CN111516087A - Flame-retardant industrial hemp straw fiberboard and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Flame-retardant industrial hemp straw fiberboard and manufacturing method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111516087A
CN111516087A CN202010201179.2A CN202010201179A CN111516087A CN 111516087 A CN111516087 A CN 111516087A CN 202010201179 A CN202010201179 A CN 202010201179A CN 111516087 A CN111516087 A CN 111516087A
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flame
industrial hemp
retardant
paving
hemp straw
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CN111516087B (en
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洪家敏
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/02—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N1/00—Pretreatment of moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N1/00—Pretreatment of moulding material
    • B27N1/02—Mixing the material with binding agent
    • B27N1/0209—Methods, e.g. characterised by the composition of the agent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/002—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres characterised by the type of binder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/04—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • B27N3/10—Moulding of mats
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • B27N3/16—Transporting the material from mat moulding stations to presses; Apparatus specially adapted for transporting the material or component parts therefor, e.g. cauls
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J1/00—Adhesives based on inorganic constituents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J11/00—Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
    • C09J11/02—Non-macromolecular additives
    • C09J11/04—Non-macromolecular additives inorganic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J11/00—Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
    • C09J11/02—Non-macromolecular additives
    • C09J11/06—Non-macromolecular additives organic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J11/00—Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
    • C09J11/08—Macromolecular additives

Abstract

The invention discloses a flame-retardant industrial hemp straw fiberboard, which is prepared by the steps of cold pressing, curing and the like of raw materials comprising industrial hemp straw whole-straw core crushed aggregates and a flame-retardant adhesive accounting for 25-45% of the crushed aggregates. Aiming at the method that the traditional fiberboard is manufactured by adopting a hot pressing process and applying a solvent type adhesive, the method for manufacturing the flame-retardant formaldehyde-free industrial hemp straw artificial fiberboard by using a cold pressing process and a special flame-retardant formaldehyde-free adhesive is provided. Compared with the traditional fiberboard manufacturing method, the invention has the advantages of simple process, low energy consumption and no environmental pollution, and compared with the wood fiberboard, the obtained product has the characteristics of flame retardance, low smoke, no stimulation, no toxicity, no formaldehyde, bacteria prevention, insect prevention, water resistance, high strength, medium/high density and the like.

Description

Flame-retardant industrial hemp straw fiberboard and manufacturing method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of artificial board manufacturing, in particular to a flame-retardant industrial hemp straw fiberboard using industrial hemp straw as a main raw material and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
Hemp (CannabissativaL.) commonly called as hemp, hemp flower, hemp line and the like is mainly planted in subtropical and temperate regions of Asia, Europe and North America, has the advantages of half-year growth, preference for illumination, barren resistance, strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, thick plant height, high stalk height of 4 meters and thick stalk and stem of more than 2 centimeters, and can generate 0.6 to 1.2 tons of straws per mu. The industrial hemp is a general name of the hemp variety which is specified in the 'rule of banning illegal transport of narcotic drugs and psychopharmaceuticals' of the United nations issued in 1988 by the United nations, and the hemp variety with Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) < 0.3% is named as the industrial hemp, which is a general name of the hemp variety which is artificially bred on the basis of the hemp germplasm and keeps the excellent biological habit of the hemp, but has no any value of extracting toxic components or directly taking the toxic components as drugs and is specially used for industrial application. In recent years, industrial hemp is listed as a high-value special biological resource in China. At present, seeds, flowers, leaves and skins of industrial hemp are fully utilized, but the utilization rate of a rod core part accounting for about 90 percent of the whole plant of the industrial hemp is extremely low, and most of industrial hemp is regarded as waste or is incinerated, so that great waste is caused. Therefore, the artificial fiber board is scientifically manufactured by utilizing the industrial hemp straws, so that the development of the industrial hemp industry can be promoted, and the income of growers can be increased; on the other hand, the resource shortage condition of the artificial board industry in China can be relieved, and green development is further realized.
