CN111522892B - Geographic element retrieval method and device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a geographic element searching method and device, relates to the technical field of electronic maps, and mainly aims to search geographic elements coded based on a space object coding method and improve the accuracy of geographic element searching. The main technical scheme comprises the following steps: obtaining geographic elements to be retrieved; coding geographic elements to be searched according to a preset coding method to obtain a coding sequence to be searched; comparing the code sequence to be searched with the code sequences corresponding to a plurality of space objects to determine geographic elements matched with the geographic elements to be searched, wherein the code sequences corresponding to the plurality of space objects are code sequences obtained by coding according to the preset coding method; the predetermined coding method is a spatial object coding method based on geographic element metadata and spatial position joint hash, and the coding sequence is a code value sequence of metadata coding of geographic elements and position coding sequence combination of different levels.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the technical field of electronic maps, and in particular, to a method and an apparatus for retrieving a geographic element.
Background
Geospatial information is an important information resource for information society, and is widely used in various industries and even in every corner of society. With the construction of space positioning systems such as GPS/beidou and the like and the rapid popularization of mobile intelligent devices (such as mobile phones), location-based services (LBS) are rapidly developed, and the living of the LBS and the human beings is also more and more compact. In daily life, a large amount of data with geographic position labels can be generated through mobile intelligent equipment every day, and effective identification and retrieval of the geographic data are of great practical significance. In this process, how to perform differential analysis and spatial similarity evaluation on geographic elements from different sources, identify geographic elements expressing real world similar geographic phenomena in a map database, and establish logical links also become a great challenge.
The traditional space data retrieval method is mainly based on retrieval of position and keywords, and researches on space relations such as space positions, space distances, space attributes and the like are more, but the methods do not consider the influence of the shapes of geographic elements on similarity, complex space similarity clustering relations are difficult to express, and a mature solution is not available in similarity scoring and sequencing of retrieval results.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a method and apparatus for retrieving a geographic element, which mainly aims to retrieve a geographic element encoded by a spatial object encoding method, and improve accuracy of geographic element retrieval.
In order to solve the problems, the invention mainly provides the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for retrieving a geographic element, including:
obtaining geographic elements to be retrieved;
coding geographic elements to be searched according to a preset coding method to obtain a coding sequence to be searched;
comparing the code sequence to be searched with code sequences corresponding to a plurality of space objects to determine geographic elements matched with the geographic elements to be searched, wherein the code sequences corresponding to the plurality of space objects are code sequences obtained by coding according to the preset coding method;
the predetermined coding method is a spatial object coding method based on geographic element metadata and spatial position joint hash, the coding sequence is a code value sequence of combination of the geographic element metadata coding and position coding sequences of different levels, and the metadata coding at least comprises metadata feature coding.
In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a retrieving device for a geographic element, including:
the acquisition unit is used for acquiring the geographic elements to be searched;
the coding unit is used for coding the geographic elements to be searched according to a preset coding method to obtain a coding sequence to be searched;
the searching unit is used for comparing the coding sequence to be searched with the coding sequences corresponding to a plurality of space objects to determine geographic elements matched with the geographic elements to be searched, wherein the coding sequences corresponding to the plurality of space objects are obtained by coding according to the preset coding method;
the predetermined coding method is a spatial object coding method based on geographic element metadata and spatial position joint hash, the coding sequence is a code value sequence of combination of the geographic element metadata coding and position coding sequences of different levels, and the metadata coding at least comprises metadata feature coding.
In a third aspect, the present invention further provides a server, including at least one processor, a storage medium, where the storage medium is used to store a program executed by the processor, and data required by the processor in executing the program;
Wherein the program, when executed by the processor, implements the steps of the method for retrieving a geographic element as described above.
The method and the device for searching the geographic elements provided by the invention encode the spatial objects in the database and the geographic elements to be searched based on the geographic element metadata and spatial position joint hash, so that the spatial objects and the geographic elements to be searched are converted into a code value sequence comprising the combination of metadata codes and position data codes, and the predetermined codes are the same because of the similar geographic elements, the codes of the geographic elements to be searched are compared with the codes of the spatial objects in the database, and the spatial objects matched with the geographic elements to be searched are determined, so that the searched spatial objects are more accurate.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout the figures. In the drawings:
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a code value sequence composition structure of a geographic element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a flowchart of a method for encoding geographic elements according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a process for forming a geographic element code according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of a method for retrieving a geographic element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 shows a flowchart of a search method for comparing the code sequence to be searched with code sequences corresponding to a plurality of space objects to obtain geographic elements according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a method for constructing and retrieving a B+ tree index according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a method for retrieving geographic elements based on a constructed B+ tree according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a block diagram showing a retrieving apparatus for geographic elements according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing another geographic element searching apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a block diagram showing another geographical element retrieving apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating another geographic element searching apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 12 is a block diagram showing another geographical element retrieving apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
Query retrieval based on spatial data similarity metrics is one of the underlying applications of a range of location services (LBS) such as map data fusion, spatial consistency detection, traffic flow analysis, electronic map navigation, etc. By means of unified measurement on the space objects, effective retrieval and optimized storage are carried out on the similar space objects, and the method has important practical significance in providing more accurate scene similarity retrieval in a mode conforming to human cognition.
