CN111506016B - CAM processing method based on G68.2 plane processing in numerical control system - Google Patents
CAM processing method based on G68.2 plane processing in numerical control system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111506016B CN111506016B CN202010270785.XA CN202010270785A CN111506016B CN 111506016 B CN111506016 B CN 111506016B CN 202010270785 A CN202010270785 A CN 202010270785A CN 111506016 B CN111506016 B CN 111506016B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/4097—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by using design data to control NC machines, e.g. CAD/CAM
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/32—Operator till task planning
- G05B2219/32153—Exchange data between user, cad, caq, nc, capp
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Abstract
The invention discloses a CAM processing method based on G68.2 plane processing in a numerical control system, wherein a processing graph is recorded into the numerical control system in the form of point data of line segments and circular arcs forming the processing graph, and plane processing is carried out after the processing through the CAM based on G68.2 in the numerical control system, so that the method has strong flexibility, low requirement on an operator and only needs plane geometric knowledge; the system can be compatible with a 3+ N multi-axis system, such as equipment with double swing heads, swing heads and rotary tables, single swing heads, single rotary tables and the like; the method has rich selectivity, and both the groove milling and the edge milling can be switched and selected; the plane pattern can be rotated according to the plane of G68.2 to adapt to plane processing of different angles.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of CAM processing methods of numerical control systems, in particular to a CAM processing method based on G68.2 plane processing in a numerical control system.
Background
The numerical control system machining center is generally operated by traditional G codes, most systems only provide online compiling interfaces, and manually input operating instruction codes according to manual calculation, so that the requirements on operators are high, and errors are easy to occur; certainly, there are machining codes generated by a third-party CAM, but post-processing is needed, and then a professional third-party CAM engineer is needed to process the machining codes, so that the cost is high; a few systems will also provide a fixed few shape programming modules, but the processing requirements are variable and cannot meet the market requirements at all. Aiming at the market demands, a few systems provide a plurality of packaged common patterns, such as chamfers, trapezoids, isosceles triangles, oval slots, round holes, square slots and the like, elements provide interfaces, and the packaged elements are input with processing parameters such as position, size, speed, direction, step distance and the like to generate corresponding processing codes, but a small number of the packaged elements cannot meet the diversified duration of the market, various processing patterns are possibly required, the requirements of each client for the special processing patterns are different, if the targeted development period is long, the specific development period is large, the market requirements cannot be met forever, the long-time development period can also influence the experience and production period of the client, and if the G codes are written manually, the requirements on the space and knowledge planes of the client are high, and mistakes are easy to occur. However, it is known from geometric knowledge that all plane figure configurations are composed of line segments and arcs, and the elements of the process straight line or arc are to give corresponding points, two points are straight lines, three points calculate the arc or two points plus radius calculate the arc, so based on the above knowledge, the corresponding figure can be constructed as long as the corresponding points and the pointed points are given, and the points are connected by a linked list, and a plurality of points can be added to form the required figure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art, and provides a CAM processing method based on G68.2 plane processing in a numerical control system, which adopts the following technical scheme in order to realize the aim: a CAM processing method based on G68.2 plane processing in a numerical control system comprises the following steps:
s1, data receiving and storing:
the system obtains data in a man-machine interaction mode and stores the data, wherein the data comprises basic data and point data, the basic data refers to processing parameters of the system and is the basis of data of subsequent processing points, and the point data refers to point parameters forming arcs or straight lines and is divided into straight line point data of a straight line type and arc point data of an arc type; the arc point data is divided into arc point data of a forward pointer arc type and arc point data of a reverse pointer arc type; the point parameters comprise point coordinates, point types and point information, the point information refers to arc information corresponding to arc point data, and the arc information comprises radius IJk, point coordinates, superior and inferior arcs, arc forming types and circle centers;
s2, classification and conversion of data:
performing classification calculation processing on the acquired data, wherein the processing mode firstly judges the type of points, if the data is linear point data, whether G68.2 conversion is needed is judged according to the angle of a rotating shaft in basic data, if the angle of the rotating shaft is not zero, G68.2 conversion is needed, and if the data is circular arc point data, circular arc point data conversion is performed through G68.2 conversion to acquire the circle center position, the radius size and the IJK value corresponding to the circular arc point data;
s3 deviation of the cutter path:
and obtaining an initial tool path track according to the point data in the S2, and performing tool radius offset on the initial tool path track, wherein the offset comprises a center offset, a left offset and a right offset, the center offset is the initial tool path track, the left offset is the offset of the initial tool path track which is entirely offset by one tool radius to the left, and the right offset is the offset of the initial tool path track which is entirely offset by one tool radius to the right.
