CN111525771A - High-acceleration high-stability high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation vehicle system - Google Patents
High-acceleration high-stability high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation vehicle system Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002887 superconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
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- 229910021521 yttrium barium copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K41/00—Propulsion systems in which a rigid body is moved along a path due to dynamo-electric interaction between the body and a magnetic field travelling along the path
- H02K41/02—Linear motors; Sectional motors
- H02K41/03—Synchronous motors; Motors moving step by step; Reluctance motors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L13/00—Electric propulsion for monorail vehicles, suspension vehicles or rack railways; Magnetic suspension or levitation for vehicles
- B60L13/10—Combination of electric propulsion and magnetic suspension or levitation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
- H01F6/04—Cooling
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
- H01F6/06—Coils, e.g. winding, insulating, terminating or casing arrangements therefor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N15/00—Holding or levitation devices using magnetic attraction or repulsion, not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The train system comprises a train body, an electric brush arranged on the train body, a low-temperature refrigeration container arranged at the bottom of the train body, a plurality of rows of high-temperature superconducting coils arranged in the low-temperature refrigeration container and a refrigeration system used for cooling the plurality of rows of high-temperature superconducting coils; the track system comprises a track main body, a plurality of rows of power coils and a plurality of rows of suspension guide coils; in the direction perpendicular to the advancing direction of the vehicle body, the multiple rows of high-temperature superconducting coils, the multiple rows of power coils and the multiple rows of suspension guide coils are all symmetrical to the central axis of the vehicle body, the power coils and the high-temperature superconducting coils are arranged in a staggered mode, and the multiple rows of suspension guide coils are distributed on two sides of the multiple rows of high-temperature superconducting coils. The superconducting magnetic levitation train system with the structure can effectively improve the utilization rate of a magnetic field and the power density of a motor, and the train can have higher stability in ultra-high-speed operation.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of maglev trains, specifically provides a high-acceleration high-stability high-temperature superconducting maglev train system.
Background
The linear motor is an important device of a high-speed magnetic suspension train driving system, and comprises a stator fixed on the ground and a rotor fixed on a train, so that electric energy can be directly converted into mechanical energy of linear motion without other conversion equipment in the running process of the train. Compared with the traditional rotating motor, the linear motor has the characteristics of simple structure, easy maintenance, no contact, low noise and capability of controlling the speed more accurately.
In recent years, with the increasing demands for high thrust, high precision and operation stability of the linear motor of the high-speed maglev train driving system, more and more experts are paying attention to and researching the development and improvement of the linear motor.
On the other hand, with the continuous development and progress of superconductor material preparation technology and cryogenic refrigeration technology, the high-temperature superconducting linear motor is expected to be widely applied to ultra-high-speed magnetic suspension trains in the future. Because the high-temperature superconductor has the characteristics of zero resistance and capability of bearing large current, when the high-temperature superconductor is applied to a high-power motor, the volume of the motor becomes smaller, the mass becomes lighter and the efficiency becomes higher under the same power level.
At present, the high-temperature superconducting linear motor is applied to a magnetic suspension train, the highest running speed of the high-temperature superconducting linear motor is a Japanese high-speed magnetic suspension train, and the highest running speed of the high-temperature superconducting linear motor can reach 603km/h in the running process. However, with the increasing demand of people for transportation speed, experts and scholars in the United states, China and the like propose the development and development of ultra-high speed trains of over 1000 km/h. These concepts and plans place demands for higher speeds and higher thrust on existing maglev train drive systems, which have the following disadvantages:
1. the single linear motor which needs larger propelling force meets the speed per hour requirement of the current ultra-high speed train;
2. the linear motor with larger normal stability is required to meet the stability requirement of the ultrahigh-speed operation of the magnetic suspension train;
3. the secondary magnet of the motor can generate redundant magnetic leakage, and the utilization rate of the magnetic field is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of the background art, the present disclosure provides a high-temperature superconducting maglev train system with high acceleration and high stability, which includes a train system and a track system, wherein the train system includes a train body, an electric brush arranged on the train body, a low-temperature refrigeration container arranged at the bottom of the train body, a plurality of rows of high-temperature superconducting coils arranged in the low-temperature refrigeration container, and a refrigeration system for cooling the plurality of rows of high-temperature superconducting coils; the track system comprises a track main body, a plurality of rows of power coils and a plurality of rows of suspension guide coils; in the direction perpendicular to the advancing direction of the vehicle body, the multiple rows of high-temperature superconducting coils, the multiple rows of power coils and the multiple rows of suspension guide coils are all symmetrical to the central axis of the vehicle body; in a direction perpendicular to the traveling direction of the vehicle body, one row of the power coils is arranged between two adjacent rows of the high-temperature superconducting coils, one row of the high-temperature superconducting coils is arranged between two adjacent rows of the power coils, and the multiple rows of the levitation guide coils are distributed on two sides of the multiple rows of the high-temperature superconducting coils; and a gap is formed between each row of the high-temperature superconducting coils and the adjacent power coils and/or the suspension guide coils in the direction perpendicular to the traveling direction of the vehicle body.
