CN111509195A - Surface modification method for metal lithium cathode in all-solid-state lithium battery - Google Patents
Surface modification method for metal lithium cathode in all-solid-state lithium battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN111509195A CN111509195A CN202010377349.2A CN202010377349A CN111509195A CN 111509195 A CN111509195 A CN 111509195A CN 202010377349 A CN202010377349 A CN 202010377349A CN 111509195 A CN111509195 A CN 111509195A
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
The invention discloses a surface modification method of a lithium metal cathode in an all-solid-state lithium battery. The method comprises the following steps: coating the polyethylene dioxythiophene-polyethylene glycol copolymer solution on the surface of a metal lithium substrate under the protection of inert atmosphere, and drying to form a uniform and compact polyethylene dioxythiophene-polyethylene glycol copolymer modified layer to finish the surface modification of the metal lithium cathode, wherein the mass percentage of the polyethylene dioxythiophene-polyethylene glycol copolymer in the polyethylene dioxythiophene-polyethylene glycol copolymer solution is 0.1-20%. Through surface modification, the obtained polyethylene dioxythiophene-polyethylene glycol copolymer modified layer can modify the surface unevenness of the lithium metal cathode, effectively inhibit the nucleation growth of lithium dendrites, reduce the interface impedance between a solid electrolyte and the cathode in the all-solid-state lithium battery, improve the cycle performance of the all-solid-state lithium battery and prolong the service life of the all-solid-state lithium battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of all-solid-state lithium batteries, and particularly relates to a surface modification method for a metal lithium cathode in an all-solid-state lithium battery.
Background
With the continuous development of new energy technology, energy storage technology has become a research hotspot in the field of new energy. Electrochemical energy storage technology, as a key energy storage technology, is crucial to cope with the increasingly worsening energy crisis, the increasing energy demand and the increasingly prominent environmental problems. Energy density, a major feature of batteries, has driven the development of electrochemical energy storage technology over the past few decades. Lithium ion batteries have high energy density, high operating voltage, long cycle life, low self-discharge rate, and no memory effect, and thus are advantageous in portable electronic devices, transportation, and stationary storage applications over other types of batteries.
Lithium ion batteries have met with considerable success in the last decades of development, but with an energy density (theoretical value ≈ 390Wh kg)-1) Have failed to meet the ever-increasing energy storage needs. Increasing the specific capacity of the anode and the cathode and improving the working voltage of the battery are the most feasible methods for improving the energy density of the lithium ion battery. The lithium metal has extremely high theoretical specific capacity (3860 mAhg)-1) And the lowest electrochemical potential (-3.04V vs. standard hydrogen electrode), is considered one of the most promising anode materials. However, when the lithium metal is applied to the lithium ion battery, the development of the lithium ion battery is hindered by the problems of interface reaction which is difficult to control, lithium dendrite growth, huge volume effect and the like. Meanwhile, the application of the organic electrolyte which is inflammable, easy to corrode and easy to leak also enables the lithium ion battery to have potential safety hazards.
In recent years, all solid State lithium batteries formed with solid electrolytes replacing organic electrolytes have received much attention because of their higher safety and higher energy density, solid electrolytes with high Young's modulus are also believed to fundamentally solve the problem of lithium dendrite growth, however, many studies have shown that both polymeric and inorganic solid electrolytes are difficult to completely inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites, Chazalviel et al observed two different mechanisms of lithium dendrite growth in PEO/L iTFSI polymer electrolytes, that at high current densities dendritic crystals start to grow when the ion concentration drops to zero at the negative electrode, whereas at low current densities local inhomogeneities play a major role (Brissot C, Rosso M, Chazalviel J N, journal of power sources,1999,81: 929.). Sudo et al also observed a "symmetric grain boundary phenomenon" in L i/L i batteries and thus cause a reduction in the internal lithium ion growth rate and lithium ion degradation during the cycle growth cycle, which leads to the degradation of lithium dendrite growth in the internal lithium ion growth cycle, thus leading to a reduction in the internal lithium ion degradation of lithium ion growth rate in the battery L i/L i battery, the lithium ion cycle, the degradation of lithium ion cycle, the internal degradation of the lithium ion cycle, 36151. sub.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a surface modification method of a metal lithium cathode in an all-solid-state lithium battery, wherein the obtained modification layer can modify microscopic unevenness of the surface of the metal lithium cathode, help to realize uniform deposition of lithium, effectively inhibit nucleation growth of lithium dendrites, reduce interface impedance between a solid electrolyte and the cathode in the all-solid-state lithium battery, and improve cycle performance and service life of the all-solid-state lithium battery.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the surface modification method of the metallic lithium cathode in the all-solid-state lithium battery comprises the following specific steps:
coating a polyethylene dioxythiophene-polyethylene glycol copolymer (PEDOT-PEG) solution on the surface of a metal lithium substrate under the protection of an inert atmosphere, and drying to form a uniform and compact PEDOT-PEG modified layer to finish the surface modification of the metal lithium cathode, wherein the PEDOT-PEG solution contains 0.1-20% of PEDOT-PEG by mass.
