CN111525641B - Micro-nano satellite pulse power supply system based on digital control - Google Patents

Micro-nano satellite pulse power supply system based on digital control Download PDF

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CN111525641B
CN111525641B CN202010336710.7A CN202010336710A CN111525641B CN 111525641 B CN111525641 B CN 111525641B CN 202010336710 A CN202010336710 A CN 202010336710A CN 111525641 B CN111525641 B CN 111525641B
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module
resistor
super capacitor
voltage
capacitor
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CN111525641A (en
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廖文和
张翔
周航
汪忠辉
李经广
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/342—The other DC source being a battery actively interacting with the first one, i.e. battery to battery charging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/50—Charging of capacitors, supercapacitors, ultra-capacitors or double layer capacitors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a micro-nano satellite pulse power supply system based on digital control. The system comprises an energy input unit, a main control unit, a super capacitor module and a power output unit, wherein the energy input unit comprises a lithium polymer battery and an input adjusting module; the master control unit and the input adjusting module monitor the bus voltage of the super capacitor module, the master control unit realizes constant voltage and constant current charging control on the super capacitor module, the constant current charging mode is adopted when the voltage is smaller than a set value, and the constant voltage trickle charging mode is adopted when the voltage is larger than the set value. According to the power supply system, the super capacitor is used as a main energy storage device for outputting energy to the load, and the lithium polymer battery is used as a second energy storage device of the power supply system, so that the power density of the power supply system can be improved, and the on-orbit service life of the micro/nano satellite can be prolonged.

Description

Micro-nano satellite pulse power supply system based on digital control
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of satellite power supply systems, and particularly relates to a micro-nano satellite pulse power supply system based on digital control.
Background
With the development of the micro-nano satellite technology, the micro-nano satellite puts forward a lot of high-power requirements on a power supply system, including a micro-nano satellite line burning unlocking device, driving of a high-torque momentum wheel during attitude adjustment, an electric propulsion control system, heat supply of the whole satellite and the like. For the micro-nano satellite, the energy storage unit is mainly a lithium battery, for example, when the load power is changed in a pulsating manner, the peak output current generated by the lithium battery is larger, the larger peak output current can seriously affect the terminal voltage, and meanwhile, the micro-nano satellite is in a high-power output state for a long time, the service life of a power supply system is inevitably shortened, and the in-orbit service life of the micro-nano satellite is also directly influenced.
The super capacitor is a novel physical energy storage device mainly based on electrostatic field energy storage, has the excellent characteristics of high power density, long service life, capability of being charged and discharged quickly, wide use temperature range and the like, is favorable for light and miniaturized design of a power supply system, and is suitable for application scenes of providing pulse current. The output end of the lithium battery is connected with the super capacitor in parallel, so that the output current peak value of the power output unit carrying the pulsating load is reduced, the voltage drop of the lithium battery can be effectively inhibited, and the dynamic response capability and the discharge benefit of the lithium battery are improved.
Corresponding research is carried out on application of the super capacitor in a micro-nano satellite power supply system by partial scholars. For example, in a micro-nano satellite power supply system based on a super capacitor disclosed in chinese patent publication No. CN106602694a, a management unit controls an energy transmission module to charge the super capacitor based on a maximum power point tracking algorithm, and the super capacitor is electrically connected to an on-satellite load through a bus, so as to improve the power density of the power supply system. However, the main work of the patent is directed to energy input management, and the energy output management work is less involved; the characteristic that the super capacitor can generate instantaneous large current is not fully utilized. Zhao Yan designs a novel power supply system in the article "spacecraft novel power supply system design", and a super capacitor and a storage battery pack are used for jointly supplying power and outputting, so that the power supply system has certain reference significance for realizing light miniaturization of a spacecraft power supply. However, the main work of the novel power supply system is the timing design of combined output of the super capacitor and the storage battery, and energy input management for charging the super capacitor is not involved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a digital control-based micro-nano satellite pulse power supply system with strong load capacity, low loss rate and good portability.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a micro-nano satellite pulse power supply system based on digital control comprises an energy input unit, a main control unit, a super capacitor module and a power output unit, wherein the energy input unit comprises a lithium polymer battery and an input adjusting module;
the energy input unit is provided with:
the lithium polymer battery is used for supplying power to the whole satellite load and the super capacitor;
