CN111509393B - One-dimensional plane periodic leaky-wave antenna based on microstrip line structure - Google Patents
One-dimensional plane periodic leaky-wave antenna based on microstrip line structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN111509393B CN111509393B CN202010381975.9A CN202010381975A CN111509393B CN 111509393 B CN111509393 B CN 111509393B CN 202010381975 A CN202010381975 A CN 202010381975A CN 111509393 B CN111509393 B CN 111509393B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/206—Microstrip transmission line antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/22—Longitudinal slot in boundary wall of waveguide or transmission line
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Abstract
The invention discloses a one-dimensional plane periodic leaky-wave antenna based on a microstrip line structure, which comprises: a dielectric sheet including a first surface of a top layer and a second surface of a bottom layer; the main microstrip line structure is arranged on the first surface of the dielectric slab and comprises a plurality of metal microstrip line periodic units with the same structure which are arranged in parallel in an extending way, namely, the centers of the periodic units are positioned on the same straight line; the second surface of the dielectric plate covers the bottom metal sheet; the antenna has high-efficiency radiation efficiency which can reach more than 90% on a wider frequency band, and also has the effect of restraining the opening stop band of the scanning beam, so that the beam scanning of the antenna can be continuously scanned from back to front. The antenna has the advantages of easy integration of other planar devices, small electrical size, extremely small side lobe of a far-field directional diagram of the antenna, convenient processing, low cost and the like, and has good performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of microwave technology and antennas, and particularly relates to a one-dimensional plane periodic leaky-wave antenna based on a microstrip line structure.
Background
In the last decade, wireless communication has developed at a great speed with the ever increasing demand for portable devices, which require higher transmission data rates. Because the bandwidth required for wireless communications is very crowded, it has become necessary to find techniques to improve spectral efficiency.
The performance of the antenna, which is the frontmost device for signal transmission and reception, directly determines the complexity of the back-end rf circuitry and signal processing. The conventional single-input and single-output communication mode is increasingly difficult to meet the demand for large amounts of information for high-speed transmission in future 5G communication systems. In the 5G mobile communication era, in order to further improve the channel capacity and the data transmission rate, a millimeter wave technology is proposed. However, due to the characteristics of high attenuation and weak diffraction of millimeter waves in a free space, the application of 5G millimeter waves to mobile terminal equipment has great limitation. The beamforming technology provides a feasible solution to this problem. By controlling the signal phase, narrow beam radiation is realized by a directional diagram lobe of the antenna array, the radiation direction can be flexibly controlled, and the data transmission service with accurate directivity is realized. The spatial multiplexing technology has great potential in the application of base station antennas and micro base stations, and can greatly improve the information transmission rate under the condition that the wave beams do not interfere with each other. In the technology for effectively controlling the beam direction angle of the antenna array, the phased array technology is utilized to reasonably modulate the phase and amplitude of a feed port, but the mode is realized by a complex and huge feed network, and the phased array antenna in the form is difficult to realize in a limited space on a terminal.
The leaky-wave antenna has the characteristics of beam scanning, so that the leaky-wave antenna is attracted by attention, does not need any complex feed network, and utilizes a wave guide structure to radiate and propagate simultaneously. A leaky wave antenna is an antenna in which a traveling wave propagating on a wave guide structure radiates an electromagnetic wave in a specific propagation manner. Due to its frequency-based beam steering capability, leaky-wave antennas can be used as space-time transformers, where the time-frequency domain is converted to the spatial domain. The antenna with the function has potential application in radar, microwave imaging, spectrogram analysis and communication.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a planar leaky-wave antenna based on a microstrip line structure with a wide scanning range, which mainly aims at the problems that the conventional leaky-wave antenna for beam scanning is low in beam radiation efficiency and has an open stop band in the scanning process. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a one-dimensional plane periodic leaky-wave antenna based on a microstrip line structure comprises:
the dielectric substrate comprises a first surface of a top layer of the dielectric plate and a second surface of a bottom layer of the dielectric plate;
the surface metal microstrip line is arranged on the first surface of the dielectric slab and comprises a plurality of metal microstrip line periodic units with the same structure which are arranged in parallel in an extending way, namely, the centers of the periodic units are positioned on the same straight line; comprises that
The metal layer of the bottom layer, namely the second surface, covered on the lower surface of the dielectric plate is the same in shape as the dielectric plate of the unit, the size and the dimension of the microstrip line are the same as those of the metal layer of the bottom plate, the microstrip line of the top layer is in a good middle form, is vertical to the direction of the guided wave of the antenna and is parallel to the direction of the guided wave of the antenna, the microstrip lines of the two forms are arranged in a crossed mode and are in mutual contact, and the unit structure is symmetrical about the center of the unit and is vertical to the direction of the guided wave of the antenna. Rectangular metal patches are arranged on two sides of the top microstrip line perpendicular to the direction of guided waves of the antenna, and the purpose of the rectangular metal patches is to improve the impedance matching of the antenna and improve the radiation efficiency of the antenna.
