CN111521141A - Device and method for measuring three-dimensional thermal expansion displacement of pipeline - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring three-dimensional thermal expansion displacement of pipeline Download PDFInfo
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- CN111521141A CN111521141A CN201910104242.8A CN201910104242A CN111521141A CN 111521141 A CN111521141 A CN 111521141A CN 201910104242 A CN201910104242 A CN 201910104242A CN 111521141 A CN111521141 A CN 111521141A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
- G01B21/04—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness by measuring coordinates of points
- G01B21/045—Correction of measurements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H17/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, not provided for in the preceding groups
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Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for measuring three-dimensional thermal expansion displacement of a pipeline, wherein the device comprises: a measuring point fixed on the surface of the pipe; a coordinate system device for determining the three-dimensional coordinates of the measurement points, the coordinate system device being fixedly mounted independently of the pipe; and the acceleration sensor is fixed on the surface of the pipeline and used for acquiring three-way vibration acceleration data at the measuring point. The device has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in installation, low cost, capability of accurately measuring the three-dimensional thermal expansion displacement of the pipeline in a static state and a vibration state, strong adaptability and contribution to large-scale use.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pipeline measurement, in particular to a device for measuring three-dimensional thermal expansion displacement of a pipeline.
Background
In the thermal state function test and the starting test stage of the nuclear power plant, the thermal expansion displacement of the pipeline needs to be measured, and the phenomenon that the pipeline stress is too large due to incorrect displacement direction or improper displacement of the pipeline and the safe operation of the pipeline is threatened is prevented. The traditional method is that a steel needle is installed on a pipeline, an aluminum plate is placed below the steel needle, the steel needle traces a motion track on the aluminum plate along with the movement of the pipeline, and the displacement of the pipeline in two directions in the plane of the aluminum plate is identified through the track. The method has poor measurement precision and is inconvenient to install and use. At present, a multi-laser displacement measurement method is used for measuring pipeline displacement, the method is high in measurement accuracy, but a laser displacement measurement system is high in cost and poor in adaptability to field environments, and large-scale pipeline measurement is not facilitated.
In addition, the pipeline in the nuclear power plant has vibration during operation, and the displacement value of the pipeline measured by the existing method comprises thermal expansion displacement and vibration displacement, and cannot reflect the real displacement value of the pipeline caused by thermal expansion. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a device for measuring three-dimensional thermal expansion displacement of a pipeline, which has high adaptability, high measurement accuracy, low cost and large-scale implementation.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects, the invention aims to provide a device capable of accurately measuring the three-dimensional thermal expansion displacement of a pipeline.
The invention provides a device for measuring three-dimensional thermal expansion displacement of a pipeline, which comprises: a measuring point fixed on the surface of the pipe; a coordinate system device for determining the three-dimensional coordinates of the measurement points, the coordinate system device being fixedly mounted independently of the pipe; and the acceleration sensor is fixed on the surface of the pipeline and used for acquiring three-way vibration acceleration data at the measuring point.
Preferably, the measuring point is fixed on the surface of the pipe by means of a pipe clamp.
Preferably, the device further comprises a data acquisition and analysis system, and the coordinate system device and the acceleration sensor are in signal connection with the data acquisition and analysis system.
Preferably, the coordinate system device includes three stay-supported displacement sensors, bodies of the three stay-supported displacement sensors are fixedly mounted independently of the pipeline, stay wires of the three stay-supported displacement sensors are all fixedly connected to the measuring point, and in an initial state, the stay wires of the three stay-supported displacement sensors are respectively located on an X axis, a Y axis and a Z axis.
Preferably, the body of the stay wire type displacement sensor is fixed on the bracket.
Preferably, the acceleration sensor is a three-axis acceleration sensor, and three axes measured by the three-axis acceleration sensor are respectively set as an X axis, a Y axis and a Z axis.
Preferably, the system further comprises a data acquisition and analysis system, and the stay wire type displacement sensor and the three-axis acceleration sensor are in signal connection with the data acquisition and analysis system.
