CN111513167A - Fragrant lipid-lowering health-care instant coffee powder and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Fragrant lipid-lowering health-care instant coffee powder and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23F—COFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
- A23F5/00—Coffee; Coffee substitutes; Preparations thereof
- A23F5/24—Extraction of coffee; Coffee extracts; Making instant coffee
- A23F5/36—Further treatment of dried coffee extract; Preparations produced thereby, e.g. instant coffee
- A23F5/40—Further treatment of dried coffee extract; Preparations produced thereby, e.g. instant coffee using organic additives, e.g. milk, sugar
Abstract
The invention aims to provide aromatic lipid-lowering health-care instant coffee powder which comprises duck oil diglyceride, konjac powder, xylitol and coffee powder; wherein the coffee powder: duck oil diglyceride: konjak flour: the mass ratio range of the xylitol is 1: 0.01-0.05: 0.03 to 0.09: 0.01 to 0.03. The duck oil diglyceride is prepared by mixing duck oil mixed fatty acid and glycerol, adding immobilized lipase for reaction, and separating enzyme from a substrate after the reaction is finished. The coffee powder prepared by the invention is added with xylitol and konjaku flour, so that the brewed coffee has better taste, has the health-care functions of reducing fat, cholesterol and blood sugar, is beneficial to digestion and reduces digestive tract diseases. The two natural auxiliary materials are matched, so that the composition has no irritation and toxic or side effect on intestinal tracts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical development field of functional foods, and particularly relates to a preparation method of aromatic lipid-lowering health-care instant coffee powder.
Background
Obesity, a chronic metabolic disease, has become a global epidemic. In addition to the fast-paced lifestyle, the ingestion of rich and thick foods and the sedentary working pattern are the main causes of increased obesity rates. Obesity can also lead to a number of other complications. Coffee contains a large amount of caffeine, which can increase basal metabolic rate, thereby having effects of reducing fat and losing weight. However, due to taste concerns, most people add large amounts of coffee chaperones when drinking coffee, often with sugar, animal fat or whole milk, and the long-term intake of such high-calorie materials results in a loss of weight loss. Some weight-reducing coffees also contain a certain amount of laxatives, have certain damage to gastrointestinal tracts or cause drug resistance, and can cause certain damage to intestinal tracts when being drunk by people with potential colitis.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the fragrant lipid-lowering health-care instant coffee powder, thereby making up the defects of the existing products and technologies.
The lipid-lowering health-care instant coffee powder comprises the duck oil diglyceride, konjac powder, xylitol and coffee powder;
wherein the coffee powder: duck oil diglyceride: konjak flour: the mass ratio range of the xylitol is 1: 0.01-0.05: 0.03 to 0.09: 0.01 to 0.03; the preferable mass ratio is as follows: 1: 0.0195: 0.0602: 0.016;
the duck oil diglyceride is prepared by mixing duck oil mixed fatty acid and glycerol, adding immobilized lipase for reaction, and separating enzyme from a substrate after the reaction is finished to obtain the duck oil diglyceride;
wherein the mass ratio of the glycerol to the mixed fatty acid is preferably 1:2.02, the constant temperature reaction is 54 ℃, and the reaction time is 9.1 h;
the fat health-care instant coffee powder is prepared by adding the duck fat diglyceride, the konjac powder and the xylitol into the coffee powder, stirring, freeze-drying and crushing.
The invention provides lipid-lowering health-care instant coffee powder, which is prepared by the following specific steps:
1) preparation of the duck oil diglyceride:
mixing the duck oil mixed fatty acid with glycerol, adding immobilized lipase for constant-temperature reaction, and separating enzyme from a substrate by centrifugation after the reaction is finished to obtain duck oil diglyceride;
2) preparing a lipid-lowering health-care instant coffee powder product:
respectively adding the duck oil diglyceride, the konjac powder and the xylitol into the coffee powder, homogenizing and stirring, freeze-drying, and crushing to obtain the lipid-lowering health-care instant coffee powder containing the duck oil diglyceride.