Optionally, the track system comprises at least three rows of the power coils, two rows of the at least three rows of the power coils are side power coils, and the other parts of the at least three rows of the power coils are middle power coils; all the side power coils and all the middle power coils are distributed along the direction perpendicular to the advancing direction of the vehicle body, and two rows of the side power coils are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the track main body.
Optionally, each row of the levitation guide coils comprises an upper coil and a lower coil, and the axes of the upper coil, the lower coil, the power coil and the high-temperature superconducting coil are perpendicular to the vertical direction and the direction of travel of the vehicle body.
Optionally, the high-temperature superconducting coil is energized with direct current in a state that the superconducting maglev train system is in operation, and thus the high-temperature superconducting coil is caused to generate a first magnetic field; the side power coils and the middle power coils are energized with sine alternating current in the working state of the superconducting maglev train system, so that the side power coils and the middle power coils jointly generate a second magnetic field changing along a sine track, and the vehicle body can be driven to move when the second magnetic field acts on the first magnetic field; the upper coil and the lower coil are both electrified with sine alternating current in the working state of the superconducting maglev train system, so that the upper coil and the lower coil respectively generate a third magnetic field changing along a sine track, and when the third magnetic field acts on the first magnetic field, the vehicle body can be prevented from shaking left and right, and the vehicle body is guided; the current directions of the upper coil and the lower coil which are aligned in the vertical direction are opposite to each other, and therefore a fourth magnetic field which changes along a sinusoidal track is generated between the upper coil and the lower coil, and the fourth magnetic field can provide buoyancy for the vehicle body when acting on the first magnetic field.
Optionally, the track body includes a support base, side beams disposed on left and right sides of the support base, a middle beam disposed in a middle of the support base, side winding substrates disposed on the side beams, and a middle winding substrate disposed on the middle beam, the side power coils and the levitation guide coils are fixedly connected to the side winding substrates, and the middle power coils are fixedly connected to the middle winding substrate.
Optionally, the refrigeration system comprises a GM refrigerator; and/or the train system also comprises an insulating layer for insulating the low-temperature refrigeration container.
Optionally, the high-temperature superconducting coil is a racetrack coil wound by a strip-shaped superconductor material; and/or the power coil and the suspension guide coil are both runway coils formed by winding linear or strip copper.
Optionally, the superconductor material is Bi-2223 or YBCO.
Optionally, the front end of the portion of the low-temperature refrigeration container embedded in the gap is provided with a streamline structure.
Optionally, a plurality of wires electrically connected with the power coil and the levitation guide coil are arranged on the track main body; the vehicle body is provided with an electric brush which is in sliding contact with the electric wire below the vehicle body and at least one electric wire in front of the vehicle body, so that the train system can provide electric energy for ensuring the running of the train system to the track system through the electric brush.
Preferably, the selected superconductor material is a Bi-2223 or YBCO coated superconducting tape, and the electric field strength E and the current density J of the high temperature superconductor have a non-linear relationship expressed as:
wherein, JcIs the standard electric field strength, EcIs the critical current density, and h is a parameter representing the degree of nonlinearity of the high temperature superconductor.
Further modified derivation of equation (1) can obtain the equivalent conductivity σ of the high-temperature superconductor:
synchronous speed upsilon of operation of high-temperature superconducting linear synchronous motor0Comprises the following steps:
υ0＝2τf (3)
wherein tau is the polar distance of the high-temperature superconducting linear synchronous motor, and f is the working frequency.
The force of unit volume of carrier fluid in the traveling wave magnetic field is as follows:
F＝J×B (4)
wherein B represents the magnetic induction of a traveling wave magnetic field.