According to the scheme, the PEDOT-PEG solution contains 0.5-5% of PEDOT-PEG by mass.
According to the scheme, the inert atmosphere is a gas which does not react with the lithium metal, and preferably argon, nitrogen or helium.
According to the scheme, the coating mode is dipping, spraying or spin coating; the drying conditions are as follows: drying for 2-72 hours at 10-100 ℃ under the protection of inert atmosphere or vacuum environment.
According to the scheme, the solvent in the PEDOT-PEG solution is a polar aprotic solvent, and is preferably nitromethane, dimethylformamide or dimethyl sulfoxide.
According to the scheme, the thickness of the modified layer is 0.01-5 μm, and preferably 0.2-2 μm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention provides a surface modification method of a metal lithium cathode in an all-solid-state lithium battery, wherein an obtained PEDOT-PEG modified layer is a stable interface layer with good ionic and electronic conductivity, and can modify microscopic unevenness of the surface of metal lithium and homogenize electric field distribution on the surface of the metal lithium, so that uniform deposition of lithium is realized, nucleation growth of lithium dendrites is inhibited, sufficient flexibility can be provided to reduce volume change in the lithium electroplating/stripping process, and the problems of polarization increase, capacity attenuation and the like in the battery circulation process caused by the volume effect are effectively improved; the interface impedance between the solid electrolyte and the negative electrode in the all-solid-state lithium battery can be reduced, the nucleation growth of lithium dendrites is effectively inhibited, the cycle performance of the all-solid-state lithium battery is improved, and the service life of the all-solid-state lithium battery is prolonged.
2. According to the invention, the PEDOT-PEG solution is directly coated on the surface of the metal lithium cathode in the all-solid-state lithium battery, and the surface modification of the metal lithium cathode is completed after drying, so that the process is simple and easy to regulate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a surface-modified lithium metal anode according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a surface microstructure of an unmodified lithium metal negative electrode and a surface-modified lithium metal negative electrode in example 1.
FIG. 3 is a charge-discharge cycle test chart of an all-solid-state lithium battery with an unmodified surface of a lithium metal negative electrode;
fig. 4 is a charge-discharge cycle test chart of the all solid-state lithium battery to which the surface-modified metallic lithium negative electrode in example 1 of the present invention is applied.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art fully understand the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the following embodiments are further described.
Example 1
A surface modification method for a metal lithium cathode in an all-solid-state lithium battery comprises the following specific steps:
in a glove box (H) filled with argon2O<0.1ppm,O2<0.1ppm), 1% by mass of polyethylene dioxythiophene-polyethylene glycol copolymer (PEDOT-PEG) solution (solvent is nitromethane) is spin-coated on the surface of brand new metal lithium, and the new metal lithium is dried in a glove box at normal temperature for 12 hours and then dried in a vacuum environment at 60 ℃ for 24 hours to completely remove the solvent. And (4) obtaining a PEDOT-PEG surface modification layer after drying, wherein the thickness is about 0.4 micrometer, and finishing the surface modification of the lithium metal cathode.
The surface-modified lithium metal negative electrode prepared in the example, a lithium iron phosphate positive electrode and a PEO-based solid electrolyte (PEO-L iTFSI-7.5% LL ZO) were assembled into an all-solid lithium battery, and a charge-discharge cycle test was performed.