The step 2) is to pre-cool the prepared coffee mixture at-15 to-40 ℃, preferably-20 ℃. Vacuum freeze-drying at-54 deg.C under 10Pa for 48 hr to obtain freeze-dried coffee mixture.
And 2) crushing the freeze-dried coffee mixture material by a 100-mesh crusher to prepare an instant coffee powder product.
The coffee powder prepared by the invention is added with xylitol and konjaku flour, so that the brewed coffee has better taste, has the health-care functions of reducing fat, cholesterol and blood sugar, is beneficial to digestion and reduces digestive tract diseases. The two natural auxiliary materials are matched, so that the composition has no irritation and toxic or side effect on intestinal tracts.
Drawings
FIG. 1: rheological profiles of different greases;
FIG. 2: a graph of the influence of the addition amount of the diglyceride of the duck oil and the addition amount of the xylitol on the dispersibility;
FIG. 3: a graph showing the influence of the addition amount of the diglyceride in the duck oil and the addition amount of the konjac flour on the brewing performance;
FIG. 4: influence graph of lipid-lowering health instant coffee powder on intestinal flora principal component analysis (PCoA);
FIG. 5: the effect of the fat-reducing health-care instant coffee powder on the fatty liver cell morphology of obese rats is shown in the figure.
Detailed Description
The duck oil diglyceride extracted from the duck oil by the enzyme method is safe, efficient, natural, high in stability and good in palatability. The konjak used by the invention contains glucomannan soluble hemicellulose, can absorb moisture, increase the volume of excrement, improve intestinal flora, stimulate intestinal peristalsis and is beneficial to digestion and defecation. In addition, glucomannan contained in the konjak has strong expansibility, can fill the stomach and intestine, eliminates hunger sensation, and can control weight and achieve the purpose of losing weight and building body because the contained heat is very little; the rhizoma Amorphophalli also contains antibiotic-like substance, and can prevent and treat bacterial invasion and prolong product storage time. Xylitol is prepared from corn cob, bagasse, etc. by deep processing. The invention adds the duck oil diglyceride, the konjac powder and the xylitol into the coffee according to a certain mass ratio, and prepares the lipid-lowering health-care instant coffee powder by adopting a homogeneous freeze drying technology, which can not only keep the taste, but also play a health-care role.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
Example 1: determination of rheological Properties of Duck oil diglycerides
(1) Preparation of diglyceride: putting mixed fatty acid of glycerol and duck oil into an erlenmeyer flask according to the ratio of 1: 0.5-3, adding 0.5-3% of immobilized candida antarctica lipase B, then placing the erlenmeyer flask on a shaking table, setting the temperature to be 30-70 ℃, setting the reaction time to be 2-12 h, after the reaction is finished, centrifuging the reaction liquid in a high-speed centrifuge at 4000r/min for 20min, and completely separating the enzyme to obtain a supernatant which is a high-purity diglyceride mixture.
Pouring duck oil, soybean oil, duck oil diglyceride and lard into a beaker, detecting by using a rheometer, wherein the shear rate is as follows: 2.509-100/s, temperature 25 ℃.
As can be seen from the figure 1 of the specification, the shear stress of the duck oil, the soybean oil and the diglyceride of the duck oil is not obviously different, and the shear stress of the lard is obviously increased compared with the shear stress of the duck oil, the soybean oil and the diglyceride of the duck oil, which shows that compared with animal oil, the rheological property of the diglyceride of the duck oil prepared by the duck oil is better, and the rheological property of the diglyceride of the duck oil is not obviously different from that of soybean oil; the good fluidity increases the palatability of the coffee.