the input adjusting module is used for receiving a control signal of the control module, adjusting the voltage of the secondary bus and realizing the charging control and protection of the super capacitor; sending bus voltage and current signals to an analog quantity acquisition module;
the super capacitor module is used for storing system energy; sending the temperature signal of the super capacitor to an analog quantity acquisition module; sending the voltage signal to an input selection module and a power distribution module to be used as control signals of a power supply selection switch and a power distribution switch respectively;
in the main control unit:
the analog quantity acquisition module is used for detecting the voltage and the current value of the bus and the output end of the system; simultaneously measuring the temperature value of the super capacitor; feeding back the data to the control module;
the control module is used for receiving and processing the feedback data of the analog quantity acquisition module; outputting a PWM signal to an input adjusting module to realize intelligent control of charging of the super capacitor; outputting a PWM signal to a constant power output module to realize the control of the constant power output of energy; sending an enabling instruction to a pulse output module to control the pulse output of the system;
in the power output unit:
an input selection module electrically connected with the lithium polymer battery; the system comprises a lithium battery, a super capacitor module, a load and a power supply module, wherein the lithium battery is used for receiving a voltage signal sent by the super capacitor module and directly outputting energy to the load when the voltage of a super capacitor bus is lower than a set value;
the power distribution module is electrically connected with the super capacitor module and the input selection module, provides standard voltage output and provides working voltage for each platform load; receiving a bus voltage control signal of the super capacitor module, cutting off capacitor output when the bus voltage is lower than or higher than a set range, and switching to a lithium battery output mode;
the pulse output module is electrically connected with the super capacitor module; the energy-saving control module is used for receiving an enabling signal of the control module and supplying energy to the pulse type load;
the constant power output module is electrically connected with the super capacitor module; the PWM signal is used for receiving the control module, regulating the output voltage and providing energy for the constant-power load.
Further, the main control unit and the input adjusting module monitor the bus voltage of the super capacitor, and the constant-current charging mode is adopted when the voltage is smaller than a set value, and the constant-voltage trickle charging mode is adopted when the voltage is larger than the set value.
Further, the main control unit realizes constant-voltage and constant-current charging control over the super capacitor based on a PID algorithm.
Furthermore, the power distribution module adopts a window comparator to control a power supply switch, so that the voltage of the super capacitor bus changes within a set threshold value, and low-voltage latch and overvoltage protection of system output are realized.
Furthermore, the pulse output module adopts a Schmitt trigger to control the power supply switch, and after the pulse output module receives an enabling instruction of the control module, the super capacitor module continuously discharges until the bus voltage is lower than a set lower limit threshold.
Further, the input adjusting module adopts an input adjusting circuit of a Sepic topology, and specifically comprises a first inductor L1, a second inductor L2, a second resistor R2, an eighth resistor R8, a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2, a first diode D1 and a fifth NMOS transistor Q5; v _ IN is connected with the positive electrode of the first capacitor C1 and the D electrode of the fifth NMOS tube Q5 through the first inductor L1; the S pole of the fifth NMOS tube Q5 is grounded through an eighth resistor R8; the G pole of the fifth NMOS tube Q5 is used as a PWM signal input end; the cathode of the first capacitor C1 and the anode of the first diode D1 are grounded through a second inductor L2; the cathode of the first diode D1 is connected with the anode of the second capacitor C2 and is connected with the anode V _ CAP of the super capacitor through the second resistor R2; the cathode of the second capacitor C2 is grounded.
Further, the power distribution control circuit adopted by the power distribution module specifically comprises a first resistor R1, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6, a seventh resistor R7, a ninth resistor R9, a first PMOS transistor Q1, a second NMOS transistor Q2 and a first integrated MAX9018 chip U1; the third resistor R3, the sixth resistor R6 and the ninth resistor R9 are sequentially connected in series, and the other end of the ninth resistor R9 is grounded; the positive electrode V _ CAP of the super capacitor is connected to a No. 3 pin of a U1 of the first integrated MAX9018 chip through a third resistor R3; the No. 6 pin of the U1 of the first integrated MAX9018 chip is grounded through a ninth resistor R9; the No. 2 pin and the No. 5 pin of the U1 of the first integrated MAX9018 chip are connected, and the No. 1 pin and the No. 7 pin are connected; VCC is connected to the No. 1 pin and the No. 7 pin of the U1 of the first integrated MAX9018 chip through a first resistor R1; the S pole of the first PMOS tube Q1 is connected with the D pole of the second NMOS tube Q2; the positive electrode V _ CAP of the super capacitor is connected to the S pole of the first PMOS tube Q1 and the D pole of the second NMOS tube Q2; the S pole of the second NMOS tube Q2 is grounded; the G pole of the second NMOS tube Q2 is grounded through a seventh resistor R7; the constant Voltage output enable terminal Voltage _ EN is connected to the G pole of the second NMOS transistor Q2 through a fifth resistor R5; the constant Voltage output terminal Voltage _ OUT is connected to the D pole of the first PMOS transistor Q1.
