CN111525498A - Overload protection device and method - Google Patents
Overload protection device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111525498A CN111525498A CN201910103342.9A CN201910103342A CN111525498A CN 111525498 A CN111525498 A CN 111525498A CN 201910103342 A CN201910103342 A CN 201910103342A CN 111525498 A CN111525498 A CN 111525498A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/02—Details
- H02H3/04—Details with warning or supervision in addition to disconnection, e.g. for indicating that protective apparatus has functioned
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
- H02H3/085—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current making use of a thermal sensor, e.g. thermistor, heated by the excess current
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Abstract
The invention discloses an overload protection device, which comprises: the parameter setting unit is used for setting the nominal limit temperature of the benchmark power assembly positioned in the power utilization loop; a control condition generating unit for generating a plurality of control conditions representing the abnormal working temperature of the benchmark power component according to the nominal limit temperature; the temperature collecting unit is used for receiving the working temperature information; and the operation output unit is used for calculating the working temperature rise index according to the working temperature information and sending out protection information for executing specific protection actions when the working temperature rise index meets one of the control conditions. Therefore, the overload protection device and method for obtaining the optimal overload protection can be obtained.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention relates to a protection device and a method for preventing a circuit from being overloaded; in particular to an intelligent overload protection device and method which can enable users to set various protection specifications by themselves and can carry out adaptive protection on an electric loop.
[ Prior Art ]
In various circuit loops, when power supply is unstable, a surge or an excessive current exists, or a component is abnormal or a load is adjusted to be excessive, so that the current of the circuit is excessive and the load of some circuit components is exceeded, the circuit device may malfunction or burn out. Therefore, an overcurrent protection mechanism, or an overload protection mechanism, is commonly used in circuit design.
In the over-current and over-load protection mechanism, a temperature sensor is a commonly used detecting element, especially a Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) temperature sensor, which is usually selectively installed on a circuit load to detect whether the load is overheated, and once the load is overheated, a feedback is used to control a circuit switch to automatically adjust or turn off the load current of the circuit. In the prior art, when the load is overheated beyond a certain temperature, a warning is issued, the current amount is adjusted, or the power is turned off, and whether the load normally operates or not is determined according to the temperature rising slope of the load, such as those disclosed in chinese patent nos. CN103699152 and CN 105444213.
However, even though various protection methods are disclosed in the prior art, it is only thought to monitor the load and then automatically regulate the load, and there is no way to see how to make general consideration for all components of the circuit or how to make general consideration to obtain the most appropriate protection method for overload protection. Existing fuses or circuit breakers attempt to provide optimum protection against inrush currents from outside sources and load overcurrents due to internal component failures, but often fail to meet this protection criteria, either too much or too late, and it is difficult for the designer to select the optimum protection criteria.
[ summary of the invention ]
Therefore, the present invention is to provide an intelligent overload protection apparatus and method that can achieve optimal protection, and can be set by the user according to the circuit to be protected, and can further replace the conventional circuit breaker.
In order to achieve the object of the present invention, the present invention provides an overload protection apparatus, comprising:
the parameter setting unit is used for setting the nominal limit temperature of the benchmark power assembly positioned in the power utilization loop, and the benchmark power assembly has an operating temperature caused by passing one of the operating currents;
a control condition generating unit for generating a plurality of control conditions representing the abnormal working temperature of the benchmark power component according to the nominal limit temperature;
the temperature collecting unit is used for receiving the working temperature information of the benchmark power component; and the number of the first and second groups,
the operation output unit calculates the working temperature rise index according to the working temperature information and is used for sending out protection information for executing a specific protection action when the working temperature rise index meets one of the control conditions.
Furthermore, the disclosed target power component is the power component of the power circuit, which reaches the limit temperature most quickly when the working current exceeds the rated load, and the limit temperature is used as the nominal limit temperature. The disclosed target power component can also be an inlet component of the power utilization loop, and the weakest power component which reaches the limit temperature of the power utilization loop at the fastest speed when the working current exceeds the rated load is arranged in all the power components of the power utilization loop, and the nominal limit temperature is the working temperature of the target power component when the weakest power component is at the limit temperature.
Furthermore, the control condition generating unit is used for setting an upper limit temperature rise control index of N order as the control conditions according to the nominal limit temperature, the protection starting temperature, the upper limit time difference and the lower limit time difference, wherein N is a positive integer; and is used for setting out N-order control indexes as control conditions according to a surplus margin R and each order upper limit temperature rise control index of the N-order upper limit temperature rise control indexes, wherein each order control index comprises an order upper limit temperature rise control index and an order control point obtained by the order upper limit temperature rise control index and the surplus margin R; also, the margin R is a set amount advanced by a specified range with respect to one of temperature and time, and the regulation points include one of the regulated temperature and the regulated time
The present invention further provides an overload protection method, which includes:
a parameter setting step, which is used for setting the nominal limit temperature of a benchmark power component in the power utilization loop, wherein the benchmark power component has the working temperature caused by passing one of the working currents;
a control condition generating step, which is used for generating a plurality of control conditions for representing the abnormal working temperature of the benchmark power component according to the nominal limit temperature;
a temperature collecting step for receiving the working temperature information of the benchmark power component; and the number of the first and second groups,
and a calculation output step, calculating the working temperature rise index according to the working temperature information, and sending out a protection information for executing a specific protection action when the working temperature rise index meets one of the control conditions.
