmission).

And the terminal of the NR system deduces the time-frequency resource position corresponding to the SIB1 signal and/or the NRS signal in the NB-IoT system through the information, considers the time-frequency resource position to be configured as reserved resource or unavailable resource, and/or performs rate matching around the time-frequency resource position.

In one exemplary embodiment, the configuring, by the base station, the relevant information to the terminal of the first system includes: the base station indicates the configuration through a high-layer signaling and/or through a physical layer signaling (for example, a downlink control signaling DCI, an uplink control signaling UCI, a signal/channel carrying HARQ-ACK feedback), and the terminal correspondingly obtains the configuration through the high-layer signaling and/or through the physical layer signaling.

In an exemplary embodiment, the configuration is indicated in higher layer signaling (e.g., MIB, SIB, SI, core set), and the physical layer signaling carries an indication of whether to activate the configuration on a resource location associated with the physical layer signaling (which may be all associated resource locations, or a specific subset of associated resource locations, or a specific resource location indicated in DCI). In a specific example, the physical layer signaling is DCI for scheduling uplink/downlink transmission in the first system, and the resource location associated with the DCI is a resource location for the uplink/downlink transmission. When there is NRS transmission in a second system on at least some of the DCI associated resource locations, the DCI indicates to activate the configuration on all or on the some of the DCI associated resource locations; otherwise, when there is no NRS transmission in the second system on any resource in the resource positions associated with the DCI, the DCI indicates that the configuration is not activated on all resource positions associated with the DCI.

The advantage of the above approach is that in NB-IoT systems, there may be dynamic NRS transmission on non-anchor carriers. For example, depending on the transmission of the search space NPDCCH: when NPDCCH transmission exists on the non-anchor carrier, NRS transmission exists on a subframe occupied by the NPDCCH or the search space candidate, the first X subframes and the last Y subframes, and otherwise, NRS transmission does not exist. Thus, dynamically indicating whether to enable the semi-static configuration indicated in the higher layer signaling in the physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI) may better meet the actual need for NB-IoT coexistence with NR systems.

In order to further reduce the interference caused by the periodically transmitted signals of one system to the other system when the two systems coexist, one possible method is to reduce the transmission of the periodic signals of one system and compensate for the performance loss caused by reducing the signals by other means. Taking the coexistence scenario in which LTE-MTC is deployed in the bandwidth of the NR system as an example, if CRS is only transmitted on a part of frequency domain resources in the bandwidth occupied by MTC, CRS is not transmitted in other frequency domain resources (as shown in fig. 11), and downlink demodulation performance on the bandwidth without CRS transmission is compensated by other methods, interference caused by CRS on NR transmission can be reduced in the bandwidth without CRS transmission, and severe damage is not caused to the performance of the MTC system.

In a Rel-16LTE-MTC system, a method for improving demodulation performance of an MTC downlink control channel MPDCCH through a CRS is discussed, and specifically, channel estimation is performed by combining the CRS and a DMRS of an MPDCCH by providing an association relationship (for example, mapping of an antenna port) between the CRS and the DMRS of the MPDCCH, so that the CRS can be used for measurement of the MTC system, the density of an MPDCCH reference signal is indirectly improved, and the performance of the MPDCCH is improved. In the MTC system, the base station provides configuration information about association relationship between MTC reference signals and NR reference signals, so that the reference signals in the NR system can be used for measurement of the MTC system, and thus transmission of reference signals in a part of MTC systems can be reduced on the premise that performance is substantially stable. Similarly, in the NB-IoT system, the base station provides configuration information about the association relationship between the NB-IoT reference signal and the NR reference signal, so that the NR system can use the reference signal in the NR system for measurement of the NB-IoT system, and thus transmission of the reference signal in a part of the NB-IoT system can be reduced on the premise that performance is approximately stable.

Fig. 12 schematically shows a schematic diagram of a transmission method 1200 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The transmission method 1200 may be performed at a terminal device within a first system of a wireless communication system including the first system and a second system. As shown in fig. 12, the transmission method 1200 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure includes a step S1210 of obtaining an association relationship between a first signal/channel in a first system and a second signal/channel in a second system, and determining at least one of the following according to the association relationship and a predefined criterion: the first system comprises a resource range of first signal/channel transmission, and the second system comprises a resource range of second signal/channel transmission; step S1220, transmitting the first signal/channel only within the resource range of the first signal/channel; step S1230, listen to the second signal/channel.

Fig. 12 also shows that the transmission method 1200 may further include step S1240 of deriving, based on the received second signal/channel in the second system, a first signal/channel that is not transmitted on other resources than the resource range of the first signal/channel transmission among all resources of the first system, or using the received second signal/channel directly for the first system.

In an exemplary embodiment, the first and second signals/channels are downlink reference signals, and the direct use of the received second signal/channel in the first system comprises: the received second signal/channel is directly used for downlink channel estimation of the first system.

In one exemplary embodiment, the resource range may be a range of RBs or carriers containing REs on which the first signal/channel or the second signal/channel is mapped.

In an exemplary embodiment, the transmission includes transmitting an uplink signal/channel and/or receiving a downlink signal/channel.

In one exemplary embodiment, the first signal/channel is a downlink reference signal, and the received second signal/channel may be used together with the first signal/channel for downlink channel estimation of the first system.

In one exemplary embodiment, listening to the second signal/channel comprises: the second signal/channel is listened to on all resources of the first system or on other resources of the total resources of the first system not belonging to the resource range of the first signal/channel transmission.

In one exemplary embodiment, the association includes at least one of: the location of the time-frequency resource used for transmission of the first signal/channel, the location of the time-frequency resource used for transmission of the second signal/channel, the mapping relationship of the antenna ports of the first signal/channel and the second signal/channel, the information of the precoder of the first signal/channel and the second signal/channel, and the power offset of the first signal/channel and the second signal/channel.

In one exemplary embodiment, the time-frequency resource location may be a location of an RE on which the first signal/channel or the second signal/channel is mapped.

In an exemplary embodiment, obtaining the association includes one of:

acquiring the incidence relation according to explicit configuration; or

The association is obtained according to a predefined implicit configuration.

Fig. 13 schematically shows a schematic diagram of a transmission method 1300 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The transmission method 1300 may be performed at a base station within a first system of a wireless communication system including the first system and a second system. As shown in fig. 13, a transmission method 1300 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a step S1310 of notifying an association relationship between a first signal/channel in a first system and a second signal/channel in a second system, and determining at least one of the following according to the association relationship and a predefined criterion: the first system comprises a resource range of first signal/channel transmission, and the second system comprises a resource range of second signal/channel transmission; step S1320, transmitting the first signal/channel only within the resource range of the first signal/channel.

Fig. 13 also shows that the transmission method 1300 may further include step S1330 of listening for a second signal/channel; and step S1340, based on the received second signal/channel in the second system, deriving a first signal/channel that is not transmitted on other resources different from the resource range of the first signal/channel transmission in all resources of the first system, or directly using the received second signal/channel in the first system.

In an exemplary embodiment, the transmitting includes receiving an uplink signal/channel and/or transmitting a downlink signal/channel.

In one exemplary embodiment, notifying the association includes one of:

notifying the association according to an explicit configuration; or

The association is notified according to a predefined implicit configuration.

In an exemplary embodiment, a base station configures an association relationship between a first signal/channel in a first system and a second signal/channel in a second system to a terminal of the first system and/or the second system, the terminal of the first system and/or the second system acquires the association relationship, and determines the transmission location of a first signal/channel in the first system and/or the transmission location of a second signal/channel in the second system based on the association and a predefined criterion, and deriving information about one item which is actually transmitted in the first signal/channel in the first system or the second signal/channel in the second system on the basis of the other item which is actually transmitted in the time-frequency resource where the specific signal is not transmitted, or directly use the particular signal/channel received for the actual transmission in another system.

In one exemplary embodiment, the association includes at least one of: mapping relation of antenna ports of a first signal/channel in the first system and a second signal/channel in the second system, information of a precoder (precoder) of the first signal/channel in the first system and the second signal/channel in the second system, and a power offset (power offset) of the first signal/channel in the first system and the second signal/channel in the second system.

In an exemplary embodiment, the association is configured in higher layer signaling and/or physical layer signaling, explicitly configured or according to a predefined implicit configuration. For example, the mapping relationship of precoder information and antenna ports may be explicitly configured in signaling; or, the mapping relation between the precoder information and the antenna port is derived through a predefined rule according to the C-RNTI value of the UE, the DMRS antenna port index number and/or the subframe index number configured in the signaling; or, there is a predefined mapping relationship between the antenna ports, and whether the predefined mapping relationship is enabled or not is configured by signaling. The higher layer signaling may be UE-specific (UE-specific) signaling, or broadcast signaling (e.g., MIB, SIB, SI, CORESET, etc.), or a combination of both (e.g., part of the configuration information is carried in the UE-specific signaling, and part of the configuration information is carried in the broadcast signaling). The physical layer signaling can be downlink control message DCI, uplink control signaling UCI, and signal/channel carrying HARQ-ACK feedback.