Further, the pulse output module adopts a schmitt trigger circuit, and specifically includes a tenth resistor R10, an eleventh resistor R11, a thirteenth resistor R13, a fourteenth resistor R14, a sixteenth resistor R16, a seventeenth resistor R17, a third integrated MAX9017 chip U3, a third PMOS transistor Q3, and a fourth NMOS transistor Q4; the positive electrode V _ CAP of the super capacitor is connected to the pin No. 3 of the third integrated MA9017 chip U3 through a thirteenth resistor R13 and connected to the pin No. 1 of the third integrated MA9017 chip U3 through an eleventh resistor R11; a pin 1 of a chip U3 of the third integrated MA9017 is grounded through a fourteenth resistor R14; a pin 1 of a chip U3 of the third integrated MA9017 is connected to a Pulse output enable end Pulse _ EN; the positive electrode of the super capacitor is connected to the S electrode of the third PMOS tube Q3, and is connected to the G electrode of the third PMOS tube Q3 through a tenth resistor R10; the G pole of the third PMOS tube Q3 is connected with the D pole of the fourth NMOS tube Q4; the S pole of the fourth PMOS tube is grounded; the G pole of the fourth PMOS tube is grounded through a seventeenth resistor R17; the Pulse output enable terminal Pulse _ EN is connected to the G pole of the fourth NMOS transistor Q4 through a sixteenth resistor R16.
Further, the constant power output module adopts a constant power output adjusting circuit of a Sepic topology structure, and specifically includes a third inductor L3, a fourth inductor L4, a twelfth resistor R12, a fifteenth resistor R15, a third capacitor C3, a fourth capacitor C4, a fifth capacitor C5, a second diode D2 and a sixth NMOS transistor Q6; the positive electrode V _ CAP of the super capacitor is connected with the positive electrode of a third capacitor C3 and the D electrode of a sixth NMOS tube Q6 through a third inductor L3, and is simultaneously connected with the positive electrode of a fourth capacitor C4; the negative electrode of the fourth capacitor C4 is grounded; the S pole of the sixth NMOS tube Q6 is grounded through a fifteenth resistor R15; a G pole of a sixth NMOS transistor Q6 is used as a PWM signal input end; the cathode of the third capacitor C3 and the anode of the second diode D2 are grounded through a fourth inductor L4; the cathode of the second diode D2 is connected with the anode of the fifth capacitor C5 and is connected to the constant Power output end Power _ OUT through a twelfth resistor R12; the negative pole of the fifth capacitor C5 is grounded.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that: (1) The super capacitor is used as a main energy storage device for outputting energy outwards, so that the overall power density of the power supply system is greatly improved, and the load capacity of the power supply system is enhanced; (2) The lithium polymer battery is used as a second energy storage device of the power supply system, so that the discharge depth of the lithium polymer battery is reduced, the loss rate of the lithium polymer battery can be effectively reduced, and the in-orbit service life of the micro/nano satellite is obviously prolonged; (3) Different output control modules are distributed for different types of loads, distribution management of system energy is facilitated, and portability of the power supply system is improved.
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a micro-nano satellite pulse power supply system based on digital control.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating changes of a terminal voltage and a charging current in a charging process of a super capacitor according to an embodiment of the present invention, where (a) is a schematic diagram illustrating a change of the terminal voltage, and (b) is a schematic diagram illustrating a change of the charging current.
Fig. 3 is a schematic output timing diagram of the first and second energy storage devices of the system according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an input regulating circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a power distribution control circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a pulse output control circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a constant power output circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
With reference to fig. 1, a structural block diagram of a micro-nano satellite pulse power supply system based on digital control according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, where the power supply system includes an energy input unit 1, a main control unit 2, a super capacitor module 3, and a power output unit 4, where the energy input unit 1 includes a lithium polymer battery 1-1 and an input adjustment module 1-2, the main control unit 2 includes an analog acquisition module 2-1 and a control module 2-2, the super capacitor module 3 includes a super capacitor, and the power output unit 4 includes an input selection module 4-1, a power distribution module 4-2, a pulse output module 4-3, and a constant power output module 4-4.
The energy input unit 1 includes a lithium polymer battery 1-1 and an input adjusting module 1-2.
The lithium polymer battery is used as a second energy storage device of the system, is electrically connected with the input adjusting module 1-2, and is used for providing electric energy for the super capacitor and the whole satellite load.