In the embodiment of the invention, the method and the device are mainly used for processing the geographic elements in the electronic map and improving the retrieval accuracy of the map elements, wherein the geographic elements are mainly used for representing geographic contents in the map and can be understood as space objects with certain space positions, such as mountains, rivers, buildings, roads and the like.
Specifically, the invention achieves the aim of improving the accuracy of searching the geographic elements by coding the geographic elements, wherein the geographic element coding is a code value sequence of metadata and position data combination, and can be used for clustering and similarity evaluation of similar space objects, and the similar space objects usually show the same code value prefix. In the embodiment of the invention, the code value sequence of the geographic element is the code value sequence of the combination of the metadata code and the position data code of the geographic element, wherein the metadata code at least comprises metadata feature codes, and the position data code comprises position code sequences of different levels of the geographic element. The code value structure of the code value sequence is divided into three major parts, as shown in fig. 1, including: metadata feature coding, hierarchical position Hash sequence (fractal level coding), metadata value coding, and three independent coding spaces, wherein after coding, coding is combined and arranged. In performing the combined permutation of the codes, the following representations may be used, but are not limited to: metadata feature codes |hierarchical position Hash sequences|sequence combinations of metadata value codes, "|" is a reserved separation symbol of a specific meaning, and may also be other forms of separation symbols, which is not limited in the specific embodiment of the present invention.
Among other things, metadata features, which contain a collection sequence of spatial object metadata feature ranges, typically contain the type of spatial object (point/line/plane), object attribute type, etc.
The hierarchical position Hash sequence is a hierarchical priority combined coding structure. In the hierarchical combination coding process, the space object is subjected to dimension reduction treatment, and the two-dimensional space similarity problem is converted into the one-dimensional coding problem.
Metadata values, which are complementary types of codes, generally include area (face), perimeter (line/face), coordinates xy average, and other priority weights ordered by weight factors, common weights and low-level weights, etc., for the fine distinction of spatial objects, belonging to the lowest level of coding.
Before the search operation of the geographic elements is executed, all the space objects in the geographic element database, namely the geographic elements, need to be encoded one by one, so that the geographic elements are changed from two-dimensional information into a series of encoding sequences in the form shown in figure 1. The method comprises the steps of encoding a plurality of space objects in a database one by one according to a preset encoding method to obtain a corresponding encoding sequence, wherein the encoding sequence comprises metadata features, a hierarchical position Hash sequence and metadata values, and the metadata values can be or can not be available. In the specific encoding process, the metadata features, the hierarchical position Hash sequences and the metadata values need to be encoded respectively, and the metadata values are encoded and arranged in a combined way after being encoded respectively. Specifically, the method may be implemented, but is not limited to, as shown in fig. 2, where the method includes:
101. Metadata features and spatial locations of the spatial objects are acquired.
It should be noted that, since the metadata value is a supplementary type parameter for confirming accuracy of similarity between geographic elements, the metadata value may be used or not used in searching for similarity of elements in the ground, so that the metadata value may be acquired according to actual requirements when acquiring, and if a similarity with higher accuracy is required, the corresponding metadata value may be acquired, and the acquiring of the metadata value may be performed in this step, or may be performed separately. When the metadata value is acquired, it is also necessary to encode the metadata value separately and arrange it in combination with the metadata feature code and the spatial position code when encoding is performed later.
When the embodiment of the invention acquires the space position of the space object, the space coordinate position directly input by a professional can be acquired, and the space coordinate position can be acquired by inquiring the storage information of the database. After the spatial position of the spatial object is acquired, the metadata feature of the corresponding spatial object is acquired according to the coordinate position, and the metadata feature is not limited to including the spatial position feature, but may include an attribute type distinguishing feature and the like.
In addition, it should be noted that, the space object corresponding to the embodiment of the present invention may be a point, a line, or a plane; the line and the plane have a certain position space which can be directly obtained according to the coordinates, and when the line and the plane are points, the grid space of the grid where the points are located in the electronic map can be obtained, and the position space of the grid is taken as the position space of the points.
102. And encoding the metadata features according to a first encoding rule to obtain metadata feature codes.
The first coding rule in the embodiment of the invention can be, but is not limited to, a 16-system Unicode coding structure, and the corresponding codes are mapped by the corresponding external code table and are standard of space object qualitative. The most significant bits of the code value should be of the type of spatial object in general, for example: the total length of metadata feature codes should not exceed 16 bits, i.e. the combination arrangement of not more than 16 characters, in the design, for points/lines/planes corresponding to 0/1/2, respectively. For example, as shown in fig. 3, the space object is an expressway, which presents a line whose metadata feature is encoded as 1A.
