CN111521769A - Biological sample detection method and device - Google Patents

Biological sample detection method and device Download PDF

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CN111521769A
CN111521769A CN201910103675.1A CN201910103675A CN111521769A CN 111521769 A CN111521769 A CN 111521769A CN 201910103675 A CN201910103675 A CN 201910103675A CN 111521769 A CN111521769 A CN 111521769A
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detection
sample
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biological sample
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胡今科
徐佳
邓朝义
张雯娜
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Hunan Dadao Biological Engineering Co ltd
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    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/543Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
    • G01N33/54306Solid-phase reaction mechanisms

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Abstract

The invention discloses a biological sample detection method and a biological sample detection device, wherein the method comprises the following steps: s1, adding the biological sample to be detected into a sample adding area of the testing device, wherein the testing device is also internally provided with at least two detection areas which are connected with the sample adding area and are mutually independent; the sample in the sample adding area moves to the detection areas which are mutually independent due to the capillary action; and S2, simultaneously detecting the samples in the detection areas, and judging the component types or the content of the samples according to the measurement results in the detection areas. The device comprises a test card, wherein the test card comprises a sample adding area and at least two mutually independent detection areas, each detection area is respectively connected with the sample adding area, and a sample to be tested can move to the detection area through capillary action after being added into the sample adding area. Compared with the prior art, the scheme of the invention can reduce the measurement error and improve the accuracy of the detection result.

Description

Biological sample detection method and device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of In-Vitro Diagnostics (IVD), In particular to a biological sample detection method and a biological sample detection device.
Background
In the field of in vitro diagnostics, it is often necessary to perform optical measurements on biological samples in order to measure the content of a certain component or the structure of a certain substance in the sample. However, in the prior art, the single sample is usually tested one by one, which not only has low testing efficiency, but also causes large deviation between the measurement result and the true value due to various errors caused by instruments or operations in the testing process.
Immunochromatography is one of the most common in vitro diagnostic techniques, which has been rapidly developed since the beginning of the nineties. The structure of the prior art immunochromatographic test strip is shown in fig. 1, the test strip includes a Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) backing 1, a nitrocellulose membrane (NC membrane) 2, an absorbent paper 3, a sample pad 4 and an antibody coupling pad 5, the NC membrane 2 includes one or more detection regions T and a quality control region C, and the function principle is to fix a specific antibody on the NC membrane 2, after a biological sample to be detected is added to a reagent card, the biological sample to be detected moves forward along the direction of the sample pad 4, the antibody coupling pad 5 and the NC membrane 2 due to the chromatography, when the biological sample to be detected moves to the detection region T and the quality control region C of the NC membrane 2, an antigen which is combined with the coupling antibody specifically combines with the antibody, and the specific immunodiagnosis is realized by analyzing the signal values of the detection region T and the quality control region C.
The immunochromatographic assay technology is widely used in various aspects of immunoassay, but due to the existing immunochromatographic test paper raw materials and production processes, the Coefficient of Variation (CV) of repeatability and accuracy required by national standards for the evaluation of the colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay technology is not more than 15%, the error is based on the normal distribution of the attributes of the reagent card (the card has high accuracy and the normal distribution is narrower), and a random result is given in the normal distribution around the true value according to the conventional assay result, so that the accuracy of the assay result of the system is low at present. Therefore, there is a need to reduce the deviation of results due to immunochromatographic detection systems by improving the test method and the test card structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The first technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: a method for detecting a biological sample with a measurement result closer to a true value is provided.
The second technical problem to be solved by the invention is: provided is a biological sample detection device with more accurate measurement results.
In order to solve the first technical problem, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method of testing a biological sample, comprising the steps of:
s1, adding the biological sample to be detected into a sample adding area of the testing device, wherein the testing device is also internally provided with at least two detection areas which are connected with the sample adding area and are mutually independent; the sample in the sample adding area moves to the detection areas which are mutually independent due to the capillary action;
and S2, simultaneously detecting the samples in the detection areas, and judging the component types or the content of the samples according to the measurement results in the detection areas.
Further, the step S1 includes a step of allowing the sample to move into the detection zone by capillary action and then allowing the sample to react with a reagent previously added to the detection zone.
Further, the pre-added reagent contains quantum dots, colloidal gold, colloidal selenium, colored latex, fluorescent latex and/or magnetic particles.
Further, the biological sample to be detected can be any biological sample; preferably, the biological sample to be detected is blood, body fluid, urine, saliva, genital secretion, other liquid sample or viscous sample.