The input adjusting module 1-2 is used for receiving the control signal of the control module 2-2, adjusting the secondary bus voltage, controlling the charging process of the super capacitor, realizing the charging control and protection of the super capacitor, and simultaneously feeding back the bus current and voltage information in the charging process to the main control unit 2. The end voltage of the super capacitor serving as an energy storage device is continuously increased in the charging process, and in order to ensure the charging speed, the output voltage of the input regulating unit is required to be changed in a larger range, so that Buck-Boost, cuk, sepic and other Buck-Boost DC/DC topological structure circuits are preferably selected. Fig. 4 shows an input conditioning circuit applying the Sepic topology.
The super capacitor module 3 is used as a first energy storage device of the power supply system, has the advantages of high power density, multiple discharge times, large discharge depth and the like, has the characteristic of instantaneous heavy-current discharge, can obviously improve the power density of the system, and enhances the load capacity of the system. The super capacitor module 3 sends the super capacitor temperature signal to the analog quantity acquisition module 2-1; and sends the voltage signal to the input selection module 4-1 and the power distribution module 4-2 as the control signal of the power supply selection switch and the power distribution switch respectively.
In a preferred embodiment, referring to fig. 2, in order to ensure the charging speed of the super capacitor and prolong the service life of the super capacitor, a two-stage charging mode, namely "constant current first and constant voltage last" is used. The output voltage of the input regulating module 1-2 can be regulated by the duty ratio of the PWM signal sent by the control module 2-2. In order to eliminate the adverse effect of peak current in the initial charging stage of the super capacitor, a constant-current charging mode is adopted for charging under the condition of ensuring the charging speed, and the voltage of the end of the super capacitor is linearly increased; in order to ensure the cycle life of the super capacitor, when the voltage of the super capacitor end is close to the rated voltage, the super capacitor end is switched to a constant-voltage trickle charging mode, and the charging current is exponentially attenuated to prevent the super capacitor from being overcharged.
The main control unit 2 comprises an analog quantity acquisition module 2-1 and a control module 2-2.
The analog quantity acquisition module 2-1 is used for acquiring current and voltage values of a bus and a system output end in the charging and constant power output processes of the super capacitor in real time and feeding acquired data back to the control module 2-2; and is also used to monitor the temperature of the supercapacitor. Analog quantity data acquisition is the basis for the system to form closed-loop feedback control.
The control module 2-2 is used for processing feedback data sent by the analog quantity acquisition module 2-1 and generating a PWM signal to act on the input regulation module 1-2 so as to realize intelligent control of charging of the super capacitor; outputting a PWM signal to a constant power output module 4-4 to realize the control of the constant power output of energy, and controlling the charging process and the constant power output process of the super capacitor by adopting a digital control method; and is also used for generating an enabling command to act on the pulse output module 4-3 to control the energy supply of the system to the pulse type load.
In a preferred embodiment, the control module 2-2 controls the charging process of the supercapacitor based on a PID algorithm. In the constant current charging stage, the analog quantity acquisition module 2-1 acquires the output current of the input regulation module 1-2 and feeds the output current back to the main control module, the output module adjusts the duty ratio of the output PWM signal, and the output voltage of the input regulation module 1-2 is adjusted to control the magnitude of the output current; in constant-voltage trickle charging, the analog quantity acquisition module 2-1 acquires the end voltage of the super capacitor, and similarly, the main control module adjusts the duty ratio of a PWM signal according to a feedback value to ensure that the input adjustment module 1-2 outputs at a constant voltage.
The power output unit 4 comprises an input selection module 4-1, a power distribution module 4-2, a pulse output module 4-3 and a constant power output module 4-4.
An input selection module 4-1 electrically connected to the lithium polymer battery 1-1; the power supply is used for receiving a voltage signal sent by the super capacitor module 3, controlling the lithium battery to directly output energy to the platform load, and outputting energy to the load directly by the lithium battery when the voltage of the super capacitor bus is lower than a set value. The super capacitor module 3 is used as a first energy storage device of the power supply system, energy cannot be provided for a load under the conditions of under-voltage latching and over-voltage protection, and in order to ensure normal power supply of a platform load, energy is directly output outwards by the lithium polymer battery 1-1 when one path of the super capacitor module 3 is disconnected.