Example 2: response surface optimal condition for optimizing proportion of lipid-lowering health-care instant coffee powder
And (4) carrying out response surface design according to a single-factor test result, and applying a Box-Behnken center combination design principle. 3 factors of the addition amount of the monoglyceride, the addition amount of konjak and the addition amount of xylitol were used as independent variables, each of which was represented by A, B, C, and the test was designed by using-1, 0 and 1, which represent the low, medium and high levels of the independent variables, and using dispersibility, impact-adjusting property and hygroscopicity as response values, and the test factor levels were as shown in Table 1, and the results are shown in Table 2.
Table 1: response surface test factor level design sheet
Table 2: response surface test results and analysis Table
(1) Establishment and significance analysis of dispersive regression model
The regression equation is obtained by analysis:
Y1＝47.84+1.35A-0.29B-0.29C-0.35AB-0.44AC+0.30BC+1.78A2+0.75B2+0.74C2
in the formula: y1 represents dispersibility; a represents the added amount of diglyceride; b represents the addition amount of konjak; c represents the xylitol addition (the same table below). The influence of the three-element on the dispersibility of the lipid-lowering health-care instant coffee powder is obtained through a response surface test and is shown in table 3.
Table 3: variance analysis table of dispersion response surface
As can be seen from the observation in Table 3, A2，B2，C2All reach a remarkable or extremely remarkable level, the experimental factors have remarkable influence on the dispersibility of the coffee powder, and the influence is the addition amount of diglyceride in the sequence from large to small>Rhizoma Amorphophalli adding amount>Xylitol is added.
(2) Establishment and significance analysis of washout regression model
Analyzing the result of the washability test to obtain a regression equation:
Y2＝96.98+11.18A+0.55B-10.53C+0.58AB+22.46AC-0.39BC-12.65A2+9.29B2-12.68C2. In the formula: y2 represents the reconstitution property. The influence of the three-element on the dissolvability of the lipid-lowering health-care instant coffee powder is obtained through a response surface test and is shown in table 4.
Table 4: impulse response surface variance analysis table
As can be seen from Table 4, A2，B2，C2All reach a remarkable or extremely remarkable level, the experimental factors have remarkable influence on the coffee brewing performance and the influence relationship is the addition amount of xylitol>Rhizoma Amorphophalli adding amount>The amount of diglyceride added.
(3) Establishment and significance analysis of hygroscopicity regression model
And analyzing through a hygroscopicity test result to obtain a regression equation:
Y3＝1.42-0.034A+0.077B-0.021C-0.023AC+0.043BC+0.093A2+0.18B2+0.074C2. In the formula: y3 represents hygroscopicity. The effect of the three factors on the coffee powder reconstitution properties was obtained by a response surface test, see table 5.
Table 5: hygroscopic response surface ANOVA
As is clear from Table 5, the regression model showed no significant influence on hygroscopicity (P > 0.05) as a whole.
According to experimental analysis, the coffee powder: duck oil diglyceride: konjak flour: the mass ratio of the xylitol is 1: 0.01-0.05: 0.03 to 0.09: 0.01 to 0.03; the optimal mass ratio is 1: 0.0195: 0.0602: 0.016.
example 3: preparation of lipid-lowering health-care instant coffee powder
(1) The lipid-lowering health-care instant coffee is prepared by the following raw materials: 1.5 to 2.5 percent of diglyceride, 3 to 9 percent of konjak powder and 1 to 3 percent of xylitol are respectively added into the mixture and are homogenized and stirred.
(2) Preparing lipid-lowering health-care instant coffee powder: placing the mixture prepared above at-20 deg.C for pre-cooling for 48h, and vacuum freeze-drying under the following conditions: freezing and drying at-54 deg.C under 10Pa for 48 hr, taking out, and grinding to obtain instant coffee powder with blood lipid reducing and health promoting effects.
