CN111523823A - Method for determining multi-point cigarette production standard sample through membership function - Google Patents
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- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 204
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Natural products CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N (-)-Nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCC[C@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229960002715 nicotine Drugs 0.000 claims description 16
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 42
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 26
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 15
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 10
- 238000013441 quality evaluation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000275 quality assurance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- G06Q10/063—Operations research, analysis or management
- G06Q10/0639—Performance analysis of employees; Performance analysis of enterprise or organisation operations
- G06Q10/06393—Score-carding, benchmarking or key performance indicator [KPI] analysis
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
- G06Q10/06—Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
- G06Q10/063—Operations research, analysis or management
- G06Q10/0639—Performance analysis of employees; Performance analysis of enterprise or organisation operations
- G06Q10/06395—Quality analysis or management
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q50/00—Systems or methods specially adapted for specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
- G06Q50/04—Manufacturing
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/30—Computing systems specially adapted for manufacturing
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for determining a multipoint cigarette production standard sample by a membership function, which comprises the following steps of ① detecting quality indexes of multipoint cigarette production samples respectively, ② normalizing numerical values detected in the step ① by the membership function, ③ substituting index numerical values of the multipoint cigarette production obtained in the step ② by the normalization of the membership function into the following formula to calculate, wherein M is X11*0.20+X12*0.05+X13*0.05+X21*0.25+X22*0.05+X23*0.05+X31And ④, calculating according to step ③ to obtain the highest M value of the cigarettes produced at each point, and determining the highest M value as the standard cigarette sample.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco production, and particularly relates to a method for determining a multi-point cigarette production standard sample by normalizing cigarette indexes and correspondingly weighting by adopting a membership metric function and quantifying the comprehensive quality score of a cigarette sample.
Background
Under the development and layout of tobacco brands of large brands, large enterprises and large markets, the multipoint production and cooperative production of cigarettes with the same specification become mainstream ways of brand scale development in recent years. The physical, smoke and sensory quality indexes of cigarettes with the same specification are different in different degrees in multi-point production, so that the tobacco industry periodically carries out the determination work of cigarette standard samples. The determination work of the cigarette standard sample plays a role of quality benchmarking in the aspects of product quality consistency evaluation, homogenization maintenance, process equipment upgrading and reconstruction, leaf group and sugar formula maintenance and the like. Therefore, the quality of the cigarette standard sample is an important factor for restricting the quality improvement and maintenance of multipoint processing and cooperative production brands.
The existing method for determining the multi-point production standard of cigarettes with the same specification comprises the following steps: detecting cigarette quality indexes according to related standards in the tobacco industry, wherein after qualitative judgment of the rolling quality such as cigarette appearance, physical quality, tar content, carbon monoxide, nicotine content and the like is qualified, sorting the rolling quality according to the sensory quality scores, and determining the cigarette with the highest sensory score as a standard cigarette sample of a certain brand specification; if the cigarette with the highest sensory score has two or more production points with the same score, multiple rounds of paired comparison inspection or three-point inspection sensory quality evaluation are needed to finally determine which production point produces the cigarette as the standard sample. The determination method of the cigarette standard sample in the prior art has a plurality of defects: 1. the method emphasizes the sensory quality score of the sample, and physical indexes, smoke and the like are less considered, so that the physical indexes, the smoke and the like corresponding to the standard cigarette sample have large fluctuation. 2. The cigarette end dropping rate, the stem cut content and the like are not considered, along with the improvement of the detection technology and the continuous improvement of a detection standard system, the quality standard requirements of the cigarette standard sample need to be updated and perfected, and the end dropping rate, the stem cut content and the like are not considered, so that the key quality indexes considered in the cigarette standard sample determination process are insufficient. 3. The phenomenon that the sensory quality score of the smokers in the existing cigarette standard sample determining process tends to be common in target production points such as the first production enterprise sample of the product is common, and the objectivity of selecting the cigarette standard sample is insufficient. 4. The quality scoring items related to the cigarette standard samples are qualified or not and roughly graded according to the existing national standard, industrial standard and specification, and quantitative scoring is not carried out; under the background that brand cooperation production points are gradually increased, the situation that scores of a plurality of production points are the same or the difference is small often occurs, so that multiple rounds of paired comparison tests or three-point test sensory quality evaluation are needed, and the evaluation workload is correspondingly increased. Due to the defects of the existing determining method of the standard of the multipoint cigarette production, the determining result of the existing cigarette standard sample cannot represent the standard sample with the optimal comprehensive quality, and the standard function of the cigarette standard sample for guiding the manufacturing process, formula and product maintenance of the multipoint cigarette processing cannot be exerted.