Further, in step S2, the operation of determining the component content of the sample according to the measurement result is: and calculating the average value of the detection results according to the detection results in each detection area, and judging the content of the components in the sample according to the average value of the detection results.
Further, in step S2, the operation of determining the component content of the sample according to the measurement result is: and respectively calculating component content measurement values in the sample according to the detection results in the detection areas, and judging the component content according to the average value of the component content measurement values.
Further, the operation of determining the component content in the sample according to the average value of the detection results or the average value of the component content measurement values further includes calculating the component content after correcting the average value.
Preferably, the detection zones are three.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the detection is carried out by utilizing the scheme of the invention, so that the detection result is more accurate, each detection area is independently distributed, synchronous detection is realized, and the system error of the test devices such as an immunochromatographic card and the like can be greatly reduced; the judgment is carried out according to a plurality of measurement results, the result is more accurate, and the quantitative detection result is closer to the true value; the scheme of the invention solves the problem of system errors of the test device caused by unavoidable differences in the production process through data calculation, and can be widely applied to the technical field of in vitro diagnosis.
In order to solve the second technical problem, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the utility model provides a biological sample detection device, includes the test card, the test card is including adding the appearance district and two at least mutually independent detection districts, every detection district respectively with add the appearance district and link to each other, can remove to the detection district through capillary action after the sample that awaits measuring adds the appearance district.
Furthermore, the test card comprises a sample pad and detection pads, the number of the detection pads is equal to that of the detection areas, the sample addition areas are positioned in the sample pad, and the detection areas are positioned in the detection pad;
the head end of each detection pad is respectively connected with the sample pad, and a gap exists between adjacent detection pads.
Furthermore, a sample adding slot is arranged on the sample pad; preferably, the sample addition slot is located at an end away from the detection pad.
Further, the sample adding groove is perpendicular to each detection area.
Further, the test card is an immunochromatographic card or a diaper.
Preferably, the test card is an immunochromatographic card.
Furthermore, the same first antibody or first antigen with the same concentration or different concentrations is coated in each detection area, and the first antibody or first antigen is an antibody or antigen capable of recognizing one epitope on the surface of the target object to be detected.
Further, a quality control area is further arranged on the detection pad, a second antibody or a second antigen is wrapped in the quality control area, and the second antibody or the second antigen is an antibody or an antigen capable of recognizing another epitope on the surface of the target object to be detected.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the test card of the scheme of the invention can obtain a plurality of measurement results after one-time measurement, reduce system errors and accidental errors, and utilize mutual correction among a plurality of measurement results to make the test results more approximate to true values, thereby reducing errors and improving the accuracy of the measurement results.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art immunochromatographic card;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a bottom plate with an immunochromatographic test strip mounted thereon according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an immunochromatographic card according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a scattergram of the concurrent chromatography immunochromatographic card test data of example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a scattergram of test data of a general immunochromatographic card of example 2 of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1. a PVC backing; 2. NC film; 3. absorbing paper; 4. a sample pad; 5. an antibody coupling pad; 6. a sample addition pad; 61. a sample adding slot; 7. a detection pad; 8. a base plate; 9. a cover plate; 10. and (4) an observation window.
Detailed Description
In order to explain technical contents, achieved objects, and effects of the present invention in detail, the following description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings in combination with the embodiments.
A method of testing a biological sample, comprising the steps of:
s1, adding the biological sample to be detected into a sample adding area of the testing device, wherein the testing device is also internally provided with at least two detection areas which are connected with the sample adding area and are mutually independent; the sample in the sample adding area moves to the detection areas which are mutually independent due to the capillary action;
and S2, simultaneously detecting the samples in the detection areas, and performing qualitative or quantitative judgment according to the measurement results in the detection areas to obtain the component types or contents of the samples. According to the scheme of the invention, a plurality of measurement results are obtained through one-time test, and are used for judging and analyzing, so that a result closer to a true value is obtained, and the system error caused by the test device is reduced. The measurement result can be obtained first and then the average value of the measurement result is obtained, and the concentration properties such as content and the like can be calculated according to the average value of the measurement result.
Further, the step S1 includes a step of allowing the sample to move into the detection zone by capillary action and then allowing the sample to react with a reagent previously added to the detection zone. The detection result can be obtained by fluorescence detection or other optical detection methods, or other characteristic signal parameters.