The one-dimensional plane periodic leaky-wave antenna based on the microstrip line structure is manufactured by adopting the periodic unit, continuous scanning of a main beam of the planar one-dimensional leaky-wave antenna from back to front can be realized, the microstrip line antenna has a large beam scanning range, the basic mode of the antenna is slow wave, the slow wave cannot radiate, but the periodic unit can excite higher spatial harmonics to form fast wave, so that the antenna can radiate energy, the design structure of the antenna is simple, the antenna based on the microstrip line structure is high in radiation efficiency, and the radiation efficiency of the antenna in the working frequency band can reach more than 90%.
The periodic unit comprises a metal microstrip line on the first surface of the top layer of the dielectric slab, the dielectric slab and a metal layer on the second surface of the bottom layer of the dielectric slab.
In one embodiment, the periodic unit of the antenna includes a metal microstrip line with a regular top layer, the metal microstrip line structure is symmetrical about a center of the periodic unit perpendicular to a guided wave direction of the antenna, and the arrangement of the units extends in the same direction, and the centers of the units are located on the same straight line.
In one embodiment, the top metal microstrip line structure of the periodic unit is formed by regularly and rectangularly splicing, and the center of the upper surface of the unit is formed by tightly connecting two parallel microstrips perpendicular to the direction of the antenna guided wave, so that the energy at the port can be better transmitted to the next unit.
In one embodiment, the top metal microstrip line structure of the periodic unit has a direction perpendicular to the direction of the guided wave of the antenna, and two regular rectangular metal patches of two specifications are distributed on two sides of the main microstrip line, and the metal patches are arranged to improve the impedance matching of the antenna, reduce the reflection coefficient of the antenna, and improve the transmission efficiency.
In one embodiment, the feed structure of the antenna is a metal microstrip line structure, the impedance of the microstrip line of the port impedance is set to 50 ohms, the port impedance matching of the antenna is well performed, the microstrip line of the port of the feed part is a rectangular metal patch, and a transition trapezoid metal patch is arranged next to the rectangular patch, so as to improve the impedance matching of the antenna.
In one embodiment, the dielectric plate of the whole antenna is a regular rectangle, and the bottom layer of the antenna, i.e. the second plane of the dielectric plate, is a regular rectangular metal layer, and the size of the metal layer is completely consistent with the size of the dielectric plate.
In one example of the implementation, the antenna is symmetrical about a center along a direction perpendicular to the antenna traveling wave, and two metal microstrip lines perpendicular to the antenna traveling wave at the center of the unit are in contact.