In one exemplary embodiment, determining the transmission location of the first signal/channel in the first system and/or the second signal/channel in the second system according to the association and the predefined criteria comprises: it is determined whether the first/second signal/channel is transmitted in the full bandwidth of the corresponding system according to whether the association is configured. For example, when the association relationship is configured, the first/second signal/channel is transmitted in a predefined partial bandwidth in the corresponding system, and is not transmitted in other bandwidths; otherwise, the association is not configured, and the first/second signal/channel is transmitted in the entire bandwidth of the corresponding system.

In a specific example, the first system is an NR system, the second system is an LTE-MTC system, the base station configures an association relationship between a CRS in an LTE-MTC and a DMRS in an NR to an NR and/or an LTE-MTC terminal, the LTE-MTC terminal obtains the association relationship, determines a transmission position of the CRS according to the association relationship and a predefined criterion, derives relevant information of the CRS based on the DMRS in the NR on a time-frequency resource where the CRS is not transmitted, and performs channel estimation using the derived CRS. In another specific example, the LTE-MTC may also perform downlink channel estimation directly using DMRS in NR without performing the step of deriving CRS.

In one exemplary embodiment, the reference signal in the NR may be a CSI-RS, PT-RS, TRS, SRS, in addition to the DMRS. In one exemplary embodiment, the association includes at least one of: mapping relation of antenna ports of the NR reference signal and the LTE CRS, information of precoder (precoder) of the NR reference signal and the LTE CRS, and power offset (power offset) of signal/channel of the NR reference signal and the LTE CRS. In an exemplary embodiment, the LTE-MTC terminal obtains the configured association relationship, transmits the CRS on the bandwidth when the LTE-MTC does not enable frequency hopping, and does not transmit the CRS on the bandwidth which may be occupied after the LTE-MTC enables frequency hopping. In another exemplary embodiment, the LTE-MTC terminal derives a transmission position of the NR reference signal and determines that the CRS will be transmitted within the LTE-MTC bandwidth range where no NR reference signal is transmitted; in the LTE-MTC bandwidth range with NR reference signal transmission, CRS will not be transmitted. In an exemplary embodiment, the LTE-MTC terminal monitors a reference signal of an NR system on a part of MTC system bandwidth where a CRS is not transmitted, and determines related information of the CRS on the bandwidth according to the monitored NR reference signal and the association relationship.

In a specific example, the first system is an NR system, the second system is an NB-IoT system, the base station configures an association relationship between NRSs in NB-IoT and specific reference signals in NR to NR and/or NB-IoT terminals, the NB-IoT terminals acquire the association relationship and determine a transmission location of NRSs according to the association relationship and a predefined criterion, and derive related information of NRSs based on the specific reference signals in NR on time-frequency resources where NRSs are not transmitted. The rest of this example is similar to the example where the second system is MTC.

For a scenario that there are a first system and a second system in a wireless communication system, frequency domain resources used by the first system and the second system at least partially overlap, and there is a periodically transmitted uplink or downlink signal in the second system, if the first system is NR and the second system is LTE, and the periodically transmitted uplink or downlink signal is a cell reference signal CRS in the LTE system, NR UEs are supported in the prior art to perform rate matching around the LTE CRS. Specifically, the NR UE acquires an LTE-CRS-to-match around an LTE CRS in an RRC signaling, determines CRS configuration information in the LTE system according to configuration information indicated in the 1 te-CRS-to-match around, and determines whether rate matching is performed around the LTE CRS in downlink transmission in the NR system according to the CRS configuration information in the LTE system.

The main drawback in the prior art is that the LTE CRS-based rate matching characteristic needs to be supported by the UE capability of the NR UE, and accordingly, the UE needs to report the UE capability to the base station and/or receive the UE capability related configuration indicated by the base station before the LTE CRS-based rate matching characteristic is enabled; on the contrary, for NRUEs in IDLE and/or inactive (inactive) state, since the UE cannot report UE capability to the base station and/or receive UE capability related configuration indicated by the base station, the LTE CRS based rate matching feature cannot be enabled. Therefore, if there is an overlap between the frequency domain resources used by the NR system and the LTE system, on the frequency domain resource of the overlapping portion, when the NR UE receives a downlink signal/channel (e.g., Msg2, Msg4, Msg B, or other downlink signals/channels in the random access process, a downlink channel carrying a paging signal) in an IDLE and/or inactive (inactive) state, it is not assumed that the NR downlink transmission performs rate matching around a periodic downlink signal (e.g., CRS) in the LTE system, but decodes the NR downlink signal in a manner that the periodic downlink signal in the LTE system does not exist in the NR system, that is, decodes the actually received periodic downlink signal in the LTE system as a part of the NR downlink signal/channel. This behavior can severely impact the performance of the UE when receiving the NR downlink transmission.

Therefore, the embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a method for allowing the UE in the first system to perform rate matching based on the periodically transmitted uplink or downlink signal in the second system when the UE does not report the UE capability to the base station and/or receive the UE capability related configuration indicated by the base station.

In one exemplary embodiment, for a scenario where there are a first system and a second system in a wireless communication system, frequency domain resources used by the first system and the second system at least partially overlap, and there is a periodically transmitted uplink or downlink signal in the second system, in the first system: acquiring information on overlapped frequency domain resources and acquiring information on resource positions occupied by the uplink or downlink signals transmitted periodically in the second system; and avoiding uplink transmission and/or monitoring downlink transmission at a resource location occupied by the uplink or downlink signal in the second system.

When the second system is at least one of LTE, LTE-MTC, LTE-NB-IoT, the periodically transmitted uplink or downlink signal in the second system comprises at least one of: a primary synchronization signal PSS, a secondary synchronization signal SSS, a physical broadcast channel PBCH, a primary system message MIB, a system message block SIB1 and a downlink reference signal; the downlink reference signal further comprises at least one of: cell reference signal CRS, narrowband reference signal NRS.

When the second system is an NR or any NR related subsystem (e.g., NR mtc, NR eMBB, NR URLLC, NR V2X, NR-U, etc.), the periodically transmitted uplink or downlink signals in the second system include at least one of: primary synchronization signal PSS, secondary synchronization signal SSS, synchronization broadcast block SSB, synchronization broadcast block set (SS burst set), physical broadcast channel PBCH, primary system message MIB, system message block SIB1, remaining system information RMSI, downlink reference signals (e.g., DMRS, PT-RS, CSI-RS, SRS, etc.).

The acquiring information about resource locations occupied by the uplink or downlink signals in the periodic transmission in the second system, and avoiding uplink transmission and/or monitoring downlink transmission at the resource locations occupied by the uplink or downlink signals in the second system, includes: determining, according to a UE capability (capability), whether to acquire information of a resource location occupied by the uplink or downlink signal in the second system, which is indicated in a signaling in the first system, and whether to avoid uplink transmission and/or monitor downlink transmission at the resource location occupied by the uplink or downlink signal in the second system.

Optionally, the signaling in the first system comprises at least one of: broadcast signaling in the first system, UE-specific signaling in the first system. Optionally, the broadcast signaling in the first system further includes at least one of PBCH, MIB, SIB1, and RMSI.

Optionally, the uplink transmission is a transmission of a specific uplink signal/channel, and/or the downlink transmission is a transmission of a specific downlink signal/channel.

Optionally, the UE capability includes at least one of: according to whether the UE has specific capability; reporting specific UE capability to a base station according to whether the UE reports the specific UE capability to the base station; depending on whether the UE receives the configuration of the particular UE capabilities indicated by the base station.

Optionally, the avoiding uplink transmission and/or listening to downlink transmission in a resource location occupied by the uplink or downlink signal in the second system includes at least one of:

rate matching for uplink transmission in a first system around resource locations occupied by said uplink or downlink signals in said second system;

assuming that downlink transmission in a first system is rate matched around resource locations occupied by said uplink or downlink signals in said second system;

performing rate matching of uplink transmission in the first system according to a legacy (legacy) method when the uplink or downlink signal in the second system does not exist, and puncturing (puncturing) uplink transmission in the first system at a resource location occupied by the uplink or downlink signal in the second system;

it is assumed that the downlink transmission in the first system is rate-matched according to a conventional (1egacy) method when the uplink or downlink signal in the second system is absent, and that the downlink transmission in the first system at a resource location occupied by the uplink or downlink signal in the second system is punctured (punture).

The following description is made with reference to specific examples. In a specific example, the obtaining information about resource locations occupied by the uplink or downlink signals of the periodic transmission in the second system and avoiding uplink transmission and/or listening to downlink transmission in the resource locations occupied by the uplink or downlink signals in the second system includes:

if the UE in the first system has not reported a specific UE capability to the base station and/or has not received the configuration of the specific UE capability indicated by the base station, the UE in the first system determines, according to the information indicated in the broadcast signaling in the first system:

performing rate matching of uplink transmission in a first system according to a conventional (1egacy) method when the uplink or downlink signal in the second system does not exist during specific uplink transmission, and puncturing (puncturing) uplink transmission in the first system at a resource position occupied by the uplink or downlink signal in the second system;

and/or, when receiving a specific downlink transmission, assuming that the downlink transmission in the first system is rate-matched according to a conventional (1egacy) method when the uplink or downlink signal in the second system does not exist, and assuming that the downlink transmission in the first system at a resource location occupied by the uplink or downlink signal in the second system is punctured (punture).