The present invention has been made to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the existing method for determining the multi-point production standard of cigarettes with the same specification, provides a method for determining a cigarette standard sample by using a membership function, perfects physical quality indexes, establishes the membership functions of cigarette physics, smoke, sensory quality and the like, and efficiently and quantitatively determines the cigarette standard sample with the optimal comprehensive quality. Meanwhile, subjective influence and multiple rounds of sensory quality evaluation work in the cigarette standard sample determination process are greatly reduced. The invention adopts a method of normalizing the physical, smoke and sensory quality indexes of the cigarettes by a membership measurement function and correspondingly weighting to quantify the comprehensive quality score of the cigarette sample, thereby determining the quality guarantee method of the multi-point cigarette production standard sample.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for determining a multi-point cigarette production standard sample by a membership function comprises the following steps:
① detecting the quality index of cigarette sample at multiple points, physical appearance X11Turning rate X12Cut-to-stick ratio X13Amount of tar X21Of carbon monoxide X22Amount of nicotine X23Sensory quality X31Peculiar smell X32And mildew X33；
Normalizing the numerical value obtained by the detection in the step one by adopting the following membership function;
wherein, X12，X13Determined by the following membership functions:
wherein, X11And X31Determined by the following membership functions:
wherein, X21、X22And X23Determined by the following membership functions:
③ the index values of each point produced cigarette obtained by normalization of membership function in step ② are respectively substituted into the following formula to calculate that M is X11*0.20+X12*0.05+X13*0.05+X21*0.25+X22*0.05+X23*0.05+X31*0.35；
Fourthly, determining the highest M value of the cigarettes produced at each point as the standard cigarette sample according to the calculation of the third step.
Preferably, a sample of cigarettes produced at a point of manufacture in step ① is X if present32And/or X33And (4) index, the cigarette sample produced at the production point is not included in the evaluation flow of the cigarette standard sample.
Preferably, the detection of each index in the step (i) is carried out according to related standards in the tobacco industry.
The method for determining the multi-point cigarette production standard sample by the membership function comprises the following steps:
(1) sequentially detecting cigarette quality indexes to be determined according to related standards in the tobacco industry, wherein the cigarette quality indexes comprise evaluation items of cigarette rolling quality, smoke components and sensory quality, and the evaluation items in three aspects are designed into 7 specific evaluation indexes (see the following table 1);
wherein, physical appearance X11The indexes comprise 13 (the defects of A class, B class and C class are respectively 3, 2 and 8) and the cigarette physical indexes comprise 10 (the defects of A class, B class and C class are respectively 1, 2 and 7). And after the quality deduction values of the physical indexes and the appearance indexes are summarized, subtracting the quality defect deduction score from 100 to obtain a physical appearance quality score.
Among them, the turning tendency index is one of the quality defects with high market complaint rate in two years, and is particularly focused on high-end high-price cigarettes and cigarette brand specifications with high multi-point processing yield. The tobacco industry also timely issues a test for detecting the falling head tendency of the combustion cone of the standard YC/T558-2018 cigarette, guides production enterprises to develop technical challenges in aspects of detecting instruments, products, cigarette materials, processes and the like, but is not included in the existing method for determining the standard sample of the multi-point produced cigarette. Meanwhile, market feedback and quality control practice show that the stalk content is an important factor for restricting indexes such as product physics (hardness), appearance (such as piercing cigarettes), combustion quality (combustion cone size, combustion temperature fluctuation and the like), consumption in the rolling process (low stalk content and large stalk filament sorting and removing amount), and the like, but the stalk content is not included in the currently determined method of the multi-point production standard. Based on the analysis, the method of the invention integrates the physical indexes of the cigarette standard sample into the indexes of the cut stem content and the turning rate, so that the rolling quality index is more in line with the current control situation of the cigarette quality.