Drawings
FIG. 1a is a schematic top layer structure of a one-dimensional planar periodic leaky-wave antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 1b is a schematic top layer structure of the one-dimensional planar periodic leaky-wave antenna of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the feeding portion of the one-dimensional planar periodic leaky-wave antenna of the invention and the antenna periodic unit;
FIG. 3 is a simulated S parameter result of a one-dimensional planar periodic leaky-wave antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the simulated radiation efficiency results of the one-dimensional planar periodic leaky-wave antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a far field pattern resulting from a simulation of a one-dimensional planar periodic leaky-wave antenna of the present invention;
reference numbers in fig. 1: 1. a dielectric plate; 2. a rectangular metal patch; 3. a main microstrip line structure; 4. a rectangular metal patch; 5. a bottom foil; 6. a trapezoidal transition metal patch; 7. a port metal patch; 8. a first microstrip line; 9. a second microstrip line; 10. a fourth microstrip line; 11. a third microstrip line.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1a and 1b, the one-dimensional planar periodic leaky-wave antenna of the invention includes a bottom metal sheet 5, a dielectric plate 1 located in a middle layer, a main microstrip line structure 3 on the dielectric plate 1, and a rectangular metal patch 2 and a rectangular metal patch 4 on the main microstrip line structure 3, where the rectangular metal patch 2 and the rectangular metal patch 4 are arranged to improve the impedance matching problem of the antenna, and the main microstrip line structure 3 has an antenna periodic unit and a feed unit.
As shown in fig. 2, the main microstrip line structure 3 includes a rectangular metal patch 7, a trapezoidal transition metal patch 6, a first microstrip line segment 8, a second microstrip line segment 9, a fourth microstrip line segment 10, and a third microstrip line segment 11 of the antenna period unit. The rectangular metal patch 7 of the port is used for connecting the SMA connector and is connected with an external signal source, and the trapezoidal transition metal patch 6 of the feed unit is used for improving the impedance matching problem of the antenna on a wide frequency band; the first section of microstrip line 8 of the antenna period unit is parallel to the guided wave direction of the antenna, the second section of microstrip line 9 of the antenna period unit is vertical to the guided wave direction of the antenna and is connected with the tail end of the first section of microstrip line 8 of the period unit, the third section of microstrip line 11 of the antenna period unit is parallel to the guided wave direction of the antenna and is connected with the tail end of the second section of microstrip line 9 of the period unit, the fourth section of microstrip line 10 of the antenna period unit is vertical to the guided wave direction of the antenna and is connected with the tail end of the third section of microstrip line 11 of the period unit, the four sections of microstrip lines in the period unit are connected end to end and are symmetrical about the center of the period unit and are vertical to the guided wave direction of the antenna, and the fourth section of microstrip line 10 is connected with the fourth section of microstrip line 10 formed by adjacent period symmetries.
The microwave resonator design of the invention is carried out in the environment of three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software CST; the high-frequency plate F4B _2.65 selected from the middle-layer dielectric plate has the dielectric constant of 2.65, the thickness of 1mm and the dielectric loss of 0.009.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the results of S parameters obtained by simulation of the one-dimensional planar periodic leaky-wave antenna of the present invention, and the simulation results show that the reflection coefficient of the antenna in the operating frequency band is lower than-10 dB, which shows good transmission performance, although a small section of reflection coefficient is not good, the reflection coefficient is acceptable, and the overall performance of the antenna is not affected.
Fig. 4 shows the simulated radiation efficiency of the one-dimensional planar periodic leaky-wave antenna of the present invention, and the results show that the antenna shows better radiation efficiency within the operating frequency band, which can reach more than 90%.
As shown in fig. 5, the far-field pattern of the one-dimensional plane periodic leaky-wave antenna has a corresponding change in the beam of the antenna with a change in frequency, specifically, the beam scanning angle of the antenna gradually scans from back to front with an increase in frequency, and in addition, the side lobe of the antenna beam is small, the radiated energy is mainly concentrated on the main lobe, and a good beam scanning performance is exhibited.
The invention has been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is obvious that the invention is not limited to the specific implementation in the above-described manner, and it is within the scope of the invention to apply the inventive concept and solution to other applications without substantial modification, or with substantial modification.