Optionally, the specific downlink transmission includes at least one of: PDCCH transmitted in common search space CSS (e.g., PDCCH for RAR, PDCCH for paging); PDSCH scheduled by PDCCH transmitted in CSS; all or part of the downlink transmissions in the random access procedure (e.g., at least one of Msg2, Msg4, Msg B, and other downlink transmissions in the random access procedure); a physical broadcast channel PBCH; the UE in the first system may receive other downlink signals/channels transmitted in a broadcast manner when it has not reported the specific UE capability to the base station and/or has not received the configuration of the specific UE capability indicated by the base station.

The obtaining information about resource locations occupied by the uplink or downlink signals in the periodic transmission in the second system, and avoiding performing uplink transmission and/or monitoring downlink transmission at the resource locations occupied by the uplink or downlink signals in the second system, further includes:

if the UE in the first system has reported a specific UE capability to the base station and/or has received the configuration of the specific UE capability indicated by the base station, the UE in the first system determines, according to the information indicated in the broadcast signaling in the first system and/or the information indicated in the UE-specific signaling:

performing rate matching of uplink transmission in the first system according to a legacy (legacy) method when the uplink or downlink signal in the second system does not exist when performing specific uplink transmission, and puncturing (puncturing) uplink transmission in the first system at a resource location occupied by the uplink or downlink signal in the second system;

and/or, when receiving a specific downlink transmission, assuming that the downlink transmission in the first system is rate-matched according to a legacy (legacy) method when the uplink or downlink signal in the second system does not exist, and assuming that the downlink transmission in the first system at a resource location occupied by the uplink or downlink signal in the second system is punctured (punctured).

Optionally, the specific downlink transmission includes at least one of: downlink signals/channels in the contention-based random access procedure in the connected state, other downlink signals/channels transmitted in a broadcast manner that may be received by the UE in the first system after the UE has reported the specific UE capability to the base station and/or received the configuration of the specific UE capability indicated by the base station (e.g. PDCCH in a common search space, which may further include a common search space that both the connected-state UE and the IDLE/inactive-state UE may monitor, e.g. Type-2CSS corresponding to RAR).

This example is mainly used to illustrate how, for a downlink signal/channel transmitted in a broadcast manner in the first system, when a UE at a receiving end of the downlink signal/channel may include any combination of the following three UEs, the system performance is better maintained: UEs that do not have the capability of coexisting with the second system (for convenience of description, abbreviated as type 1); UE (for convenience of description, abbreviated as type 2) having a capability of coexisting with the second system but not reporting UE capability and/or not receiving configuration of specific UE capability indicated by the base station; UE (for convenience of description, abbreviated as type 3) that has the capability of coexisting with the second system and has reported the UE capability and/or has received the configuration of the specific UE capability indicated by the base station. In this scenario, since the base station handles downlink transmission and/or uplink transmission in a puncturing manner, the type 2 and type 3 UEs can handle normally

The signal of periodic uplink and/or downlink transmission in the second system has negative influence on the signal in the first system, and compared with the prior art, the type 2 UE can correctly process the signal of periodic uplink and/or downlink transmission in the second system when the UE capability reporting is not carried out or the UE capability configuration is not obtained; since the class 1 UE does not have the corresponding UE capability, it is assumed that the transmission in the first system is not punctured, but no matter whether such a scheme is adopted, since the periodic signal in the second system always needs to be transmitted, and the class 1 UE cannot process the periodic signal in the second system, the performance of the class 1 UE is not degraded compared with the prior art. The puncturing approach is slightly inferior in performance compared to the rate matching approach in the example described below, but has the advantage of being compatible with any combination of class 1, class 2, and class 3 UEs and thus more suitable for the downlink signal/channel of the broadcast.

In another specific example, the obtaining information about resource locations occupied by the uplink or downlink signals of the periodic transmission in the second system and avoiding uplink transmission and/or listening to downlink transmission in the resource locations occupied by the uplink or downlink signals in the second system includes:

the UE in the first system has the capability of supporting coexistence with the second system, and has reported a specific UE capability to the base station, and/or has received the configuration of the specific UE capability indicated by the base station, and then the UE in the first system determines, according to the information indicated in the broadcast signaling in the first system:

when the UE in the first system carries out specific uplink transmission, carrying out rate matching of the uplink transmission in the first system around the resource position occupied by the uplink or downlink signal in the second system;

and/or, when receiving a particular downlink transmission, assuming that the downlink transmission in the first system is rate-matched around the resource location occupied by the uplink or downlink signal in the second system.

Optionally, the specific downlink transmission includes at least one of: PDCCH transmitted in UE-specific search space; PDSCH scheduled by PDCCH transmitted in a search space specific to UE; downlink signals/channels in a non-contention (contention free) random access procedure (e.g., at least one of Msg2, Msg4, Msg B in a non-contention random access procedure); the UE in the first system may receive other downlink signals/channels transmitted in a unicast manner after reporting the specific UE capability to the base station and/or receiving the configuration of the specific UE capability indicated by the base station.

This example is mainly used to illustrate that, for a downlink signal/channel transmitted in a unicast manner in the first system, since how to be compatible with multiple types of UEs does not need to be considered in a unicast service scenario as in a broadcast service scenario, and the base station has already obtained information on whether a receiving UE of the downlink signal/channel has a specific UE capability, the base station can accordingly determine whether to perform rate matching around a periodic signal in the second system according to the UE capability. Compared to the puncturing method in the previous specific example, the rate matching method can further optimize the system performance after determining whether the UE has the specific UE capability, and thus is more suitable for the unicast downlink signal/channel after the UE has reported the specific UE capability to the base station and/or has received the configuration of the specific UE capability indicated by the base station.

According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, for the method described above, all or part of the UE and/or the base station in the first and/or system may be simultaneously supported, which may be determined according to the configuration of the base station or specified according to the protocol. At least one of the methods may also be used (enabled) separately for UEs of different capabilities (supporting all or part of the above methods).

The structure of a radio node according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below with reference to fig. 14. Fig. 14 schematically shows a block diagram of a radio node 1400 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. The radio node 1400 may be configured to perform the method 300 described with reference to fig. 3, the method 600 described with reference to fig. 6, the method 700 described with reference to fig. 7, the method 800 described with reference to fig. 8, the method 900 described with reference to fig. 9, the method 1000 described with reference to fig. 10, the method 1200 described with reference to fig. 12, or the method 1300 described with reference to fig. 13. For the sake of brevity, only the schematic structure of a radio node according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is described herein, and details already detailed in

methods

300, 600, 700, 900, 1000, 1200 and 1-300 as previously described with reference to fig. 3, 6-10, 11-12 are omitted.

As shown in fig. 14, the radio node 1400 comprises a processing unit or processor 1401, which processor 1401 may be a single unit or a combination of units for performing the different steps of the method; memory 1402 having stored therein computer-executable instructions that, when executed by processor 1401, cause processor 1401 to: acquiring information on the overlapped frequency domain resources; determining overlapping frequency domain resources, the determined overlapping frequency domain resources comprising subcarrier level overlap; and avoiding uplink transmission and/or listening for downlink transmission on the determined overlapping frequency domain resources.

According to one embodiment of the disclosure, the instructions, when executed by the processor 1401, further cause the processor 1401 to: determining overlapping frequency domain resources according to at least one of: using predefined overlapping frequency domain resources; determining overlapping frequency domain resources according to a first predetermined condition; and determining overlapping frequency domain resources according to the configuration.

According to one embodiment of the disclosure, the instructions, when executed by the processor 1401, further cause the processor 1401 to: according to the received indication information, determining: whether the first system and/or the second system is a predetermined communication system and/or whether time domain and/or frequency domain resources used by the first system and/or the second system meet a second predetermined condition; and if so, determining predefined frequency domain resources corresponding to the particular communication system and/or the second predetermined condition as overlapping frequency domain resources.

According to one embodiment of the disclosure, the instructions, when executed by the processor 1401, further cause the processor 1401 to: the overlapping frequency domain resources are determined according to a configuration indicated in the higher layer signaling and/or the physical layer signaling.

According to one embodiment of the disclosure, the instructions, when executed by the processor 1401, further cause the processor 1401 to: the overlapping frequency domain resources are determined from a bitmap in the received signaling, the bitmap comprising sub-carrier level bitmaps.

According to one embodiment of the disclosure, the instructions, when executed by the processor 1401, further cause the processor 1401 to: the overlapping frequency domain resources are punctured or rate matched around the overlapping frequency domain resources and/or are treated as reserved or unavailable resources to avoid collisions of transmissions of the first and second systems at the overlapping frequency domain resources.