The smoke components comprise tar, carbon monoxide and nicotine. According to the actual development of the industry, the tar yield design value of cigarettes with the production grade specification is generally not higher than 11 mg.
(2) And classifying the membership function according to the direction and degree of influence of key quality indexes contained in the physical appearance, smoke and sensory quality evaluation items of the cigarettes on the product quality. The index belonging to the inverse S-type membership function includes the head drop rate X12Stem cut content X13The formula of the membership function is as follows:
the indexes belonging to the S-type membership function comprise cigarette physical appearance indexes X11Sensory quality X31The formula of the membership function is
The index belonging to the parabolic membership function includes the amount of tar X21Carbon monoxide X22Nicotine amount X23The formula of the membership function is
Normalizing the detected index values according to the membership function type of each index, wherein the turning points or inflection points related to the membership function are as follows: lower limit of critical value a1Or evaluation value lower limit a and optimum value lower limit b1Upper limit of optimum value b2An upper threshold a2Or an evaluation value upper limit b. According to YCT198.4-2012 cigarette brand cooperative production quality assurance specification part 4: the evaluation and improvement of related industry standard requirements are carried out, turning points related to quality index membership functions of samples with different cigarette brands and specifications are different, and the turning points of the same cigarette brand and specification are unchanged. Wherein the sensory quality X of the cigarette sample31Amount of tar X21Carbon monoxide X22Nicotine amount X23The turning points of tar content, carbon monoxide and nicotine content are determined according to the standard value of the cigarette brand specification box (see table 1). Cigarette part 6 according to GB/T5606.6-2005: the quality comprehensive judgment sensory quality evaluation relates to the classification and the requirement of the price class, the lower limit of the sensory quality is determined by the lower limit of the sensory quality corresponding to the price class, the upper limit is determined by the highest value of a sensory quality standard sample periodically released by the industry, the upper limit is the Chinese brand produced by Shanghai tobacco group for a long time, and the sensory value is 93.5 minutes. The turning points of other indexes are irrelevant to the design value of the cigarette brand specification and the price, and are consistent quality requirements.
TABLE 1 cigarette sample comprehensive quality membership function classification and turning point
(3) The comprehensive quality score calculation model of the cigarette sample comprises the following steps:
m-physical appearance X110.20+ end-cutting rate X120.05+ cut stem content X130.05+ amount of tar X210.25+ carbon monoxide X220.05+ amount of nicotine X230.05+ sensory Mass X31*0.35；
And respectively substituting the index values of the cigarettes produced at each point obtained by normalization of the membership function into the formula for calculation.
(4) Cigarette standard sample determination
And sequencing the cigarette sample with the highest score in sequence from high to low according to the comprehensive quality score of the cigarette sample to obtain the cigarette standard sample, wherein the cigarette sample with the highest M value is the cigarette standard sample.
Wherein: the sensory quality evaluation items also comprise peculiar smell and mildew indexes; the peculiar smell and the mildew belong to negative terms, namely, one or both of peculiar smell and mildew indexes appear, and the cigarette sample is not included in the process of determining the cigarette standard sample, namely, the cigarette sample produced at the production point is not included in the process of selecting the cigarette standard sample.
The above-mentioned 7 evaluation indexes and 2 negative indexes are quantitatively determined according to the existing related tobacco industry standards and literature methods. The related tobacco industry standards and literature methods include: YC/T138-; GB/T23356-2009 cigarette gas phase carbon monoxide determination non-scattering infrared method; GB/T23203.1-2008 determination of moisture in cigarette total particulate matter-gas chromatography; measuring nicotine in the total particulate matter of GB/T23355-2009 cigarette-gas chromatography; measuring total particulate matters and tar by a smoking machine for routine analysis of GB/T19609-2004 cigarettes; correcting detection data of tar and carbon monoxide in mainstream smoke of YC/T541-2016 cigarettes; GB/T5606.3-2005 cigarette part 3: packaging, rolling, storing and transporting; the YC/T558-2018 cigarette combustion cone falling tendency is tested; determining the cut content in the rejected cut stems of the YC/T428-2012 cigarette making machine (the cut stem content method is the same as the cut stem content determination); GB/T22838 and 2009 cigarette and filter stick physical property determination (sections 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11 and 12), etc.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method of the invention normalizes the comprehensive quality scores of the cigarette samples by adopting the membership function, solves the phenomenon of small score difference caused by qualified and unqualified quality index judgment such as smoke indexes in the evaluation of the existing cigarette standard samples, and obviously reduces the defects of repeated evaluation and low working efficiency of the existing cigarette standard samples.