The invention also comprises a biological sample detection device which comprises a test card, wherein the test card comprises a sample adding area and at least two mutually independent detection areas, each detection area is respectively connected with the sample adding area, and a sample to be detected can move to the detection area through capillary action after being added to the sample adding area. The sample adding regions can be a whole, or each sample adding region can be connected with a detection region independently and correspondingly, and the sample adding regions can be used for sample adding once or for multiple times.
The embodiment 1 of the invention is as follows: a concurrent immunochromatographic card comprises a bottom plate 8 and a cover plate 9, wherein the cover plate 9 is detachably covered on the bottom plate 8; the immunochromatography test strip is detachably mounted on the bottom plate 8 and comprises a sample adding pad 6 and three detection pads 7, wherein the three detection pads 7 are mutually independent, and one ends of the detection pads 7 are respectively connected with the sample adding pad 6.
The sample adding pad 6 is provided with a sample adding slot 61, and the sample adding slot 61 and the detection pad 7 are vertically distributed. The sample adding groove 61 is arranged, so that the uniform release of samples on the detection pads can be controlled, and the test error is further reduced.
The cover plate 9 is provided with two observation windows 10 (three or more observation windows can be arranged), wherein one observation window 10 is positioned above the sample adding pad 6, the other observation window is positioned above the detection pad 7, and a plurality of results can be collected through the observation windows 10.
A gap exists between adjacent detection pads 7 to reduce or avoid capillary phenomenon between the detection pads 7.
Due to the raw materials of the reagent card and the production process of the reagent card, the same value measured by different reagent card strips has an error value, the basic analysis can obtain that the measured value of the reagent card strip conforms to the normal distribution:
X=N(μ,σ^2),
CV of the batch of reagent card strips was σ/μ.
The object of the present invention is to reduce the CV value of the reagent card measurement, and the expectation value μ is a value close to the true value, and therefore, ultimately, the mean square error σ needs to be reduced.
Taking three strips in one card as an example, the three tests are three independent normal distributions without considering the sample adding error:
X1=N(μ1,σ1^2)
X2=N(μ2,σ2^2)
X3=N(μ3,σ3^2)
additivity according to normal distribution:
AVG(X)=(X1+X2+X3)/3=N((μ1+μ2+μ3)/3,(σ1^2+σ2^2+σ3^2)/9)
AVG(σ)=(σ1^2+σ2^2+σ3^2)^0.5/3
AVG(μ)=(μ1+μ2+μ3)/3
AVG(CV)=(σ1^2+σ2^2+σ3^2)^0.5/(μ1+μ2+μ3)
assuming that three bands conform to the same distribution X ═ N (μ, σ ^2), the CV when the average value is used as the measurement value can be found:
AVG(CV)=σ/μ*(1/(3^0.5))=0.5774*(σ/μ)=0.5774*CV
therefore, the scheme of the invention can greatly reduce the CV and obtain a result which is closer to a true value.
This example 2 is a concurrent immunochromatographic card for detecting C-reactive protein, which is prepared as follows:
the bioactive raw materials are as follows: c-reactive protein monoclonal antibody I, C reactive protein monoclonal antibody II and IgG polyclonal antibody are all purchased from the market.
Reagent: bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) was purchased from the market.
Nitrocellulose membranes were purchased from the market.
1) The preparation procedure of the immunochromatographic test strip is as follows:
the immunochromatographic test strip comprises a detection pad 7 and a sample adding pad 6, wherein the detection pad 7 comprises an absorption pad, a reaction membrane and a conjugate release pad:
step 1.1 reaction film coating
Determining the type of the coating antibody according to a target object to be detected in a biological sample to be detected: c reactive protein monoclonal antibody II and IgG polyclonal antibody. 8.2mg/ml of C-reactive protein monoclonal antibody II and 6.8mg/ml of IgG polyclonal antibody are coated on a nitrocellulose membrane, and the nitrocellulose membrane is dried for 16 hours at the temperature of 37 ℃ and the humidity of less than or equal to 30% RH.
Step 1.2 conjugate Release pad preparation
Taking 40nm colloidal gold solution, adding 0.2M K according to a proportion2CO3Adjusting pH value with potassium carbonate, adding C reactive protein monoclonal antibody I according to 0.3% ratio to obtain a marker, stirring at room temperature for 15min, adding BSA (bovine serum albumin) stabilizer according to 1% ratio, and stirring at room temperature for 30 min.
Centrifuging at 12000rpm for 15min, removing supernatant, and collecting concentrated precipitate; resuspend with 0.1% boric acid/PEG 20000, repeat centrifugation 2 times, finally resuspend with a small amount of 0.1% boric acid/PEG 20000, determine OD.