According to one embodiment of the disclosure, the instructions, when executed by the processor 1401, further cause the processor 1401 to: and according to the determined configuration of the overlapped frequency domain resources and/or the frequency domain position of the RB starting subcarrier, shifting the frequency domain position of the RB so that the frequency domain resources of the first system and the second system are not overlapped any more.

According to one embodiment of the disclosure, the instructions, when executed by the processor 1401, further cause the processor 1401 to: determining at least one of the following according to the configuration of the frequency domain position of the RB starting subcarrier and/or the configuration of the frequency domain position of the RB starting subcarrier: the method comprises the steps of adjusting the frequency domain position of a starting subcarrier of an RB according to the frequency domain position of the starting subcarrier of the RB, moving the frequency domain position of the starting subcarrier of the RB in the range to the moving direction by the offset, and determining the frequency domain position of the RB in the range after moving according to the position of the starting subcarrier after moving. In an exemplary embodiment, the offset may take a positive or negative value, and in combination with the determined direction of movement, the actual direction of movement may be determined.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the adjusted RBs are all uplink and/or downlink RBs in the system bandwidth of the first system and/or the second system, or specific uplink and/or downlink RBs in the system bandwidth determined according to at least one of the following: a predefined criterion, the determined overlapping frequency domain resources, a configuration of frequency domain positions of RB starting subcarriers.

According to one embodiment of the disclosure, the instructions, when executed by the processor 1401, further cause the processor 1401 to: acquiring configuration information, wherein the configuration information comprises: a pattern of particular signals/channels, the pattern comprising at least a portion of overlapping time-frequency resources; the configuration information further includes: information on overlapping time-frequency resources, and/or indication information, wherein the indication information comprises: information that does not monitor the downlink transmission of the specific signal/channel and/or information that does not send the uplink transmission of the specific signal/channel; and performing at least one of: according to the acquired configuration information, not monitoring the downlink transmission of the specific signal/channel; and/or no uplink transmission of the particular signal/channel.

According to one embodiment of the disclosure, the instructions, when executed by the processor 1401, further cause the processor 1401 to: acquiring information on overlapped frequency domain resources and acquiring information on resource positions occupied by the uplink or downlink signals of periodic transmission in the second system, wherein the uplink or downlink signals of periodic transmission at least comprise SIB1 and/or NRS; and avoiding uplink transmission and/or monitoring downlink transmission at a resource location occupied by the uplink or downlink signal in the second system.

According to one embodiment of the disclosure, the instructions, when executed by the processor 1401, further cause the processor 1401 to: and enabling a base station and/or a terminal in the first system to punch or perform rate matching around the resource position occupied by the uplink or downlink signal in the second system, and/or processing the resource position occupied by the uplink or downlink signal in the second system as a reserved resource or an unavailable resource.

According to one embodiment of the disclosure, the instructions, when executed by the processor 1401, further cause the processor 1401 to: acquiring the association relation between a first signal/channel in a first system and a second signal/channel in a second system, and determining at least one of the following according to the association relation and a predefined criterion: the first system comprises a resource range of first signal/channel transmission, and the second system comprises a resource range of second signal/channel transmission; transmitting a first signal/channel only within the resource range of said first signal/channel; listening for a second signal/channel; and deriving, based on the received second signal/channel in the second system, a first signal/channel that is not transmitted on other resources of the total resources of the first system than the range of resources in which the first signal/channel is transmitted, or using the received second signal/channel directly in the first system.

The various steps are described in a particular order in the above flow diagrams. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the steps do not necessarily need to be performed in the order shown, but they may be performed in reverse order, or concurrently in parallel, as long as there is no conflict.

The terms "first" and "second" are used herein to distinguish one term from another. Those skilled in the art will recognize that this is done for differentiation purposes only and is not limiting. For example, the first system and the second system may be interchanged. That is, the method performed at the terminal/base station within the first system may also be performed at the terminal/base station of the second system.

In the prior art, in order to enable a base station to obtain downlink Channel quality, User Equipment (UE) reports Channel State Information (CSI) to the base station, where the CSI reporting includes periodic CSI reporting and aperiodic CSI reporting. The periodic CSI report is reported according to a period configured by a high-level signaling and a time offset, the aperiodic CSI report is driven by CSI request Information in Downlink Control Information (DCI) of a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) scheduled by a base station, and the UE sends the aperiodic CSI report to the base station of a serving cell according to the indication of the CSI request Information. The CSI described herein may include a Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), a Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), a Rank Indicator (RI), a repetition number and/or an aggregation level (aggregation level) required for the UE to demodulate a hypothetical Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), and the like.

In addition, the generalized channel state information includes information representing a semi-static/long-term state of a channel, such as Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Reference Signal to noise and interference ratio (RS-SINR), and Received Signal energy Indicator (RSSI). Typically, such information is used for cell selection, cell handover, coverage level selection, etc.

The 3GPP standardized two sets of narrowband systems for internet of things (IoT), emtc (enhanced machine type communication) and NB-IoT (narrow band internet of things) systems in Rel-13. For IDLE-state UEs, the eMTC system supports CSI reporting in Message 3(Message 3, Msg3) in the random access process (CSI feedback, which may also be referred to as CSI reporting (CSI report)), and the NB-IoT system supports CSI reporting in Message 3(Message 3, Msg3) in the random access process on the anchor carrier and the non-anchor carrier. For connected-state UEs, in the coverage mode a, the eMTC system supports periodic and aperiodic CSI reporting, while the NB-IoT system does not support any CSI reporting. Further, eMTC and NB-IoT systems select coverage levels according to RSRP.

In order to better allocate downlink resources to the UE of the internet of things according to the channel state, how to report the channel state more effectively is a problem to be solved. In particular, the uplink of the NB-IoT system uses only npusch (narrowband pusch) channel to transmit uplink data and uplink control information. Therefore, the present invention provides a method for reporting CSI in a connected state for an NB-IoT system.

In an exemplary embodiment, a connected UE periodically performs CSI measurement, or triggers CSI measurement when a predetermined condition is satisfied, or triggers CSI measurement after receiving a signaling indicating aperiodic CSI reporting; the CSI measurement result is used for periodical or aperiodic CSI reporting. The method comprises the steps that a connected UE periodically reports CSI, or triggers CSI reporting when a preset condition is met, or triggers the CSI reporting after a signaling for indicating aperiodic CSI reporting is received.

In a specific example, the connected UE periodically performs CSI measurement and periodically reports CSI, where the reported CSI is CSI measured last time within a time range determined according to a predetermined condition. For example, the UE reports CSI in subframe n, where the reported CSI is CSI measured last time in the range from subframe n-M to subframe n. The measurement time for periodically measuring the CSI and the reporting time for periodically reporting the CSI are independent or related to each other. For example, the UE performs periodic CSI measurement from subframe x1 to subframe x2, and reports the measured periodic CSI on subframe x1+ Y or subframe x2+ Y.

In another specific example, the connected UE periodically performs CSI measurement, and triggers CSI reporting when a first predetermined condition is met or after receiving a signaling indicating aperiodic CSI reporting, where the reported CSI is CSI measured last within a time range determined according to a second predetermined condition. For example, the UE periodically performs CSI measurement, and triggers CSI reporting when RSRP is lower than a predetermined threshold or after receiving a signaling indicating aperiodic CSI reporting, where a reported time domain position is a subframe n, and the reported CSI is CSI measured last time in a range from a subframe n-M to the subframe n.

In another specific example, the connected UE performs CSI measurement when a predetermined condition is satisfied, and reports the measured CSI. The measurement time for periodically measuring the CSI and the reporting time for periodically reporting the CSI are independent or related to each other. For example, the UE performs CSI measurement from subframe x1 to subframe x2, and reports the measured CSI at subframe x1+ Y or subframe x2+ Y.

In another specific example, the connected UE performs CSI measurement when a first predetermined condition is satisfied, and reports CSI when a second predetermined condition is satisfied, where the reported CSI is CSI measured last within a time range determined according to the second predetermined condition or CSI corresponding to the first predetermined condition. For example, the UE triggers CSI measurement when RSRP is lower than a predetermined threshold, and reports the current CSI when a variation range of the measured CSI (referred to as current CSI for convenience of description) compared with the last measured CSI exceeds the threshold.

In another specific example, the connected UE performs CSI measurement when the first predetermined condition is satisfied, and reports CSI after receiving a signaling indicating aperiodic CSI reporting, where the reported CSI is CSI measured last within a time range determined according to the second predetermined condition. For example, when the RSRP is lower than a predetermined threshold, the UE triggers CSI measurement, and triggers CSI reporting after receiving a signaling indicating aperiodic CSI reporting, where the reported time domain position is a subframe n, and the reported CSI is the CSI measured last time in a range from the subframe n-M to the subframe n.

In another specific example, the connected UE triggers CSI measurement after receiving signaling indicating aperiodic CSI reporting, and reports the measured CSI after the measurement is completed.