The invention also provides a method for measuring the three-dimensional thermal expansion displacement of the pipeline by using the device, which comprises the following steps:
s1, fixedly connecting pull wires of the first pull wire type displacement sensor, the second pull wire type displacement sensor and the third pull wire type displacement sensor on a measuring point, and recording that the lengths of the pull wires of the first pull wire type displacement sensor, the second pull wire type displacement sensor and the third pull wire type displacement sensor are a1, b1 and c1 respectively in an initial state;
s2, setting the measuring point in the initial state as the origin of coordinates (0, 0, 0), and obtaining the coordinates of the bodies of the first stay wire type displacement sensor, the second stay wire type displacement sensor and the third stay wire type displacement sensor as (a1, 0, 0), (0, b1, 0) and (0, 0, c1) respectively;
s3, in the process of pipeline displacement, recording the lengths alpha 1, beta 1 and gamma 1 of the stay wires of the first stay wire type displacement sensor, the second stay wire type displacement sensor and the third stay wire type displacement sensor at the time of T1, and simultaneously recording the three-way vibration acceleration (ax, ay, az) measured by the three-axis acceleration sensor at the time of T1;
s4, assuming that the coordinates of the measuring point at time T1 are (X1, Y1, Z1), we can obtain:
obtaining specific coordinate values of the measuring points according to the formula (1), namely three-way displacement at the measuring point at the time of T1 is (X1, Y1 and Z1), and simultaneously carrying out quadratic integral calculation and trend removing item processing on the three-way vibration acceleration (ax, ay and az) to obtain three-way vibration displacement at the measuring point at the time of T1 as (Lx1, Ly1 and Lz1),
the three-way thermal expansion displacement of the measurement point at the time T1 can be obtained as (Δ X)1，ΔY1，ΔZ1) Wherein:
preferably, in the step S3, in order to reduce the error of the measured data, the sampling frequency of the data acquisition and analysis system is set to be N (N ≧ 2), the measuring time of each group of data is T1i (1 ≦ i ≦ N), then in the step S4, the three-way thermal expansion displacement of the measuring point at the time of T1i is obtained as (Δ X ≦ N)1i，ΔY1i，ΔZ1i) And the three-way thermal expansion displacement values at N groups of measuring points can be obtained every second, and the average value of the three-way thermal expansion displacement in the second is obtained
Three-way thermal expansion displacement as a measurement point, wherein:
preferably, the three-way thermal expansion displacement at the measurement point at different times is continuously calculated
And recording the measuring time Ti to generate a curve of the three-dimensional thermal expansion displacement value at the measuring point along with the change of time.
The device has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in installation, low cost, capability of accurately measuring the three-dimensional thermal expansion displacement of the pipeline in a static state and a vibration state, strong adaptability and contribution to large-scale use.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the apparatus for measuring three-dimensional thermal expansion of a pipeline according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the three-dimensional thermal expansion displacement values at the measurement points as a function of time;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a detrended item process.
1 measuring point
1' displaced measuring point
2 pipe clamp
3 acceleration sensor
4 pipeline
5 first stay-supported displacement sensor
6 second stay-supported displacement sensor
7 third stay-supported displacement sensor
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The invention provides a device for measuring three-dimensional thermal expansion displacement of a pipeline, as shown in figure 1, comprising: a measuring point 1 fixed on the surface of the pipe 4 and a coordinate system device for determining three-dimensional coordinates of the measuring point 1, the coordinate system device being fixedly installed independently of the pipe 4 in order that the installation position and posture of the coordinate system device do not change with changes in the pipe 4. The coordinate system means may establish a three-dimensional coordinate system and determine the three-dimensional coordinates of the measuring point 1 by measuring the distance of the measuring point 1 to the three coordinate axes by known means, such as by using a distance measuring sensor. The device of the invention also comprises an acceleration sensor 3 for acquiring three-way vibration acceleration data at the measuring point 1, wherein the acceleration sensor 3 is fixed on the surface of the pipeline 4 and is positioned near the measuring point 1.