103. And carrying out fractal division on the space position by adopting a layer-by-layer recursive fission mode according to a preset space position fractal rule, dividing the space position into a hierarchy at a time, and exponentially growing grids in each hierarchy.
The spatial position fractal rule in the embodiment of the invention can be a rule grid fission, or can be a Z-order curve/Hilbert curve for recursively decomposing a plane into smaller sub-blocks, and in particular, the embodiment of the invention is not limited to the above. In a general sense, the regular grid fission process may be to uniformly divide the nine grids on a regular two-dimensional plane, and divide each grid again in the next level until the lowest level is reached, so as to build a top-down pyramid grid structure model. Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the spatial position of the expressway is divided in the first-level nine-grid fission; and (3) the second-level nine-grid fission, wherein one grid in the first-level nine-grid fission is divided into nine grids.
104. The grids in each hierarchy are encoded to determine the hierarchy coding sequence of grids through which the spatial object passes in different hierarchies.
The hierarchical coding sequence is to perform Hash coding processing on each layer of geographic objects, namely, record the grid numbers passed by each layer of geographic objects.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the encoding of each hierarchy may adopt a method not limited to the following method: numbering grids of each level; and recording the grid numbers passed by the space objects in each level according to a preset rule to obtain a level coding sequence, wherein the preset rule is that the parent grid numbers of the child grid codes are not recorded, and the child grids belonging to different parent grids in the same level are required to be segmented by using second segmentation symbols. The second division symbol may be, but is not limited to, a space, and specific embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and other division symbol divisions may be used.
In the embodiment of the invention, a nine-square grid is taken as an example to illustrate position coding, and particularly as shown in fig. 3, a spatial region of a highway with metadata feature coding of 1A is divided into nine-square grids, and each grid of the nine-square grids is numbered to be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 in sequence; recording the mesh passed by the expressway with the metadata feature code of 1A as follows: 12589, the 12589 is used as the first level coding of the expressway.
Dividing each nine-grid by the network fission mode, dividing the space position of one grid into 9 grids with smaller areas, and numbering the 9 grids respectively, namely 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9; the grid number passed by the expressway with the metadata feature number of 1A is recorded. When the grid number passed by the expressway is recorded, the child grid code does not record the parent grid number, the child grids belonging to different parent grids in the hierarchy are required to be divided by a second division symbol, the child grids belonging to the same parent grid are not required to be divided by a second division symbol, in the embodiment of the invention, the grid passed by the expressway is recorded by taking the second separator as a blank as an example: 56 47 12587 1456 45, the grid number sequence 56 47 12587 1456 45 is used as a secondary code for the highway at the second level. The division of the spatial regions continues in this manner, as required by the accuracy of the similarity, down to the level where fission is required, for example to the second level, the deeper levels will not be listed one by one.
105. And combining the hierarchical coding sequences of different hierarchies from high hierarchy to low hierarchy as the position coding sequences of the space object, and dividing the hierarchical coding sequences of different hierarchies by a first separation symbol.
In the embodiment of the invention, the space area of each grid is gradually reduced from the high level to the second level. In addition, the first separator in the embodiment of the present invention may be "|" or may be another separator, which is not limited in particular embodiment of the present invention.
Based on the combination mode of the position coding sequences, the position coding sequence obtained in the embodiment of the invention is 12589|56 47 12587 1456 45.
106. And combining and arranging the metadata feature codes and the position code sequences to obtain code sequences corresponding to the space objects.
When the metadata feature codes and the position code sequences are arranged in a combined way, the sequence of the metadata feature codes and the position code sequences is not limited, but the metadata feature codes are fixed codes, the position code sequences are variable-length code sequences based on the precision requirement, and the metadata feature codes are preferably placed in front of the position code sequences, so that the code sequences with coarse granularity to fine granularity are finally obtained. The separator between the metadata feature code and the position code sequence may be "|", may be "&", or may be another separator, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention. Based on the above description, the spatial object corresponds to a coding sequence 1A|12589|56 47 12587 1456 45 or 1A&12589|56 47 12587 1456 45. Thus, by having spatial coding sequences that distinguish granular expressions, similar read accuracy of spatial objects of the same Hash code at different hierarchical levels is different, and by combining codes from thick to thin, similar geographic elements typically have a common Hash prefix in the sequence expression.
In addition, it should be noted that, during encoding, since the metadata value is a parameter that supplements the similarity precision, if the metadata value is obtained during obtaining metadata, during encoding, the metadata value is encoded according to a second encoding rule, so as to obtain metadata value encoding; the second encoding rule may be encoding according to a sum of weight values of attributes of each parameter included in the metadata value, or encoding according to a certain parameter value, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, for example, the encoding is performed according to the length attribute parameter of the expressway, which is encoded as 100. After the codes of the metadata values are obtained, the metadata feature codes, the position code sequences and the metadata value codes are combined and arranged to obtain code sequences corresponding to the space objects. The position where the metadata value code is placed is not limited, and for convenience of searching, in the implementation of the present invention, the spatial object code sequence obtained after the metadata value code is placed in the position code sequence is generally: 1A|12589|56 47 12587 1456 45|100, or 1A&12589|56 47 12587 1456 45&100.