In an exemplary embodiment, the connected UE performs CSI measurement and CSI reporting, including reporting CSI measured within a time range determined according to a predefined condition. In particular, the time range determined according to the predefined condition comprises at least one of: the method comprises the steps of a given time range before a time domain position for CSI reporting, a given time range after the time domain position for CSI reporting, a given time range before a time domain position for receiving signaling for indicating aperiodic CSI reporting, and a given time range after the time domain position for receiving signaling for indicating aperiodic CSI reporting.

For a given frequency domain resource, if more than one CSI measurement is carried out in a time range determined according to a predefined condition, reporting the CSI obtained by the latest CSI measurement or the best CSI/UE preference among the CSI measured by the CSI measurements for a plurality of times; otherwise, if the CSI measurement is not carried out in the time range determined according to the preset condition, or the time length of the time range determined according to the preset condition is shorter than the time length required by the CSI measurement, the CSI reporting is not carried out, or a preset CSI value is reported. The predetermined CSI value is used to indicate a failure of CSI measurement or to indicate the worst CSI.

In a specific example, the UE receives a signaling indicating aperiodic CSI reporting at subframe n0, reports CSI at subframe n1, and reports CSI measured in a range from subframe n0+ X to subframe n 1-Y; wherein X and Y represent processing delays used by the UE to decode signaling and generate a message carrying CSI. The CSI measured in the range from the subframe n0+ X to the subframe n1-Y may be CSI corresponding to CSI measurement triggered by signaling used for indicating aperiodic CSI reporting, or CSI corresponding to periodic CSI measurement, if the measurement time of the periodic CSI measurement is exactly in the range from the subframe n0+ X to the subframe n 1-Y.

In another specific example, the UE receives a signaling indicating aperiodic CSI reporting at subframe n0, reports CSI at subframe n1, and reports CSI measured in the range from subframe n1-X1 to subframe n 1-X2; wherein X1 indicates the timeliness of CSI measurements, i.e. the earliest range of CSI available, earlier than which CSI is considered invalid; x2 represents the processing delay that the UE uses to generate the CSI-carrying message.

In an exemplary embodiment, a connected UE triggers CSI measurement and/or CSI reporting after receiving signaling indicating aperiodic CSI reporting, wherein the signaling indicating aperiodic CSI reporting includes at least one of: downlink Control Information (DCI), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, and Radio Resource Control (Radio Resource Control) signaling. The DCI includes an uplink grant (UL grant) message and a downlink grant (DL grant) message. The MAC signaling is used to indicate aperiodic CSI reporting, and includes indicating with a MAC Control Element (CE) and indicating aperiodic CSI reporting with a MAC header or a MAC subheader.

Wherein reporting the CSI comprises reporting the CSI using at least one of the following signaling/channels: PUSCH, PUCCH, MAC signaling, RRC signaling. Wherein, for the NB-IoT system, the PUSCH comprises NPUSCH format 1 and NPUSCH format 2, and other NPUSCH formats supported by the system. And reporting the CSI by using the MAC signaling comprises reporting the CSI by using the MAC CE and reporting the CSI by using an MAC header or an MAC subheader.

In a specific example, a connected UE triggers CSI measurement and/or CSI reporting after receiving DCI indicating aperiodic CSI reporting. If the DCI for indicating aperiodic CSI reporting is an uplink authorization message, reporting the CSI by using a PUSCH, wherein the CSI is carried in the PUSCH as a data message and carried in the PUSCH in the form of piggybacked Uplink Control Information (UCI); if the DCI for indicating aperiodic CSI reporting is a downlink grant message, reporting CSI using PUCCH, or reporting CSI using a channel carrying HARQ-ACK feedback, for example, reporting CSI using NPUSCH format 2 in an NB-IoT system, specifically, carrying CSI as a field included in a feedback message in NPUSCH format 2 and carrying CSI in NPUSCH format 2 in the form of piggybacked Uplink Control Information (UCI).

In another specific example, the connected UE triggers CSI measurement and/or CSI reporting after receiving MAC signaling indicating aperiodic CSI reporting, and reports CSI using the MAC signaling. In another specific example, the connected UE triggers CSI measurement and/or CSI reporting after receiving RRC signaling indicating aperiodic CSI reporting, and reports CSI using the RRC signaling.

In an exemplary embodiment, a connected UE periodically performs CSI measurement, or triggers CSI measurement when a predetermined condition is satisfied, or triggers CSI measurement after receiving a signaling indicating aperiodic CSI reporting; wherein the frequency domain resources for CSI measurement comprise at least one of: frequency domain resources on which a given signal/channel is transmitted or monitored, downlink frequency domain resources in the FDD system corresponding to uplink frequency domain resources on which the given signal/channel is transmitted, uplink frequency domain resources in the FDD system corresponding to downlink frequency domain resources on which the given signal/channel is monitored, frequency domain resources configured or preconfigured by RRC signaling or higher layers for periodic CSI reporting, frequency domain resources configured or preconfigured by RRC signaling or higher layers for aperiodic CSI reporting, frequency domain resources indicated in signaling for indicating aperiodic CSI reporting. The frequency domain resource configured by the higher layer for periodic CSI reporting or aperiodic CSI reporting may be an anchor carrier and/or all non-anchor carriers configured in the SIB. The frequency domain resource may be a carrier, a narrowband, a wideband, or a frequency domain resource unit such as a PRB. The frequency domain resource may be a carrier, a narrowband, a wideband, or a frequency domain resource unit such as a PRB. The given signal/channel may be a PDCCH, a PDSCH, a PUSCH, or the like, and includes signaling for indicating aperiodic CSI reporting and a channel carrying the signaling for indicating aperiodic CSI reporting.

In an exemplary embodiment, a connected UE periodically reports CSI, or triggers CSI reporting when a predetermined condition is met, or triggers CSI reporting after receiving a signaling indicating aperiodic CSI reporting; wherein the reported CSI comprises CSI obtained by measuring at least one of the following: frequency domain resources on which a given signal/channel is transmitted or monitored, downlink frequency domain resources in the FDD system corresponding to uplink frequency domain resources on which the given signal/channel is transmitted, uplink frequency domain resources in the FDD system corresponding to downlink frequency domain resources on which the given signal/channel is monitored, frequency domain resources configured or preconfigured by RRC signaling or higher layers for periodic CSI reporting, frequency domain resources configured or preconfigured by RRC signaling or higher layers for aperiodic CSI reporting, frequency domain resources indicated in signaling for indicating aperiodic CSI reporting. The frequency domain resource configured by the higher layer for periodic CSI reporting or aperiodic CSI reporting may be an anchor carrier and/or all non-anchor carriers configured in the SIB. The frequency domain resource may be a carrier, a narrowband, a wideband, or a frequency domain resource unit such as a PRB. The given signal/channel may be a PDCCH, a PDSCH, a PUSCH, or the like, and includes signaling for indicating aperiodic CSI reporting and a channel carrying the signaling for indicating aperiodic CSI reporting.

In an exemplary embodiment, the frequency domain resource for measuring the CSI by the connected UE and the frequency domain resource corresponding to CSI reporting are the same, that is, the UE reports all CSI measurement results. In another exemplary embodiment, the frequency domain resources for CSI measurement by the connected UE and the frequency domain resources corresponding to CSI report are different, for example, the content of CSI report is a subset of CSI measurement results, and specifically, the content of CSI report is CSI measurement results corresponding to a subset of all frequency domain resources for CSI measurement.

In a specific example, the connected UE periodically performs CSI measurement on a plurality of non-anchor carriers, and triggers CSI reporting when a first predetermined condition is satisfied or after receiving a signaling indicating aperiodic CSI reporting, where the reported CSI is CSI measured last time on the plurality of non-anchor carriers respectively within a time range determined according to a second predetermined condition.

In one exemplary embodiment, the connected UE periodically makes CSI measurements, and in particular, the UE measures CSI in a given time window within each CSI measurement period.

Wherein the CSI measurement period is predefined or higher-layer configured, including at least one of: integer multiples of the PDCCH period, a measurement period dedicated for CSI measurement. Wherein the PDCCH comprises a UE-specific search space USS and a common search space CSS; the PDCCH may be of some specific type or types, e.g., USS and/or paging corresponding PDCCH.

When the UE performs CSI measurement on multiple frequency domain resources, the CSI measurement periods corresponding to different frequency domain resources and/or the configuration of a given time window in the measurement period are the same, or determined on each frequency domain resource.

In a specific example, the CSI measurement period is an integer multiple of the PDCCH. Specifically, the PDCCH period T is Rmax G, the CSI measurement period N is Rmax G, and N is a positive integer.