The secondary high-temperature superconducting coil magnet of the high-thrust high-temperature superconducting linear motor is subjected to the same electromagnetic force of traveling wave magnetic fields generated by three-phase currents of primary windings on two sides, and the electromagnetic thrust is as follows:
the high-thrust high-temperature superconducting linear motor can be additionally provided with M rows of high-temperature superconducting coils according to the actual situation, each row is provided with N runway type high-temperature superconducting coil magnets, the linear motor is composed of M +1 rows of power coils, 2M rows of electromagnetic coupling spaces are generated during operation to drive a train to run, and the electromagnetic force generated by (M is more than or equal to 2 and is a positive integer) is as follows:
wherein, the integral range includes the whole current carrying area, the relative magnetic permeability mu of the default material in the formula is 1, and B can be expressed by using the relative magnetic permeability mu according to the difference between the material and the vacuum degree in the actual situation. The characteristics of high magnetic field utilization rate, compact and strong structure, stability and high acceleration generated by high thrust of the high-acceleration high-stability high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation vehicle system can be embodied from the formula.
In the aspect of drive control, the high-temperature superconducting synchronous linear motor is a strongly coupled nonlinear system, a three-phase primary winding can be represented by an infinite thin current layer on the surface, and the space-time expression of the current layer is as follows:
wherein, IaThe current effective value of the three-phase alternating current; c represents the number of phases; τ represents the pole pitch; y isωIs a parameter related to the three-phase primary winding material; g1Representing the number of turns of the single-phase winding; p represents the number of pole pairs.
The mathematical equation under the dq axis in the two-way rotation coordinate system is as follows:
dq voltage current mathematical model:
the flux linkage equation is:
mechanical equation of motion:
in the formula, FfRepresenting the load resistance; s represents a viscous friction coefficient; u. ofd、uqRepresenting stator winding d, q axis voltages; i.e. id、iqRepresenting d and q axis currents of the stator winding; a represents a differential operator;
representing the dq-axis component of the stator flux linkage; omegarAnd υ denotes angular velocity and linear velocity.
Based on the foregoing description, it can be understood by those skilled in the art that, in the foregoing technical solutions of the present disclosure, by arranging a plurality of rows of high-temperature superconducting coils on a train system, and arranging a plurality of rows of power coils and levitation guidance coils on a track system, and by having a row of power coils between two adjacent rows of high-temperature superconducting coils in a direction perpendicular to the traveling direction of a train body, a magnetic field generated by a certain row of power coils can act on two rows of high-temperature superconducting coils at the same time, so that the utilization rate of the magnetic field of the power coils is improved. Furthermore, in the direction perpendicular to the advancing direction of the vehicle body, one row of high-temperature superconducting coils is arranged between two adjacent rows of power coils, so that a magnetic field generated by each row of high-temperature superconducting coils can act on the two rows of power coils simultaneously, and the utilization rate of the magnetic field of the high-temperature superconducting coils is improved. Furthermore, in the direction perpendicular to the advancing direction of the train body, a plurality of rows of suspension guide coils are distributed on two sides of a plurality of rows of high-temperature superconducting coils, so that a magnetic field generated by the suspension guide coils can act on the high-temperature superconducting coils, and buoyancy and guiding force are provided for a train system. Therefore, the magnetic suspension train system can effectively improve the utilization rate of the magnetic field, thereby providing greater thrust for the train and enabling the train to have higher running speed.
As can be further understood by those skilled in the art, in the direction perpendicular to the traveling direction of the train body, by arranging one row of high-temperature superconducting coils between two adjacent rows of power coils, the magnetic field generated by each row of high-temperature superconducting coils can act on the two rows of power coils simultaneously, the force applied to the train system in the normal direction (left-right direction) can be effectively offset, and the stability of the train system in a high-speed running state can be ensured.