Based on the above encoding manner of the space object, the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for retrieving a geographic element, as shown in fig. 4, where the method includes:
201. and obtaining the geographic elements to be retrieved.
The geographic elements to be searched can be input manually or can be acquired automatically, and the specific embodiment of the invention is not limited to the above. Typically obtained by a user entered geographic element query condition that typically represents a spatial object description and similar query condition values. The geographic elements to be searched can be query conditions for directly searching similar geographic elements, for example, similar positions of the query position point B; the indirect condition for retrieving other map information may be, for example, query all the vehicle driving tracks on the road X, and the query condition includes the retrieval of the similar road of the road X, that is, the indirect condition for querying the vehicle driving tracks.
Two different acquisition modes are available for different user groups, specifically: for a common user, semantic analysis and data preprocessing acquisition are carried out on descriptive instructions (communication media such as characters/voices) input by the user. Aiming at professional engineering personnel, the input standard sql grammar query condition is directly analyzed for acquisition.
202. And encoding the geographic elements to be retrieved according to a preset encoding method to obtain a coding sequence to be retrieved.
The predetermined encoding method used in this step is the same as the encoding method of the spatial object in the database, and is a spatial object encoding method based on geographic element metadata and spatial location joint hash, and the structure of the obtained encoding sequence to be retrieved is consistent with the structure of the encoding sequence of the spatial object in the database, so the specific encoding method can refer to the encoding mode of the spatial object, and the embodiment of the invention will not be described herein.
In addition, when the geographic elements to be searched are coded, if the level of the position coding is not required, coding of the same level as the space object can be selected to be written; and if the hierarchy of the position coding is required, coding the corresponding hierarchy of the geographic elements according to the layer number of the required hierarchy.
203. And comparing the coding sequence to be searched with the coding sequences corresponding to the plurality of space objects to determine geographic elements matched with the geographic elements to be searched.
The specific matching method may be that a spatial object corresponding to a coding sequence with the same predetermined number of bits as the coding sequence to be searched is determined as a geographic element matched with the geographic element to be searched, and the coding sequence corresponding to the spatial object is a coding sequence obtained by coding according to the predetermined coding method. The coding sequence is a code value sequence of the combination of metadata coding and position data coding of the geographic elements, the metadata coding at least comprises metadata feature coding, and the position data coding is a position coding sequence of different levels of the geographic elements.
In the embodiment of the invention, the space object in the database and the geographic elements to be searched are encoded based on the geographic element metadata and the space position joint hash space object encoding method (MetaGrid-hash encoding), so that the space object and the geographic elements to be searched are transformed into a code value sequence comprising the combination of the metadata encoding and the position data encoding sequence.
Further, when comparing the coding sequence to be searched with the coding sequences corresponding to the plurality of space objects to determine the geographic elements matched with the geographic elements to be searched, the method may be implemented by, but is not limited to, the following method, specifically as shown in fig. 5, including:
301. and obtaining target coding sequences corresponding to the plurality of space objects in the database.
302. And comparing the code sequences to be searched with the metadata feature codes in the target code sequences one by one, and extracting the target code sequences with the same metadata feature codes.
The specific implementation can be as follows: comparing the metadata feature code in the code sequence to be retrieved with the metadata feature code of a target code sequence; if the metadata feature encodings are the same, then 303; if the metadata feature codes are different, comparing with the metadata feature codes in the next target code sequence until all the target code sequences corresponding to the plurality of space objects obtained in step 301 are compared.
The metadata feature codes in the code sequences to be searched are the same as the metadata feature codes of the target code sequences, and the space object in the database is a geographic element similar to the geographic element to be searched, so that the position code sequences can be continuously searched to determine the matching degree, namely the similarity; the metadata feature codes in the code sequences to be searched are different from the metadata feature codes of the code sequences in the acquired database, so that the space object is dissimilar to the geographic elements to be searched, and the next comparison of the position code sequences is not needed.
303. And comparing the extracted target coding sequence with the position coding sequences in the coding sequences to be searched, and determining the space object corresponding to the target coding sequence with the same predetermined bit position coding sequence as the geographic element matched with the geographic element to be searched.
Comparing the position code sequence in the code sequence to be searched with the position code sequence of the code sequence in the acquired database, determining the space object with the same preset bit position code sequence as the geographic element similar to the geographic element to be searched, and continuing to execute 301 until all the code sequences in the database are queried.