In another specific example, the CSI measurement period is an integer multiple of the PDCCH to which the page corresponds. One possible scenario is that on the non-anchor carrier of NB-IoT, Release 16(Release 16) introduces NRS that is still transmitting when there is no NPDCCH transmission, e.g., on a PO set, there are subframes within the PO set with NRS transmission even without NPDCCH transmission according to a given Paging Occasion (PO) pattern; one possible design is that the PO pattern is every N-1 POs (which may be the UE's own PO or the UE's own PO and the POs of other UEs), where there are subframes of NRS transmission even without NPDCCH transmission in the nth PO. Accordingly, the NRSs that are still transmitting when there is no NPDCCH transmission can be used for CSI measurement, and thus the measurement period of the UE is also configured to be N times the PDCCH period of paging, so that the UE can perform CSI measurement in each PO that necessarily contains NRSs according to the PO pattern. This example gives an example of determining the CSI measurement period based on a PO pattern for only one specific PO pattern, and the method in this example can also be similarly applied to other different PO patterns. Wherein the PO pattern may include the PO of the UE itself and the PO of other UEs, or only the PO of the UE itself; the measurement period of the UE may thus be N times the PDCCH period of its own paging or N times the paging PDCCH period from the network perspective, which may be embodied as an NRS detection period configured by higher layers corresponding to release 16-introduced NRS characteristics, which is also referred to as CSI measurement period.

In an exemplary embodiment, the given time window is a particular set of time domain resources within the CSI measurement period. In a specific example, the position of the given time window may be derived from a length of the given time window, a starting subframe of the given time window, and an offset of the starting subframe of the CSI measurement period. In another exemplary embodiment, the given time window may be the entire CSI measurement period, i.e., CSI measurements may be made on any subframe within the CSI measurement period.

In another exemplary embodiment, the time at which the CSI measurement is made within a given time window is all of the time domain resources within the given time window, or a subset of all of the time domain resources within the given time window.

In an exemplary embodiment, when a connected UE performs CSI measurements in an NB-IoT system (including periodically performing CSI measurements, or triggering CSI measurements when a predetermined condition is met, or triggering CSI measurements upon receiving signaling indicating aperiodic CSI reporting), the reference signal for CSI measurements comprises NRS.

In one exemplary embodiment, NRS for CSI measurement on NB-IoT non-anchor carriers includes at least one of:

NRS transmitted on the fixed subframe;

NRS transmitted on the NRS-containing subframe indicated by the bitmap in SIB 1-NB;

newly introduced NRS dedicated to CSI measurement;

NRS corresponding to NPDCCH or NPDCCH candidate or NPDSCH or Wake-up signal WUS (Wake-up signal), also called NWUS in NB-IoT (NB-IoT WUS).

Among them, NRSs corresponding to NPDCCH or NPDCCH candidates or NPDSCH or Wake-up signal WUS (Wake-up signal) (also referred to as NWUS in NB-IoT (NB-IoT WUS)) include: NRS transmitted on all subframes in at least one of the following and/or on partial subframes in at least one of the following and/or on M subframes before and/or N subframes after at least one of the following: NPDCCH, NPDCCH candidates, NPDSCH, wherein M and N are non-negative integers.

In one particular example, the NRSs for CSI measurement on the NB-IoT non-anchor carrier include NRSs transmitted on all subframes in at least one of the following and/or on a partial subframe in at least one of the following and/or on M subframes before and/or N subframes after at least one of the following: NPDCCH candidates corresponding to paging DCI, Type 2 common search spaces (Type-2CSS) for random access, Type 1A (Type-1A) and Type 2A (Type-2A) NPDCCH, NPDSCH for transmitting Message 4(Message 4, Msg4) in random access procedure, NPDSCH scheduled by DCI scrambled by G-RNTI or SC-RNTI, NWUS. Also included are subframe 0/1/3/4/9 in FDD system, subframe 0/subframe 5 in TDD system and the subframe containing NRS indicated by bitmap in SIB 1-NB.

In an exemplary embodiment, when a connected UE performs CSI measurement in an NB-IoT system (including periodically performing CSI measurement, or triggering CSI measurement when a predetermined condition is met, or triggering CSI measurement after receiving signaling indicating aperiodic CSI reporting), a time domain location at which the CSI measurement is performed (which may also be referred to as a time domain location of a CSI reference resource) is determined based on a location of an NRS and/or a type of the NRS. In one exemplary embodiment, the time-domain location where the CSI measurements are made is a subset of the subframes that include NRSs.

In one specific example, the UE performs CSI measurements using NRS corresponding to NPDCCH. The UE starts CSI measurement at the starting position of an NPDCCH starting subframe or a subframe with NRS transmission before the NPDCCH, and finishes the CSI measurement after measuring time domain resources with fixed length, or at the finishing subframe of the NPDCCH or the finishing position of the subframe with NRS transmission after the NPDCCH. Thus, the starting position of the CSI measurement (which may also be referred to as the starting position of the CSI reference resource) comprises at least one of: the starting subframe of the NPDCCH, the starting position of the subframe including the NRS before the NPDCCH and the earliest subframe including the NRS after a fixed gap after the subframe occupied by signaling for indicating aperiodic CSI reporting. The end position of the CSI measurement (which may also be referred to as the end position of the CSI reference resource) includes at least one of: an end subframe of the NPDCCH, an end position of a subframe including the NRS behind the NPDCCH, a fixed gap behind the subframe occupied by signaling for indicating aperiodic CSI reporting, and an Nth subframe behind a starting subframe for CSI measurement^CSISub-frame (or Nth sub-frame)^CSI1 subframe). Wherein N is^CSIIs the time domain length of the CSI measurement (which may also be referred to as CSI parameter)The time domain length of the reference resource) may be a fixed value or calculated based on other parameters. Further, when the start position or the end position of the CSI measurement includes a plurality of items, one of the items is selected according to a predefined priority, or the earliest or latest start position or end position is used.

In the specific example above, NPDCCH may also be replaced with NPDCCH candidates. Since NRSs corresponding to NPDSCH or WUS are also similarly transmitted on the first M and last N subframes of a subframe for transmitting NPDSCH or WUS and a subframe for transmitting NPDSCH or WUS, NPDCCH can be similarly replaced with NPDSCH or WUS in this example. Wherein the WUS may be a WUS corresponding to a paged NPDCCH. Since NRS transmissions corresponding to NPDCCH, NPDCCH candidates, NPDSCH and WUS are both on the anchor carrier and the non-anchor carrier in the NB-IoT system, the above specific examples are applicable to the anchor carrier and the non-anchor carrier, and when the specific configuration (e.g., subframe position of NRS transmission) of the NRS corresponding to NPDCCH is different in the anchor carrier and the non-anchor carrier, the time domain position of CSI measurement is determined based on the respective configurations, respectively. In the above specific example, the subframe occupied by the signaling for indicating aperiodic CSI reporting may also be replaced by a subframe for successfully decoding the signaling for indicating aperiodic CSI reporting.

In one specific example, the NRS is transmitted 10 subframes before the NPDCCH starting subframe, and is transmitted on all subframes in the NPDCCH, and is transmitted 4 subframes after the NPDCCH ending subframe. The starting subframe of NPDCCH is k0 and the ending subframe is k0+ T. Therefore, the starting position of the reference resource for CSI measurement is the subframe k0-10, and the ending position of the reference resource for CSI measurement is the subframe k0+ T + 4.

In a specific example, the UE performs CSI measurement using NRS corresponding to NPDCCH, specifically, the UE starts CSI measurement from an earliest subframe including NRS after a fixed gap after a subframe occupied by DCI for indicating aperiodic CSI reporting, and ends CSI measurement after the fixed gap after the subframe occupied by DCI for indicating aperiodic CSI reporting. For example, the UE receives DCI for indicating aperiodic CSI reporting in subframe n, starts CSI measurement in subframe n + X1, and ends CSI measurement in subframe n + X2, where X1 and X2 are non-negative integers and are used to indicate the length of the fixed gap.

In one specific example, the UE performs CSI measurements using newly introduced NRSs dedicated to CSI measurements. The UE acquires a configuration of a newly introduced NRS dedicated for CSI measurement, including at least one of: a period of the newly introduced NRS dedicated to CSI measurement, an offset of the newly introduced NRS dedicated to CSI measurement (referring to an offset between a starting subframe of the newly introduced NRS dedicated to CSI measurement and a starting subframe of each period), a duration length of the newly introduced NRS dedicated to CSI measurement; the UE performs CSI measurements on subframes with newly introduced NRS transmission dedicated to CSI measurements, or on a subset of subframes with newly introduced NRS dedicated to CSI measurements, according to the configuration of the newly introduced NRS dedicated to CSI measurements. Another possible way is that the UE obtains configuration information of CSI measurements, including the time domain location where the CSI measurements are made, where the UE assumes that there is always a newly introduced NRS transmission dedicated to CSI measurements.

In one particular example, the UE uses NRS transmitted on fixed subframes for CSI measurements. On an anchor carrier in an NB-IoT system, NRS transmission is on all subframes, and the UE selects time domain resources for CSI measurement according to the periodicity and/or time window of the CSI measurement configuration. On a non-anchor carrier in an NB-IoT system, taking an FDD system as an example, NRS transmission is on subframe 0/1/3/4/9, and the UE selects a range of time domain resources for CSI measurement according to a periodicity and/or a time window configured for CSI measurement, and performs CSI measurement on subframe 0/1/3/4/9 within the range. Similarly, the UE may also perform CSI measurement using the subframe containing NRS indicated by the bitmap in SIB1-NB in the same manner, select a range of time domain resources for CSI measurement according to the periodicity and/or time window of the CSI measurement configuration, and perform CSI measurement on the subframe containing NRS in the range.