Furthermore, each row of suspension guide coils comprises an upper coil and a lower coil, and the axes of the upper coil, the lower coil, the power coil and the high-temperature superconducting coil are perpendicular to the vertical direction and the advancing direction of the train body, so that all the coils in the superconducting magnetic levitation train system are sequentially arranged along the left and right directions of the train, and the arrangement mode of the coils is optimized.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, the high-temperature superconducting coil is energized with direct current in a state where the superconducting maglev train system is operating, and thus the high-temperature superconducting coil is caused to generate the first magnetic field; the side power coils and the middle power coil are both electrified with sine alternating current in the working state of the superconducting magnetic levitation train system, so that the side power coils and the middle power coil jointly generate a second magnetic field changing along a sine track, and the vehicle body can be driven to move when the second magnetic field acts on the first magnetic field; the upper coil and the lower coil are both electrified with sine alternating current in the working state of the superconducting magnetic levitation train system, so that the upper coil and the lower coil respectively generate a third magnetic field changing along a sine track, and when the third magnetic field acts on the first magnetic field, the vehicle body can be prevented from shaking left and right, and the vehicle body can be guided; the upper coil and the lower coil aligned in the vertical direction have current directions opposite to each other, and thus a fourth magnetic field varying along a sinusoidal trajectory is generated between the upper coil and the lower coil, and the fourth magnetic field can provide buoyancy to the vehicle body when acting on the first magnetic field. Therefore, the method and the device can control the traveling speed of the train system by controlling the change frequency of the alternating current on the track system, and the control mode is simpler.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the normal force is counteracted by constructing a plurality of electromagnetic coupling structures of the bilateral linear motors, and simultaneously, the mechanical stability of the magnetic suspension train is improved, so that the magnetic suspension train can more stably run under the condition of ultra-high speed running;
2. by adding the middle side beam wall winding, a bilateral multi-air-gap electromagnetic coupling structure is constructed, and the magnetic utilization rate of the secondary high-temperature superconducting magnet is increased;
3. by increasing the utilization rate of the superconducting strong magnetic field and combining and increasing a plurality of air gap electromagnetic coupling structures, the power density of the motor is improved, and the linear motor generates larger electromagnetic thrust to enable the magnetic suspension train to obtain higher acceleration;
4. the high critical current density enables the high-temperature superconducting coil magnet to generate a magnetic field which is higher than that of a traditional winding, the traditional iron core structure is omitted, the quality of a magnetic suspension train is reduced, and the efficiency of the motor is improved;
5. the train is conducted for bottom track coil three-phase alternating current through setting up the brush to avoid other not coil circular telegrams that pass through to lead to a large amount of power loss, saved complicated multistage guide rail coil control structure, stability and reliability when having improved the power supply.
Drawings
Some embodiments of the disclosure are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a superconducting maglev train system according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the distribution effect of a part of coils in the first embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of a superconducting maglev train system according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of a positional relationship between brushes on the bottom of a vehicle body and coils on a track system in a second embodiment of the present disclosure.
List of reference numerals:
1. a train system; 11. a vehicle body; 12. a cryogenic refrigeration vessel; 13. a high temperature superconducting coil; 14. a GM refrigerator; 15. a heat-insulating layer; 16. an electric brush;
2. a rail system; 21. a rail body; 211. a support base; 212. a side beam; 213. a middle beam; 214. a side winding substrate; 215. a middle winding substrate; 22. a power coil; 221. a side power coil; 222. a middle power coil; 23. a levitation guide coil; 231. an upper coil; 232. a lower coil;
3. a gap.
Detailed Description
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described below are only a part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, not all of the embodiments of the present disclosure, and the part of the embodiments are intended to explain the technical principles of the present disclosure and not to limit the scope of the present disclosure. All other embodiments that can be derived by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments provided in the disclosure without inventive faculty should still fall within the scope of the disclosure.
It should be noted that in the description of the present disclosure, the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like, which indicate directions or positional relationships, are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are merely for convenience of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present disclosure. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of the present disclosure, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as being fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present disclosure can be understood by those skilled in the art as appropriate.
In a first embodiment of the present disclosure:
as shown in fig. 1, the superconducting maglev train system of the present embodiment includes a train system 1 and a track system 2, and the bottom of the train system 1 is embedded in the track system 2. In the operation process of the superconducting maglev train system, a gap 3 is formed between the train system 1 and the track system 2 in the horizontal direction, and a height gap (not shown) is formed in the vertical direction. In other words, during operation of the superconducting maglev train system, the train system 1 is levitated on the track system 2.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the train system 1 includes a train body 11, a low-temperature refrigeration container 12 provided at the bottom of the train body 11, two rows of high-temperature superconducting coils 13 provided in the low-temperature refrigeration container 12, a GM refrigerator 14 as a refrigeration system, and an insulating layer 15 that insulates the low-temperature refrigeration container 12. Wherein, the low temperature refrigeration container 12 is fixedly connected with the vehicle body 11 or is integrally manufactured, and can support the weight of the vehicle body 11 and the self. As can be seen from fig. 1, the cryogenic containers 12 are arranged in two rows, and each row of cryogenic containers 12 is provided with a row of high-temperature superconducting coils 13.