Example 4: lipid-lowering health-care instant coffee powder property determination index
(1) Measurement of dispersibility
5g of each of the coffee powders prepared in example 3 was weighed by an electronic balance, 5 groups were weighed, and placed in a 100mL beaker, 50mL of 65 ℃ distilled water was added, and stirred on a constant temperature magnetic stirrer at a constant rotational speed, and the time(s) from the start of stirring until no coffee powder in the cup agglomerated was recorded. The 5 sets of experimental data were averaged.
(2) Measurement of reconstitution Property
Weighing about 5g of prepared coffee powder, pouring the coffee powder into a beaker, dissolving the sample by distilled water for several times, transferring the sample into a 50ml centrifuge tube, centrifuging for 10min, and removing the supernatant. Adding distilled water, shaking the centrifuge tube to suspend the precipitate, centrifuging for 10min, discarding supernatant, placing the precipitate in weighing dish with known weight, and oven drying to constant weight. The solubility is calculated as:
solubility 1- (M2-M1)/(M-AM) × 100%
M-sample mass, g
M1-evaporating dish mass, g
M2-evaporating dish mass + insoluble matter mass, g
A-water content of the sample%
(3) Determination of moisture absorption
Sample 5g of the powder was weighed into a desiccator (the relative humidity was kept at about 75%) weighed into saturated saline, and after one week, mass sample m1g of the powder was weighed again. The powder hygroscopicity was calculated as follows:
hygroscopicity (5-m 1)/m 1X 100%
The dispersibility and the reconstitution properties of the instant coffee were measured under the optimum conditions by the response surface analysis, and the dispersibility and the reconstitution properties of the instant coffee were measured by the response surface analysis of example 2, and it was found that the two factors have an interaction, in which AC (i.e., diglyceride x xylitol) has a large influence on the dispersibility, and AB (i.e., diglyceride x konjac flour) has a significant influence on the reconstitution properties. It follows that the coffee powder: duck oil diglyceride: konjak flour: the mass ratio of the xylitol is 1: 0.01-0.05: 0.03 to 0.09: 0.01 to 0.03; the preferable mass ratio is 1: 0.0195: 0.0602: 0.016. the test results are shown in the specification, fig. 2 and fig. 3.
Example 5: health-care function of instant coffee powder on obese rats
Selecting 90 healthy male SD rats with similar body weight and age of 4 weeks and then adaptively feeding for 3 days. The indoor temperature of the test animal room is controlled within the range of 20 +/-2 ℃, the relative humidity is 50-60%, the indoor ventilation is good, and the illumination is 12h (7am-7 pm). During the test period, rats had free access to food and water. The rats were observed for food intake and water intake. The test period was 6 weeks, and body weight was measured once a week. The test is divided into two stages:
(1) and (3) high-fat molding stage: in 1-3 weeks, the rats are randomly divided into 2 groups according to weight, wherein the groups are respectively a control group (I group) and a model group (II), each group of the control group has 3 repetitions, and each repetition has 12 repetitions, and the total number of the repetitions is 36; in order to have a sufficient number of obese model rats in the intervention phase of instant coffee powder, the model groups had 6 replicates per group, 12 replicates each, for a total of 72. The control group was fed basal diet and the model group was fed high fat diet for model obesity modeling.
(2) Intervention stage of instant coffee powder: and 4-6 weeks, after the molding is successful, randomly dividing the model group in the molding stage into two groups: a model group (II) and an instant coffee powder group (III); the control group in the molding stage was directly used as the control group (group I) in the second stage test. Three experimental groups were designed with 5 replicates each of 6 replicates for a total of 90 replicates. The group I was fed with basal diet, the group II and the group III were fed with high-fat diet, and the experimental design is shown in Table 6.
Table 6: test design table
The rat eye socket is subjected to neck removal and death after blood is taken, blood is centrifuged at 4 ℃ and 3000r/min for 15min, supernatant is taken and put into a 1.5mL centrifuge tube, and the content of Triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (TC), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) in the blood is measured according to a kit.