The stem core part of industrial hemp contains rich wood fiber, the lignin of the stem core part and the lignin of the bark part are superior to that of rice, wheat, corn and the like of crop straws, and the lignin is similar to loose pore materials of broad leaf wood and is a wood raw material with good fiber form, so the industrial hemp is very suitable for manufacturing artificial fiber boards. Aiming at the problems that the prior artificial fiberboard manufacturing generally adopts a hot pressing process, the energy consumption is high, the process is complex, the equipment is expensive, and the environmental protection function is low; the adhesive generally contains formaldehyde, and the product has the defects of no fire resistance, no insect prevention, no mould prevention and the like, and particularly has difficult obtainment of ideal economic benefit for manufacturers with smaller investment scale and in agricultural regions. Therefore, the development is simple and easy, the design and manufacturing cost is low, and the significance of the flame-retardant industrial hemp straw fiberboard with high added value of products and the manufacturing method thereof is great.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a flame-retardant industrial hemp straw fiberboard using industrial hemp straws as a main raw material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the flame-retardant industrial hemp straw fiberboard prepares the whole straw core of the industrial hemp straws into crushed aggregates with unequal thickness, obtains granular materials and fibrous crushed aggregates through screening, applies 25-45% of self-made flame-retardant adhesive, and is prepared through the steps of humidifying, paving, cold pressing, curing and the like, so that the flame-retardant industrial hemp straw fiberboard has the advantages of flame retardance, mildew resistance, environmental protection and high strength; the preparation method has the advantages of smoothness, simplicity and reasonable design, further improves the utilization rate of industrial hemp, increases the functionality and the added value of products, and provides a new path for the development of the artificial board industry.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the raw materials of the flame-retardant industrial hemp straw fiberboard comprise industrial hemp straw whole-straw core crushed aggregates, a flame-retardant adhesive and a mildew-proof antibacterial agent, wherein the flame-retardant adhesive accounts for 25-45% of the crushed aggregates by weight; the flame-retardant adhesive comprises the following raw materials: sulfonic acid, sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (AES), magnesium chloride, magnesium oxide, alkylphenol ethoxylates (OP-10), dodecyl sulfuric acid (K-12), magnesium sulfate, polyvinyl alcohol and trisodium phosphate; the preparation method of the flame-retardant adhesive comprises the following steps:
s1, adding sufficient clear water, sulfonic acid accounting for 5.0-9.0% of the weight of the clear water, sodium alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (AES) accounting for 5.0-9.0% of the weight of the clear water and polyvinyl alcohol accounting for 4.5-9.5% of the weight of the clear water into a container in a normal temperature environment, and uniformly stirring; slowly stirring while heating at constant speed for at least 2.5h, heating to 90-95 deg.C, and naturally cooling to obtain polyvinyl alcohol solution;
s2, adding sufficient clear water, magnesium oxide accounting for 5-8% of the weight of the clear water, magnesium chloride accounting for 20-25% of the weight of the clear water and magnesium sulfate accounting for 35-45% of the weight of the clear water into another container in a normal temperature environment, and fully stirring until the magnesium oxide, the magnesium sulfate, the magnesium chloride and the clear water are dissolved to prepare a mixed solution of the magnesium oxide, the magnesium sulfate and the clear water for later use;
s3, uniformly stirring the polyvinyl alcohol solution and the mixed solution prepared in the steps S1 and S2 under normal temperature environment to prepare a flame-retardant adhesive base solution;
s4, adding alkylphenol polyoxyethylene (OP-10) accounting for 25-35% of the weight of the flame-retardant adhesive base liquid, dodecyl sulfuric acid (K-12) accounting for 6.0-9.0% of the weight of the flame-retardant adhesive base liquid and trisodium phosphate accounting for 0.3-0.5% of the weight of the flame-retardant adhesive base liquid into the obtained flame-retardant adhesive base liquid, slowly stirring and heating, and preserving heat at 35-38 ℃ to obtain the flame-retardant adhesive.
The raw materials of the formula of the flame-retardant adhesive are mainly inorganic materials, no formaldehyde substance exists, magnesium chloride is a curing agent and has a flame-retardant function, polyvinyl alcohol is a toughening agent, magnesium oxide is a flame retardant, magnesium sulfate is a coagulation-aiding reinforcing agent, sulfonic acid in the flame-retardant adhesive has wide adhesiveness, water resistance and durability, the quick coagulation can be realized at normal temperature, dodecyl sulfuric acid (K-12) is an emulsifier, a fire extinguishing agent, a foaming agent and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate (AES) have foaming, emulsifying and hard water resisting functions, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (OP-10) is a dispersing agent, trisodium phosphate is an acid-base buffering agent and a coagulating agent of an adhesive and serves as a fireproof agent. The invention selects the formula with strong affinity with the plant fiber, achieves the purposes of flame retardance, bonding and no formaldehyde, and has clear components, simple procedure, accurate measurement, economy and practicability.
The polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution has strong adhesive force to materials containing fibers, and in the invention, due to the porous characteristic of the industrial hemp straw, when the industrial hemp straw is combined with the fiber materials in the scheme, a multigrid plasticizing body can be formed after moisture is lost, and when the industrial hemp straw is combined with magnesium chloride, the industrial hemp straw has flame retardant and bonding functions; the polyvinyl alcohol is safe and nontoxic.
The magnesium chloride and the magnesium sulfate are stable in chemical property after being matched, can be stored for a long time at normal temperature, and when the magnesium chloride and the magnesium sulfate are used for fiber materials, effective components contained in water can be quickly absorbed by the dried fiber materials; curing is carried out within 24-48 h under the normal temperature state, and 65-75% of water is lost at the same time, so that the cured plate blank is formed.
In a further technical scheme, the industrial hemp straw whole-straw core crushed aggregates are divided into granular materials and fibrous crushed aggregates, and the industrial hemp straw fiberboard is of a three-layer structure and sequentially comprises a granular material layer, a fibrous crushed material layer and a granular material layer.
