CN111521411B - Simulation test method of sliding door retainer - Google Patents
Simulation test method of sliding door retainer Download PDFInfo
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- CN111521411B CN111521411B CN202010394174.6A CN202010394174A CN111521411B CN 111521411 B CN111521411 B CN 111521411B CN 202010394174 A CN202010394174 A CN 202010394174A CN 111521411 B CN111521411 B CN 111521411B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
- G01M17/007—Wheeled or endless-tracked vehicles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
- G06F30/23—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2111/00—Details relating to CAD techniques
- G06F2111/10—Numerical modelling
Abstract
The invention discloses a simulation test method of a sliding door retainer, which comprises the following steps: and (3) a finite element model building step, namely building a finite element model of the part to be tested and the test equipment according to the test standard. And a model connection step, connecting the finite element models and carrying out constraint setting, wherein a contact model is established at the connection position of the vehicle door finite element model and the loading device finite element model. And a virtual sensor setting step of setting a virtual sensor at the contact model, wherein the virtual sensor monitors the contact force of the contact model. Loading, namely loading a test force by a finite element model of a loading device and applying the test force to a finite element model of a vehicle door through a contact model, monitoring the contact force of the contact model by a virtual sensor, loading by the loading device according to a displacement-time mode, and loading by switching the loading device to a force-time mode when the contact force of the contact model monitored by the virtual sensor reaches a threshold value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automobile testing, in particular to an analog simulation testing technology of an automobile.
Background
At present, while the domestic automobile industry is developed vigorously, automobile traffic accidents are increased continuously, automobile safety is concerned more and more, and various laws and regulations and evaluation systems related to automobile safety are refined and strict day by day. The side strength of a vehicle door, which is an important component of the vehicle body, is directly related to the safety of the occupants. The national standards committee of china in 2013 issued "performance requirements and test methods for automobile door locks and door retainers" (hereinafter referred to as "standards"), which served as standards for safety evaluation of automobile doors. However, the evaluation of the safety of the vehicle door by a test method requires a long period, a large risk and high cost, and the cost optimization design of the safety of the vehicle door cannot be performed, so that a finite element numerical simulation method is generally used for structural strength simulation and optimization in the initial stage of vehicle door structure research and development.
The vehicle door is commonly in the form of an open type and a sliding type, and for commercial vehicle models, a sliding door is frequently used. The test of the sliding door holder is also one of the evaluation contents of the above criteria. The loading method of the sliding door holder experiment is more complicated: two loading devices are required to act on two sides of the sliding door respectively, and test forces are applied to the sliding door respectively so as to observe the displacement and the bearing capacity of the sliding door. The loading devices of the two loading devices are independent and influence each other. For the physical test, the relationship which is independent and influences each other has little influence on the test process, but for the simulation test of software simulation, the relationship brings great difficulty to the finite element analysis of the one-way calculation formula, and becomes a key technical difficulty for the development of the finite element analysis of the safety of the elbow sliding door.
According to the "performance requirements and test methods for automotive door locks and door retainers", the procedure for testing the sliding door retainer required by this standard is as follows:
the loading units are moved at a speed of 20mm/min to 90mm/min to press the door inner panel towards the outside of the door as specified by the manufacturer until a force of 9000N or a total displacement of 300mm is reached on each loading unit. While monitoring the force values of each loading device, if one loading device has reached 9000N and the other loading device has not reached 9000N, the 9000N load plate is maintained until the other load plate also reaches the target force value. When both loading devices reach the target force value, the target force value needs to be maintained for at least 10 s.
The loading method in the conventional finite element simulation method is as follows:
the two loading devices extrude the inner plate at a given speed, when one loading device reaches 9000N, the loading device still continues to move, the force value continues to increase, the effect of the force value is inconsistent with the actual force value, and the real loading condition of the test device cannot be accurately simulated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a simulation test method of a sliding door retainer, which is more in line with the actual loading condition.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a simulation test method of a sliding door holder, including:
a finite element model building step, namely building a finite element model of the part to be tested and the test equipment according to the test standard;
model connection, namely connecting the finite element models and performing constraint setting, wherein a contact model is established at the connection position of the vehicle door finite element model and the loading device finite element model;
a virtual sensor setting step of setting a virtual sensor at the contact model, wherein the virtual sensor monitors the contact force of the contact model;
loading, namely loading a test force by a finite element model of a loading device and applying the test force to a finite element model of a vehicle door through a contact model, monitoring the contact force of the contact model by a virtual sensor, loading by the loading device according to a displacement-time mode, and loading by switching the loading device to a force-time mode when the contact force of the contact model monitored by the virtual sensor reaches a threshold value.