The power distribution module 4-2 is electrically connected with the super capacitor module 3 and the input selection module 4-1, provides standard voltage output and provides working voltage for each platform load; and receiving a bus voltage control signal of the super capacitor module 3, cutting off capacitor output when the bus voltage is lower than or higher than a set range, and switching to a lithium battery output mode. The power distribution module 4-2 is connected in series between the super capacitor and the platform load, is used as a control switch for constant voltage output of the system, and simultaneously provides constant voltage for the load, so that the stable and safe work of the platform load is ensured. The module can be divided into a switch part and a voltage stabilizing circuit, wherein the switch part adopts a window comparator as a switch control circuit, and cuts off the output of the super capacitor when the voltage of the super capacitor end is smaller than a lower limit threshold or higher than an upper limit threshold, so as to realize undervoltage latch and overvoltage protection of the capacitor output and ensure that the platform load can work stably and safely, and an embodiment of a power distribution control circuit is provided in fig. 5; the voltage stabilizing circuit can adopt a power supply integrated IC to output fixed voltage, and can selectively output standard voltage of 3.3V, 5V, 12V and the like.
Pulse output module 4-3, and super powerThe capacitor module 3 is electrically connected; for receiving an enable signal from the control module 2-2 to supply energy to the pulse type load. The pulse output module 4-3 is connected in series between the super capacitor and the pulse type load and used as a control switch for system pulse output, and the instantaneous heavy current requirements of pulse type loads such as initiating explosive devices and the like can be met by utilizing the characteristic of high power density of the super capacitor. In order to avoid the influence of the over-discharge of the super capacitor on other loads of the platform, a discharge threshold is set for the pulse output of the super capacitor. After the pulse output module 4-3 receives the enabling instruction of the control module 2-2, when the terminal voltage V _ CAP of the super capacitor is greater than a set value U 1 When the system starts to output, the super capacitor terminal voltage V _ CAP gradually decreases along with the discharging process, and V _ CAP is smaller than a set value U 2 (U 2 <U 1 ) When so, the system stops outputting. In order to realize that the system performs pulse output within the set threshold, the embodiment provides a schmitt trigger circuit as the pulse output control circuit, as shown in fig. 6.
The constant power output module 4-4 is electrically connected with the super capacitor module 3; and the PWM circuit is used for receiving the PWM signal of the control module 2-2, regulating the output voltage and supplying energy to the constant-power load. The constant power output module 4-4 is used for directly outputting energy to the power type load. In order to improve the portability of a hardware circuit, the output power of the hardware circuit is required to be adjusted according to the load requirement, so that the output voltage of a DC/DC circuit used as constant-power output is required to be adjusted according to the requirement, and a DC/DC conversion circuit is constructed by adopting a discrete original; in order to maximize the range of adjustable output power, the circuit structure of Buck-boost, cuk, sepic, etc. topology should be preferably used. Fig. 7 shows a constant power output regulating circuit applying the Sepic topology.
Further, the main control unit 2 and the input adjusting module 1-2 monitor the bus voltage of the super capacitor, and when the voltage is smaller than a set value, the constant current charging mode is adopted, and when the voltage is larger than the set value, the constant current charging mode is switched to. The main control unit 2 realizes constant-voltage and constant-current charging control of the super capacitor based on a PID algorithm. The power distribution module 4-2 adopts a window comparator to control a power supply switch, so that the voltage of the super capacitor bus changes within a set threshold value, and low-voltage latch and overvoltage protection of system output are realized. The pulse output module 4-3 adopts a Schmidt trigger to control a power supply switch, and after the pulse output module 4-3 receives an enabling instruction of the control module 2-2, the super capacitor module 3 continuously discharges until the bus voltage is lower than a set lower limit threshold value.
In a preferred embodiment, V is shown in conjunction with FIG. 3 1 、V 2 Threshold V for output undervoltage latch and overvoltage protection of super capacitor 1 <V 2 When V is 1 <V_CAP<V 2 In time, the system supplies power to the platform load through the super capacitor; when V _ CAP<V 1 Or V _ CAP>V 2 When the system is used, the lithium polymer battery 1-1 directly outputs energy to the platform load, so that the system can continuously supply power to the platform load.
Further, in one embodiment, with reference to fig. 4, the input adjusting circuit includes a first inductor L1, a second inductor L2, a second resistor R2, an eighth resistor R8, a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2, a first diode D1, and a fifth NMOS transistor Q5; v _ IN is connected with the positive electrode of the first capacitor C1 and the D electrode of the fifth NMOS tube Q5 through the first inductor L1; the S pole of the fifth NMOS tube Q5 is grounded through an eighth resistor R8; the G pole of the fifth NMOS tube Q5 is used as a PWM signal input end; the cathode of the first capacitor C1 and the anode of the first diode D1 are grounded through a second inductor L2; the cathode of the first diode D1 is connected with the anode of the second capacitor C2 and is connected with the anode V _ CAP of the super capacitor through the second resistor R2; the cathode of the second capacitor C2 is grounded.