In one specific example, the UE performs CSI measurements using NRSs of any type, including NRSs transmitted on fixed subframes, NRSs transmitted on NRS-containing subframes indicated by a bitmap in SIB1-NB, newly introduced NRSs dedicated for CSI measurements, corresponding to NPDCCH/NPDCCH candidates/NRS of NPDSCH/WUS. And the UE selects a range of time domain resources for periodic CSI measurement or triggered CSI measurement according to the configuration information of the CSI measurement, and performs the CSI measurement on all or part of subframes with NRSs of any types in the range. The partial sub-frame may be the earliest N of all sub-frames within the range having any type of NRS^CSIOne sub-frame, or last N^CSIN determined by a predefined mapping for each subframe or for all subframes^CSIA subframe, or an arbitrary N^CSIAnd a sub-frame.

In an exemplary embodiment, when the connected UE performs CSI measurement, the time domain resource length N for CSI measurement^CSIIs a fixed value that is predefined or high-level configured. In an exemplary embodiment, when the connected UE performs CSI measurement, the time domain resource length N for CSI measurement^CSIIs calculated according to a predefined or high-layer configured value and at least one of the following parameters: maximum number of repetitions in PDCCH configuration Rmax, PUSCH number of repetitions, PDSCH number of repetitions, DCI number of repetitions indicated in DCI, number of repetitions used to actually demodulate DCI, and downlink quality. The downlink quality may be a repetition number and/or an aggregation level required for the UE to demodulate the hypothetical (hypothetical) PDCCH, and further may be a downlink quality reported by the UE in message 3 of the random access procedure.

Wherein the predefined or higher-level configured values are configured separately for different types of NRSs, different Coverage Enhancement (CE) levels, or CE modes, or are the same.

When CSI measurement and/or CSI report is triggered by DCI, the maximum repetition number Rmax in PDCCH configuration is Rmax of a PDCCH which receives the DCI for triggering CSI measurement and/or CSI report, the PUSCH/PDSCH repetition number is the PUSCH/PDSCH repetition number scheduled in the DCI for triggering CSI measurement and/or CSI report, the DCI repetition number indicated in the DCI is the DCI repetition number indicated in the DCI for triggering CSI measurement and/or CSI report, and the repetition number used for actually demodulating the DCI is the repetition number used for demodulating the DCI for triggering CSI measurement and/or CSI report.

In a specific example, the UE measures a CSI measurement duration N according to a predefined or higher layer configuration^CSI ₀Calculating to obtain N^CSI＝N^CSI ₀Y, Y is at least one of: maximum number of repetitions in PDCCH configuration Rmax, PUSCH number of repetitions, PDSCH number of repetitions, DCI number of repetitions indicated in DCI, number of repetitions used to actually demodulate DCI, and downlink quality.

In an exemplary embodiment, the connected UE triggers CSI measurement when a first predetermined condition is met, and/or triggers CSI reporting when a second predetermined condition is met, where the first predetermined condition and/or the second predetermined condition includes at least one of:

receiving a signaling for indicating aperiodic CSI reporting;

RSRP is below or above a predetermined threshold;

the variation amplitude of the RSRP exceeds a preset threshold value;

coverage enhancement CE (coverage enhancement) level (level) or CE mode is below or above a predetermined threshold;

the magnitude of the change in CE level or CE pattern exceeds a predetermined threshold;

the measured CSI exceeds or falls below a predetermined threshold;

the measured change amplitude of the CSI exceeds a predetermined threshold

The specific number of repetitions is below or above a predetermined threshold;

the magnitude of the change for a particular number of repetitions exceeds a predetermined threshold.

Wherein the specific number of repetitions comprises at least one of: maximum number of repetitions in PDCCH configuration Rmax, PUSCH number of repetitions, PDSCH number of repetitions, DCI number of repetitions indicated in DCI, number of repetitions used to actually demodulate DCI, and downlink quality. The downlink quality may be a repetition number and/or an aggregation level required for the UE to demodulate the hypothetical (hypothetical) PDCCH, and further may be a downlink quality reported by the UE in message 3 of the random access procedure.

Wherein, the predetermined threshold value corresponding to each item is predefined or configured in a high layer, and comprises a value calculated according to the predefined or configured in the high layer and according to other parameters; the predetermined thresholds for each of the above may be configured differently and/or independently of each other.

Wherein the falling below or exceeding the predetermined threshold and/or the variation amplitude exceeding the predetermined threshold includes falling below or exceeding the predetermined threshold and/or the variation amplitude exceeding the predetermined threshold over N consecutive subframes, and further includes falling below or exceeding the predetermined threshold and/or the variation amplitude exceeding the predetermined threshold over N consecutive CSI measurements or N consecutive subframes for CSI measurement.

For the scenario that the DCI triggers CSI measurement and CSI reporting, sufficient time is needed to complete CSI measurement before CSI reporting is transmitted, and the value of the gap between the DCI used in the existing system and the corresponding data may not be long enough to complete CSI measurement. Therefore, it is also necessary to determine whether to perform CSI measurement and/or CSI reporting or to newly introduce a gap length long enough based on the length of the gap between the DCI indicated in the DCI and the corresponding data.

In an exemplary embodiment, the UE in a connected state triggers CSI measurement and/or CSI reporting after receiving DCI for indicating aperiodic CSI reporting, and further determines whether to perform CSI reporting and/or determines a time domain resource location for CSI reporting according to information indicated in the DCI.

In one exemplary embodiment, whether CSI measurement and/or CSI reporting is triggered is explicitly indicated by a specific field in DCI for indicating aperiodic CSI reporting. In another exemplary embodiment, the method for indicating whether to trigger CSI measurement and/or CSI reporting in DCI for aperiodic CSI reporting implicitly includes implicitly indicating whether to trigger CSI measurement and/or CSI reporting according to whether a value of a partial field in the DCI satisfies a predetermined condition.

In a specific example, a connected UE receives DCI for indicating aperiodic CSI reporting, where the DCI carries 1 bit for indicating whether to trigger CSI measurement and/or CSI reporting. In another specific example, a connected UE receives a DCI for indicating aperiodic CSI reporting, where a scheduling delay (scheduling delay) field in the DCI implicitly indicates triggering CSI measurement and/or CSI reporting when the value is greater than and/or equal to a given threshold, and otherwise implicitly indicates not triggering CSI measurement and/or CSI reporting.

In an exemplary embodiment, a connected UE receives DCI for indicating aperiodic CSI reporting, and the DCI indicates triggering CSI measurement and/or CSI reporting; if the interval from the time domain resource position for reporting the CSI indicated in the DCI to the time domain resource position for receiving the DCI is larger than and/or equal to a given threshold value, the connected-state UE triggers CSI measurement and/or CSI reporting, otherwise, the connected-state UE does not trigger the CSI measurement and/or the CSI reporting.

Wherein the given threshold value can be a fixed value of a predefined or high-level configuration, or can be calculated according to the predefined or high-level configuration and at least one of the following parameters: maximum number of repetitions in PDCCH configuration Rmax, PUSCH number of repetitions, PDSCH number of repetitions, DCI number of repetitions indicated in DCI, number of repetitions used to actually demodulate DCI, and downlink quality. The downlink quality may be a repetition number and/or an aggregation level required for the UE to demodulate the hypothetical (hypothetical) PDCCH, and further may be a downlink quality reported by the UE in message 3 of the random access procedure.

In a specific example, after receiving the DCI for indicating the aperiodic CSI report, the connected UE may determine that a scheduling delay (scheduling delay) indicated in the DCI is less than D_thresholdN Rmax, the connected UE does not trigger CSI measurement and/or CSI reporting, otherwise, if scheduling delay (scheduling delay) indicated in the DCI is greater than or equal to D_thresholdN Rmax, then the connected UE triggers CSI measurement and/or CSI report; wherein D_thresholdFor a predefined or higher configured value, N is a positive number.

In an exemplary embodiment, after receiving DCI for indicating aperiodic CSI reporting, a connected UE assumes that a new value set corresponding to CSI reporting is used for an interval between a time-domain resource location for CSI reporting indicated in the DCI and a time-domain resource location for receiving DCI; otherwise, after receiving other DCI which does not indicate aperiodic CSI reporting, the UE assumes that the interval between the time domain resource location indicated in the DCI and reported by the CSI to the time domain resource location receiving the DCI uses the value set in the existing system.