In one embodiment, in the recording step, the "displacement-time" mode is to control the loading device according to a "displacement-time" curve, and the displacement of the loading device is linearly changed along with time according to the "displacement-time" curve until the maximum limit displacement is reached and then is kept constant.
In one embodiment, in the recording step, the "force-time" mode is to control the loading device according to a "force-time" curve, according to which the force of the loading device is kept constant and the force of the loading device is the maximum limit force value.
In one embodiment, in the virtual sensor setting step, the configuration parameters of the virtual sensor include: virtual sensor ID number, monitoring object type, monitoring object ID number, monitoring standard.
In one embodiment, in the loading step, the parameters of the finite element model configuration of the loading device include: loading mode, control curve ID number, loading direction, trigger sensor ID number, and trigger signal. The loading device comprises a finite element model, a displacement-time mode, a trigger signal and a force-time mode, wherein the finite element model of the loading device is loaded with the displacement-time mode firstly, and when the contact force of the contact model monitored by the virtual sensor reaches a threshold value, the loading device is switched to the force-time mode.
In one embodiment, two loading device finite element models are established, a contact model is established at the connection part of the door finite element model and the two loading device finite element models respectively, two virtual sensors are arranged, each virtual sensor monitors the contact force of the corresponding contact model respectively, and the two loading devices are controlled independently respectively.
In one embodiment, the method for simulation testing of a sliding door holder further comprises: and a calculation and comparison step, wherein the motion forms of the finite element model of the vehicle door and the finite element model of the loading device in the loading step and the contact force of the contact model are calculated and compared with the data of the actual test.
The simulation test method of the sliding door retainer disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the interaction of the two loading devices is considered in two directions, the test process is accurately simulated, the actual test result of the simulation test result is more consistent, the design and optimization can be more accurately guided, and the safety development of the vehicle door retainer is completed.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a physical structure of a testing apparatus for a sliding door holder according to the standard requirements.
Fig. 2 discloses a flow chart of a simulation test method of a sliding door holder according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 discloses a schematic diagram of a finite element model of a test setup of a sliding door holder set up according to standard requirements.
Fig. 4a and 4b disclose schematic views of two contact models built in a simulation test method of a sliding door holder according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 discloses a key setting of a virtual sensor in a simulation test method of a sliding door holder according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 discloses a keyword setting for "displacement-time" mode loading in a simulation test method for a sliding door retainer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 discloses a schematic diagram of a displacement-time curve in a simulation test method of a sliding door holder according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 8 discloses a keyword set for "force-time" mode loading in a simulation test method for a sliding door retainer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 discloses a schematic diagram of a "force-time" curve in a simulation test method of a sliding door retainer according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 10 discloses a schematic process for performing a simulation test method of the sliding door holder according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 discloses an example solution calculation process for a method of simulation testing a sliding door retainer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 12a and 12b disclose schematic diagrams comparing the calculated results and the actual test results of the simulation test method of the sliding door holder according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 shows a physical structure of a testing apparatus for a sliding door holder according to the standard requirements. As previously described, the test procedure for the sliding door holder required by this standard according to the "performance requirements and test methods for automotive door locks and door holders" is as follows: the loading units are moved at a speed of 20mm/min to 90mm/min to press the door inner panel towards the outside of the door as specified by the manufacturer until a force of 9000N or a total displacement of 300mm is reached on each loading unit. While monitoring the force values of each loading device, if one loading device has reached 9000N and the other loading device has not reached 9000N, the 9000N load plate is maintained until the other load plate also reaches the target force value. When both loading devices reach the target force value, the target force value needs to be maintained for at least 10 s. Referring to fig. 1, two loading devices 101 and 102 are respectively in contact with both sides of the sliding door. The loading device 101 is disposed on the side of the sliding door having a plurality of door latches/strikers, and the cross-sectional view at the upper left corner of fig. 1 reveals the cross-sectional configuration of the loading device 101 in contact with the sliding door. On the side of the loading device 101, there are a plurality of door latches/catches 111. The length of the contact plate of the front end of the loading device 101, which is in contact with the sliding door, is 300 mm. The loading device 102 is disposed on the side of the sliding door having a single door latch/striker, and the cross-sectional view at the lower right hand corner of fig. 1 reveals the cross-sectional configuration of the loading device 102 in contact with the sliding door. On the side of the loading device 102, there is a single door latch/striker 112. The length of the contact plate of the front end of the loading device 102, which is in contact with the sliding door, is smaller and is 150 mm. According to the experimental requirements, the loading devices 101 and 102 are independently controlled, respectively, with a force of 9000N or a total displacement of up to 300mm and maintained for 10 s.