By means of the said invention, it is possible to make optimal overload protection for the power consumption loop, and the user can set and change the protection condition automatically or automatically based on the power consumption loop to be protected, so that it is possible to use standard components to adapt to the state of various power consumption loops and set the most adaptive protection, and it is possible to replace available circuit breaking protector to obtain intelligent overload protection device and method. By means of the device disclosed by the invention, the advantages of the fuse can be taken into account when overcurrent flows from inside or outside, but the defects of the fuse are not/are reduced, the function of the circuit breaker is realized, but the defect of slow response is improved, so that the system can replace most of the applications of the fuse or the circuit breaker, particularly the device which generates heat and needs to be started/closed frequently.
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
[ brief description of drawings ]
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an overload protection apparatus according to various embodiments of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second exemplary application of the overload protection apparatus according to the embodiments of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the selection of the weakest element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating exemplary generation of a regulation condition according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating exemplary generation of a policing point according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic protection flow diagram of an overload protection method according to an embodiment of the invention.
[ notation ] to show
1-use circuit
11 switch
12 fuse
13 load
14 three-gate switch/regulation device
15 resistance
16 hand-operated load regulator
100,101,102 overload protection device
110 parameter setting unit
120 regulation condition generation unit
130 temperature gathering unit
140 operation output unit
150 temperature sensing assembly
160 regulating and controlling device
170 warning device
S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, step
[ embodiment ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The following description of the preferred embodiments of the overload protection apparatus and method according to the present invention will be provided in conjunction with the drawings for describing the components and steps thereof and the functions achieved thereby. The components, dimensions and settings of the overload protection apparatus shown in the drawings are only used to illustrate the technical features of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a composition and a first application of an overload protection apparatus 100 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The overload protection apparatus 100 mainly includes: a parameter setting unit 110, a regulation condition generating unit 120, a temperature collecting unit 130, and an operation output unit 140. Fig. 1 shows some components of the power circuit 1, which are associated with the overload protection apparatus 100, including a load 13 as a benchmark power component for measuring the operating temperature, and a control apparatus 14 for controlling the operating current in a repeatable manner. The load 13 and the control device 14 have an operating temperature caused by one of the operating currents and a maximum allowable operating temperature for normal operation, which is generally called a rated temperature and may also be called a limit temperature; however, the limit temperature of the present invention is not limited thereto.
The parameter setting unit 110 is used to set the nominal limit temperature TM of the benchmark power component as the temperature source of the temperature gathering unit 130RMIn the example shown in FIG. 1, the load 13 is used as the benchmark power component, the choice of the benchmark power component is concerned, and the nominal limit temperature TMRMThe details of setting of (1) are described later. The control condition generating unit 120 is used for generating a control condition according to the nominal limit temperature TMRMGenerating a plurality of control conditions for representing the abnormal working temperature of the benchmark power assembly, wherein the control conditions can be generated automatically or through setting; the control condition may be a single or composite condition of at least one of a control temperature, a control time, and a temperature rise control index of the operating temperature within a period of time, which will be described in detail later. The temperature gathering unit 130 is used to receive the operating temperature information from the benchmark power component. The operation output unit 140 is used for calculating a working temperature rise index according to the working temperature information received by the temperature collection unit 130, and sending a protection information for executing a specific protection action when the working temperature rise index meets one of the control conditions; details regarding the temperature rise control indicator and the specific protection action are also described later.
Fig. 1 also shows a schematic diagram of an overload protection apparatus 101 according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The overload protection apparatus 101 shown in the second embodiment further includes a temperature sensing device 150 and a regulation device 160 disposed in the power consumption circuit 1 as a power component thereof, in addition to the overload protection apparatus 100, that is, the regulation device 14 in the power consumption circuit 1 also serves as the regulation device 160 of the overload protection apparatus 101. The temperature sensing component 150 is attached to the load 13 for sensing the operating temperature thereof and sending out the operating temperature information. The control device 160 is disposed in the power consumption circuit 1 for receiving the protection signal sent by the operation output unit 140 to adjust the power supply condition of the power consumption circuit 1, and the adjustment includes cutting off and adjusting the power supply size, which may be a three-gate switch such as a TRIAC, a two-gate body such as a bridge rectifier, or other types.
Fig. 1 also shows a schematic diagram of the overload protection apparatus 102 according to a third embodiment of the present invention. The overload protection apparatus 102 of the third embodiment includes an alarm apparatus 170 in addition to the overload protection apparatus 101. Of course, in a modified embodiment, the overload protection apparatus 102 disclosed in this third embodiment may also include an alarm apparatus 170 in addition to the overload protection apparatus 100. The alarm device 170 is used to receive the protection signal sent by the operation output unit 140 and send an alarm accordingly. The warning can be any sound, light, information or action, and different warning modes can be given according to different protection information sent out by different control conditions.
The overload protection devices described in the above three embodiments all have the main core technology of the present invention, but have different implementation modes according to different component configurations. For example, the overload protection apparatus 100 may be a single chip type such as an MCU, which may have, for example, 6 pins for inputting power, inputting parameter settings, outputting protection information, etc. The above-mentioned modification of the overload protection apparatus 102 may also be a single chip type, such as an MCU, which may have, for example, 8 pins for adding the output of the alarm system. When the overload protection apparatus 100 is actually used in conjunction with the electric circuit 1, the overload protection apparatus 101 according to the second embodiment may include the temperature sensing device 150 and the regulating device 160. When the alarm device 170 is added to the power utilization circuit 1, it is an implementation aspect of the overload protection apparatus 102.