In a further technical scheme, the particle materials account for 25-35% of the crushed materials by weight, and the fibrous crushed materials account for 65-75% of the crushed materials by weight, so that the internal bonding strength can be effectively increased, the physical strength of the whole plate is improved, and secondary processing is facilitated.
In a further technical scheme, the diameter of the granular material is 0.2mm-2.5 mm; the fibrous crushed aggregates have a diameter of 2.6mm-3.5mm and a length of 3mm-80 mm.
The middle layer is made of fibrous particles with the length of 3-80 mm, because the particles are of an irregular non-oriented crossed structure, the internal bonding strength of the board can be improved, and the physical performance of the board is improved, and the particle material layer has the main function of facilitating secondary processing of downstream enterprises, such as veneering, carving, painting and the like, besides the attractiveness, such as flatness, smoothness and fineness, of the board; meanwhile, the strength is improved, and secondary processing is facilitated.
In a further technical scheme, the granular materials and the fibrous crushed materials are both materials subjected to humidification and mould-proof treatment.
In a further technical scheme, the thickness of the flame-retardant industrial hemp straw fiber board is 3-45 mm, and the density is 700Kg/m3-1100Kg/m3。
The invention also provides a preparation method of the flame-retardant industrial hemp straw fiberboard, and the technical scheme is as follows:
a preparation method of a flame-retardant industrial hemp straw fiberboard comprises the following steps:
A. preparation of industrial hemp straw granules and fibrous crushed aggregates: rolling and crushing the whole industrial hemp straw with the water content of not more than 12% by using a pair of rolling machines, then inputting the crushed material into a crusher for crushing, and then inputting the crushed material into a separator for screening to respectively prepare the granular material and the fibrous crushed material;
B. humidifying and preventing mould: 1 kg of mould-proof antibacterial agent and 100 kg of clean water are blended into mould-proof humidifying liquid, the prepared granular materials and the fibrous crushed materials are respectively placed on a conveyor belt for mist spraying and humidifying, so that the water content of the granular materials and the fibrous crushed materials reaches 20% -22%, the humidified granular materials and the humidified fibrous crushed materials are respectively sent into a bin of a paving machine by using an air conveying pipeline, and the humidified granular materials and the humidified fibrous crushed materials are enabled to obtain uniform humidity in the process of rapidly rotating blades of the air conveying machine and passing through the pipeline;
the purpose of humidification is to prevent the particles and the fibrous particles from being too loose and to be quickly dissolved with the flame-retardant adhesive during paving; the mildew-proof antibacterial agent is used for preventing the plates from breeding bacteria and mildew.
C. Paving and sizing: according to the weight ratio of the flame-retardant adhesive to the industrial hemp straw crushed aggregates of 25-45%: paving and gluing 55-75% of the raw material to obtain a rough blank of the flame-retardant industrial hemp straw fiberboard;
D. pre-pressing: the rough blank is conveyed to a multi-roller rolling machine through a flat plate conveyor belt to be rolled at the advancing speed of 3m/s, so that the rough blank is further compressed, and the production efficiency is higher;
E. cold pressing and pressure locking: feeding the rough blanks subjected to rolling compression into a multi-layer pressure locking device which is arranged in a cold press in advance through a manipulator, wherein one rough blank is arranged on each layer until the rough blanks are full, cold pressing is carried out, the pressure is 1000 tons to 1800 tons, and meanwhile, the multi-layer pressure device is locked, so that the pressure of 1000 tons to 1800 tons is still kept after the multi-layer pressure device is withdrawn from the cold press;
F. curing and solidifying: placing the multilayer pressure device exiting the cold press in a normal temperature environment for 24-48 h, wherein due to the action of magnesium chloride, magnesium oxide, magnesium sulfate and other components, the flame-retardant industrial hemp straw fiberboard rough blank can generate a temperature higher than the normal temperature in the multilayer pressure device and overflow partial water under the action of pressure, and simultaneously, the rough blank starts to be condensed and solidified to form a flame-retardant industrial hemp straw fiberboard blank;
G. drying and after-finishing: and (3) releasing the pressure of the multilayer pressure device, taking out the plate blank, cutting out burrs, drying until the water content is 8% -12%, and sanding, polishing and trimming to obtain the finished product of the flame-retardant industrial hemp straw fiberboard.