In one embodiment of the invention, a pipe clamp 2 is fixed on the surface of the pipeline 4, a column is fixed on the pipe clamp 2, and the end of the column is provided with a small hole which is the measuring point 1. The coordinate system device comprises three stay wire displacement sensors 5, 6 and 7, the bodies of the three stay wire displacement sensors 5, 6 and 7 being fixedly mounted independently of the pipe 4, preferably the body of each stay wire displacement sensor being fixed to a support (not shown). The guys of the three guy wire type displacement sensors 5, 6 and 7 are all fixedly connected on the measuring point 1, and in an initial state, the guys of the three guy wire type displacement sensors 5, 6 and 7 are respectively positioned on an X axis, a Y axis and a Z axis. The acceleration sensor 3 may use three single-axis acceleration sensors to measure the three-directional vibration acceleration of the pipeline 4, or may use one three-axis acceleration sensor as in this embodiment, and sets the three axes measured by the three-axis acceleration sensor to be the X axis, the Y axis, and the Z axis, respectively. The embodiment also comprises a data acquisition and analysis system, and the coordinate system device and the acceleration sensor are in signal connection with the data acquisition and analysis system. In particular to a stay wire type displacement sensor and a three-axis acceleration sensor which are connected with a data acquisition and analysis system through signals. In the working process of the pipeline 4, the stay wire type displacement sensor and the triaxial acceleration sensor can transmit the measured data to the data acquisition and analysis system, the data acquisition and analysis system can record the stay wire length of the stay wire type displacement sensor and the three-dimensional vibration acceleration measured by the triaxial acceleration sensor in real time, the three-dimensional thermal expansion displacement of the pipeline 4 is obtained through calculation and analysis, and whether the displacement of the pipeline 4 at different moments is in a safe working range or not is analyzed and monitored.
In addition, the surface of pipeline 4 has still wrapped up the heat preservation usually, and measuring point 1 should be located outside the heat preservation for the position change of measuring point 1 is not influenced by heat preservation thickness, can accurately reflect the three-dimensional displacement change of pipeline 4.
The invention also provides a method for measuring the three-dimensional thermal expansion displacement of the pipeline by using the device, which comprises the following steps:
s1, as shown in fig. 1, the measuring point 1 is fixedly connected with the pull wires of the first pull-wire type displacement sensor 5, the second pull-wire type displacement sensor 6 and the third pull-wire type displacement sensor 7, and the lengths of the pull wires of the first pull-wire type displacement sensor 5, the second pull-wire type displacement sensor 6 and the third pull-wire type displacement sensor 7 are recorded as a1, b1 and c1 respectively in the initial state;
s2, setting the measurement point 1 in the initial state as the origin of coordinates (0, 0, 0), and obtaining the coordinates of the bodies of the first pull-wire type displacement sensor 5, the second pull-wire type displacement sensor 6, and the third pull-wire type displacement sensor 7 as (a1, 0, 0), (0, b1, 0), and (0, 0, c1), respectively;
s3, in the process of displacement of the pipeline 4, the lengths alpha 1, beta 1 and gamma 1 of the stay wires of the first stay wire type displacement sensor 5, the second stay wire type displacement sensor 6 and the third stay wire type displacement sensor 7 at the moment of T1 are recorded, the three-way vibration acceleration measured by the three-axis acceleration sensor 3 at the moment of T1 is recorded as (ax, ay, az), and preferably, the measured three-way vibration acceleration values are subjected to filtering processing, so that errors in subsequent calculation are reduced;
s4, if the coordinates of the measurement point at time T1 are (X1, Y1, Z1), and are marked as measurement point 1', then:
the specific coordinate value of the measuring point 1 ', namely the three-way displacement at the measuring point 1' at the time of T1 is (X1, Y1, Z1) is obtained according to the formula (1).