Further, in one embodiment, with reference to fig. 5, the power distribution control circuit includes a first resistor R1, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6, a seventh resistor R7, a ninth resistor R9, a first PMOS transistor Q1, a second NMOS transistor Q2, and a first integrated MAX9018 chip U1; the third resistor R3, the sixth resistor R6 and the ninth resistor R9 are connected in series, and the ninth resistor R9 is grounded; the positive electrode V _ CAP of the super capacitor is connected to a No. 3 pin of a U1 of the first integrated MAX9018 chip through a third resistor R3; a No. 6 pin of the U1 chip of the first integrated MAX9018 is grounded through a ninth resistor R9; the No. 2 pin and the No. 5 pin of the U1 of the first integrated MAX9018 chip are connected, and the No. 1 pin and the No. 7 pin are connected; the VCC is connected to a pin 1 and a pin 7 of a chip U1 of the first integrated MAX9018 through a first resistor R1; the S pole of the first PMOS tube Q1 is connected with the D pole of the second NMOS tube Q2; the positive electrode V _ CAP of the super capacitor is connected to the S pole of the first PMOS tube Q1 and the D pole of the second NMOS tube Q2; the S pole of the second NMOS tube Q2 is grounded; the G pole of the second NMOS tube Q2 is grounded through a seventh resistor R7; the constant Voltage output enable terminal Voltage _ EN is connected to the G pole of the second NMOS transistor Q2 through a fifth resistor R5; the constant Voltage output terminal Voltage _ OUT is connected to the D pole of the first PMOS transistor Q1.
Further, in one embodiment, with reference to fig. 6, the pulse output control circuit includes a tenth resistor R10, an eleventh resistor R11, a thirteenth resistor R13, a fourteenth resistor R14, a sixteenth resistor R16, a seventeenth resistor R17, a third integrated MAX9017 chip U3, a third PMOS transistor Q3, and a fourth NMOS transistor Q4; the positive electrode V _ CAP of the super capacitor is connected to the pin No. 3 of the third integrated MA9017 chip U3 through a thirteenth resistor R13 and connected to the pin No. 1 of the third integrated MA9017 chip U3 through an eleventh resistor R11; a pin 1 of a chip U3 of the third integrated MA9017 is grounded through a fourteenth resistor R14; a pin 1 of a chip U3 of the third integrated MA9017 is connected to a Pulse output enable end Pulse _ EN; the positive electrode of the super capacitor is connected to the S electrode of the third PMOS tube Q3, and is connected to the G electrode of the third PMOS tube Q3 through a tenth resistor R10; the G pole of the third PMOS tube Q3 is connected with the D pole of the fourth NMOS tube Q4; the S pole of the fourth PMOS tube is grounded; the G pole of the fourth PMOS tube is grounded through a seventeenth resistor R17; the Pulse output enable terminal Pulse _ EN is connected to the G pole of the fourth NMOS transistor Q4 through a sixteenth resistor R16.
Further, in one embodiment, with reference to fig. 7, the constant power output circuit includes a third inductor L3, a fourth inductor L4, a twelfth resistor R12, a fifteenth resistor R15, a third capacitor C3, a fourth capacitor C4, a fifth capacitor C5, a second diode D2, and a sixth NMOS transistor Q6; the positive electrode V _ CAP of the super capacitor is connected with the positive electrode of a third capacitor C3 and the D electrode of a sixth NMOS tube Q6 through a third inductor L3, and is simultaneously connected with the positive electrode of a fourth capacitor C4; the negative electrode of the fourth capacitor C4 is grounded; the S pole of the sixth NMOS tube Q6 is grounded through a fifteenth resistor R15; the G pole of the sixth NMOS tube Q6 is used as a PWM signal input end; the cathode of the third capacitor C3 and the anode of the second diode D2 are grounded through a fourth inductor L4; the cathode of the second diode D2 is connected with the anode of the fifth capacitor C5 and is connected to the constant Power output end Power _ OUT through a twelfth resistor R12; the negative pole of the fifth capacitor C5 is grounded.