In a further technical scheme, the paving and sizing in the step C specifically comprises the following steps:
c1, first spreading and sizing: uniformly paving the humidified particles on a flat plate conveyor belt through a first mechanical paving head, spraying the flame-retardant adhesive which is kept between 35 and 38 ℃ on the paved particles in a mist form through a first spray head, and repeatedly paving and spraying for three times to finish first paving and gluing, wherein the conveyor belt moves to a second paving position;
c2, second spreading and sizing: uniformly paving the humidified fibrous crushed aggregates on the first paved particles through a second mechanical paving head, then spraying the flame-retardant adhesive on the paved fibrous crushed aggregates in a mist form through a second spray head, and repeatedly paving and spraying for three times to finish second paving and gluing, wherein the conveying belt moves to a third paving position;
and C3, paving and gluing for the third time, wherein the paving and gluing for the first time are the same, so that the flame-retardant industrial hemp straw fiberboard forms a rough blank with a three-layer structure.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention uses the self-made flame-retardant adhesive and a novel process to ensure that the product quality is more reliable and stable, the non-combustible grade of the flame-retardant adhesive reaches A1 grade, the non-combustible grade of the finished board reaches B1 grade, the mildew-proof performance reaches 0 grade, and the antibacterial rate to escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus reaches 99.99 percent. The whole production process is simple and smooth, is more suitable for the requirement of mechanized operation, and has low cost and high production efficiency.
2. The raw materials of the formula of the flame-retardant adhesive are mainly inorganic materials, no formaldehyde substance exists, magnesium chloride is a curing agent and has a flame-retardant function, polyvinyl alcohol is a toughening agent, magnesium oxide is a flame retardant, magnesium sulfate is a coagulation-aiding reinforcing agent, sulfonic acid in the flame-retardant adhesive has wide adhesiveness, water resistance and durability, the quick coagulation can be realized at normal temperature, dodecyl sulfuric acid (K-12) is an emulsifier, a fire extinguishing agent, a foaming agent and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate (AES) have foaming, emulsifying and hard water resisting functions, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (OP-10) is a dispersing agent, trisodium phosphate is an acid-base buffering agent and a coagulating agent of an adhesive and serves as a fireproof agent. The invention selects the formula with strong affinity with the plant fiber, achieves the purposes of flame retardance, bonding and no formaldehyde, and has clear components, simple procedure, accurate measurement, economy and practicability.
3. The middle layer is made of fibrous particles with the length of 3-80 mm, because the particles are of an irregular non-oriented crossed structure, the internal bonding strength of the board can be improved, and the physical performance of the board is improved, and the particle material layer has the main function of facilitating secondary processing of downstream enterprises, such as veneering, carving, painting and the like, besides the attractiveness, such as flatness, smoothness and fineness, of the board; meanwhile, the strength is improved, and secondary processing is facilitated.
4. The granular materials and the fibrous crushed materials are humidified, so that the granular materials and the fibrous crushed materials can be prevented from being too loose and can be quickly dissolved together with the flame-retardant adhesive when being paved; the mildew-proof antibacterial agent can prevent the plates from breeding bacteria and mildew.
Detailed Description
The following provides a detailed description of embodiments of the invention.
Example 1:
a flame-retardant industrial hemp straw fiberboard comprises raw materials of industrial hemp straw whole-straw core crushed aggregates, a flame-retardant adhesive and a mildew-proof antibacterial agent; the flame-retardant adhesive comprises the following raw materials: xanthic acid, AES, magnesium chloride, magnesium oxide, OP-10, K-12, magnesium sulfate, polyvinyl alcohol and trisodium phosphate; the mildew-proof antibacterial agent is one of mildew-proof antibacterial agents for wood.
The preparation method of the flame-retardant industrial hemp straw fiberboard comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing a flame-retardant adhesive, which comprises the following specific steps:
s1, adding sufficient clear water, sulfonic acid accounting for 5.0 percent of the weight of the clear water, sodium fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (AES) accounting for 5.0 percent of the weight of the clear water and polyvinyl alcohol accounting for 4.5 percent of the weight of the clear water into a container in a normal temperature environment, and uniformly stirring; slowly stirring while heating at constant speed for at least 2.5h, heating to 90-95 deg.C, and naturally cooling to obtain polyvinyl alcohol solution;
s2, adding sufficient clear water, magnesium oxide accounting for 5% of the weight of the clear water, magnesium chloride accounting for 20% of the weight of the clear water and magnesium sulfate accounting for 35% of the weight of the clear water into another container in a normal temperature environment, and fully stirring until the magnesium oxide, the magnesium sulfate, the magnesium chloride and the clear water are dissolved to prepare a mixed solution of the magnesium oxide, the magnesium sulfate and the clear water for later use;
s3, uniformly stirring the polyvinyl alcohol solution and the mixed solution prepared in the steps S1 and S2 under normal temperature environment to prepare a flame-retardant adhesive base solution;
s4, adding alkylphenol polyoxyethylene (OP-10) accounting for 25 percent of the weight of the flame-retardant adhesive base liquid, dodecyl sulfuric acid (K-12) accounting for 6.0 percent of the weight of the flame-retardant adhesive base liquid and trisodium phosphate accounting for 0.3 percent of the weight of the flame-retardant adhesive base liquid into the obtained flame-retardant adhesive base liquid, slowly stirring and heating, and preserving heat at 35-38 ℃ to obtain the flame-retardant adhesive.