2. The method comprehensively considers key quality indexes such as cigarette rolling quality, smoke quality, sensory quality and the like, and the determined cigarette standard sample is the sample with the optimal comprehensive cigarette quality, but not only the sample with the optimal sensory quality. Meanwhile, the method greatly improves the cigarette rolling quality and the weight of smoke mass, and obviously improves the objectivity, scientificity and reliability of the determination method of the cigarette standard sample.
3. The method combines the quality development status of the tobacco industry, and integrates new indexes such as the crop-end-losing rate, the cut-stem-containing rate and the like into the item of the determination method of the cigarette standard sample, so that the cigarette rolling quality evaluation item is more in line with the cigarette quality control status.
4. Cigarettes of the same cigarette brand and specification processed in multiple points have certain differences in cigarette physical indexes such as cigarette gram weight, suction resistance, ventilation dilution rate and the like. The comprehensive quality of the cigarette standard sample determined by the invention is used as a marker post, and can support the maintenance and adjustment work of the rolling physical index in turn, and the continuous improvement of the cigarette quality is continuously promoted.
Detailed description of the invention
Example 1
Selecting 6 production points with the maximum cigarette yield of a certain brand specification, and performing sensory quality evaluation on cigarette samples of the 6 production points according to YC/T138-. Meanwhile, the physical appearance, the turning rate, the cut stem content, the tar content mg, the carbon monoxide mg and the nicotine content mg of the cigarette are detected according to a standard and a literature method.
Wherein the physical appearance index quality score is determined as follows: the cigarette appearance index comprises 13 (3, 2 and 8 defects of A, B and C) and the cigarette physical index comprises 10 (1, 2 and 7 defects of A, B and C). And after the quality defect deduction values of the physical indexes and the appearance indexes are summarized, subtracting the quality defect deduction value from 100 to obtain a physical appearance quality score. The rolling quality defect detection, classification and unit deduction value are shown in GB/T5606.3-2005 cigarette part 3: packaging, rolling technical requirements and storage and transportation (table 4 and table 5 in the standard show index setting and defect classification).
TABLE 2 detection and evaluation of certain brand of cigarette
Cigarette standards were determined using existing methods:
according to the cigarette brand specification box standard value, the belonging price and the relevant information of the production technical standard, determining the technical standard requirements of tar content mg, carbon monoxide mg and nicotine content mg and judging whether the cigarette brand specification box is qualified or not. And determining the physical appearance quality defect according to the rolling quality defect detection, classification and unit deduction value, and judging whether the product is qualified according to the standard requirement that the physical appearance quality score is 60.
On the basis of the qualified indexes, sorting according to the sensory quality scores of the cigarettes of the 6 production plants, wherein the cigarette sample with the highest score is the cigarette standard sample of the brand size at this time. As can be seen from Table 2, the B, C two production points with better sensory scores scored equally. And further carrying out sensory quality evaluation by adopting paired comparison inspection, wherein the evaluation result is that the sample of the C factory is greater than the sample of the B factory, namely the sample of the C factory is determined to be a standard sample of cigarettes of a certain brand specification.
The membership function of the invention is used for determining the cigarette standard sample:
(1) and (3) determining the turning point of the membership function according to the standard value and the value information of the brand specification of the cigarette, wherein the standard value of the cigarette box comprises 10.0mg of tar, 12.0mg of carbon monoxide and 1.1mg of nicotine, the cigarette belongs to trivalent cigarettes, the lower limit of sensory quality is 75.0 minutes, and the turning point of the membership function is calculated by substituting the values into table 1 (see table 3).
TABLE 3 membership function types and turning point settings
And normalizing each quality index by using the membership function.
The index belonging to the inverse S-type membership function includes the head drop rate X12Stem cut content X13The formula of the membership function is
Taking turn-around rate as an example to illustrate, the change process of the turn-around rate belongs to an inverse S-type membership function, and turning points a and b corresponding to the change process are respectively 2.5 percent and 12.5 percentAnd the measured value x of the sample end-drop rate of the B factory137.5% (see Table 2), degree of membership X13Is that
X12＝7.5-12.5/2.5-12.5＝0.500
And calculating the same turning rate of other quality indexes belonging to the inverse S-type membership function. Turning rate X of cigarette samples produced at 6 production points12Stem cut content X13The results of the membership function normalization are shown in Table 4.