In a specific example, a connected UE receives DCI for indicating aperiodic CSI reporting, and if the DCI implicitly or explicitly indicates that CSI measurement and/or CSI reporting is not triggered, the scheduling delay indicated in the DCI uses a value set in the prior art, specifically, two tables are used for an FDD system and a TDD system in the prior art, and for {0, 1, 2, 3}4 states of the scheduling delay, the two tables respectively correspond to two sets of scheduling delay values of {8, 16, 32, 64} and {0, 8, 16, 32} one by one. Otherwise, if the DCI implicitly or explicitly indicates triggering CSI measurement and/or CSI reporting, the scheduling delay indicated in the DCI uses a new value set corresponding to CSI reporting, for example, two new tables are used for an FDD system and a TDD system, where 4 states of the scheduling delay {0, 1, 2, 3} respectively correspond to two groups of scheduling delay values of { X1, X2, X3, X4} and { Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4} one by one; the values in the two tables may be fixed, or may be derived according to other parameters, where the other parameters include at least one of the PDCCH maximum repetition number Rmax, the DCI repetition number indicated in the DCI, the PUSCH repetition number, and the PDSCH repetition number. For example, when the other parameter is the maximum PDCCH repetition number Rmax, the two tables are { X1 × Rmax, X2 × Rmax, X3 × Rmax, X4 × Rmax } and { Y1 × Rmax, Y2 × Rmax, Y3 × Rmax, Y4 × Rmax }.

Computer-executable instructions or programs for implementing the functions of embodiments of the present disclosure may be recorded on a computer-readable storage medium. The corresponding functions can be realized by causing a computer system to read the programs recorded on the recording medium and execute the programs. The term "computer system" as used herein may be a computer system embedded in the device and may include an operating system or hardware (e.g., peripheral devices). The "computer-readable storage medium" may be a semiconductor recording medium, an optical recording medium, a magnetic recording medium, a recording medium that stores a program for short-term dynamics, or any other recording medium that is readable by a computer.

Various features or functional blocks of the devices used in the above-described embodiments may be implemented or performed by circuitry (e.g., a single or multiple chip integrated circuits). Circuitry designed to perform the functions described herein may include a general purpose processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The circuit may be a digital circuit or an analog circuit. Where new integrated circuit technology has emerged as a replacement for existing integrated circuits due to advances in semiconductor technology, one or more embodiments of the present disclosure may also be implemented using such new integrated circuit technology.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present disclosure includes apparatus relating to performing one or more of the operations described in the present application. These devices may be specially designed and manufactured for the required purposes, or they may comprise known devices in general-purpose computers. These devices have stored therein computer programs that are selectively activated or reconfigured. Such a computer program may be stored in a device (e.g., computer) readable medium, including, but not limited to, any type of disk including floppy disks, hard disks, optical disks, CD-ROMs, and magnetic-optical disks, ROMs (Read-Only memories), RAMs (Random AcceSS memories), EPROMs (EraSable programmable Read-Only memories), EEPROMs (Electrically EraSable programmable Read-Only memories), flash memories, magnetic cards, or optical cards, or any type of media suitable for storing electronic instructions, and each coupled to a bus. That is, a readable medium includes any medium that stores or transmits information in a form readable by a device (e.g., a computer).

It will be understood by those within the art that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations, can be implemented by computer program instructions. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the computer program instructions may be implemented by a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, implement the aspects specified in the block or blocks of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations of the present disclosure.

Those of skill in the art will appreciate that the various operations, methods, steps in the processes, acts, or solutions discussed in the present disclosure may be interchanged, modified, combined, or eliminated. Further, other steps, measures, schemes in various operations, methods, flows that have been discussed in this disclosure may also be alternated, altered, rearranged, broken down, combined, or deleted. Further, steps, measures, schemes in the prior art having various operations, methods, procedures disclosed in the present disclosure may also be alternated, modified, rearranged, decomposed, combined, or deleted.

The foregoing is only a partial embodiment of the present disclosure, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present disclosure, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A transmission method in a wireless communication system in which there is a first system and a second system, the frequency domain resources used by the first system and the second system at least partially overlapping, the transmission method comprising in the first system:

acquiring information on the overlapped frequency domain resources;

determining overlapping frequency domain resources, the determined overlapping frequency domain resources comprising subcarrier level overlap; and

avoiding uplink transmissions and/or listening to downlink transmissions on the determined overlapping frequency domain resources.

2. The transmission method according to claim 1, wherein determining overlapping frequency domain resources comprises one or any combination of:

using predefined overlapping frequency domain resources;

3. The transmission method according to claim 1, wherein avoiding uplink transmission and/or listening to downlink transmission on the determined overlapping frequency domain resources comprises one of:

4. The transmission method according to claim 3, wherein the configuration of the frequency domain position of the RB start subcarrier includes at least one of the following information: whether a characteristic of adjusting a frequency domain position of a starting subcarrier is enabled, an offset of the frequency domain position of the starting subcarrier, a moving direction of the starting subcarrier, a range of RBs for adjusting the frequency domain position of the starting subcarrier, a type of the first system and/or the second system, a frequency domain resource position of the first system and/or the second system, a center frequency point or a DC subcarrier position of the first system and/or the second system, and whether all or a specific frequency domain resource of the first system and/or the second system includes a DC subcarrier.

5. The transmission method according to claim 3, wherein shifting the frequency domain position of the RB according to the determined configuration of overlapping frequency domain resources and/or frequency domain positions of RB starting sub-carriers comprises:

6. A transmission method in a wireless communication system in which there is a first system and a second system, the first system and the second system using time-frequency resources that at least partially overlap, the transmission method comprising in the first system:

acquiring configuration information, wherein the configuration information comprises: a pattern of particular signals/channels, the pattern comprising at least a portion of overlapping time-frequency resources; the configuration information further includes: information on overlapping time-frequency resources, and/or indication information, wherein the indication information comprises: information that does not monitor the downlink transmission of the specific signal/channel and/or information that does not send the uplink transmission of the specific signal/channel; and

performing at least one of:

according to the acquired configuration information, not monitoring the downlink transmission of the specific signal/channel; and/or

No uplink transmission of the particular signal/channel is sent.

7. The transmission method of claim 6, wherein the specific signal/channel is a PT-RS.

8. A transmission method in a wireless communication system in which there are a first system and a second system, frequency domain resources used by the first system and the second system at least partially overlap, and there is a periodically transmitted uplink or downlink signal in the second system, the method comprising in the first system:

acquiring information on overlapped frequency domain resources and acquiring information on resource positions occupied by the uplink or downlink signals transmitted periodically in the second system; and

avoiding uplink transmission and/or monitoring downlink transmission at resource locations occupied by the uplink or downlink signals in the second system.

9. The transmission method according to claim 8, wherein the first system is an NR system, the second system is an LTE-MTC system, and wherein the information on resource locations occupied by the uplink or downlink signals of the periodic transmission in the second system comprises at least one of:

10. The transmission method of claim 8, wherein the first system is an NR system and the second system is an NB-IoT system, and wherein the information about resource locations occupied by the uplink or downlink signals of the periodic transmission in the second system comprises at least one of:

an LTE cell ID, an LTE system frame number, an LTE or NB-IoT system bandwidth, a frequency domain location of an NB-IoT anchor carrier, a frequency domain location of an NB-IoT non-anchor carrier, whether an anchor carrier or a non-anchor carrier overlaps with NR, an NB-IoT deployment scenario of TDD or FDD, a transmission time domain and/or frequency domain resource location of SIB1, whether there is an additional S1B1 transmission in the NB-IoT system, a time domain and/or frequency domain resource location used by an additional SIB1 transmission, an NRS transmission location on an NB-IoT non-anchor carrier.

11. The transmission method of claim 10, wherein the information about NRS transmission location on NB-IoT non-anchor carriers comprises at least one of: a subframe for transmitting NRS in NB-IoT system, paging search space configuration information on NB-IoT non-anchor carrier, paging PDCCH candidate time-frequency resource location information on NB-IoT non-anchor carrier, Type-2 common search space configuration information for Random Access Response (RAR), Type-1A (Type-1A) and Type-2A (Type-2A) PDCCH configuration information, resource location of PDSCH of message 4(Msg4), resource location of PDSCH scheduled in G-RNTI or SC-RNTI scrambled DCI, characteristic of whether NB-IoT supports release 16 introduced NRS transmission when NPDCCH is not transmitted on non-anchor carrier, NRS configuration information introduced by the release 16 characteristic.

12. A transmission method in a wireless communication system in which a first system and a second system exist, the method comprising, in the first system:

acquiring the association relation between a first signal/channel in a first system and a second signal/channel in a second system, and determining at least one of the following according to the association relation and a predefined criterion: the first system comprises a resource range of first signal/channel transmission, and the second system comprises a resource range of second signal/channel transmission;

transmitting a first signal/channel only within the resource range of said first signal/channel transmission; and

listening for the second signal/channel.

13. The transmission method according to claim 12, wherein the association comprises at least one of: the location of the time-frequency resource used for transmission of the first signal/channel, the location of the time-frequency resource used for transmission of the second signal/channel, the mapping relationship of the antenna ports of the first signal/channel and the second signal/channel, the information of the precoder of the first signal/channel and the second signal/channel, and the power offset of the first signal/channel and the second signal/channel.

14. A radio node in a wireless communication system, comprising:

a processor; and

a memory storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform the method of any of claims 1-13.

15. A computer readable medium having stored thereon instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 13.