Secondly, preparing the industrial hemp straw particle material and the fibrous crushed aggregates by the following steps:
and (3) rolling and crushing the whole industrial hemp straw with the water content of not more than 12% by using a pair-rolling type rolling machine, then inputting the crushed material into a crusher for crushing, and then inputting the crushed material into a sorting machine for screening to respectively prepare the granular material and the fibrous crushed material.
Thirdly, humidifying and preventing mould, and the specific steps are as follows:
1 kg of mould-proof antibacterial agent and 100 kg of clean water are blended into mould-proof humidifying liquid, the prepared granular materials and the fibrous crushed materials are respectively placed on a conveyor belt for mist spraying and humidifying, so that the water content of the granular materials and the fibrous crushed materials reaches 20% -22%, the humidified granular materials and the humidified fibrous crushed materials are respectively sent into a bin of a paving machine by using an air conveying pipeline, and the humidified granular materials and the humidified fibrous crushed materials are enabled to obtain uniform humidity in the process of rapidly rotating blades of the air conveying machine and passing through the pipeline; the purpose of humidification is to prevent the particles and the fibrous particles from being too loose and to be quickly dissolved with the flame-retardant adhesive during paving; the mildew-proof antibacterial agent is used for preventing the plates from breeding bacteria and mildew.
Fourthly, paving and gluing, wherein the weight ratio of the flame-retardant adhesive to the industrial hemp straw crushed aggregates is 25%: paving and gluing 75% of the raw materials to obtain a rough blank of the flame-retardant industrial hemp straw fiberboard, and specifically comprises the following steps:
c1, first spreading and sizing: uniformly paving the humidified particles on a flat plate conveyor belt through a first mechanical paving head, spraying the flame-retardant adhesive which is kept between 35 and 38 ℃ on the paved particles in a mist form through a first spray head, and repeatedly paving and spraying for three times to finish first paving and gluing, wherein the conveyor belt moves to a second paving position;
c2, second spreading and sizing: uniformly paving the humidified fibrous crushed aggregates on the first paved particles through a second mechanical paving head, then spraying the flame-retardant adhesive on the paved fibrous crushed aggregates in a mist form through a second spray head, and repeatedly paving and spraying for three times to finish second paving and gluing, wherein the conveying belt moves to a third paving position;
and C3, paving and gluing for the third time, wherein the paving and gluing for the first time are the same, so that the flame-retardant industrial hemp straw fiberboard forms a rough blank with a three-layer structure.
Fifthly, prepressing, which comprises the following steps:
conveying the rough blank to a multi-roller rolling machine through a flat plate conveyor belt to be rolled at the advancing speed of 3m/s, so that the rough blank is further compressed;
sixthly, cold pressing and pressure locking, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
the rough blanks subjected to rolling compression are fed into a multilayer pressure locking device which is arranged in a cold press in advance through a manipulator, one rough blank on each layer is cold pressed until the rough blanks are full, the pressure is 1000 tons, and meanwhile, the multilayer pressure device is locked, so that the pressure of 1000 tons is still kept after the multilayer pressure device is withdrawn from the cold press.
Seventhly, curing and protecting solidification, which comprises the following specific steps:
and placing the multilayer pressure device exiting from the cold press in a normal temperature environment for 24-48 h, wherein the flame-retardant industrial hemp straw fiberboard blank can generate a temperature higher than the normal temperature in the multilayer pressure device and overflow partial water under the action of pressure due to the action of magnesium chloride, magnesium oxide, magnesium sulfate and other components, and simultaneously, the blank begins to be condensed and solidified to form the flame-retardant industrial hemp straw fiberboard blank.
Eighthly, drying and post-finishing, which comprises the following specific steps:
and (3) releasing the pressure of the multilayer pressure device, taking out the plate blank, cutting out burrs, drying until the water content is 8% -12%, and sanding, polishing and trimming to obtain the finished product of the flame-retardant industrial hemp straw fiberboard.
And (3) detecting a finished product: the flame retardant rating is B1 grade, and the density (Kg/m)3) 700, the formaldehyde release amount is 0 grade, the mildew resistance reaches 0 grade, and the antibacterial rate to escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus reaches 99.99 percent; the test results are shown in Table 1.
Example 2:
all the steps of example 1 were repeated except that:
when the flame retardant adhesive is prepared, in step S1, the weight ratio of the sulfonic acid is 6.0%, the weight ratio of the sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (AES) is 6.0%, and the weight ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol is 5.5%;
in step S4, the weight ratio of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (OP-10) is 28%, the weight ratio of lauryl sulfuric acid (K-12) is 7.0%, and the weight ratio of trisodium phosphate is 0.35%;
when in paving and gluing, the weight ratio of the flame-retardant adhesive to the industrial hemp straw crushed aggregates is 28%: sizing at a ratio of 72%;
when cold pressing and pressure locking are carried out, the pressure of a cold press of the flame-retardant industrial hemp straw fiberboard is 1200 tons, and the pressure kept by the multilayer pressure device is 1200 tons;
the rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1.