The indexes belonging to the S-type membership function comprise cigarette physical appearance indexes X11Sensory quality X31The formula of the membership function is
The sensory quality is taken as an example to illustrate that the sensory quality change process belongs to an S-type membership function, the corresponding turning points a and B are 75.0 minutes and 93.5 minutes respectively, and the sensory quality measured value x of the sample from the B factory is31Is 89.9 points (see Table 2) of membership degree X31Is that
X31＝89.9-75.0/93.5-75.0＝0.805
And calculating the quality of the isosensory by using other quality indexes belonging to the S-type membership function. Physical appearance index X of cigarette samples produced at 6 production points11Sensory quality X31The results of the membership function normalization are shown in Table 4.
The index belonging to the parabolic membership function includes the amount of tar X21Carbon monoxide X22Nicotine amount X23The formula of the membership function is
Taking the tar amount as an example, the tar amount variation process belongs to a parabolic membership function, and the corresponding turning point a1、b1、b2、a28.5mg, 9.5mg, 10.5mg and 11.5mg, respectively, and the measured tar amount x of the sample from the B plant2110.3mg (see Table 2), 10.3mg belongs to the optimal interval, and the tar amount membership degree is X21Is 1.000. And calculating the same tar amount by other quality indexes belonging to the parabola-shaped membership function. Tar X of cigarette samples produced at 6 production points21Carbon monoxide X22Nicotine amount X23The results of the membership function normalization are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 cigarette sample membership degree function normalization index results
| Detecting the index | Plant A | B plant | C plant | D plant | E plant | F plant |
| Physical appearance X11 | 0.995 | 0.995 | 0.983 | 1.000 | 0.995 | 1.000 |
| Head drop rate X12 | 0.750 | 0.500 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.250 | 0.300 |
| Cut stem content X13 | 0.900 | 1.000 | 0.600 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.500 |
| Amount of tar X21 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| Carbon monoxide X22 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| Amount of nicotine X23 | 0.500 | 0.600 | 0.500 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Sensory quality X31 | 0.795 | 0.805 | 0.805 | 0.795 | 0.789 | 0.800 |
| Peculiar smell X32 | / | / | / | / | / | / |
| Mildewed X33 | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Calculating the comprehensive quality score of the cigarette sample:
after the membership function normalizes all the quality indexes, the comprehensive quality scores of the cigarette samples at different production points are respectively calculated, and the comprehensive quality score model of the cigarette samples is as follows:
m-physical appearance X110.20+ end-cutting rate X120.05+ cut stem content X130.05+ amount of tar X210.25+ carbon monoxide X220.05+ amount of nicotine X230.05+ sensory Mass X31*0.35；
The comprehensive quality score conditions and the sequence of the cigarette samples produced according to the M calculation results at 6 production points are shown in Table 5. From table 5, it can be seen that the cigarette samples of the plant B have the highest comprehensive quality score and no negative items such as off-flavor and mildew appear, and the samples of the plant B are determined as the standard samples of the cigarettes of the certain brand size.
TABLE 5 comprehensive score and ranking of cigarette samples
The existing method and the method of the invention determine the comparison condition of the cigarette standard samples:
the results and the sequence of the cigarette standard sample determination by the current method and the method of the invention are shown in Table 6. The current method uses the cigarette at the production point C as a standard cigarette sample. But in fact, the cigarette at the production point C has high turning rate of the combustion cone, namely the turning defect of the combustion cone is large, and the problem that the brand image is influenced negatively, such as market complaints, is brought. And the cigarette end-losing rate of the B production point is lower, and the B production point is more objective, scientific and reliable as a standard sample of cigarettes of a certain brand specification.