Alternatively, the front end of the portion of the cryogenic refrigeration container 12 inserted into the gap 3 is provided with a streamlined structure in order to reduce wind resistance and wind noise of the cryogenic refrigeration container 12. The fairing may be a fish-shaped structure or a bullet structure.
Although shown explicitly, the high temperature superconducting coil 13 is preferably a racetrack coil wound from a tape of superconducting material to facilitate ease of fabrication, manufacture, and installation of the high temperature superconducting coil 13. Further preferably, the superconductor material is Bi-2223 or YBCO (yttrium barium copper oxide).
With continued reference to fig. 1, a GM refrigerator 14 is mounted to the cart body 11 and/or the cryogenic container 12, the GM refrigerator 14 being configured to provide cooling energy to the cryogenic container 12 to cool the high temperature superconducting coil 13 such that the high temperature superconducting coil 13 operates in a superconducting state.
It should be noted that GM refrigerators are invented by Gifford (Gifford) and mcmahon (Macmahon), and the principle is to realize refrigeration by simon expansion (adiabatic air release principle), and the ideal thermodynamic cycle can be divided into 4 processes: adiabatic pressure rise, isobaric air admission, adiabatic air bleed, and isobaric air bleed. The GM refrigerator mainly comprises a compressor unit (comprising a helium compressor, a low-pressure gas storage tank, a high-pressure gas storage tank and a cooler), an expander (comprising a cylinder and a push piston), a gas distribution mechanism (comprising a driving mechanism, an air inlet valve and an air outlet valve), a regenerator and a cold head heat exchanger. Since GM refrigerators are one type of equipment familiar to those skilled in the art, they will not be described herein in any greater detail.
Continuing to refer to fig. 1, heat preservation 15 sets up between automobile body 11 and low temperature refrigeration container 12, can completely cut off automobile body 11 and low temperature refrigeration container 12, not only can keep warm to low temperature refrigeration container 12, can also avoid the interior temperature of automobile body 11 to hang down excessively, influences driver and crew's the experience of taking. Of course, in the case of insulating the cryogenic container 12, the skilled person can also provide the insulating layer 15 in any other feasible form, for example, the insulating layer 15 is wrapped outside the cryogenic container 12, or embedded inside the cryogenic container 12 and completely covers the inner surface of the cryogenic container 12, as required.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the track system 2 includes a track body 21, a plurality of rows of power coils 22, and a plurality of rows of levitation guide coils 23. The power coil 22 and the levitation guide coil 23 are each a racetrack coil wound with copper in a linear or ribbon shape.
As shown in fig. 1, the rail main body 21 has a symmetrical structure, and specifically, the rail main body 21 is symmetrical in the horizontal direction with respect to a center axis of the vehicle body 11 (the center axis is parallel to the traveling direction of the vehicle body 11 when traveling straight). The rail main body 21 includes a support base 211, side beams 212 provided on left and right sides of the support base 211, a middle beam 213 provided in a middle of the support base 211, side winding substrates 214 provided on the side beams 212, and a middle winding substrate 215 provided on the middle beam 213. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the various components of the track body 21 may be fixedly connected together or may be integrally formed.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the track system 2 includes three columns of power coils 22, and two of the three columns of power coils 22 are side power coils 221 and another of the three columns of power coils 22 is middle power coil 222. Where side power coils 221 are fixedly mounted to side winding base plate 214 and middle power coil 222 is fixedly mounted to middle winding base plate 215.
As shown in fig. 1, each row of the levitation guide coils 23 includes a row of upper coils 231 and a row of lower coils 232, and the upper coils 231 and the lower coils 232 are aligned one by one in the vertical direction.
As can be seen from fig. 1, the axes (dotted lines shown in fig. 1) of the upper coil 231, the lower coil 232, the side power coils 221, the middle power coil 222, and the high-temperature superconducting coil 13 are perpendicular to the vertical direction and the direction in which the vehicle body 11 travels. That is, the axes of the upper coil 231, the lower coil 232, the side power coils 221, the middle power coil 222, and the high-temperature superconducting coil 13 are all parallel to the left-right direction shown in fig. 1. And gaps 3 are formed between the low-temperature refrigeration container 12 and the adjacent power coils 22 and/or suspension guide coils 23 in the left-right direction, so that the low-temperature refrigeration container 12 is ensured not to collide with coils on the track system 2 in the running process of the train system 1.