And (3) detecting a finished product: the flame retardant rating is B1 grade, and the density (Kg/m)3) 750, the formaldehyde release amount is 0 grade, the mildew resistance reaches 0 grade, and the antibacterial rate to escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus reaches 99.99 percent; the test results are shown in Table 1.
Example 3:
all the steps of example 1 were repeated except that:
when the flame retardant adhesive is prepared, in step S1, the weight ratio of the sulfonic acid is 6.5%, the weight ratio of the sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (AES) is 6.5%, and the weight ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol is 6.5%;
in step S2, the weight ratio of magnesium oxide is 6.0%, the weight ratio of magnesium chloride is 22%, and the weight ratio of magnesium sulfate is 38%;
in step S4, the weight ratio of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (OP-10) is 30%, the weight ratio of lauryl sulfuric acid (K-12) is 7.5%, and the weight ratio of trisodium phosphate is 0.38%;
when paving and gluing, the weight ratio of the flame-retardant adhesive to the industrial hemp straw crushed aggregates is 30%: sizing at a ratio of 70%;
when cold pressing and pressure locking are carried out, the pressure of a cold press of the flame-retardant industrial hemp straw fiberboard is 1300 tons, and the pressure kept by the multilayer pressure device is 1300 tons;
the rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1.
And (3) detecting a finished product: the flame retardant rating is B1 grade, and the density (Kg/m)3) 850, the formaldehyde release amount is 0 grade, the mildew resistance reaches 0 grade, and the antibacterial rate to escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus reaches 99.99 percent; the test results are shown in Table 1.
Example 4:
all the steps of example 1 were repeated except that:
when the flame retardant adhesive is prepared, in step S1, the weight ratio of the sulfonic acid is 7.0%, the weight ratio of the sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (AES) is 7.0%, and the weight ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol is 7.0%;
in step S2, the weight ratio of magnesium oxide is 6.5%, the weight ratio of magnesium chloride is 23%, and the weight ratio of magnesium sulfate is 40%;
in step S4, the weight ratio of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (OP-10) is 32%, the weight ratio of lauryl sulfuric acid (K-12) is 7.8%, and the weight ratio of trisodium phosphate is 0.4%;
when in paving and gluing, the weight ratio of the flame-retardant adhesive to the industrial hemp straw crushed aggregates is 35 percent: sizing at a ratio of 65%;
when cold pressing and pressure locking are carried out, the pressure of a cold press of the flame-retardant industrial hemp straw fiberboard is 1500 tons, and the pressure kept by the multilayer pressure device is 1500 tons;
the rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1.
And (3) detecting a finished product: the flame retardant rating is B1 grade, and the density (Kg/m)3) 900, the formaldehyde release amount is 0 grade, the mildew resistance reaches 0 grade, and the antibacterial rate to escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus reaches 99.99 percent; the test results are shown in Table 1.
Example 5:
all the steps of example 1 were repeated except that:
when the flame retardant adhesive is prepared, in step S1, the weight ratio of the sulfonic acid is 7.5%, the weight ratio of the sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (AES) is 7.5%, and the weight ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol is 7.5%;
in step S2, the weight ratio of magnesium oxide is 7.0%, the weight ratio of magnesium chloride is 24%, and the weight ratio of magnesium sulfate is 42%;
in step S4, the weight ratio of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (OP-10) is 33%, the weight ratio of lauryl sulfuric acid (K-12) is 8.0%, and the weight ratio of trisodium phosphate is 0.42%;
when paving and gluing, the weight ratio of the flame-retardant adhesive to the industrial hemp straw crushed aggregates is 38%: sizing at a ratio of 62%;
when cold pressing and pressure locking are carried out, the pressure of a cold press of the flame-retardant industrial hemp straw fiberboard is 1600 tons, and the pressure kept by the multilayer pressure device is 1600 tons;
the rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1.
And (3) detecting a finished product: the flame retardant rating is B1 grade, and the density (Kg/m)3) 950, the formaldehyde release amount is 0 grade, the mildew resistance reaches 0 grade, and the antibacterial rate to escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus reaches 99.99 percent; the test results are shown in Table 1.
Example 6:
all the steps of example 1 were repeated except that:
when the flame retardant adhesive is prepared, in step S1, the weight ratio of the sulfonic acid is 8.0%, the weight ratio of the sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (AES) is 8.0%, and the weight ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol is 8.0%;
in step S2, the weight ratio of magnesium oxide is 7.5%, the weight ratio of magnesium chloride is 24.5%, and the weight ratio of magnesium sulfate is 43%;
in step S4, the weight ratio of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (OP-10) is 34%, the weight ratio of lauryl sulfuric acid (K-12) is 8.5%, and the weight ratio of trisodium phosphate is 0.43%;
when paving and gluing, the weight ratio of the flame-retardant adhesive to the industrial hemp straw crushed aggregates is 40%: sizing at the ratio of 60 percent;
when cold pressing and pressure locking are carried out, the pressure of a cold press of the flame-retardant industrial hemp straw fiberboard is 1700 tons, and the pressure kept by the multilayer pressure device is 1700 tons;
the rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1.