As can be seen from Table 7, TG contents were significantly improved in groups II and III (P < 0.05) as compared with group I; the TG content in group III was significantly reduced compared to group II (P < 0.05). Compared with the group I, the TC and LDL contents of the group II and the group III are obviously improved (P is less than 0.05); compared with the group II, the TC content and the LDL content of the group III are obviously reduced (P is less than 0.05).
Compared with the group I, the HDL content of the group II and the group III is obviously reduced (P is less than 0.05); the HDL content in group III was significantly increased (P < 0.05) compared with group II.
The results show that the instant coffee powder can obviously reduce TC, TG and LDL of obese rats, improve HDL and play a role in reducing fat and losing weight. The dosage of the instant coffee powder is 2mL/kg & BW.
Table 7: influence table of instant coffee powder on fat rat blood fat
The liver tissue section result shows that: the liver cells of the high-fat group (group II) are hypertrophic, the intercellular division is not obvious, and the shape is irregular. Compared with the group II, the group III taking the lipid-lowering health-care instant coffee powder has the advantages that the normal liver cells of rats are obviously increased, and the cellular morphology is basically consistent with that of the normal group I. The intercellular division is obvious, the cell nucleus is positioned in the middle of the cell, and the number of lipid droplets is obviously reduced. The cell morphology was similar to that of the normal group (group I). The lipid-lowering health-care instant coffee powder has a certain repairing effect on fatty liver of obese rats and has a good weight-reducing effect. The influence of the fat-reducing health-care instant coffee powder on the fatty liver cell morphology of the obese rat is shown in an instruction figure 5.
Example 6: effect of instant coffee powder on colitis in rats
Selecting 90 healthy male SD rats with similar body weight and age of 4 weeks and then adaptively feeding for 3 days. The indoor temperature of the test animal room is controlled within the range of 20 +/-2 ℃, the relative humidity is 50-60%, the indoor ventilation is good, and the illumination is 12h (7am-7 pm). During the test period, rats had free access to food and water. The rats were observed for food intake and water intake. The test period was 3 weeks, and the test was divided into two phases:
(1) and (3) enteritis molding stage: the rats are randomly divided into 2 groups according to the weight, wherein the groups are respectively a control group (group I) and a model group (group II), wherein each group of the control group has 3 repetitions, and each repetition has 12 repetitions, and the total number is 36; in order to have a sufficient number of obese model rats in the intervention phase of instant coffee powder, the model groups had 6 replicates per group, 12 replicates each, for a total of 72. The control group was drunk with distilled water, and the model group was drunk with Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) aqueous solution for model enteritis molding.
(2) Intervention stage of instant coffee powder: and 4-6 weeks, after the molding is successful, randomly dividing the model group in the molding stage into two groups: a model group (II) and an instant coffee powder group (III); the control group in the molding stage was directly used as the control group (group I) in the second stage test. Three experimental groups were designed with 5 replicates each of 6 replicates for a total of 90 replicates. The experimental design is shown in Table 8.
Table 8: test design table
At the end of the 3 rd week of the experiment, 3 rats are randomly selected from each group, the abdominal cavity is quickly cut open after the eyeball exsanguinates, the neck is removed and the death occurs, the colon is taken out through aseptic operation, and 2cm is cut out and stored in a refrigerator at the temperature of 80 ℃ below zero for testing. Extraction of total DNA of colonic microorganisms: extraction was performed using MNNucleoSpin 96Soil DNA extraction kit. PCR amplification and bacterial 16S rDNA sequencing analysis:
an upstream primer, 5'-ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCA-3';
downstream primer, 5 '-GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3'.
Establishing a microbial diversity library: PCR and purification of a target region, Solexa PCR, quantification, sample mixing and gel cutting recovery. And clustering the optimized sequences, dividing operation classification units (OTUs), and performing taxonomic analysis on the samples at each classification level based on the OTUs analysis result to obtain the flora structures and the like of the samples.