During operation of the superconducting maglev train system, the high-temperature superconducting coil 13 is energized with direct current, and thus the high-temperature superconducting coil 13 is caused to generate a first magnetic field. The side power coils 221 and the middle power coil 222 are energized with sinusoidal alternating current, and therefore the side power coils 221 and the middle power coil 222 jointly generate a second magnetic field which changes along a sinusoidal track, and the second magnetic field can drive the train system 1 to move when acting on the first magnetic field. The upper coil 231 and the lower coil 231 are both supplied with sinusoidal alternating current, and therefore the upper coil 231 and the lower coil 232 respectively generate a third magnetic field which changes along a sinusoidal track, and when the third magnetic field acts on the first magnetic field, the left-right shaking of the vehicle body 11 can be prevented, and the vehicle body 11 is guided. The two upper coils 231 and the lower coils 232 aligned with each other in the vertical direction have current directions opposite to each other, and thus a fourth magnetic field varying along a sinusoidal trajectory is generated between the upper coils 231 and the lower coils 232, and the fourth magnetic field can provide buoyancy to the train system 1 when acting on the first magnetic field.
As can be understood by those skilled in the art, since the side power coils 221, the middle power coil 222, the upper coil 231, and the lower coil 232 are simultaneously adapted to one high temperature superconducting coil 13 in the left-right direction shown in fig. 1, the frequencies of the alternating currents passed through the side power coils 221, the middle power coil 222, the upper coil 231, and the lower coil 232 are the same and synchronized to simultaneously provide the driving force, the buoyancy, and the guiding force to the high temperature superconducting coil 13, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the train system 1.
Further, although not shown in the drawings, in the present embodiment, the plurality of side power coils 221 in the same column are connected in parallel with each other, the middle power coils 222 in the same column are connected in parallel with each other, the upper coils 231 in the same column are connected in parallel with each other, and the lower coils 232 in the same column are connected in parallel with each other, so that each side power coil 221, each middle power coil 222, each upper coil 231, and each lower coil 232 generate a magnetic field adapted to the magnetic field shown in fig. 2, respectively, to provide the train system 1 with driving force, buoyancy, and guiding force.
It can also be understood by those skilled in the art that the higher the frequency of the alternating current is, the faster the train system 1 travels during the traveling of the train system 1.
Based on the foregoing description, it can be understood by those skilled in the art that by having one row of power coils 22 between two adjacent rows of high-temperature superconducting coils 13, the magnetic field generated by one row of power coils 22 can act on two rows of high-temperature superconducting coils 13 simultaneously, and the utilization rate of the magnetic field of the power coils is improved. By arranging one row of high-temperature superconducting coils 13 between two adjacent rows of power coils 22, the magnetic field generated by each row of high-temperature superconducting coils 13 can act on the two rows of power coils 22 simultaneously, and the utilization rate of the magnetic field of the high-temperature superconducting coils 13 is improved. Therefore, the magnetic suspension train system can effectively improve the utilization rate of the magnetic field, thereby providing greater thrust for the train and enabling the train to have higher running speed.
Further, in the first embodiment of the present disclosure, the selected superconductor material is a Bi-2223 or YBCO coated superconducting tape, and the electric field strength E and the current density J of the high temperature superconductor have a non-linear relationship expressed as:
wherein, JcIs the standard electric field strength, EcIs the critical current density, and h is a parameter representing the degree of nonlinearity of the high temperature superconductor.
Further modified derivation of equation (1) can obtain the equivalent conductivity σ of the high-temperature superconductor:
synchronous speed upsilon of operation of high-temperature superconducting linear synchronous motor0Comprises the following steps:
υ0＝2τf (3)
wherein tau is the polar distance of the high-temperature superconducting linear synchronous motor, and f is the working frequency.
The force of unit volume of carrier fluid in the traveling wave magnetic field is as follows:
F＝J×B (4)
wherein B represents the magnetic induction of a traveling wave magnetic field.
The secondary high-temperature superconducting coil magnet of the high-thrust high-temperature superconducting linear motor is subjected to the same electromagnetic force of traveling wave magnetic fields generated by three-phase currents of primary windings on two sides, and the electromagnetic thrust is as follows:
the high-thrust high-temperature superconducting linear motor can be additionally provided with M rows of high-temperature superconducting coils according to the actual situation, each row is provided with N runway type high-temperature superconducting coil magnets, the linear motor is composed of M +1 rows of power coils, 2M rows of electromagnetic coupling spaces are generated during operation to drive a train to run, and the electromagnetic force generated by (M is more than or equal to 2 and is a positive integer) is as follows:
wherein the range of integration includes the entire current carrying region, and the relative permeability μ of the default material in the formula is 1. The characteristics of high magnetic field utilization rate, compact and strong structure, stability and high acceleration generated by high thrust of the high-acceleration high-stability high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation vehicle system can be embodied from the formula.