Fig. 2 shows a second further embodiment of the use of the overload protection 100/101 in the power supply circuit 1. The power utilization circuit 1 is used for supplying power to an AC power source AC, but not limited thereto, and mainly includes a switch 11, a fuse 12 as a post overcurrent breaker, a load 13, a three-gate switch (TRIAC)14 as an embodiment of the aforementioned regulation device 14,160, which is labeled with the same reference numeral, a resistor 15 representing any other possible component in the power utilization circuit 1, and a manual load regulator 16. The load 13, the tri-gate switch 14, the resistor 15, and the load regulator 16 all have impedances, and all have operating currents flowing through them when the power circuit 1 is operated, so that all are power components, and each have the operating temperature and the limiting temperature as described above. In addition, the conducting wire or the thermal pad that generates heat are also regarded as the power component of the present invention, so that the power component can also include the power portion.
The power utilization circuit 1 usually has a rated load, which represents the highest safe load value of the power utilization circuit 1 under normal operation, and it may be a power value or a current value, such as 2 amperes. The tri-gate switch 14 can receive the driving of any environment or the detection control circuit (not shown) of the power circuit 1 itself to automatically adjust the current passing or not or the current magnitude in the power circuit 1, so that it can be used as an overcurrent breaking protector and also as a load adjusting component; although this function is known, it does not provide the best protection against open circuit without matching the overall technical idea of the present invention. The resistor 15 may be used as a current limiter or a current sensor, and the other components are not limited to resistors. Furthermore, the power circuit 1 can have another power component (not shown) connected in parallel with the load 13, and the three-gate switch 14 is connected in parallel with the load 13, so that the three-gate switch 14 can be the inlet component of the power circuit 1, and any overload current of the power circuit 1 can pass through the three-gate switch 14, so called.
In the application example shown in FIG. 2, the temperature is sensedThe object to be measured by the measurement component 150 is the tri-gate switch 14 that is the inlet component, rather than the load 13 in the example of use shown in FIG. 1. The target power module, which represents the source of the operating temperature information disclosed in the present invention, may be the inlet module 14 or the load 13. The nominal limit temperature TM is dependent on the characteristics of the target power assemblyRMVarious setting principles will be further described below.
Regardless of whether the portal module 14 or the load 13 is selected as the benchmarking power module, the weakest module in the power circuit 1 is selected first. This can be done, for example, by operating the power utilization circuit 1 at a normal temperature and selecting, from the power components of the power utilization circuit, the component that reaches its limit temperature or a specific regulated temperature the weakest at various current steps exceeding the rated load, for example every 1 ampere. Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the weakest component that can be selected according to the above manner, i.e. shows temperature rise curves 13S, 14S, 15S, 16S of each power component 13, 14, 15, 16 in the consumer circuit 1 at an ambient temperature of 40 ℃ and supplying the consumer circuit 1 with a maximum operating current that is greater than the rated load but still capable of normal operation; the point of the curve where the curve is back-curved represents the temperature drop after the power is turned off. Comparing the curves, it can be found that the power component 13 reaches its limit temperature of, for example, 125 degrees, as soon as possible, and therefore the power component 13, i.e. the load 13, is the weakest component of the power utilization circuit 1. In this example, the load 13 is the weakest element, but may be other elements such as the resistor 15, depending on the actual material. In a variant, the operating current of the selected weakest element may be an intermittent constant current.
After the weakest component is selected, the nominal limit temperature TM may be set according to the selection of the benchmark power componentRM. In the application example shown in fig. 1, the temperature sensing device 150 directly detects the operating temperature of the load 13 where the weakest device is located, and the weakest device is used as the benchmark power device, and the nominal limit temperature TM at this timeRMI.e. to the limit temperature of the load 13. In the application example shown in FIG. 2, the temperature sensing element 150 measures not the load 13 at which the weakest element is located, but rather the inlet element threeA gate switch 14 as a target power component at a nominal limit temperature TMRMThe relative operating temperature of the three-gate switch is set when the load 13 on which the weakest element is located has reached its limit temperature. In the case of the inlet assembly triple gate switch 14 shown in fig. 2 as a benchmark power assembly, it is preferable to provide better protection especially when the weakest element is a large area heating wire such as a hot pad, and the weakest point is difficult to predict; in addition, when there are many branches in the circuit, the current rush caused by abnormal damage of other non-weakest components can also be used to better protect the whole circuit.