If the pipe 4 is in a static state, (ax, ay, az) is (0, 0, 0), (X1, Y1, Z1) is the three-way thermal expansion displacement value at time T1. However, in actual operation, the pipeline 4 may vibrate, the pipeline displacement value is the sum of the thermal expansion displacement value and the vibration displacement value, and the three-directional vibration acceleration is not 0, so that the three-directional vibration acceleration (ax, ay, az) needs to be subjected to quadratic integral calculation and detrending term processing to obtain the three-directional vibration displacement (Lx1, Ly1, Lz1) at the measurement point 1' at the time T1, so as to calculate the value of the thermal expansion displacement.
Specifically, taking the actual vibration acceleration ax (t) on the X axis as an example, the initial acceleration a0 in the X axis direction should be equal to 0, but in the actual measurement process, the acquired acceleration signal inevitably causes the initial acceleration to shift due to measurement errors and noise interference, that is, a0 is not equal to 0, ax is a0+ ax (t), and once integrating ax, the vibration velocity vx (unit: m/s) — a · in the X axis direction is obtained0+ax(t)dt＝a0t +. integral to ax (t) dt. Integrating the vibration velocity vx once again to obtain the vibration displacement in the X-axis direction
Namely, the actually calculated velocity vx and displacement Lx respectively contain a trend term a0t and quadratic trend term 0.5a0t2The error is amplified gradually as the number of integrations increases. Therefore, it is required toTrend terms in vx and Lx are calculated by polynomial least squares and subtracted from vx and Lx to reduce the error. As shown in fig. 3, a line a representing the vibration velocity vx in the X-axis direction is obtained by integrating ax once, the trend term in vx is a line B, it can be seen that both the line a and the line B have upward trends, and when the trend term is subtracted from vx, the vibration velocity vx1 processed by the detrending term is shown as a line C, the trend of which is horizontal, and vx1 is the actual vibration velocity in the X-axis direction. Similarly, the vibration velocity vx1 processed by the detrending term is integrated once to obtain the vibration displacement Lx in the X-axis direction, and the detrending term is processed on Lx to finally obtain the vibration displacement Lx1 in the X-axis direction of the detrending term. Ly1 and Lz1 are calculated in the same way as Lx 1.
The three-dimensional thermal expansion displacement of the finally obtained measurement point 1' is (Δ X)1，ΔY1，ΔZ1) Wherein:
preferably, in step S3, in order to reduce the error of the measured data, the sampling frequency of the data acquisition and analysis system is set to N (N ≧ 2), the measurement time of each set of data is T1i (1 ≦ i ≦ N), then in step S4, the three-way thermal expansion displacement of the measurement point at the time T1i can be calculated to be (Δ X ≦ N)1i，ΔY1i，ΔZ1i) And the three-way thermal expansion displacement values at N groups of measuring points per second are totally calculated, and the average value of the three-way thermal expansion displacement in the second is obtained
Three-way thermal expansion displacement as a measurement point, wherein:
in practical application, a plurality of measuring points can be arranged on the pipeline 4 according to requirements by a person skilled in the art, and the data acquisition and analysis system can continuously calculate the three-dimensional thermal expansion displacement at each measuring point at different moments
And recording the measuring time Ti to generate a curve of the three-way thermal expansion displacement value at each measuring point along with the change of time, as shown in figure 2.
In conclusion, the device has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in installation, low cost, capability of accurately measuring the three-dimensional thermal expansion displacement of the pipeline in the static state and the vibration state, strong adaptability and suitability for large-scale use. In addition, the method using the device can monitor the three-way displacement change of the pipeline in real time, record the corresponding relation between time and displacement, analyze the change trend of the displacement and meet the actual work requirement.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An apparatus for measuring three-dimensional thermal expansion displacement of a pipeline, comprising:
a measuring point (1) fixed on the surface of the pipe (4);
-coordinate system means for determining the three-dimensional coordinates of the measuring points (1), which are fixedly mounted independently of the pipe (4);
and the acceleration sensor (3) is fixed on the surface of the pipeline (4) and is used for acquiring three-way vibration acceleration data at the measuring point (1).