FIG. 2 is a surface microstructure of an unmodified lithium metal anode and a modified lithium metal anode of this example; the figure shows that: the modified layer can completely cover the surface of the negative electrode, and the microscopic unevenness of the surface of the metal lithium is well modified, so that the uniform deposition of lithium in the charging and discharging process is facilitated, and the nucleation growth of lithium dendrites is inhibited.
Fig. 3 is a charge-discharge cycle test chart of an unmodified metallic lithium negative electrode applied to an all-solid-state lithium battery, and fig. 4 is a charge-discharge cycle test chart of a metallic lithium negative electrode with a modified surface applied to an all-solid-state lithium battery in example 1; as can be seen from comparison between fig. 3 and fig. 4, when the modified lithium metal negative electrode is applied to an all-solid-state lithium battery, the problem of capacity fading during the charge and discharge cycle of the battery can be effectively improved, and the capacity retention rate is increased from 82.2% to 97% after 100 cycles at a 1C rate.
Example 2
A surface modification method for a metal lithium cathode in an all-solid-state lithium battery comprises the following specific steps:
in a nitrogen-filled glove box (H)2O<0.1ppm,O2<0.1ppm), a solution of PEDOT-PEG (solvent is dimethylsulfoxide) with a mass fraction of 5% was sprayed onto the surface of the new lithium metal and dried at 80 ℃ for 18 hours in a vacuum environment to completely remove the solvent. And (4) obtaining a PEDOT-PEG surface modification layer after drying, wherein the thickness is about 1 micron, and thus finishing the surface modification of the lithium metal cathode.
The surface-modified lithium metal negative electrode, the lithium cobaltate positive electrode and the PEO-based solid electrolyte obtained in the example were assembled into an all-solid lithium battery.
Example 3
A surface modification method for a metal lithium cathode in an all-solid-state lithium battery comprises the following specific steps:
in a helium filled glove box (H)2O<0.1ppm,O2<0.1ppm), a 10% PEDOT-PEG solution (solvent is dimethylformamide) is coated on the surface of the brand-new lithium metal by an immersion method, and the lithium metal is dried for 60 hours at 90 ℃ in a helium atmosphere to completely remove the solvent. And (4) obtaining a PEDOT-PEG surface modification layer after drying, wherein the thickness is about 2.5 microns, and finishing the surface modification of the lithium metal cathode.
The surface-modified lithium metal negative electrode, the lithium iron phosphate positive electrode and the PEO-based solid electrolyte obtained in the example are assembled into an all-solid-state lithium battery.
It is apparent that the above embodiments are only examples for clearly illustrating and do not limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications are therefore intended to be included within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (8)
1. A surface modification method for a metal lithium cathode in an all-solid-state lithium battery is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
coating the polyethylene dioxythiophene-polyethylene glycol copolymer solution on the surface of a metal lithium substrate under the protection of inert atmosphere, and drying to form a uniform and compact polyethylene dioxythiophene-polyethylene glycol copolymer modified layer to finish the surface modification of the metal lithium cathode, wherein the mass percentage of the polyethylene dioxythiophene-polyethylene glycol copolymer in the polyethylene dioxythiophene-polyethylene glycol copolymer solution is 0.1-20%.
2. The surface modification method according to claim 1, wherein the mass percentage of the polyethylene dioxythiophene-polyethylene glycol copolymer in the polyethylene dioxythiophene-polyethylene glycol copolymer solution is 0.5-5%.
3. The surface modification method according to claim 1, wherein the inert atmosphere is a gas that does not react with metallic lithium.
4. The surface modification method according to claim 1, wherein the coating manner is dipping, spraying or spin coating; the drying conditions are as follows: drying for 2-72 hours at 10-100 ℃ under the protection of inert atmosphere or vacuum environment.
5. The surface modification method according to claim 1, wherein the solvent in the polyethylene dioxythiophene-polyethylene glycol copolymer solution is a polar aprotic solvent.
6. The surface modification method according to claim 5, wherein the polar aprotic solvent is nitromethane, dimethylformamide or dimethylsulfoxide.
7. The surface modification method according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the modified layer is 0.01 to 5 μm.
8. The surface modification method according to claim 7, wherein the thickness of the modified layer is 0.2 to 2 μm.
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CN114927695A (en) * | 2022-06-09 | 2022-08-19 | 中电科能源有限公司 | Surface modification material of lithium metal and processing method |
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