And diluting the recovered precipitate diluent with boric acid, coating the diluted precipitate diluent on a glass cellulose membrane of 1cm multiplied by 30cm, adding 120 ul/piece of the diluted precipitate diluent, and drying the diluted precipitate diluent for 24 hours at the temperature of 37 ℃ and the humidity of less than or equal to 30% RH.
Step 2 preparation of sample addition pad 6
Glass fibers cut to 1.4cm × 30cm were soaked in a working solution containing 0.5% NaCl (potassium chloride), 0.5% trehalose, 0.1% BSA (bovine serum albumin) and Tris-HCl buffer (Tris hydroxymethyl aminomethane-hydrochloric acid) (pH 7.4). The pad was dried at 37 ℃ for 16h to obtain a sample addition pad 6.
Step 3, assembling the test paper
And tearing off the double-sided adhesive tape on the backing, and attaching the coated reaction film to the backing. The absorbent pad was pressed against a 2mm portion of the reactive film and the other end was aligned with the backing. The coupling pad was pressed onto the reaction film 1mm and aligned with the right end of the backing. The sample addition pad 6 is aligned with the left end of the backing and pressed against the absorbent pad.
Step 4 preparation of test strip
And cutting the pasted chromatographic test paper into strips to prepare the test paper.
2) Assembly of concurrent immunochromatographic cards
Three chromatographic test strips are randomly taken from the test strips (random extraction is more beneficial to balancing errors caused by production among the test strips; preferably, the three test strips are respectively from the front part, the middle part and the rear part of the chromatographic test strips, more dispersed test strips are more comprehensively used for covering errors possibly existing in the test strips), and are put into a bottom plate 8 (as shown in figure 2), and the cover plate 9 is covered to obtain the concurrent immunochromatographic card, as shown in figure 3.
Application of the concurrent immunochromatographic card:
diluting the serum of the biological sample to be detected containing C-reactive protein at each concentration by 1:200 times, sucking 240ul of the diluted serum into the sample adding hole, and after 5min, carrying out result interpretation and analysis by using an instrument with collection and analysis capability, wherein each concentration is tested repeatedly for more than 3 times.
And (3) verifying the detection effect of the concurrent immunochromatography card:
taking 40 concurrent immunochromatographic cards prepared in example 2 above for detecting the concentration of C-reactive protein in five samples of calibrator (each sample is measured by using 8 concurrent immunochromatographic cards) containing C-reactive protein with different known concentrations (the concentrations are 7mg/L, 15mg/L, 30mg/L, 40mg/L and 70mg/L in sequence); meanwhile, the parallel contrast test was performed using a commercially available conventional immunochromatographic card (i.e., a chromatographic card containing only one test paper strip, as shown in FIG. 1) (each sample was added to 8 conventional immunochromatographic cards, and the test was performed separately). The measurement result of each concurrent immunochromatography card is obtained by averaging the measurement results of the three test strips to obtain a final test value, and finally, the concentration of C-reactive protein in the sample is calculated according to the test value, wherein the specific test data are respectively shown in the following tables 1-5:
table 1 table of measurement results of sample 1
Figure BDA0001966234540000091
Table 2 table of measurement results of sample 2
Figure BDA0001966234540000092
Table 3 table of measurement results of sample 3
Figure BDA0001966234540000101
Table 4 table of measurement results of sample 4
Figure BDA0001966234540000102
Table 5 table of measurement results of sample 5
Figure BDA0001966234540000111
The measurement data of the concurrent immunochromatographic card and the measurement data of the common immunochromatographic card are plotted into scattergrams as shown in fig. 4 and 5, respectively. The scatter plots in fig. 4 and 5 were fitted linearly, where the linear equation for the concurrent immunochromatographic card is y 0.2303+0.0157x, R2Value 0.9821 (R0.99101)>0.99); the linear equation of the common immunochromatographic card is that y is 0.2321+0.0159x, R2Value 0.9335 (R0.966178)<0.99), therefore, the present inventionThe test card manufactured by the bright scheme has higher accuracy and is closer to a true value.
As can be seen from fig. 4-5 and tables 1-5, the measurement results of the present invention are more concentrated, the standard deviation is less than 0.028, and the variation coefficient is less than 3.7%; the standard deviation of the common commercial immunochromatographic card is more than 0.04, the coefficient of variation is more than 9.8 percent, and particularly for low-concentration samples, the CV exceeds 15 percent; the concurrent immunochromatographic card can be obtained by integrating the R value and the coefficient of variation, the structure after repeated detection fluctuates in a small range under the condition of being closer to the reality, and a more accurate result can be obtained only by single detection, so that the result of the scheme disclosed by the invention is more real and reliable.