Wherein, as described above, according to the above coding of the position area, the coding sequences with the same coding prefix can be known, and the geographic elements must be similar, so that the level of similarity needs to be determined by comparing the position coding sequences. When encoding the space object and the geographic elements to be searched, the hierarchy of the position encoding sequences may be consistent or inconsistent. In general, in order to achieve determination of similarity of different granularities, when multiple spatial objects are encoded, granularity is generally higher in level. However, for particularly important and complex geographic elements, the level required to be searched may also be consistent with the level of the spatial object code, and in particular, the embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto. Therefore, when comparing the position code sequence in the code sequence to be searched with the position code sequence of the target code sequence extracted in the step 302, if the search condition has no level limiting the position code, comparing the corresponding code sequences according to the sequence from front to back of the position code sequence until the code sequence is not the same as the code sequence to be searched; if the hierarchy of the position codes is limited in the search condition, the comparison of the corresponding code sequences can be performed in the order of the position code sequences from the front to the back, and the hierarchy required for searching the geographic element hierarchy is terminated.
In order to improve the searching speed of the geographic elements, the embodiment of the invention can further construct a B+ tree index after encoding the space objects in the database, and query and search of the geographic elements are performed based on the B+ tree index when the geographic elements are queried according to the searching request. Specifically, constructing the b+ tree index may be accomplished by, but is not limited to, the following methods:
and analyzing coding sequences corresponding to the plurality of space objects, and constructing a geographic element B+ tree index. As shown in fig. 6, the top node (root node) in the b+ tree index is a metadata feature code, the position code sequences of different levels are intermediate index nodes, the lowest parent node (leaf node) is a metadata value code, and pointers of the spatial objects are sequentially stored on the leaf nodes.
The retrieving of the geographic elements based on the constructed b+ tree index may be implemented by, but is not limited to, the following methods, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, including:
401. and receiving a query instruction input by a user.
For example, the user enters an instruction: and inquiring all the vehicle running tracks on the road X, receiving an inquiry instruction which is input by a user and is used for inquiring all the vehicle running tracks on the road X in the embodiment of the invention.
402. And carrying out data preprocessing to obtain the geographic elements and the geographic element position levels corresponding to the query instructions.
The method comprises the steps of performing data preprocessing to obtain a geographic element expression G of a geographic element road X corresponding to a query instruction and a query position level parameter N; and a corresponding vehicle track database M.
403. An SQL statement is generated.
In the embodiment of the invention, to acquire all the vehicle running tracks on the road X, the road X for acquiring the vehicle running tracks is firstly encoded, and then similar running tracks are acquired based on the corresponding encoding. It is necessary to first design a function for encoding the road X, which is designed as: metagridhash (< G >, < N >), which is the process of acquiring a spatial object to a certain level of Grid-hash code. According to the SQL query grammar, an SQL statement for acquiring all the vehicle driving tracks on the road X is generated, wherein the SQL query statement is select from M where Y like metagridhash (G, N).
404. Retrieving top level nodes in the B+ tree index according to SQL sentences, namely retrieving root nodes of the B+ tree; determining the same pointing position as the metadata feature code of the code sequence to be retrieved to obtain a child node pointer; if the child node pointer is not obtained, ending the comparison query; if a child node pointer is obtained, 405 is performed.
If the child node pointer is not obtained, the fact that no geographic elements similar to the geographic elements to be searched exist in the database is indicated, and the search flow is ended; if the child node pointer is obtained, the fact that the geographic elements similar to the geographic elements to be searched exist in the database is indicated, the position coding sequence of the geographic elements needs to be further searched, and similar levels are determined.
405. And hierarchically and downwards exploring the positions of the child nodes of the same father sequence prefix step by step, and acquiring a space object set corresponding to all or limited number of leaf nodes under the child node pointers to obtain the geographic elements matched with the geographic elements to be searched.
Specifically, no match is found at any level in the exploration process, and the method returns to the blank, otherwise, the search is continued until the constraint level, and the search is terminated.
The hierarchical level-by-level downward exploration of the child node position of the same father sequence prefix is the retrieval intermediate node, and the N-level downward exploration is needed to be terminated in the intermediate node because the acquired position coding sequence with the level of N is needed to be acquired in the acquired retrieval condition.
Further, after the matched geographic elements are retrieved, in order to determine the geographic elements most similar to the geographic elements to be retrieved, the embodiment of the invention may further sort the matched geographic elements according to metadata values; and taking the geographic element with the largest metadata value as the geographic element which is most matched with the geographic element to be searched.
Based on the above method embodiment, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a device for retrieving a geographic element, as shown in fig. 8, where the device includes:
an obtaining unit 51, configured to obtain a geographic element to be retrieved; the geographic elements to be searched can be input manually or can be acquired automatically, and the specific embodiment of the invention is not limited to the above. Typically obtained by a user entered geographic element query condition that typically represents a spatial object description and similar query condition values. The geographic elements to be searched can be query conditions for directly acquiring similar geographic elements, for example, similar positions of the query position points B; the indirect condition for acquiring other map information may be, for example, inquiring all the vehicle running tracks on the road X, and the acquisition of the similar road of the road X in the inquiring condition is the indirect condition for inquiring the vehicle running tracks.