Hereinafter, an example of generating the control conditions will be described. According to the technical idea of the present invention, before generating the regulation condition, there is a nominal limit temperature TM which is input by the parameter setting unit 110 and adapts to the actual condition of the electric circuit 1RMIn addition, a protective initial temperature TM is requiredSAnd an upper time-difference TP representing the maximum evaluation time from the protective starting temperature to the temperature reaching the nominal limit temperatureMThe time difference TPs between the maximum time and the minimum time representing the fastest reaction action of the overload protection device 100 is used to automatically generate a plurality of control indicators as the control conditions. However, the aforementioned protection initiation temperature TMSUpper limit time difference TPMAnd a minimum time difference TPSThe setting may be manually performed through the parameter setting unit 110, or may be automatically set or set by the overload protection apparatus 100. Thus, the parameter setting unit 110 provides for setting the nominal limit temperature TMRMIn addition, it can also be used to set the protection starting temperature TMSUpper limit time difference TPMTime difference TP from the minimum limitS。
If the initial temperature TM is protectedSWith automatic setting by the overload protection 100, it is possible, for example, to fix the nominal limit temperature TM set by the userRMBy subtracting a specific value, e.g. 40 degrees, a protective starting temperature TM is automatically obtainedS. In a further embodiment, the specific value may also vary according to the variable protection sensitivity level that the user wants to adopt for the overload protection apparatus 100; for exampleThe specific value may be increased to 50 degrees for a more sensitive and earlier response, or set to 20 degrees for a slower response. As for the protection sensitivity level, the user may also complete the setting through the parameter setting unit 110. Alternatively, the protection initiation temperature TMSCan be set regardless of the nominal limit temperature TMRMIn that case, the overload protection is carried out by starting to calculate the operating temperature, for example, from 50 degrees. Also, in a preferred embodiment, the protection initiation temperature TMSPreferably entered by the user via the parameter setting unit 110, and preferably with the temperature of the benchmarking power component when the power circuit 1 is at its rated load, as its protection start temperature TMS. Also, the upper limit time difference TPMIn addition to being input by the user, it can also be set automatically, for example, in accordance with the input nominal limit temperature TMRMAnd the time length is automatically set. In a preferred embodiment, a constant value is used, such as 30 minutes/1800 seconds. Minimum time difference TPSSimilarly, the response speed of the device can be set, or a fixed value can be adopted, for example, the response capability of the MCU can be set to 0.1 second; alternatively, the setting may be 0 second, and the protection capability under the control conditions described later is not affected.
Under the parameters of the club, the regulation condition generation unit 120 may generate the regulation condition according to the nominal limit temperature TMRMAnd the protective initiation temperature TMSThe upper limit temperature rise control index of N level is set as the control condition, N is a positive integer and can also be a set value, or the user completes the setting through the parameter setting unit 110. Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the N-level upper temperature rise control indicator generated by the control condition generating unit 120, in which N is 7 and an arctan angle of a temperature difference and a time difference is used as the temperature rise control indicator. Specifically, the control condition generating unit 120 is based on an upper limit time difference TP of 1800 seconds, for exampleME.g. a minimum time difference TP of 0 secondsSAnd the nominal limit temperature TMRM(e.g., 125 degrees) compared to the protective onset temperature TMSThe 30 degrees difference (e.g., 95 degrees) is taken as the inverse tangent angle (arctan (30/180)) in 10 seconds to define the first upper limit angle of the 7 th order, which is about 9.5 degreesDegree; and according to the minimum time difference TP of 0 secondSAnd the 30 degree temperature difference is used to define the 7 th upper limiting angle of the 7 th order, i.e. 90 degrees, by taking the arctan angle; and (the 7 th order upper limit angle-the first order upper limit angle)/(7-1) as a range of the step angle of each (7-1) order other than the 1 st order, which is about 13.4 degrees. Thus, when the range of the 7-step angles is sequentially accumulated, the 7-step upper limit angles can be obtained, which are: 9.5 °, 22.9 °, 36.3 °, 49.7 °, 63.1 °, 76.5 °, and 90 °; the upper limit temperature rise control indicators of each step of the N-step upper limit temperature rise control indicators are the upper limit angles of each step.
In the example shown in fig. 4, the arctan angle is estimated by the temperature difference and the time difference as the temperature rise control index, but in a modified example, the slope of the temperature difference and the time difference (likewise, in units of 10 seconds) may be used as the upper limit temperature rise control index of each step, for example, the nominal limit temperature TMRMDifference of time TP from the upper limit timeMThe slope 0.16 is the 1 st order, and the multiples of 0.32, 0.64, 1.28, 2.56, 5.12 and infinity are used as the upper limit temperature rising pipe control indexes of the 2 nd to 7 th orders. Therefore, the temperature-rise control index of the present invention can be an angle or a slope, but not limited thereto, and the nominal limit temperature TM is set by the userRMTherefore, the optimum protection suitable for the power utilization loop 1 can be obtained by using the upper limit temperature rise control indexes of each stage as the control conditions.
Also, in FIG. 4, except that the temperature limit TM indicated by the symbol is shownRMThe obtained upper limit temperature rise control index line of each step based on the angle also displays the upper limit time of each step. As shown in FIG. 4, the upper limit temperature rise control index and the nominal limit temperature TM are known in each stepRMThen, the upper time limit difference TP can be determinedMAnd the ratio of the first order upper limit tangent value to each order upper limit tangent value, and multiplying the two values to obtain the upper limit time difference of each order, such as 1800 seconds of the 1 st order, and the upper limit time differences of each order of other 6 orders forward according to the algorithm are 710 seconds, 408 seconds, 254 seconds, 152 seconds, 72 seconds and 0 second, respectively.
By dividing intoThe difference between the upper limits of the orders can further develop various control conditions with different control points corresponding to the temperature rise control indexes of each order. In particular, since the nominal temperature given by each component manufacturer is generally only nominal, and may actually be worse or better due to variations in process or materials, it is preferable to set more than the nominal limit temperature TMRMOr the upper limit time difference of each step is advanced by the margin R of a specific range amount, so as to make up the difference, and different pre-set control time or control temperature can be obtained for each step with different temperature rise to be used as a control point. Thus, each stage of control indexes as control conditions includes each stage upper limit temperature rise control index and each stage control point calculated by the stage upper limit temperature rise control index and the margin R; further, the control points include one of the control temperature and the control time, and the margin amount R is a set amount advanced by a specific range with respect to one of the temperature and the time. When the margin R is a specific time, the control points will be different in order and have a temperature lower than the nominal limit temperature TMRMThe temperature is controlled at different values so as to obtain different advanced reaction temperatures based on the temperature rise index under the same lead time.
Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of obtaining different control points according to the upper limit temperature rise control indicators and the margin R of each step shown in fig. 4, wherein the control points of the 1 st step and the 3 rd step are only given as examples. As shown in fig. 5, the unit of the margin R is set as time, and the margin time Δ T is set as 50 seconds, so that the control temperature of each step is estimated, and it can be estimated that the control temperature of the 1 st step is 124.5 degrees and the control temperature of the 3 rd step is 121.5 degrees. Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating the technical idea, and actually the value can be derived from the operation formula, which is listed as follows:
1stthe order is 95 deg.C + tan9.5 deg.C (180-5) ═ 124.5 deg.C
2nd Order 95 ℃ + tan22.9 ° x (71-5) ═ 123 DEG C
3rdThe order is 95 deg.C + tan36.3 deg.C (40.8-5) 121.5 deg.C
4th95 deg.C + tan49.7 deg.C (25.4-5) 118.5 deg.C
5thThe order is 95 deg.C + tan63.1 deg.C (15.2-5) to 114.5 deg.C
6thThe order is 95 deg.C + tan76.5 deg.C (7.2-5) ═ 103.5 deg.C
In the above example, except for the 7 th step, each step has its regulated temperature as the regulated point (since the 7 th step is 90 degrees). After the control condition generating unit 120 completes the control condition, the operation output unit 140 outputs the working temperature information, including the temperature and the corresponding time, received by the temperature collecting unit 130 from the protection start temperature TMSAfter calculating the working temperature rise index (in this example, the angle thereof), the working temperature rise index is compared with the N-level upper temperature rise control indexes to obtain a temperature rise conforming level, and then the control temperature of the temperature rise conforming level is compared with the working temperature information, if the working temperature is higher than the control temperature, the control device 160 executes the open circuit protection action to obtain the overload open circuit protection. Wherein, besides the control point of the open-circuit protection, different margin R can be also used to obtain a more advanced control point for sending out the protection information for executing the warning action when reaching the more advanced control point; for example, if the margin R is 100 seconds, a warning message is sent when the degree reaches 123.6 degrees, for example. Therefore, there can be multiple control points for each stage, and each control point can be used to perform one of various actions including warning or cutting off, even adjusting the power supply amount of the power circuit.
In addition, in the warning aspect, the remaining time for the working temperature information to continue to rise to the temperature that meets the control temperature of the level can be calculated by using an extrapolation method, and different protection information can be sent according to the difference of the remaining time. For example, if the remaining time is less than the upper time difference of the 6 th order, i.e. falls within the range of the 7 th order, the control device 160 is immediately notified to turn off the power utilization circuit 1, and the warning device 170 is caused to perform a long-time red light warning; if the time difference is greater than the upper limit time difference of the 6 th order and less than 300 seconds, for example, the warning device 170 performs the protection action of the flash red light every 0.5 seconds; if the time is more than 300 seconds but less than 1800 seconds, executing the action of flashing the red light every 2 seconds; if the time exceeds 1800 seconds, an operation of flashing every 5 seconds is executed, but if the temperature reaches the controlled temperature for cutting, the operation of cutting is executed. If the temperature drops below the controlled temperature due to reasons, the overload protection device automatically turns off the alarm and stops the temperature monitoring, and the normal operation is recovered.
In the above example, the control conditions may be set to: although the working temperature does not reach a cut-off control temperature, the working temperature is continuously raised to a specific temperature within a specific time, namely, specific protection action information for cutting off the power supply of the electric loop 1 is also generated within the specific time. For example, although the shutdown control temperature of the 1 st level is not reached to 124.5 ℃, the temperature of the alarm control temperature of 120 ℃ for example is reached, and the shutdown operation is still performed after the temperature rises to 2 ℃ within 10 minutes. In addition, in an extreme case, the nominal limit temperature TM can be uniformly adjusted without considering the circuit response timeRMThe cut-off control temperature of each temperature-rise control index is regarded as the warning control temperature, but the warning control temperature is still given different advance temperatures according to different temperature-rise indexes, so that enough time can be given to respond to different temperature-rise control indexes. In a preferred embodiment, it is also preferred that the trip limit temperature be set below the actual damage nominal limit temperature TMRM。
In addition, although the remaining margin R is exemplified by time, it may be temperature, and the control point based on the control time for each step is estimated for each step upper limit time by comparing the above-mentioned manner. For example, if the margin R is 5 degrees, a regulation time of 1500 seconds for the 1 st level, 600 seconds for the 2 nd level, etc. can be obtained.