In conclusion, the digital control-based micro-nano satellite pulse power supply system provided by the invention takes the super capacitor as a main energy storage device for outputting energy to a load, and the lithium polymer battery as a second energy storage device of the power supply system, so that the power density of the power supply system can be improved, and the on-orbit service life of the micro-nano satellite can be obviously prolonged; according to different load types, different management units are distributed, and the transportability of the power supply system is improved.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are given by way of illustration of the principles of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such changes and modifications are within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (9)

1. A micro-nano satellite pulse power supply system based on digital control is characterized by comprising an energy input unit (1), a main control unit (2), a super capacitor module (3) and a power output unit (4), wherein the energy input unit (1) comprises a lithium polymer battery (1-1) and an input adjusting module (1-2), the main control unit (2) comprises an analog quantity acquisition module (2-1) and a control module (2-2), the super capacitor module (3) comprises a super capacitor, and the power output unit (4) comprises an input selection module (4-1), a power distribution module (4-2), a pulse output module (4-3) and a constant power output module (4-4);
in the energy input unit (1):
the lithium polymer battery (1-1) is used for supplying power to the whole satellite load and the super capacitor;
the input adjusting module (1-2) is used for receiving the control signal of the control module (2-2) and adjusting the voltage of a secondary bus to realize the charging control and protection of the super capacitor; sending bus voltage and current signals to an analog quantity acquisition module (2-1);
the super capacitor module (3) is used for storing system energy; the temperature signal of the super capacitor is sent to an analog quantity acquisition module (2-1); sending the voltage signal to an input selection module (4-1) and a power distribution module (4-2) which are respectively used as control signals of a power supply selection switch and a power distribution switch;
in the main control unit (2):
the analog quantity acquisition module (2-1) is used for detecting the voltage and the current value of the bus and the output end of the system; simultaneously measuring the temperature value of the super capacitor; and feeding back the data to the control module (2-2);
the control module (2-2) is used for receiving and processing the feedback data of the analog quantity acquisition module (2-1); outputting a PWM signal to an input adjusting module (1-2) to realize intelligent control of charging of the super capacitor; outputting a PWM signal to a constant power output module (4-4) to realize the control of the constant power output of the energy; sending an enabling instruction to a pulse output module (4-3) to control the pulse output of the system;
in the power output unit (4):
an input selection module (4-1) electrically connected to the lithium polymer battery (1-1); the power supply is used for receiving a voltage signal sent by the super capacitor module (3), and when the voltage of a super capacitor bus is lower than a set value, the lithium polymer battery directly outputs energy to a load;
the power distribution module (4-2) is electrically connected with the super capacitor module (3) and the input selection module (4-1) and provides standard voltage output to provide working voltage for each platform load; receiving a bus voltage control signal of the super capacitor module (3), cutting off capacitor output when the bus voltage is lower than or higher than a set range, and switching to a lithium polymer battery output mode;
the pulse output module (4-3) is electrically connected with the super capacitor module (3); the energy-saving control module is used for receiving an enabling signal of the control module (2-2) and providing energy for the pulse type load;
the constant power output module (4-4) is electrically connected with the super capacitor module (3); the PWM control circuit is used for receiving the PWM signal of the control module (2-2), regulating the output voltage and providing energy for the constant-power load.
2. The micro-nano satellite pulse power supply system based on digital control according to claim 1, wherein the main control unit (2) and the input adjusting module (1-2) monitor the bus voltage of the super capacitor, and when the voltage is less than a set value, the constant current charging mode is adopted, and when the voltage is greater than the set value, the constant current trickle charging mode is adopted.
3. The digital control-based micro-nano satellite pulse power supply system according to claim 1, wherein the main control unit (2) is used for realizing constant-voltage and constant-current charging control over a super capacitor based on a PID algorithm.
4. The digital control-based micro-nano satellite pulse power supply system according to claim 1, wherein the power distribution module (4-2) controls a power supply switch by adopting a window comparator, so that the bus voltage of the super capacitor is changed within a set threshold value, and low-voltage latch and overvoltage protection of system output are realized.
5. The digital control-based micro-nano satellite pulse power supply system according to claim 1, wherein the pulse output module (4-3) controls a power supply switch by adopting a Schmidt trigger, and after the pulse output module (4-3) receives an enabling instruction of the control module (2-2), the super capacitor module (3) continues to discharge until the bus voltage is lower than a set lower limit threshold.
6. The digital control-based micro-nano satellite pulse power supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the input adjusting module (1-2) adopts an input adjusting circuit of Sepic topology, and specifically comprises a first inductor L1, a second inductor L2, a second resistor R2, an eighth resistor R8, a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2, a first diode D1 and a fifth NMOS transistor Q5; the input voltage V _ IN is connected with the positive electrode of the first capacitor C1 and the D electrode of the fifth NMOS tube Q5 through the first inductor L1; the S pole of the fifth NMOS tube Q5 is grounded through an eighth resistor R8; the G pole of the fifth NMOS tube Q5 is used as a PWM signal input end; the cathode of the first capacitor C1 and the anode of the first diode D1 are grounded through a second inductor L2; the cathode of the first diode D1 is connected with the anode of the second capacitor C2 and is connected with the anode V _ CAP of the super capacitor through the second resistor R2; the cathode of the second capacitor C2 is grounded.