The invention also carries out finite element modeling according to the test requirements specified in the performance requirements and test methods of automobile door locks and automobile door retainers, and carries out simulation test by calculation of the finite element model.
Fig. 2 discloses a flow chart of a simulation test method of a sliding door holder according to an embodiment of the invention. Referring to fig. 2, the simulation test method includes:
and S101, establishing a finite element model. And (4) building a finite element model of the part to be tested and the test equipment according to the test standard. Fig. 3 discloses a schematic diagram of a finite element model of a test setup of a sliding door holder set up according to standard requirements. Referring to fig. 3, the finite element model constructed includes: the device comprises a vehicle body frame finite element model, a vehicle door finite element model and a loading device finite element model. In the illustrated embodiment, two finite element models of the loading device are also created, corresponding to the actual test device.
And S102, model connection. And connecting the finite element models and performing constraint setting, wherein a contact model is established at the connection position of the vehicle door finite element model and the loading device finite element model. And respectively establishing contact models at the connection parts of the vehicle door finite element model and the two loading device finite element models. Fig. 4a and 4b disclose schematic views of two contact models built in a simulation test method of a sliding door holder according to an embodiment of the invention. The finite element model of the loading device is divided into two types corresponding to the recording device in the actual experiment. The finite element model of the loading device shown in fig. 4a, which corresponds to the loading device 101 and is arranged on the side of the sliding door having a plurality of door latches/catches, has a larger contact plate. In fig. 4a, the contact model established by the finite element model of the loading device on the side of the door finite element model having a plurality of door latches/catches is referred to as contact model a. The finite element model of the loading device shown in fig. 4b, which corresponds to the loading device 102 and is arranged on the side of the sliding door with the single door latch/striker, has a smaller contact plate. In fig. 4B, the contact model established with the finite element model of the loading device on the side of the door finite element model with a single door latch/striker becomes contact model B.
S103, virtual sensor setting. A virtual sensor is provided at the contact model, the virtual sensor monitoring a contact force of the contact model. In one embodiment, in the virtual sensor setting step S103, the configuration parameters of the virtual sensor include: virtual sensor ID number, monitoring object type, monitoring object ID number, monitoring standard. Fig. 5 discloses a key setting of a virtual sensor in a simulation test method of a sliding door holder according to an embodiment of the present invention. The contact force of the contact model a and the contact model B is used as the monitoring object of the virtual sensor, and in one embodiment, two virtual sensors are provided, and each virtual sensor monitors the contact force of the corresponding contact model. In order to realize the monitoring of the contact force of the virtual sensor on the contact model, a keyword of the virtual sensor needs to be set. As shown with reference to fig. 5. In fig. 5, ID indicates the virtual sensor ID number, ITYP equal to 6 indicates that the monitoring TARGET type of the virtual sensor is a contact type, ISL specifies the contact TARGET ID number, which is the number of the contact model a or the contact model B in this example, and TARGET indicates the monitoring standard. In this embodiment, virtual sensor a monitors the contact force of contact model a, and is triggered when the contact force reaches 9 KN. The virtual sensor B monitors the contact force of the contact model B and is triggered when the contact force reaches 9 KN. Triggering of the virtual sensor requires generation of a signal to control the loading mode, and therefore the set virtual sensor will be referred to in the loading mode.
S104, loading. The loading device is used for loading a test force and applying the test force to the vehicle door finite element model through the contact model, the virtual sensor is used for monitoring the contact force of the contact model, the loading device is used for loading according to a displacement-time mode, and when the contact force of the contact model monitored by the virtual sensor reaches a threshold value, the loading device is switched to a force-time mode for loading. In one embodiment, in the loading step S104, the parameters of the finite element model configuration of the loading device include: loading mode, control curve ID number, loading direction, trigger sensor ID number, and trigger signal. The finite element model of the loading device is loaded with a displacement-time mode, when the contact force of the virtual sensor monitoring contact model reaches a threshold value, a trigger signal is generated, and the loading device is switched to the force-time mode.