And (3) detecting a finished product: the flame retardant rating is B1 grade, and the density (Kg/m)3) The formaldehyde release amount is 1000, the formaldehyde release amount is 0 grade, the mildew resistance reaches 0 grade, and the antibacterial rate on escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus reaches 99.99 percent; the test results are shown in Table 1.
Implementation 7:
all the steps of example 1 were repeated except that:
when the flame retardant adhesive is prepared, in step S1, the weight ratio of the sulfonic acid is 8.5%, the weight ratio of the sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (AES) is 8.5%, and the weight ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol is 8.5%;
in step S2, the weight ratio of magnesium oxide is 8.0%, the weight ratio of magnesium chloride is 25%, and the weight ratio of magnesium sulfate is 45%;
in step S4, the weight ratio of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (OP-10) is 35%, the weight ratio of lauryl sulfuric acid (K-12) is 9.0%, and the weight ratio of trisodium phosphate is 0.5%;
when paving and gluing, the weight ratio of the flame-retardant adhesive to the industrial hemp straw crushed aggregates is 42%: sizing at a ratio of 58%;
when cold pressing and pressure locking are carried out, the pressure of a cold press of the flame-retardant industrial hemp straw fiberboard is 1700 tons, and the pressure kept by the multilayer pressure device is 1700 tons;
the rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1.
And (3) detecting a finished product: the flame retardant rating is B1 grade, and the density (Kg/m)3) 1050, the formaldehyde release amount is 0 grade, the mildew resistance reaches 0 grade, and the antibacterial rate on escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus reaches 99.99 percent; the test results are shown in Table 1.
Example 8:
all the steps of example 1 were repeated except that:
when the flame retardant adhesive is prepared, in step S1, the weight ratio of the sulfonic acid is 9.0%, the weight ratio of the sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (AES) is 9.0%, and the weight ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol is 9.5%;
in step S2, the weight ratio of magnesium oxide is 8.0%, the weight ratio of magnesium chloride is 25%, and the weight ratio of magnesium sulfate is 45%;
in step S4, the weight ratio of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (OP-10) is 35%, the weight ratio of lauryl sulfuric acid (K-12) is 9.0%, and the weight ratio of trisodium phosphate is 0.5%;
when paving and gluing, according to the weight ratio of the flame-retardant adhesive to the industrial hemp straw crushed aggregates of 45%: sizing at a ratio of 55%;
when cold pressing and pressure locking are carried out, the pressure of a cold press of the flame-retardant industrial hemp straw fiberboard is 1800 tons, and the pressure kept by the multilayer pressure device is 1800 tons;
the rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1.
And (3) detecting a finished product: the flame retardant rating is B1 grade, and the density (Kg/m)3) 1100, the formaldehyde release amount is 0 grade, the mildew resistance reaches 0 grade, and the antibacterial rate to escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus reaches 99.99 percent; the test results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 flame retardant industrial hemp straw artificial fiber board performance test results
Figure BDA0002419435690000141
Figure BDA0002419435690000151
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the specific embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. The flame-retardant industrial hemp straw fiberboard is characterized in that raw materials comprise industrial hemp straw whole-straw core crushed aggregates, a flame-retardant adhesive and a mildew-proof antibacterial agent, wherein the flame-retardant adhesive accounts for 25-45% of the crushed aggregates by weight; the flame-retardant adhesive comprises the following raw materials: sulfonic acid, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, magnesium chloride, magnesium oxide, alkylphenol ethoxylates, lauryl sulfuric acid, magnesium sulfate, polyvinyl alcohol and trisodium phosphate; the preparation method of the flame-retardant adhesive comprises the following steps:
s1, adding sufficient clear water, sulfonic acid accounting for 5.0-9.0% of the weight of the clear water, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate accounting for 5.0-9.0% of the weight of the clear water and polyvinyl alcohol accounting for 4.5-9.5% of the weight of the clear water into a container in a normal temperature environment, and uniformly stirring; heating at constant speed under stirring for at least 2.5h to 90-95 deg.C to obtain polyvinyl alcohol solution, and naturally cooling;
s2, adding sufficient clear water, magnesium oxide accounting for 5-8% of the weight of the clear water, magnesium chloride accounting for 20-25% of the weight of the clear water and magnesium sulfate accounting for 35-45% of the weight of the clear water into another container in a normal temperature environment, and fully stirring until the magnesium oxide, the magnesium sulfate, the magnesium chloride and the clear water are dissolved to prepare a mixed solution of the magnesium oxide, the magnesium sulfate and the clear water for later use;
s3, uniformly stirring the polyvinyl alcohol solution and the mixed solution prepared in the steps S1 and S2 under normal temperature environment to prepare a flame-retardant adhesive base solution;
s4, adding alkylphenol ethoxylates accounting for 25-35% of the weight of the flame-retardant adhesive base liquid, dodecyl sulfuric acid accounting for 6.0-9.0% of the weight of the flame-retardant adhesive base liquid and trisodium phosphate accounting for 0.3-0.5% of the weight of the flame-retardant adhesive base liquid into the obtained flame-retardant adhesive base liquid, stirring and heating, and preserving heat at 35-38 ℃ to obtain the flame-retardant adhesive.