Claims (5)
1. A one-dimensional plane periodic leaky-wave antenna based on a microstrip line structure comprises:
a dielectric sheet (1) including a first surface of a top layer and a second surface of a bottom layer;
the main microstrip line structure (3) is arranged on the first surface of the dielectric slab and comprises a plurality of metal microstrip line periodic units with the same structure which are arranged in parallel in an extending way, namely, the centers of the periodic units are positioned on the same straight line;
the second surface of the dielectric plate (1) covers the bottom metal sheet (5);
the method is characterized in that: the metal microstrip line periodic unit comprises a port rectangular metal patch (7), a trapezoid transition metal patch (6), a first microstrip line (8), a second microstrip line (9), a fourth microstrip line (10) and a third microstrip line (11), wherein the port rectangular metal patch (7) is used for being connected with an SMA connector and connected with an external signal source, the first microstrip line (8) of the antenna periodic unit is parallel to the guided wave direction of the antenna, the second microstrip line (9) of the antenna periodic unit is vertical to the guided wave direction of the antenna and connected with the tail end of the first microstrip line (8) of the periodic unit, the third microstrip line (11) of the antenna periodic unit is parallel to the guided wave direction of the antenna and connected with the tail end of the second microstrip line (9) of the periodic unit, and the fourth microstrip line (10) of the antenna periodic unit is vertical to the guided wave direction of the antenna, and the tail end of the third section of microstrip line (11) of the periodic unit is connected, the four sections of microstrip lines in the periodic unit are connected end to end and are symmetrical about the center of the periodic unit vertical to the direction of guided wave of the antenna, and the fourth section of microstrip line (10) is connected with the fourth section of microstrip line (10) formed by adjacent periodic symmetries.
2. The one-dimensional planar periodic leaky-wave antenna based on a microstrip line structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the metal microstrip line periodic unit is symmetrical about the center of the periodic unit vertical to the direction of the antenna guided wave, the periodic units are arranged to extend in the same direction, and the centers of the periodic units are positioned on the same straight line.
3. The one-dimensional planar periodic leaky-wave antenna based on a microstrip line structure as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein:
rectangular metal patches with two specifications are distributed on two sides of the main microstrip line structure (3).
4. The one-dimensional planar periodic leaky-wave antenna based on a microstrip line structure as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the port rectangular metal patch (7) and the trapezoid transition metal patch (6) are connected to form a port microstrip line.
5. The one-dimensional planar periodic leaky-wave antenna based on a microstrip line structure as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein:
the dielectric plate (1) is regular rectangle, and the size of the bottom layer metal sheet (5) is consistent with that of the dielectric plate.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010381975.9A CN111509393B (en) | 2020-05-08 | 2020-05-08 | One-dimensional plane periodic leaky-wave antenna based on microstrip line structure |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010381975.9A CN111509393B (en) | 2020-05-08 | 2020-05-08 | One-dimensional plane periodic leaky-wave antenna based on microstrip line structure |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN111509393A CN111509393A (en) | 2020-08-07 |
| CN111509393B true CN111509393B (en) | 2022-04-01 |
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| CN112467390B (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-08-31 | 厦门大学 | Slotted nested leaky-wave antenna array with left-right hand transmission line and via hole composite regulation |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101938040A (en) * | 2010-07-27 | 2011-01-05 | 东南大学 | Wide-angle range scanning periodical leaky-wave antenna |
| CN109286066A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2019-01-29 | 南京邮电大学 | A kind of leaky-wave antenna of Stepped Impedance composite left-and-right-hand structure |
| CN109659678A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-04-19 | 佛山市顺德区中山大学研究院 | A kind of periodicity microband leaky-wave antenna |
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2020
- 2020-05-08 CN CN202010381975.9A patent/CN111509393B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101938040A (en) * | 2010-07-27 | 2011-01-05 | 东南大学 | Wide-angle range scanning periodical leaky-wave antenna |
| CN109286066A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2019-01-29 | 南京邮电大学 | A kind of leaky-wave antenna of Stepped Impedance composite left-and-right-hand structure |
| CN109659678A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-04-19 | 佛山市顺德区中山大学研究院 | A kind of periodicity microband leaky-wave antenna |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| "Circular-Polarized Substrate-Integrated-Waveguide";Shu-Lin Chen.etc;《IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION》;20190703;第67卷(第7期);全文 * |
| "基于SRRs的多频段LOOP天线";刘洋，徐魁文等;《2017年全国微波毫米波会议》;20170508;全文 * |
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