FIG. 6 discloses a keyword setting for "displacement-time" mode loading in a simulation test method for a sliding door retainer according to an embodiment of the present invention. Where Mode Keyword DIS3D indicates that a "displacement-time" curve is loaded, and the specific "displacement-time" curve is called by the curve number set at IFUN. Fig. 7 shows a displacement-time curve loaded by the loading device a, and fig. 7 shows a schematic diagram of the displacement-time curve in the simulation test method for the sliding door holder according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 7, the "displacement-time" mode is to control the loading device according to a "displacement-time" curve, and according to the "displacement-time" curve, the displacement of the loading device changes linearly with time until reaching the maximum limit and then remains constant after the displacement. According to the test standard, the maximum defined displacement is 300 mm. The loading direction is the direction of the overall coordinate Y, and the keyword SCAL represents that the loading direction is the opposite direction of the overall coordinate Y, namely the negative Y direction. The key NODE specifies the NODE to which the loading force is applied to specify the loading location. The keyword ISENS specifies the number of virtual sensor A, indicating that virtual sensor A is triggered when the force value of contact model A reaches 9 KN. When the virtual sensor A is triggered, the 'displacement-time' loading mode of the loading device A fails, and simultaneously the 'force-time' loading mode starts to take effect. The switching from the "displacement-time" loading mode to the "force-time" loading mode is accomplished by the triggering of the virtual sensor a.
FIG. 8 discloses a keyword set for "force-time" mode loading in a simulation test method for a sliding door retainer according to an embodiment of the present invention. The Mode Keyword indicates that a "force-time" curve is loaded, and a specific "displacement-time" curve is called by a curve number set at the LCUR. The keyword IDR ═ 2 indicates that the force in the direction of the overall coordinate Y is loaded at the loading device a. The key word SCAF-1 indicates that the loading force value of the loading device a is opposite to the direction of the overall coordinate Y. The key NODE specifies the NODE to which the loading force is applied to specify the loading location. The keyword ISENS specifies the ID of virtual sensor A, indicating that virtual sensor A is triggered when the force value of contact model A reaches 9 KN. The loading mode of the loading device A is switched to a force-time mode, and loading is carried out according to a force-time curve. Fig. 9 discloses a schematic diagram of a "force-time" curve in a simulation test method of a sliding door retainer according to an embodiment of the invention. Referring to fig. 9, the "force-time" mode is to control the loading device according to a "force-time" curve, according to which the force of the loading device is kept constant and the force of the loading device is the maximum limit force value. According to the test standard, the maximum force limiting value is 9 KN. Through the control of the virtual sensor, the loading mode can be switched from a displacement-time mode to a force-time mode.
Fig. 10 discloses a schematic process for performing a simulation test method of the sliding door holder according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 10, for two loading devices: the finite element models of the loading device A and the loading device B are provided with two virtual sensors: virtual sensor a and virtual sensor B. Each virtual sensor monitors the contact force of the corresponding contact model respectively, and the two loading devices are controlled independently. The two loading devices are switched between a displacement-time loading mode and a force-time loading mode according to respective operating conditions.
And S105, calculating and comparing. And calculating the motion forms of the finite element model of the vehicle door and the finite element model of the loading device in the loading step and the contact force of the contact models, and comparing the motion forms with the data of the actual test.
FIG. 11 discloses an example solution calculation process for a method of simulation testing a sliding door retainer according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 11, the solution calculation process includes: the finite element model is first started to start the calculation. The calculation is then continued. And extracting the contact force of the calculated result. It is determined whether the contact force reaches a set threshold, which in one embodiment is 9 KN. If the contact force reaches the threshold value of 9KN, the loading mode is switched, namely the mode is switched from the displacement-time mode to the force-time mode, and then the calculation is finished. If the contact force does not reach the threshold value of 9KN, judging whether the calculation is finished or not, and the judging standard can refer to a displacement index (300mm) or a duration index in the test standard. If the index is reached, the calculation is finished, and if the index is not reached, the step of returning to the continuous calculation is carried out to continue the calculation.