Further, the residual margin R is set to 50 seconds, but may be set by a user using the parameter setting unit 110, or may be automatically generated by the overload protection apparatus 100 or may be automatically generated according to the protection sensitivity level. For example, in the case of setting a protection sensitivity level, if the protection sensitivity level is classified into 6 levels (ultra low/medium/high) and the margin amounts R are 2/10/20/30/40/50 seconds respectively, the nominal limit temperature TM can be setRMAnd protection initiation temperature TMSThe temperature difference is, for example, within 4.5 ℃, 4.5 ℃ to 9.5 ℃, 9.5 ℃ to 14.5 ℃ and 14, respectively.The temperature is between 5 ℃ and 19.5 ℃, between 19.5 ℃ and 24.5 ℃ and is more than 24.5 ℃, namely, the surplus margin R is automatically set to be 2 seconds, 10 seconds, 20 seconds, 30 seconds, 40 seconds and 50 seconds respectively, and corresponds to the sensitivity grades of (extremely low, medium and high). Thus, an automatic setting of the margin R can be achieved. The above-mentioned is to automatically set the margin R by the temperature difference, but the margin R may be set only by the sensitivity level without depending on the temperature difference; or the margin R is set according to both the temperature difference and the sensitivity level, for example, the temperature difference is 20 degrees, and the margin R is 45 seconds if the sensitivity level is high.
The generation, setting and comparison of various control conditions are described above, and the receiving and operation of the operating temperature are further described. When the overload protection device 100, which is an MCU or IC, senses that the operating temperature exceeds the protection start temperature TMSThen, the collection of working temperature information including temperature and time difference is started, for example, every 0.1 second or other intervals, the collection of the temperature data of the origin and destination (just sampling) is started, the temperature difference △ TM is calculated, if the △ TM is greater than 0.25 deg.C, such as the measurement accuracy of the NTC temperature sensing component 150, that is, the nearest 2-point temperature is taken, and the angle θ (tan) is calculated as the temperature rise index-1(△ TM/0.01) in 10 seconds, or further taking the 2 nd point as the starting point, taking the temperature of the nearest two points of the 3 rd point, and calculating the angle theta (tan)-1(△ TM/0.01)), and so on, if △ TM<At 0.25 deg.C, the angle theta (tan) is calculated by taking the temperature of the last two points of 1-3, 1-4, or 1-5-1(△TM/0.02)、tan-1(△TM/0.03)、tan-1(△ TM/0.04)), or starting at points 3, 4 and 5, and taking the temperatures of the two closest points at points 4, 5 and 6, and if △ TM is still present<And the temperature of the last two points of the 3-5 th, 4-6 th and 5-7 th points is taken at 0.25 ℃. By analogy, the angle theta (tan) is calculated-1[△TM/(0.01x2)]Or tan is-1[△TM/(0.01x3)]、tan-1[△TM/(0.01x4)]Etc.), and judges that the temperature falls in the range of the step, if the temperature reaches the control temperature of the step, the operation is immediately turned off, otherwise, the normal operation is resumed. In short, the working temperature rise index is obtained by using the working temperatures of two consecutive sampling points of the working temperature information when the temperature difference between the two sampling points is greater than a specific valueCalculating the working temperature rise index according to the degree information; when the temperature difference between the two consecutive sampling points is smaller than a specific value, the working temperature rise index is calculated by using the working temperature information obtained by separating at least one sampling point from the two sampling points with the temperature difference larger than the specific value. The operating temperature rise index may be an arctan or a slope.
Combining the above types, the control condition may be a combination of at least one of a control temperature, a control time, and a temperature rise control index of the working temperature under a time difference. Moreover, when the control condition is the matching of a certain temperature-rise control index and a certain control point, different temperature-rise control indexes can be given to different control points. Accordingly, matrix control conditions can be obtained for different modes, and the nominal limit temperature TM is usedRMIs the upper limit value. When the received working temperature information meets any one of the control conditions, a protection information for executing a specific protection action is sent out, and different specific protection actions can be given according to different control conditions. The specific protection action can be an alarm, or control the power supply condition of the power circuit 1, or perform the two actions in cooperation.
According to the various embodiments of the present invention, when the Short circuit (Short) defined in the safety specification occurs, the overload protection device can quickly turn off the power circuit 1 in 0.1 second or less, and the accumulated heat energy of 0.1 second does not cause the component or device to fire, and the function of the overload protection device is equivalent to that of a fuse. Further, since the reaction speed of this overload protection device is greater than or equal to that of the fuse and is much greater than that of the return type circuit breaker, it is not so much that there is no fuse or circuit breaker in the electric circuit 1; in addition, for the step-type current rise, the overload protection device can be switched off at the proper control temperature of each step by the user according to the actual circuit design and the designed safety control range, so that the overload protection device is superior to a fuse and a circuit breaker.
For example, if the load 13 is a thermal pad, the internal resistance will increase as the heater wire degrades, resulting in a rapid pumping constant current flow through the load, and the temperature will begin to rise abnormally, which will also be reflected in the inlet assembly of the thermal pad. Therefore, the weakest component is found out from the power components of the power circuit 1 according to the above description, and the three-gate switch 14, which is the inlet component, is added with the overload protection device disclosed by the present invention, and the temperature-raising index of the inlet component reflecting the condition falls on the 7 th level, which is enough to turn off the power supply in real time (0.1 second), thereby effectively ensuring the safety in use.
Therefore, the overload protection device disclosed by the invention can give consideration to current overload protection caused by the inside or outside of some slave devices, and has the advantages of a fuse but has no/few disadvantages; the circuit breaker has the function of a circuit breaker but improves the defect of slow response, so the circuit breaker can replace most of the application of fuses and circuit breakers, and particularly has devices which generate heat and need to be started/closed frequently, such as a heating pad, a dehumidifier, a cooling machine, a central air-conditioning outlet fan and other power supplies; or a switch, such as a socket, a patch socket, an extension cord, a wireless switch, etc., which has a rear connection device and cannot be expected. The overload protection device disclosed by the invention has absolute advantages. Moreover, if there are two entry systems in the device, and one of the systems has the above situation, the device can be used with a fuse at the same time, or the system and the fuse are used separately to protect each system separately.