Two different acquisition modes are available for different user groups, specifically: for a common user, semantic analysis and data preprocessing acquisition are carried out on descriptive instructions (communication media such as characters/voices) input by the user. Aiming at professional engineering personnel, the input standard sql grammar query condition is directly analyzed for acquisition.
The encoding unit 52 is configured to encode the geographic element to be retrieved obtained by the obtaining unit 51 according to a predetermined encoding method to obtain a code sequence to be retrieved.
A retrieving unit 53, configured to compare the coding sequence to be retrieved obtained by the encoding unit 52 with coding sequences corresponding to a plurality of spatial objects, so as to determine a geographic element matched with the geographic element to be retrieved, where the coding sequences corresponding to the plurality of spatial objects are coding sequences obtained by encoding according to the predetermined coding method;
the predetermined coding method is a spatial object coding method based on geographic element metadata and spatial position joint hash, the coding sequence is a code value sequence of combination of the geographic element metadata coding and position coding sequences of different levels, and the metadata coding at least comprises metadata feature coding.
Further, as shown in fig. 9, the retrieving unit 53 includes:
the obtaining module 531 is configured to obtain target coding sequences corresponding to a plurality of spatial objects in the database;
a first comparing module 532, configured to compare the code sequence to be retrieved with the metadata feature codes in the target code sequence acquired by the acquiring module 531 one by one, and extract a target code sequence with the same metadata feature code;
The second comparing module 533 is configured to compare the target coding sequence extracted by the first comparing module 532 with the position coding sequences in the coding sequences to be searched, and determine a spatial object corresponding to the target coding sequence having the same predetermined bit position coding sequence as a geographic element matched with the geographic element to be searched.
Wherein, the second comparing module 533 is further configured to:
comparing the corresponding coding sequences according to the sequence from front to back of the position coding sequences until the coding sequence which is the same as the coding sequence to be searched does not exist;
or,
and comparing the corresponding coding sequences according to the sequence of the position coding sequences from front to back, and ending the hierarchy required by the hierarchy of the search geographic element.
Further, the encoding unit 52 is further configured to:
before the retrieval unit 53 compares the code sequence to be retrieved with the code sequences corresponding to the plurality of space objects, the plurality of space objects are encoded one by one according to the predetermined encoding method, so as to obtain the corresponding code sequences.
Further, as shown in fig. 10, the encoding unit 52 includes:
an acquisition module 521, configured to acquire metadata features and a spatial location of a spatial object;
The first encoding module 522 is configured to encode the metadata feature obtained by the obtaining module 521 according to a first encoding rule, so as to obtain a metadata feature code in the encoding sequence;
the position dividing module 523 is configured to divide the spatial position obtained by the obtaining module 521 into a level at a time by adopting a layer-by-layer recursive fission manner according to a predetermined spatial position fractal rule, where the grid in each level grows exponentially;
a second encoding module 524, configured to encode the grids in each level divided by the location division module 523, and determine a level encoding sequence of the grids through which the spatial object passes in different levels;
a position code arrangement module 525, configured to combine, according to a sequence of the level fission from high to low, the level code sequences of different levels by the second coding module 524 as the position code sequences of the spatial object, where the level code sequences of different levels are partitioned by a first partition symbol;
the code combining module 526 is configured to combine the metadata feature code and the position code sequence to obtain a code sequence corresponding to the spatial object.
Wherein the second encoding module 524 is configured to: numbering grids of each level; and recording the grid numbers passed by the space objects in each level according to a preset rule, and obtaining a level coding sequence, wherein the preset rule is that the parent grid numbers of the child grid codes are not recorded, and the level coding sequence among the child grids belonging to different parent grids in the same level is divided through a second division symbol.
Further, the metadata further includes metadata values, and the encoding unit 52 further includes:
the obtaining module 521 is further configured to obtain a metadata value of the spatial object;
a third encoding module 527, configured to encode the metadata value obtained by the obtaining module 521 according to a second encoding rule, so as to obtain metadata value encoding;
the code combining module 526 is further configured to combine and arrange the metadata feature code and the position code sequence and the metadata value code obtained by the third coding module 527 to obtain a code sequence corresponding to the space object.
Further, as shown in fig. 11, the apparatus further includes:
a ranking unit 54, configured to rank the matched geographic elements according to metadata values after the retrieving unit 53 compares the code sequence to be retrieved with code sequences corresponding to a plurality of spatial objects to determine the geographic elements matched with the geographic elements to be retrieved;
and the determining unit 55 is used for taking the geographic element with the largest metadata value as the geographic element which is most matched with the geographic element to be retrieved.