Fig. 12a and 12b disclose schematic diagrams comparing the calculated results and the actual test results of the simulation test method of the sliding door holder according to an embodiment of the invention. Fig. 12a and 12b are curves of the variation of the contact force at two contact patterns, respectively. Fig. 12a and 12b are both "force-displacement" curves, with displacement in mm on the abscissa and force in KN on the ordinate. The simulation calculation result curve and the actual test curve are marked in the figure. In the embodiment shown in fig. 12a and 12b, the simulation calculation result curve and the actual test curve are relatively fitted, which shows that the simulation test method of the sliding door retainer of the present invention can relatively accurately restore the actual test effect, and conforms to the actual test result.
The simulation test method of the sliding door retainer disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the interaction of the two loading devices is considered in two directions, the test process is accurately simulated, the actual test result of the simulation test result is more consistent, the design and optimization can be more accurately guided, and the safety development of the vehicle door retainer is completed.
It should also be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention. It is apparent that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and similar changes or modifications can be easily made by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present invention and shall fall within the scope of the present invention. The embodiments described above are provided to enable persons skilled in the art to make or use the invention and that modifications or variations can be made to the embodiments described above by persons skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, so that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited by the embodiments described above but should be accorded the widest scope consistent with the innovative features set forth in the claims.
Claims (4)
1. A method of simulation testing a sliding door retainer, comprising:
a finite element model building step, namely building a finite element model of the part to be tested and the test equipment according to the test standard;
model connection, namely connecting the finite element models and performing constraint setting, wherein a contact model is established at the connection position of the vehicle door finite element model and the loading device finite element model;
a virtual sensor setting step of setting a virtual sensor at the contact model, wherein the virtual sensor monitors the contact force of the contact model;
loading, namely loading a test force by a finite element model of a loading device and applying the test force to a finite element model of a vehicle door through a contact model, monitoring the contact force of the contact model by a virtual sensor, loading by the loading device according to a displacement-time mode, and switching the loading device to a force-time mode for loading when the contact force of the contact model monitored by the virtual sensor reaches a threshold value, wherein:
the displacement-time mode is to control the loading device according to a displacement-time curve, and the displacement of the loading device linearly changes along with time according to the displacement-time curve until reaching the maximum limit and is kept constant after displacement;
the force-time mode is that the loading device is controlled according to a force-time curve, the force of the loading device is kept constant according to the force-time curve, and the force of the loading device is the maximum limit force value;
establishing two loading device finite element models, respectively establishing contact models at the connection parts of the vehicle door finite element model and the two loading device finite element models, arranging two virtual sensors, respectively monitoring the contact force of the corresponding contact models by each virtual sensor, and respectively and independently controlling the two loading devices.
2. The method for simulation testing of a sliding door retainer according to claim 1, wherein in the virtual sensor setting step, the configuration parameters of the virtual sensor include: virtual sensor ID number, monitoring object type, monitoring object ID number, monitoring standard.
3. A method of simulation testing of a sliding door retainer according to claim 2, wherein in the loading step, the parameters of the loading device finite element model configuration include: loading mode, control curve ID number, loading direction, trigger sensor ID number and trigger signal;
the loading device comprises a finite element model, a displacement-time mode, a trigger signal and a force-time mode, wherein the finite element model of the loading device is loaded with the displacement-time mode firstly, and when the contact force of the contact model monitored by the virtual sensor reaches a threshold value, the loading device is switched to the force-time mode.
4. The method of simulated testing of a sliding door retainer as recited in claim 1, further comprising:
and a calculation and comparison step, wherein the motion forms of the finite element model of the vehicle door and the finite element model of the loading device in the loading step and the contact force of the contact model are calculated and compared with the data of the actual test.
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| CN113177268A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-07-27 | 宝能(广州)汽车研究院有限公司 | Method and device for predicting assembly clearance of vehicle back door |
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| CN104568273A (en) * | 2015-01-12 | 2015-04-29 | 湖南大学 | Method for optimizing automobile sliding door opening and closing force based on test bed |
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| WO2000041155A1 (en) * | 1999-01-08 | 2000-07-13 | Meritor Light Vehicle Systems (Uk) Limited | Apparatus for the simulation and measurement of one or more operation characteristics of a device |
| CN104568273A (en) * | 2015-01-12 | 2015-04-29 | 湖南大学 | Method for optimizing automobile sliding door opening and closing force based on test bed |
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