In the aspect of drive control, the high-temperature superconducting synchronous linear motor is a strongly coupled nonlinear system, a three-phase primary winding can be represented by an infinite thin current layer on the surface, and the space-time expression of the current layer is as follows:
wherein, IaThe current effective value of the three-phase alternating current; c represents the number of phases; τ represents the pole pitch; y isωIs a parameter related to the three-phase primary winding material; g1Representing the number of turns of the single-phase winding; p represents the number of pole pairs.
The mathematical equation under the dq axis in the two-way rotation coordinate system is as follows:
dq voltage current mathematical model:
the flux linkage equation is:
mechanical equation of motion:
in the formula, FfRepresenting the load resistance; s represents a viscous friction coefficient; u. ofd、uqRepresenting stator winding d, q axis voltages; i.e. id、iqRepresenting d and q axis currents of the stator winding; a represents a differential operator;
representing the dq-axis component of the stator flux linkage; omegarAnd υ denotes angular velocity and linear velocity.
In a second embodiment of the disclosure:
as shown in fig. 2, the difference from the first embodiment shown in fig. 1 is that the high-temperature superconducting coils 13 of the present embodiment are four rows, and the central beam 213, the central winding substrate 215, and the central power coils 222 are all three rows.
Based on the first and second embodiments described above, a person skilled in the art may set the high-temperature superconducting coils 13 on the train system 1 in any other number of rows, for example, 6 rows, 8 rows, 9 rows, etc., as necessary. And the power coils 22 and the levitation guide coils 23 on the track system 2 are adaptively adjusted according to the number of rows of the high-temperature superconducting coils 13.
In a third embodiment of the present disclosure:
as shown in fig. 4, in order to reduce the electric control cost of the superconducting maglev train system, the present embodiment modifies the first embodiment and/or the second embodiment as follows:
a plurality of electric wires electrically connected to the power coil 22 and the levitation guide coil 23 are provided on the track main body 21, and a brush 16 is provided on the bottom of the vehicle body 11, and the brush 16 is brought into sliding contact with the electric wire under the vehicle body 11 and at least one electric wire in front, so that the train system 1 can supply electric power for ensuring its operation to the track system 2 through the brush 16. In other words, the train system 1 can be electrically connected to and in contact with the coil (the coil on the track system 2) located directly below the train body 11 through the brush 16, so that only a part of the coils on the track can be ensured to be energized, and unnecessary electric energy waste caused by energizing other primary winding coils which do not play a role can be avoided. Meanwhile, the work of arranging a plurality of switches on the track (the situation of controlling whether the coil on each guide rail is electrified) can be avoided, and the complex control logic during the sectional power supply of the track coil is saved. The stability and the reliability of the train in operation are improved.
Illustratively, two electric wires (one being a positive electrode and one being a negative electrode) are commonly arranged for one side power coil 221, one middle power coil 222, one upper coil 231, and one lower coil 232 corresponding to the left-right direction (the left-right direction as viewed in fig. 1). The brushes on the vehicle body 11 are brought into sliding contact with all the wires below the vehicle body 11 and the two nearest wires (one positive electrode and one negative electrode) in front.
Finally, each of the column coils described in the present disclosure is formed by sequentially arranging a plurality of coils.
Based on the foregoing description, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present disclosure may enable the train system 1 to obtain greater electromagnetic thrust and operating speed by increasing the number of rows of high temperature superconducting coils 13, side power coils 221, middle power coils 222, and gaps 3.
So far, the technical solutions of the present disclosure have been described in connection with the foregoing embodiments, but it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to only these specific embodiments. The technical solutions in the above embodiments can be split and combined, and equivalent changes or substitutions can be made on related technical features by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present disclosure, and any changes, equivalents, improvements, and the like made within the technical concept and/or technical principles of the present disclosure will fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. The superconducting magnetic levitation train system is characterized by comprising a train system and a track system.