As can be seen from Table 9, the ratio of Shigella, Prevotella and Allobaculum in group III was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) as compared with group II; compared with the group II, the proportion of Bacteroides in the groups III to VIII is obviously increased (P is less than 0.05). The results show that the coffee powder can obviously reduce the proportion of pathogenic bacteria Shigella, Prevotella and Allobaculum in intestinal tracts of rats with colitis and obviously increase the proportion of beneficial bacteria Bacteroides for promoting carbohydrate decomposition.
TABLE 9 influence of coffee powder on the genus Shigella, Bacteroides, Pradaia and Mycoplasma in colitis rat
As can be seen from FIG. 4 of the specification, the principal component analysis (PCoA) shows that there is a clear difference between the mice in group I and group II, and the principal component in group III is close to that in group I. The results show that the coffee powder can restore the intestinal flora of the rat with colitis to normal health and regulate the unbalance of the intestinal flora. The dosage of the instant coffee powder is 2mL/kg & BW.
The invention adds the duck oil diglyceride, the konjac powder and the xylitol into the coffee to prepare the fragrant lipid-lowering health-care instant coffee powder, thereby not only increasing the taste and the fragrance of the coffee and improving the brewing property, the dispersibility and the like of the coffee, but also increasing the weight-reducing, digestion-promoting and health-care functions of the product, being expected to become a novel lipid-lowering health-care instant coffee powder product and having wide market prospect.
Claims (10)
1. The lipid-lowering health-care instant coffee powder is characterized in that the lipid-lowering health-care instant coffee powder is prepared from the raw materials of duck oil diglyceride, konjac powder, xylitol and coffee powder.
2. The lipid-lowering health-care instant coffee powder according to claim 1, wherein the coffee powder: duck oil diglyceride: konjak flour: the mass ratio of the xylitol is 1: 0.01-0.05: 0.03 to 0.09: 0.01 to 0.03.
3. The fat-reducing health instant coffee powder according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said coffee powder: duck oil diglyceride: konjak flour: the mass ratio of the xylitol is 1: 0.0195: 0.0602: 0.016.
4. the instant coffee powder according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the diglyceride of duck oil is obtained by mixing a fatty acid mixture of duck oil with glycerol, adding immobilized lipase for reaction, and separating the enzyme from a substrate after the reaction is finished.
5. The instant coffee powder for lipid lowering and health promotion according to claim 4, wherein the mass ratio of glycerin to mixed fatty acid is 1: 2.02.
6. The instant coffee powder for lipid lowering and health promotion according to claim 4, wherein the reaction temperature is 54 ℃ and the reaction time is 9.1 h.
7. The instant coffee powder according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the instant coffee powder is prepared by adding diacylglycerol of duck fat, konjac flour and xylitol to coffee powder, stirring, freeze-drying and pulverizing.
8. The instant coffee powder for lowering lipid and promoting health of claim 7, wherein the instant coffee powder for lowering lipid and promoting health is prepared by the following steps:
1) preparation of the duck oil diglyceride:
mixing the duck oil mixed fatty acid with glycerol, adding immobilized lipase for constant-temperature reaction, and separating enzyme from a substrate by centrifugation after the reaction is finished to obtain duck oil diglyceride;
2) preparing a lipid-lowering health-care instant coffee powder product:
respectively adding the duck oil diglyceride, the konjac powder and the xylitol into the coffee powder, homogenizing and stirring, freeze-drying, and crushing to obtain the lipid-lowering health-care instant coffee powder containing the duck oil diglyceride.
9. The instant coffee powder of claim 7, wherein the step 2) is pre-cooling the prepared coffee mixture at-15 to-40 ℃ and vacuum freeze-drying at-54 ℃ and 10 Pa.
10. The instant coffee powder of claim 7, wherein the step 2) is to pulverize the freeze-dried coffee mix material by a 100-mesh pulverizer to obtain the instant coffee powder.
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