Further, as shown in fig. 12, the apparatus further includes:
the index creating unit 56 is configured to parse the coding sequences corresponding to the plurality of spatial objects, and construct a geographic element b+ tree index, where the top node in the b+ tree index is a metadata feature code, the position coding sequences of different levels are intermediate index nodes, the lowest parent node is a metadata value code, and pointers of the spatial objects are sequentially stored on leaf nodes.
After the index creation unit 56 creates the b+ tree index, the retrieval unit 53 specifically functions to:
retrieving the same pointing position of the top node in the B+ tree as the metadata feature code of the code sequence to be retrieved to obtain a child node pointer;
if the child node pointer is not obtained, ending the comparison query;
if the child node pointer is obtained, hierarchically and gradually downwards probing the child node positions of the same father sequence prefix; and acquiring a space object set corresponding to all or limited number of leaf nodes under the child node pointer to obtain a geographic element similar to the geographic element to be searched.
It should be noted that, for other descriptions of each functional unit and functional module according to the embodiments of the present invention, reference may be made to related descriptions in the method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a server, which comprises at least one processor and a storage medium, wherein the storage medium is used for storing a program executed by the processor and data required by the processor in the process of executing the program;
wherein the program, when executed by the processor, implements the steps of the method for retrieving a geographic element as described above.
According to the method and the device for searching the geographic elements, the spatial objects in the database and the geographic elements to be searched are coded based on the spatial object coding method of the geographic element metadata and spatial position joint hash, so that the spatial objects and the geographic elements to be searched are converted into a code value sequence comprising the combination of metadata coding and position data coding sequences, and the similar spatial objects usually represent the same code value prefix, the codes of the geographic elements to be searched and the codes of the spatial objects are compared, the spatial objects similar to the geographic elements to be searched are determined, the similarity between the geographic elements can be rapidly and accurately determined, and the accuracy of the similarity can be adjusted through layering, so that the spatial objects obtained through searching and the geographic elements to be searched have higher matching accuracy.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
In one typical configuration, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPUs), input/output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.
The memory may include volatile memory in a computer-readable medium, random Access Memory (RAM) and/or nonvolatile memory, etc., such as Read Only Memory (ROM) or flash RAM. Memory is an example of a computer-readable medium.
Computer readable media, including both non-transitory and non-transitory, removable and non-removable media, may implement information storage by any method or technology. The information may be computer readable instructions, data structures, modules of a program, or other data. Examples of storage media for a computer include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), static Random Access Memory (SRAM), dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), other types of Random Access Memory (RAM), read Only Memory (ROM), electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM), digital Versatile Discs (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transmission medium, which can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device. Computer-readable media, as defined herein, does not include transitory computer-readable media (transmission media), such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.
It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article or apparatus that comprises an element.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The foregoing is merely exemplary of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may be made to the present application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. which are within the spirit and principles of the present application are intended to be included within the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (14)
1. A method for retrieving a geographic element, comprising:
obtaining geographic elements to be retrieved;
coding geographic elements to be searched according to a preset coding method to obtain a coding sequence to be searched;
comparing the code sequence to be searched with code sequences corresponding to a plurality of space objects to determine geographic elements matched with the geographic elements to be searched, wherein the code sequences corresponding to the plurality of space objects are code sequences obtained by coding according to the preset coding method;
the method comprises the steps of obtaining metadata values of a space object, and obtaining a metadata value of the space object according to a second coding rule; the metadata features comprise a collection sequence of spatial object metadata feature ranges.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein comparing the code sequence to be retrieved with code sequences corresponding to a plurality of spatial objects to determine a geographic element that matches the geographic element to be retrieved comprises:
Acquiring target coding sequences corresponding to a plurality of space objects in a database;
comparing the code sequences to be searched with the metadata feature codes in the target code sequences one by one, and extracting target code sequences with the same metadata feature codes;
and comparing the extracted target coding sequence with the position coding sequences in the coding sequences to be searched, and determining the space object corresponding to the target coding sequence with the same preset bit position coding sequence as the geographic element matched with the geographic element to be searched.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein comparing the extracted target coding sequence with the position coding sequence in the coding sequence to be retrieved comprises:
comparing the corresponding coding sequences according to the sequence from front to back of the position coding sequences until the coding sequence which is the same as the coding sequence to be searched does not exist;
or,
and comparing the corresponding coding sequences according to the sequence of the position coding sequences from front to back, and ending the hierarchy required by the hierarchy of the search geographic element.