The embodiment 3 of the invention is an immunochromatographic card for detecting procalcitonin, and the preparation process of the immunochromatographic card is the same as that of the embodiment 2, and the difference is only that: and correspondingly replacing the C-reactive protein monoclonal antibody I and the C-reactive protein monoclonal antibody II with the procalcitonin monoclonal antibody I and the procalcitonin monoclonal antibody II.
The antibodies in the present embodiment are not limited to the exemplified antibodies, and the labels may be other kinds of labels, and are not limited to the examples, and the antibodies may be selected as needed; or an antigen for detecting an antibody in a biological sample; meanwhile, the scheme of the invention can also be used for other colorimetric test cards such as urine paper strips and the like.
The concurrent immunochromatographic card in the embodiment of the invention is a chromatography card which comprises more than two detection areas and can realize synchronous detection for multiple times, and can be called as an immunochromatographic card for short.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent changes made by using the contents of the present specification and the drawings, or applied directly or indirectly to the related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for detecting a biological sample, comprising: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, adding the biological sample to be detected into a sample adding area of the testing device, wherein the testing device is also internally provided with at least two detection areas which are connected with the sample adding area and are mutually independent; the sample in the sample adding area moves to the detection areas which are mutually independent due to the capillary action;
and S2, simultaneously detecting the samples in the detection areas, and judging the component types or the content of the samples according to the measurement results in the detection areas.
2. The method for detecting a biological sample according to claim 1, wherein: the step S1 further includes a step of allowing the sample to move into the detection region by capillary action and then allowing a color reaction to occur with a reagent previously added to the detection region.
3. The method for detecting a biological sample according to claim 1, wherein: in step S2, the operation of determining the component content of the sample according to the measurement result is: and calculating the average value of the detection results according to the detection results in each detection area, and judging the content of the components in the sample according to the average value of the detection results.
4. The method for detecting a biological sample according to claim 1, wherein: in step S2, the operation of determining the component content of the sample according to the measurement result is: and respectively calculating component content measurement values in the sample according to the detection results in the detection areas, and judging the component content according to the average value of the component content measurement values.
5. A biological sample detection device comprises a test card, and is characterized in that: the test card comprises a sample adding area and at least two mutually independent detection areas, each detection area is respectively connected with the sample adding area, and a sample to be tested can move to the detection area through capillary action after being added into the sample adding area.
6. The apparatus for testing a biological sample according to claim 5, wherein: the test card comprises a sample pad and detection pads, the number of the detection pads is equal to that of the detection areas, the sample adding areas are positioned in the sample pad, and the detection areas are positioned in the detection pad; the head end of each detection pad is respectively connected with the sample pad, and a gap exists between adjacent detection pads.
7. The apparatus for testing a biological sample according to claim 5, wherein: a sample adding groove is arranged on the sample pad; the sample adding groove is respectively vertical to each detection area.
8. The apparatus for testing a biological sample according to claim 5, wherein: the test card is an immunochromatographic card.
9. The apparatus for testing a biological sample according to claim 8, wherein: the detection areas are internally coated with the same or different concentrations of the same first antibody or first antigen, and the first antibody or first antigen is an antibody or antigen capable of recognizing one epitope on the surface of the target object to be detected.
10. The apparatus for testing a biological sample according to claim 9, wherein: the detection pad is also provided with a quality control area, a second antibody or a second antigen is wrapped in the quality control area, and the second antibody or the second antigen is an antibody or an antigen capable of recognizing another epitope on the surface of the target object to be detected.
CN201910103675.1A 2019-02-01 2019-02-01 Biological sample detection method and device Pending CN111521769A (en)

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CN1892223A (en) * 2005-04-11 2007-01-10 兰州大学 Colloidal gold semi-quantitative quick immunity diagnosis test-paper stripe
CN101825636A (en) * 2010-05-19 2010-09-08 厦门大学附属中山医院 Reagent strip for joint detection of syphilis specific IgM antibody and specific total antibody and preparation method thereof
CN104764877A (en) * 2014-05-14 2015-07-08 陈岩松 Immunity chromatography test method and test paper
CN207717780U (en) * 2017-12-31 2018-08-10 深圳市金乐智能健康科技有限公司 A kind of double labelling premature rupture of fetal membranes inspection test pen and kit

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