TABLE 6 cigarette Standard samples different determination method selection results
The comparison shows that the existing method determines that the cigarette standard sample results are easy to have the same score, and the main reason for the situation is that the physical appearance quality and the smoke quality of the cigarettes are only qualitatively judged whether to be qualified or not. With the progress of the cigarette quality control technology, the probability of obvious serious product quality defects is low, and the unqualified quality index is low; with the deep promotion of the guarantee specification of the cigarette brand cooperative production quality, the consistency level of the multipoint processing quality is continuously improved, the difference of sensory quality scores is smaller or close, and the sensory quality index weight of the existing method is over designed; due to the superposition of the factors, the situation that the score difference of the cigarette standard sample is small or the score difference is the same, so that the conventional method needs multiple sensory quality tests, and the accuracy of the determination work of the cigarette standard sample is greatly influenced due to the high subjectivity of the sensory quality. In addition, the existing method has complex judging process, needs to artificially judge whether the detection value falls in the corresponding quality index interval, and has large workload and higher error probability. In terms of detection efficiency, on the basis of the existing detection data, a quality inspector working for years needs at least 30min to complete the judgment work, and different quality inspectors need to check the judgment result repeatedly to ensure the consistency of the judgment result. This increases the workload of evaluation accordingly.
The membership function method has larger discrete degree of the calculation result, can determine the cigarette standard samples of a plurality of production points at one time, hardly generates the condition of the same calculation result, and has more scientific, objective and reliable determination process. Mainly embodied in the following aspects: 1. the evaluation index is more complete and more in line with the actual development of the industry; 2. the membership function increases the degree of dispersion of the quality index; 3. the weights of the physical appearance indexes and the smoke quality indexes of the cigarettes are relatively increased, so that the selection result of the standard cigarette sample can represent the sample with the optimal comprehensive quality of the brand specification.
Example 2
Selecting a certain fine cigarette processed by 4 production points with the maximum brand specification yield, and carrying out sensory quality evaluation on the cigarette samples produced by the 4 production points according to a YC/T138-. Meanwhile, the physical appearance, the turning rate, the cut stem content, the tar content mg, the carbon monoxide mg and the nicotine content mg of the cigarette are detected according to a standard and a literature method.
Wherein, the cigarette appearance index comprises 13 items (the A-type, B-type and C-type defects are respectively 3 items, 2 items and 8 items), and the cigarette physical index comprises 10 items (the A-type, B-type and C-type defects are respectively 1 item, 2 items and 7 items). And after the quality deduction values of the physical indexes and the appearance indexes are summarized, subtracting the quality defect deduction score from 100 to obtain the quality score of the physical appearance indexes. The rolling quality defect detection, classification and unit deduction value are shown in GB/T5606.3-2005 cigarette part 3: packaging, rolling technical requirements and storage and transportation (table 4 and table 5 in the standard show index setting and defect classification).
The existing method determines the standard sample of the fine cigarette:
according to the cigarette brand specification box standard value, the belonging price and the relevant information of the production technical standard, determining the technical standard requirements of tar content mg, carbon monoxide mg and nicotine content mg, and judging whether the cigarette brand specification box is qualified or not. And determining the physical appearance quality defect according to the rolling quality defect detection, classification and unit deduction value, and judging whether the product is qualified according to the standard requirement that the physical appearance quality score is 60. On the basis of qualified indexes, sorting according to the sensory quality scores of cigarettes produced by the 4 production points, wherein the cigarette sample with the highest score is the cigarette standard sample of the brand at this time. The cigarette sample produced by the C factory is determined as a standard cigarette sample of a certain brand specification, and is shown in Table 7.
TABLE 7 detection and evaluation of certain brand of cigarette
The membership function of the invention is used for determining the standard sample of the ramuscule cigarettes:
(1) according to the cigarette brand specification box standard value and the affiliated price information, the turning point with an undetermined membership function is determined, wherein the box standard value tar content is 8.0mg, the carbon monoxide content is 7.0mg and the nicotine content is 0.8mg, the cigarette belongs to trivalent cigarettes, the lowest sensory quality is 75 minutes, and the turning point of the membership function is calculated by substituting the turning point into table 1 as shown in table 8.
TABLE 8 membership function types and turning point settings
The index belonging to the inverse S-type membership function includes the head drop rate X12Stem cut content X13The formula of the membership function is
Taking turn-around rate as an example, the change process of turn-around rate belongs to inverse S-type membership function, the corresponding turning points a and b are 2.5% and 12.5%, respectively, the measured value of turn-around rate of the sample in the factory Ax1310.0% of degree of membership X13Is that
X12＝10.0-12.5/2.5-12.5＝0.250
And calculating the same turning rate of other quality indexes belonging to the inverse S-type membership function. Turning rate X of cigarette samples produced at 4 production points12Stem cut content X13The results of the membership function normalization are shown in Table 9.