2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the measuring point (1) is fixed on the surface of the pipe (4) by means of a pipe clamp (2).
3. The device according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising a data acquisition and analysis system, wherein the coordinate system device and the acceleration sensor (3) are in signal connection with the data acquisition and analysis system.
4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the coordinate system device comprises three stay-supported displacement sensors, the bodies of which are fixedly mounted independently of the pipe (4), the stay wires of which are all fixedly connected to the measuring point (1), and in the initial state, the stay wires of which are located on the X-axis, the Y-axis and the Z-axis, respectively.
5. The device of claim 4, wherein the body of the pull-wire type displacement sensor is fixed on a bracket.
6. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the acceleration sensor (3) is a three-axis acceleration sensor and the three axes measured by the three-axis acceleration sensor are set to be the X-axis, the Y-axis and the Z-axis, respectively.
7. The device of claim 6, further comprising a data acquisition and analysis system, wherein the stay wire type displacement sensor and the three-axis acceleration sensor are in signal connection with the data acquisition and analysis system.
8. A method for measuring three-dimensional thermal expansion displacement of a pipeline by using the device of claim 7, comprising the steps of:
s1, stay wires of the first stay wire type displacement sensor (5), the second stay wire type displacement sensor (6) and the third stay wire type displacement sensor (7) are fixedly connected to a measuring point, and the stay wire lengths of the first stay wire type displacement sensor (5), the second stay wire type displacement sensor (6) and the third stay wire type displacement sensor (7) are recorded as a1, b1 and c1 respectively in an initial state;
s2, setting the measuring point in the initial state as a coordinate origin (0, 0, 0), and obtaining the coordinates of the bodies of the first stay wire type displacement sensor (5), the second stay wire type displacement sensor (6) and the third stay wire type displacement sensor (7) as (a1, 0, 0), (0, b1, 0) and (0, 0, c1) respectively;
s3, in the process of displacement of the pipeline (4), the lengths alpha 1, beta 1 and gamma 1 of the stay wires of the first stay wire type displacement sensor (5), the second stay wire type displacement sensor (6) and the third stay wire type displacement sensor (7) at the time of T1 are recorded, and the three-way vibration acceleration measured by the three-axis acceleration sensor at the time of T1 is recorded as (ax, ay, az);
s4, assuming that the coordinates of the measuring point at time T1 are (X1, Y1, Z1), we can obtain:
obtaining specific coordinate values of the measuring points according to the formula (1), namely three-way displacement at the measuring point at the time of T1 is (X1, Y1 and Z1), and simultaneously carrying out quadratic integral calculation and trend removing item processing on the three-way vibration acceleration (ax, ay and az) to obtain three-way vibration displacement at the measuring point at the time of T1 as (Lx1, Ly1 and Lz1),
the three-way thermal expansion displacement of the measurement point at the time T1 can be obtained as (Δ X)1，ΔY1，ΔZ1) Wherein:
9. the method as claimed in claim 8, wherein in step S3, in order to reduce the error of the measured data, the sampling frequency of the data acquisition and analysis system is set to N (N ≧ 2), the measuring time of each group of data is T1i (1 ≦ i ≦ N), then in step S4, the three-way thermal expansion displacement of the measuring point at the time of T1i is obtained as (Δ X ≦ N)1i，ΔY1i，ΔZ1i) And the three-way thermal expansion displacement values at N groups of measuring points can be obtained every second, and the average value of the three-way thermal expansion displacement in the second is obtained
Three-way thermal expansion displacement as a measurement point, wherein:
10. the method of claim 8, wherein the three-way thermal expansion displacement at the measurement point at different times is calculated continuously
And recording the measuring time Ti to generate a curve of the three-dimensional thermal expansion displacement value at the measuring point along with the change of time.
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| CN111521141B (en) | 2021-12-07 |
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