According to the foregoing embodiments, the present invention also discloses a protection flow of the overload protection method shown in fig. 6. As shown in fig. 6, an overload protection method according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
a parameter setting step S1 for setting a nominal limit temperature TM of a target power component in an electric circuitRMAnd the benchmark power component has a working temperature caused by passing one of the working currents;
a control condition generating step S2 for generating a control condition according to the nominal limit temperature TMRMGenerating a plurality of control conditions representing the abnormal working temperature of the benchmark power assembly;
a temperature collecting step S3, for receiving the working temperature information of the target power component; and the number of the first and second groups,
an operation output step S4, calculating a working temperature rise index according to the working temperature information, and sending a protection information for executing a specific protection action when the working temperature rise index meets one of the control conditions. .
In a preferred embodiment, the temperature collecting step further comprises attaching a temperature sensing element to the power element of the post for sensing the operating temperature and sending the operating temperature information; the method further includes a control step S5 for setting a control device in the power utilization circuit for receiving the protection information and adjusting the power supply of the power utilization circuit, wherein the adjusting includes cutting off. The benchmarking power module, as previously described, may be the weakest module or may be the entry module.
In another preferred embodiment, the protection method further comprises: an alert step S6, for receiving the protection information and sending an alert; the specific protection action is given different warning modes according to different control conditions; the control condition includes at least one of a control temperature, a control time, and a temperature rise control indicator of the working temperature in a time zone.
In addition, the parameter setting step S1 may further include setting a protection start temperature TMSMargin R, upper limit time difference TP for protectionMThe minimum time difference TP for protectionSAt least one of the control orders, the sensitivity levels, and the like, for completing the setting of the control conditions of each order, such as the upper limit temperature rise control index of each order, the upper limit angle of each order, the upper limit time difference of each order, each control point, and the like. The method disclosed in this embodiment achieves the same effect as the overload protection device.
In summary, the technical ideas disclosed in the various embodiments of the present invention can be used to obtain an overload protection apparatus and method capable of obtaining the best overload protection. Meanwhile, an optimal intelligent overload protection device and method which can automatically adjust parameters according to the actual circuit condition to be protected by a user and can automatically generate each control point can be obtained. Finally, it is emphasized that the components disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention are merely examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and other equivalents and modifications may be substituted for the components disclosed in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (20)
1. An overload protection apparatus, comprising:
a parameter setting unit for setting a nominal limit temperature of a benchmark power component in the power utilization circuit, wherein the benchmark power component has an operating temperature caused by passing one of the operating currents;
a control condition generating unit for generating a plurality of control conditions representing the abnormal working temperature of the benchmark power component according to the nominal limit temperature;
the temperature collecting unit is used for receiving the working temperature information of the benchmark power component; and the number of the first and second groups,
the operation output unit calculates the working temperature rise index according to the working temperature information and sends out protection information for executing specific protection actions when the working temperature rise index meets one of the control conditions.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
the temperature sensing component is attached to the benchmark power component and used for sensing the working temperature and sending out the working temperature information; and the number of the first and second groups,
the regulation and control device is arranged in the power utilization circuit and is used for receiving the protection signal and regulating the power supply of the power utilization circuit, and the regulation comprises the cut-off;
and the benchmark power component is one of all power components of the power circuit, and when the working current exceeds the rated load, the benchmark power component reaches the limit temperature at the highest speed, and the limit temperature is taken as the nominal limit temperature.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
the temperature sensing component is attached to the benchmark power component and used for sensing the working temperature and sending out the working temperature information; and the number of the first and second groups,
a control device, disposed in the power circuit, for receiving the protection signal and adjusting the power supply of the power circuit, wherein the adjustment includes cutting off;
and the benchmark power component is an inlet component of the power utilization loop, the weakest power component which reaches the limit temperature of the power utilization loop at the fastest speed when the working current exceeds the rated load is arranged in all the power components of the power utilization loop, and the nominal limit temperature is the working temperature of the benchmark power component when the weakest power component is at the limit temperature.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a warning device for receiving the protection signal and sending a warning; the specific protection action is given different warning modes according to different control conditions; and each of the control conditions includes at least one of a control temperature, a control time, and a temperature rise control indicator of the operating temperature under the time difference.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the control condition generating unit is configured to set an upper limit temperature rise control indicator of N-th order as the control conditions according to the nominal limit temperature, and a protection start temperature, an upper limit time difference, and a lower limit time difference, where N is a positive integer.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the regulation condition generating unit defines a 1 st upper limit angle of the N orders according to the upper limit difference and a temperature difference between the nominal limit temperature and the protection start temperature by taking an arctan thereof; and according to the minimum time difference and the temperature difference, the arctan angle is taken to define the upper limit angle of the N order; and using (the N-order upper limit angle-the 1 st order upper limit angle)/(N-1) as the range of each of the N-1 orders except the 1 st order, and sequentially accumulating the ranges of each of the N orders to obtain each of the N-1 orders upper limit angles; the N-level upper limit temperature rise control indicators refer to the upper limit angles of each level.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the regulation condition generating unit further comprises means for generating upper limit time differences of the N-1 orders according to the upper limit temperature rise regulation indicators of the N-1 orders and the nominal limit temperature, and the upper limit time differences of the N-1 orders are obtained according to the upper limit time differences and the ratio of the first upper limit tangent to the upper limit tangents of the orders.