2. The fire retardant industrial hemp straw fiberboard of claim 1, wherein the industrial hemp straw whole straw core crushed material is divided into a particle material and a fibrous crushed material, and the industrial hemp straw fiberboard has a three-layer structure comprising a particle material layer, a fibrous crushed material layer and a particle material layer in sequence.
3. The fire retardant industrial hemp straw fiberboard of claim 2, wherein the particle material accounts for 25-35% of the crushed aggregates by weight and the fibrous crushed aggregates account for 65-75% of the crushed aggregates by weight.
4. The fire retardant industrial hemp straw fiberboard of claim 3, wherein the particle material has a diameter of 0.2mm to 2.5 mm; the fibrous crushed aggregates have a diameter of 2.6mm-3.5mm and a length of 3mm-80 mm.
5. The fire retardant industrial hemp straw fiberboard of claim 4, wherein the granular material and the fibrous crushed material are both humidified and anti-mold treated materials.
6. The fire retardant industrial hemp straw fiberboard of claim 5, wherein the fire retardant industrial hemp straw fiberboard has a thickness of 3mm to 45mm and a density of 700Kg/m3-1100Kg/m3。
7. The method for preparing the fire retardant industrial hemp straw fiberboard of any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
A. preparation of industrial hemp straw granules and fibrous crushed aggregates: rolling and crushing the whole industrial hemp straw with the water content of not more than 12% by using a pair of rolling machines, then inputting the crushed material into a crusher for crushing, and then inputting the crushed material into a separator for screening to respectively prepare the granular material and the fibrous crushed material;
B. humidifying and preventing mould: 1 kg of mould-proof antibacterial agent and 100 kg of clean water are blended into mould-proof humidifying liquid, the prepared granular materials and the fibrous crushed materials are respectively placed on a conveyor belt for mist spraying and humidifying, so that the water content of the granular materials and the fibrous crushed materials reaches 20% -22%, the humidified granular materials and the humidified fibrous crushed materials are respectively sent into a bin of a paving machine by using an air conveying pipeline, and the humidified granular materials and the humidified fibrous crushed materials are enabled to obtain uniform humidity in the process of rapidly rotating blades of the air conveying machine and passing through the pipeline;
C. paving and sizing: according to the weight ratio of the flame-retardant adhesive to the industrial hemp straw crushed aggregates of 25-45%: paving and gluing 55-75% of the raw material to obtain a rough blank of the flame-retardant industrial hemp straw fiberboard;
D. pre-pressing: conveying the rough blank to a multi-roller rolling machine through a flat plate conveyor belt to be rolled at the advancing speed of 3m/s, so that the rough blank is further compressed;
E. cold pressing and pressure locking: feeding the rough blanks subjected to rolling compression into a multi-layer pressure locking device which is arranged in a cold press in advance through a manipulator, wherein one rough blank is arranged on each layer until the rough blanks are full, cold pressing is carried out, the pressure is 1000 tons to 1800 tons, and meanwhile, the multi-layer pressure device is locked, so that the pressure of 1000 tons to 1800 tons is still kept after the multi-layer pressure device is withdrawn from the cold press;
F. curing and solidifying: placing the multilayer pressure device exiting the cold press for 24-48 h at normal temperature, and curing to form a flame-retardant industrial hemp straw fiberboard plate blank;
G. drying and after-finishing: and (3) releasing the pressure of the multilayer pressure device, taking out the plate blank, cutting out burrs, drying until the water content is 8% -12%, and sanding, polishing and trimming to obtain the finished product of the flame-retardant industrial hemp straw fiberboard.
8. The method for preparing fire-retardant industrial hemp straw fiberboard of claim 7, wherein the paving and sizing in the step C specifically comprises the following steps:
c1, first spreading and sizing: uniformly paving the humidified particles on a flat plate conveyor belt through a first mechanical paving head, spraying the flame-retardant adhesive which is kept between 35 and 38 ℃ on the paved particles in a mist form through a first spray head, and repeatedly paving and spraying for three times to finish first paving and gluing, wherein the conveyor belt moves to a second paving position;
c2, second spreading and sizing: uniformly paving the humidified fibrous crushed aggregates on the first paved particles through a second mechanical paving head, then spraying the flame-retardant adhesive on the paved fibrous crushed aggregates in a mist form through a second spray head, and repeatedly paving and spraying for three times to finish second paving and gluing, wherein the conveying belt moves to a third paving position;
and C3, paving and gluing for the third time, wherein the paving and gluing for the first time are the same, so that the flame-retardant industrial hemp straw fiberboard forms a rough blank with a three-layer structure.
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