The indexes belonging to the S-type membership function comprise cigarette physical appearance indexes X11Sensory quality X31The formula of the membership function is
The index belonging to the parabolic membership function includes the amount of tar X21Carbon monoxide X22Nicotine amount X23The formula of the membership function is
The physical appearance index X of the cigarette samples produced by the 4 production points11And the turning rate X12Stem cut content X13Sensory quality X31And the amount of tar X21Carbon monoxide X22Nicotine amount X23The results of the membership function normalization are shown in Table 9.
TABLE 9 cigarette sample membership function normalization of each index result
| Detecting the index | Plant A | B plant | C plant | D plant |
| Physical appearance X11 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.995 | 0.975 |
| Head drop rate X12 | 0.250 | 0.500 | 1.000 | 0.750 |
| Cut stem content X13 | 0.500 | 0.800 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
| Amount of tar X21 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.500 |
| Carbon monoxide X22 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.950 | 1.000 |
| Amount of nicotine X23 | 1.000 | 0.800 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| Sensory quality X31 | 0.832 | 0.816 | 0.849 | 0.838 |
| Peculiar smell X32 | / | / | / | / |
| Mildewed X33 | / | / | / | / |
The comprehensive quality score of the cigarette sample is calculated as follows: after the membership function normalizes all the quality indexes, the comprehensive quality scores of the cigarette samples of different production plants are respectively calculated, and the comprehensive quality score model of the cigarette samples is as follows:
M＝X11*0.20+X12*0.05+X13*0.05+X21*0.25+X22*0.05+X23*0.05+X31*0.35
according to the above M calculation results, the comprehensive score conditions and the sequence of the cigarette samples produced at 4 production points are shown in Table 10. As can be seen from Table 10, the cigarette samples of C factories have the highest comprehensive quality score and no negative items such as peculiar smell and mildew appear, and the cigarette samples of C factories are determined as the standard cigarette samples of certain brand specifications.
TABLE 10 comprehensive score and ranking of cigarette samples
The existing method and the method of the invention determine the comparison condition of the cigarette standard samples:
the results and the sequence of the current method for the standard sample of the ramuscule cigarettes and the method of the invention are shown in Table 11. In both methods, the C factory is used as a cigarette standard sample, the rolling quality of the sample in the C factory has no obvious defect, and the sensory quality is the highest. However, in the sequencing situation, the two determination methods have larger differences in sequencing of the cigarette samples in the A factory, the B factory and the C factory due to the larger difference in indexes such as the rolling quality, the smoke quality and the like. In conclusion, the method for determining the cigarette standard sample by the membership function can more accurately reflect the quality control condition.
TABLE 11 selection results of different determination methods for cigarette standard samples
Claims (3)
1. A method for determining a multi-point cigarette production standard sample by a membership function is characterized by comprising the following steps:
① detecting the quality index of cigarette sample at multiple points, physical appearance X11Turning rate X12Cut-to-stick ratio X13Amount of tar X21Of carbon monoxide X22Amount of nicotine X23Sensory quality X31Peculiar smell X32And mildew X33；
Normalizing the numerical value obtained by the detection in the step one by adopting the following membership function;
wherein X12，X13Determined by the following membership functions:
wherein, X11And X31Determined by the following membership functions:
wherein, X21、X22And X23Determined by the following membership functions:
③ the index values of each point produced cigarette obtained by normalization of membership function in step ② are respectively substituted into the following formula to calculate that M is X11*0.20+X12*0.05+X13*0.05+X21*0.25+X22*0.05+X23*0.05+X31*0.35；
Fourthly, determining the highest M value of the cigarettes produced at each point as the standard cigarette sample according to the calculation of the third step.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the sample of cigarettes produced at a point of manufacture in step ① is X if present32And/or X33And (4) index, the cigarette sample produced at the production point is not included in the evaluation flow of the cigarette standard sample.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the detection of each index in step (i) is performed according to tobacco industry-related standards.
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