4. A method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that before comparing the coding sequence to be retrieved with the coding sequences corresponding to the plurality of spatial objects, the method further comprises:
And coding the plurality of space objects one by one according to the preset coding method to obtain a corresponding coding sequence.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein encoding the plurality of spatial objects one by one according to the predetermined encoding method to obtain the corresponding encoded sequence comprises:
acquiring metadata characteristics and space positions of the space objects;
encoding the metadata features according to a first encoding rule to obtain metadata feature codes;
fractal division is carried out on the space position in a layer-by-layer recursion fission mode according to a preset space position fractal rule, the space position is divided into a hierarchy at a time, and grids in each hierarchy grow exponentially;
encoding grids in each level, and determining a level encoding sequence of grids passed by the space object in different levels;
combining the hierarchical coding sequences of different hierarchies as the position coding sequences of the space object according to the hierarchical fission sequence from high to low, and dividing the hierarchical coding sequences of different hierarchies through a first separation symbol;
and combining the metadata feature codes and the position code sequences to obtain code sequences corresponding to the space objects.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein encoding the mesh in each level, determining a level encoding sequence of the mesh through which the spatial object passes in different levels, comprises:
numbering grids of each level;
and recording the grid numbers passed by the space objects in each level according to a preset rule, and obtaining a level coding sequence, wherein the preset rule is that the parent grid numbers of the child grid codes are not recorded, and the level coding sequence among the child grids belonging to different parent grids in the same level is divided through a second division symbol.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein after comparing the code sequence to be retrieved with the code sequences corresponding to the plurality of spatial objects to determine a geographic element that matches the geographic element to be retrieved, the method further comprises:
sorting the matched geographic elements according to the metadata values;
and taking the geographic element with the largest metadata value as the geographic element which is most matched with the geographic element to be searched.
8. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
and analyzing coding sequences corresponding to the plurality of space objects to construct a geographic element B+ tree index, wherein top-level nodes in the B+ tree index are metadata feature codes, position coding sequences of different levels are middle index nodes, the lowest-level father node is metadata value code, and pointers of the space objects are sequentially stored on leaf nodes.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein comparing the code sequence to be retrieved with code sequences corresponding to a plurality of spatial objects to determine a geographic element that matches the geographic element to be retrieved comprises:
retrieving the same pointing position of the top node in the B+ tree index as the metadata feature code of the code sequence to be retrieved to obtain a child node pointer;
if the child node pointer is not obtained, ending the comparison query;
if the child node pointer is obtained, hierarchically and gradually downwards probing the child node positions of the same father sequence prefix; and acquiring a space object set corresponding to all or limited number of leaf nodes under the child node pointer to obtain the geographic elements matched with the geographic elements to be searched.
10. A geographical element search device, comprising:
the acquisition unit is used for acquiring the geographic elements to be searched;
the coding unit is used for coding the geographic elements to be searched according to a preset coding method to obtain a coding sequence to be searched;
the searching unit is used for comparing the coding sequence to be searched with the coding sequences corresponding to a plurality of space objects to determine geographic elements matched with the geographic elements to be searched, wherein the coding sequences corresponding to the plurality of space objects are obtained by coding according to the preset coding method;
The method comprises the steps of obtaining metadata values of a space object, and obtaining a metadata value of the space object according to a second coding rule; the metadata features comprise the geometry of the spatial object metadata feature range.
11. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the retrieving unit comprises:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring target coding sequences corresponding to a plurality of space objects in the database;
the first comparison module is used for comparing the code sequences to be searched with the metadata feature codes in the target code sequences acquired by the acquisition module one by one, and extracting target code sequences with the same metadata feature codes;
and the second comparison module is used for comparing the target coding sequence extracted by the first comparison module with the position coding sequences in the coding sequences to be searched, and determining the space object corresponding to the target coding sequence with the same preset bit position coding sequence as the geographic element matched with the geographic element to be searched.
12. The apparatus according to any one of claims 10 or 11, wherein the encoding unit is further configured to:
before the retrieval unit compares the code sequence to be retrieved with the code sequences corresponding to the plurality of space objects, the plurality of space objects are encoded one by one according to the preset encoding method to obtain the corresponding code sequences.
13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the encoding unit comprises:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring metadata characteristics and space positions of the space objects;
the first coding module is used for coding the metadata characteristics according to a first coding rule to obtain metadata characteristic codes in a coding sequence;
the position dividing module is used for dividing the space position into a hierarchy once in a layer-by-layer recursion fission mode according to a preset space position fractal rule, and grids in each hierarchy increase exponentially;
the second coding module is used for coding grids in each level and determining a level coding sequence of grids passed by the space object in different levels;
the position coding arrangement module is used for combining the layer coding sequences of different layers as the position coding sequences of the space object according to the sequence of the layer fission from high to low, and the layer coding sequences of different layers are divided through a first separation symbol;
And the code combination module is used for combining the metadata characteristic codes and the position code sequences to obtain code sequences corresponding to the space objects.
14. A server comprising at least one processor, a storage medium for storing a program executed by the processor and data required by the processor in executing the program;
wherein the program when executed by a processor implements the steps of the method for retrieving a geographical element according to any one of claims 1-9.
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| CN114691691A (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2022-07-01 | 杭州数梦工场科技有限公司 | Geohash-based spatial data processing method and device and electronic equipment |
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