8. The apparatus according to claim 5 or 7, wherein the control condition generating unit further comprises a step setting unit for setting an N-level control indicator as the control condition according to the margin R and each step upper limit temperature rise control indicator of the N-level upper limit temperature rise control indicator, and each step control indicator comprises a step upper limit temperature rise control indicator and a step control point calculated by the step upper limit temperature rise control indicator and the margin R; also, the margin amount R is a set amount advanced by a certain range as soon as one of the temperature and the time, and the regulation points include one of the regulated temperature and the regulated time.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the operation output unit compares the operating temperature rise index with the upper limit temperature rise control indexes of N orders to obtain a temperature rise conforming order, calculates a remaining time for the temperature rise to continue to rise to the control point of the temperature rise conforming order, and sends out different protection information according to the remaining time, and the specific protection action is to adjust at least one of power supply of the power circuit and alarm, the adjustment includes cutting off.
10. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the parameter setting unit is further configured to set the protection start temperature, and the protection start temperature is a temperature of the benchmark power component when the power utilization loop is at its rated load.
11. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the parameter setting unit is further configured to set a protection sensitivity level, and the protection start temperature is a temperature that is lower than the nominal limit temperature and varies according to the protection sensitivity level.
12. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the margin is automatically set according to at least one of a temperature difference between the protection start temperature and the nominal limit temperature and a protection sensitivity level.
13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the operating temperature rise index is calculated from the operating temperature information of two consecutive sampling points of the operating temperature information when the temperature difference between the two sampling points is greater than or equal to a specific value; when the temperature difference between the two continuous sampling points is less than a specific value, the working temperature rise index is calculated by continuously sampling working temperature information obtained by two sampling points at intervals when the temperature difference is greater than the specific value.
14. An overload protection method, comprising:
a parameter setting step, which is used for setting the nominal limit temperature of a benchmark power component in the power utilization loop, wherein the benchmark power component has the working temperature caused by passing one of the working currents;
a control condition generating step for generating a plurality of control conditions representing the abnormal working temperature of the benchmark power component according to the nominal limit temperature;
a temperature collecting step for receiving the working temperature information of the benchmark power component; and the number of the first and second groups,
and a calculation output step, calculating the working temperature rise index according to the working temperature information, and sending out protection information for executing a specific protection action when the working temperature rise index meets one of the control conditions.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the temperature collecting step further comprises attaching a temperature sensing element to the power device of the target for sensing the operating temperature and sending the operating temperature information; the method further comprises a control step for setting a control device in the power loop for receiving the protection information and adjusting the power supply of the power loop, wherein the adjustment comprises cutting off;
and the benchmark power component is one of all power components of the power circuit, and when the working current exceeds the rated load, the benchmark power component reaches the limit temperature at the highest speed, and the limit temperature is taken as the nominal limit temperature.
16. The method of claim 14, wherein the temperature collecting step further comprises attaching a temperature sensing element to the power device of the target for sensing the operating temperature and sending the operating temperature information; the method also comprises a regulation step for setting a regulation device in the power utilization loop to receive the protection information and regulate the power supply of the power utilization loop, wherein the regulation comprises cutting off;
and wherein the benchmark power component is an inlet component of the power utilization loop, among all power components of the power utilization loop, a weakest power component which reaches the limit temperature of the weakest power component at the highest speed when the working current exceeds the rated load is provided, and the nominal limit temperature is the working temperature of the benchmark power component when the weakest power component is at the limit temperature.
17. The method of claim 14, further comprising: an alarm step, for receiving the protection information and sending out an alarm; the specific protection action is given different warning modes according to different control conditions; the control condition includes at least one of a control temperature, a control time, and a temperature rise control indicator of the working temperature in a time zone.
18. The method of claim 14, wherein the controlling condition generating step is used for setting an upper temperature-rise controlling indicator of N-th order as the controlling conditions according to the nominal limit temperature, and the protection starting temperature, the upper limit time difference, and the lower limit time difference, where N is a positive integer; and is used for defining the 1 st order upper limit angle in the N orders according to the upper limit time difference and the temperature difference between the nominal limit temperature and the protection initial temperature; and according to the minimum time difference and the temperature difference, the arctan angle is taken to define the upper limit angle of the N order; and using (the N-order upper limit angle-the 1 st order upper limit angle)/(N-1) as the range of each of the N-1 orders except the 1 st order, and sequentially accumulating the ranges of each of the N orders to obtain each of the N-1 orders upper limit angles; the N-level upper limit temperature rise control indicators refer to the upper limit angles of each level.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the step of generating the control condition further comprises setting an N-level control indicator as the control condition according to the margin and each of the N-level upper temperature rise control indicators, wherein each of the N-level control indicators comprises a level upper temperature rise control indicator and a level control point calculated by the level upper temperature rise control indicator and the margin; also, the margin amount is a set amount advanced by a certain range as soon as one of the temperature and the time, and the regulation points include one of the regulated temperature and the regulated time.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the operation output step compares the operating temperature rise index with the upper limit temperature rise control indicators of N orders to obtain a temperature rise compliance level, calculates a remaining time for the operating temperature rise index to continue to rise to the control point of the temperature rise compliance level, and sends out different protection information according to the remaining time, and the specific protection action is at least one of adjusting power supply of the power circuit and giving out an alarm, the adjusting including cutting off.
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