7. The digital control-based micro-nano satellite pulse power supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a power distribution control circuit adopted by the power distribution module (4-2) specifically comprises a first resistor R1, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6, a seventh resistor R7, a ninth resistor R9, a first PMOS (P-channel metal oxide semiconductor) transistor Q1, a second NMOS (N-channel metal oxide semiconductor) transistor Q2 and a first integrated MAX9018 chip U1; the third resistor R3, the sixth resistor R6 and the ninth resistor R9 are sequentially connected in series, and the other end of the ninth resistor R9 is grounded; the positive electrode V _ CAP of the super capacitor is connected to a No. 3 pin of a U1 of the first integrated MAX9018 chip through a third resistor R3; the No. 6 pin of the U1 of the first integrated MAX9018 chip is grounded through a ninth resistor R9; the No. 2 pin and the No. 5 pin of the U1 of the first integrated MAX9018 chip are connected, and the No. 1 pin and the No. 7 pin are connected; the power supply voltage VCC is connected to the No. 1 pin and the No. 7 pin of the U1 of the first integrated MAX9018 chip through a first resistor R1; the S pole of the first PMOS tube Q1 is connected with the D pole of the second NMOS tube Q2 through a fourth resistor R4; the positive electrode V _ CAP of the super capacitor is connected to the S electrode of the first PMOS pipe Q1 and the D electrode of the second NMOS pipe Q2 through a fourth resistor R4; the S pole of the second NMOS tube Q2 is grounded; the G pole of the second NMOS tube Q2 is grounded through a seventh resistor R7; the constant Voltage output enable terminal Voltage _ EN is connected to the G pole of the second NMOS transistor Q2 through a fifth resistor R5; the constant Voltage output terminal Voltage _ OUT is connected to the D pole of the first PMOS transistor Q1.
8. The digital control-based micro-nano satellite pulse power supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the pulse output module (4-3) adopts a Schmidt trigger circuit, and specifically comprises a tenth resistor R10, an eleventh resistor R11, a thirteenth resistor R13, a fourteenth resistor R14, a sixteenth resistor R16, a seventeenth resistor R17, a third integrated MAX9017 chip U3, a third PMOS transistor Q3 and a fourth NMOS transistor Q4; the positive electrode V _ CAP of the super capacitor is connected to the pin No. 3 of the third integrated MAX9017 chip U3 through a thirteenth resistor R13, and is connected to the pin No. 1 of the third integrated MAX9017 chip U3 through an eleventh resistor R11; the pin 3 of the third integrated MAX9017 chip U3 is grounded through a fourteenth resistor R14; a pin 1 of the third integrated MAX9017 chip U3 is connected to a Pulse output enable end Pulse _ EN; a positive electrode V _ CAP of the super capacitor is connected to the S pole of the third PMOS tube Q3 and is connected to the G pole of the third PMOS tube Q3 through a tenth resistor R10; the G pole of the third PMOS tube Q3 is connected with the D pole of the fourth NMOS tube Q4; the S pole of the fourth NMOS tube is grounded; the G pole of the fourth NMOS tube is grounded through a seventeenth resistor R17; the Pulse output enable terminal Pulse _ EN is connected to the G pole of the fourth NMOS transistor Q4 through a sixteenth resistor R16.
9. The digital control-based micro-nano satellite pulse power supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the constant power output module (4-4) adopts a constant power output adjusting circuit of a Sepic topology structure, and specifically comprises a third inductor L3, a fourth inductor L4, a twelfth resistor R12, a fifteenth resistor R15, a third capacitor C3, a fourth capacitor C4, a fifth capacitor C5, a second diode D2 and a sixth NMOS transistor Q6; the positive electrode V _ CAP of the super capacitor is connected with the positive electrode of a third capacitor C3 and the D electrode of a sixth NMOS tube Q6 through a third inductor L3, and the positive electrode V _ CAP of the super capacitor is connected with the positive electrode of a fourth capacitor C4; the negative electrode of the fourth capacitor C4 is grounded; the S pole of the sixth NMOS tube Q6 is grounded through a fifteenth resistor R15; the G pole of the sixth NMOS tube Q6 is used as a PWM signal input end; the cathode of the third capacitor C3 and the anode of the second diode D2 are grounded through a fourth inductor L4; the cathode of the second diode D2 is connected with the anode of the fifth capacitor C5 and is connected to the constant Power output end Power _ OUT through a twelfth resistor R12; the negative pole of the fifth capacitor C5 is grounded.
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