The train system comprises a train body, an electric brush arranged on the train body, a low-temperature refrigeration container arranged at the bottom of the train body, a plurality of rows of high-temperature superconducting coils arranged in the low-temperature refrigeration container and a refrigeration system for cooling the plurality of rows of high-temperature superconducting coils;
the track system comprises a track main body, a plurality of rows of power coils and a plurality of rows of suspension guide coils;
in the direction perpendicular to the advancing direction of the vehicle body, the multiple rows of high-temperature superconducting coils, the multiple rows of power coils and the multiple rows of suspension guide coils are all symmetrical to the central axis of the vehicle body;
in the direction perpendicular to the advancing direction of the vehicle body, one row of the power coils is arranged between two adjacent rows of the high-temperature superconducting coils, one row of the high-temperature superconducting coils is arranged between two adjacent rows of the power coils, and the multiple rows of the suspension guide coils are distributed on two sides of the multiple rows of the high-temperature superconducting coils;
in the direction perpendicular to the travelling direction of the vehicle body, a gap is formed between each column of the high-temperature superconducting coils and the adjacent power coil and/or the suspension guide coil.
2. The superconducting maglev train system of claim 1, wherein the rail system comprises at least three rows of the power coils, two of the at least three rows of the power coils being side power coils, the other of the at least three rows of the power coils being middle power coils;
all the side power coils and all the middle power coils are distributed along the direction perpendicular to the advancing direction of the vehicle body, and the two rows of the side power coils are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the track main body.
3. The superconducting maglev train system of claim 2, wherein each column of levitation guide coils comprises an upper coil and a lower coil, the axes of the upper coil, the lower coil, the power coil, and the high temperature superconducting coil being perpendicular to a vertical direction and a direction of travel of the vehicle body.
4. The superconducting maglev train system of claim 3, wherein the high temperature superconducting coil is energized with direct current in a state of operation of the superconducting maglev train system and thereby causes the high temperature superconducting coil to generate a first magnetic field;
the side power coils and the middle power coil are both electrified with sine alternating current in the working state of the superconducting maglev train system, so that the side power coils and the middle power coil jointly generate a second magnetic field changing along a sine track, and the vehicle body can be driven to move when the second magnetic field acts on the first magnetic field;
the upper coil and the lower coil are both electrified with sine alternating current in the working state of the superconducting magnetic levitation train system, so that the upper coil and the lower coil respectively generate a third magnetic field changing along a sine track, and when the third magnetic field acts on the first magnetic field, the vehicle body can be prevented from shaking left and right, and the vehicle body can be guided;
the upper coil and the lower coil aligned in the vertical direction have current directions opposite to each other, and thus a fourth magnetic field varying along a sinusoidal trajectory is generated between the upper coil and the lower coil, and the fourth magnetic field is capable of providing buoyancy to the vehicle body when acting on the first magnetic field.
5. The superconducting maglev train system of claim 4, wherein the rail body comprises a support base, side beams disposed on left and right sides of the support base, a middle beam disposed in a middle of the support base, side winding substrates disposed on the side beams, and a middle winding substrate disposed on the middle beam,
the side power coil and the suspension guide coil are fixedly connected with the side winding substrate, and the middle power coil is fixedly connected with the middle winding substrate.
6. The superconducting maglev train system of claim 5, wherein the refrigeration system comprises a GM refrigerator; and/or the train system further comprises an insulating layer for insulating the low-temperature refrigeration container.
7. The superconducting maglev train system of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the high temperature superconducting coil is a racetrack coil wound from a tape of superconductor material; and/or the like and/or,
the power coil and the suspension guide coil are both runway coils formed by winding linear or strip copper.
8. The superconducting maglev train system of claim 7, wherein the superconductor material is Bi-2223 or YBCO.
9. The superconducting maglev train system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a front end of a portion of the cryogenic container embedded in the gap is provided with a streamlined structure.
10. The superconducting maglev train system of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a plurality of wires electrically connected to the power coil and the levitation guide coil are provided on the rail body;
the electric brush is arranged on the train body, and the electric brush is in sliding contact with the electric wire below the train body and at least one electric wire in front of the train body, so that the train system can provide electric energy for ensuring the operation of the train system through the electric brush.
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| CN112382176A (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2021-02-19 | 北京科技大学 | Magnetic suspension driving device and method |
| CN113484538A (en) * | 2021-07-05 | 2021-10-08 | 南京大学 | Acceleration measurement method based on anti-magnetic suspension mechanical system |
| CN113765259A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-12-07 | 华中科技大学 | Permanent magnet electric suspension type linear driving device |
| CN115158029A (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2022-10-11 | 成都理工大学 | Superconducting magnetic levitation train |
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