S4, cutting and milling type processing:
obtaining the outline of an initial processing area according to S3, and selecting the type of cutting and milling for the outline, wherein if the outline is a closed graph, the type of cutting and milling is area milling and outline milling, the area milling is to cut and mill all areas in the closed graph, and the outline milling is to cut and mill the outline of the closed graph by a cutter;
and S5, generating a code, namely generating a processing file in a standard G code format, wherein the suffix is in an nc format.
Preferably, in step S1, the point data is stored in a linked list structure, and a linked list has a plurality of connected data blocks, where the data blocks include the point parameters and the direction of the linked list, so as to add, insert, and delete the data blocks conveniently.
Preferably, the point data conversion in step S2 includes the following steps:
s21, carrying out G68.2 transformation on the arc point data, namely rotating the rotation axis angle given by the arc point data by a corresponding angle according to the sequence of a Z axis, an X axis and a Z axis to obtain a new coordinate point, determining the position of a tool nose running plane by the X axis and the Y axis after the transformation, and determining the depth of the tool nose direction by the Z axis;
s22, calculating the circle center coordinate and radius corresponding to the arc point data by three-point calculation arc or two-point arc forming; the processing of calculating the circular arc by three points or forming the circular arc by two points is as follows:
calculating the circular arc by three points: assuming that the transformed points of G68.2 are respectively the starting point (x1, y1), the middle point (x2, y2), the end point (x3, y3), the radius is r, and the center of the circle is (x0, y0), according to the relation between the point on the circle, the center of the circle and the radius (the distance from the point on the circle to the center of the circle is equal to the radius), then the following mathematical formula can be obtained:
(x1-x0)2+(y1-y0)2＝r2
(x2-x0)2+(y2-y0)2＝r2
(x3-x0)2+(y3-y0)2＝r2
the required circle center and radius can be solved by solving the equations by the three equations, redundant values are eliminated through the obtained known conditions, and unique data are reserved.
Two points form an arc: if two points and the radius are selected as conditions to calculate the circular arc, assuming that the starting point (x1, y1) and the end point (x2, y2) obtained after G68.2 conversion are input with the radius r, assuming that the center of a circle is (x0, y0), the center of the circle can be calculated by a mathematical formula, then the center of the circle is also excluded according to the major arc and the minor arc, and the rest is the center of the circle;
(x1-x0)2+(y1-y0)2＝r2
(x2-x0)2+(y2-y0)2＝r2
(x3-x0)2+(y3-y0)2＝r2
s23: calculating IJK:
from the circle centers (x0, y0) obtained above and the starting points (x1, y1), the corresponding IJK can be obtained, and the formula is (circle center-starting point ═ IJK), which is as follows:
I＝x0-x1；J＝y0-y1；K＝0
preferably, the offset amount in step S3 is a radius of () and is obtained by using the vector offset and the vector intersection point, and the unit vector of the direction is obtained from two points (the starting point x0, y 0; the end point x1, y 1):
length of vector
Unit vector Vert (x, y) ═ ((x1-x0)/L, (y1-y 0)/L);
the angle a is ± 90, and the vector VF (x, y) in the offset direction is (Vert _ x cosa-Vert _ y sina, Vert _ x sina + Vert _ y cossa);
assuming an initial point (Xs, Ys) and an offset point (Xe, Ye), then:
Xe＝Xs+Xs*VF_x，Ye＝Ys+Ys*VF_y；
the line after the deviation is calculated by using a calculation method of a straight line arc intersection point, a straight line intersection point and an arc intersection point.
Preferably, the tool needs to recalculate the tool path before performing the area milling, and the steps are as follows:
s31, scattering arcs existing in the track into small line segments, calculating the corresponding angle of the small line segments through a given arch height error, and firstly calculating the angle corresponding to the arcs;
s32, calculating the angle perangle corresponding to each small line segment according to the radius of the bow height error;
s33, the total number of line segments which can be divided by the circular arc is angle/angle;
s34, calculating a second point of the small line segment by using a new mathematical principle after the perangle and the starting point rotate around the circle center by a certain angle;
s35, combining all the points into a polygon with multiple N edges;
s36, when in cutting and milling, firstly cutting and milling the outermost layer track of the outline, and then starting to perform oblique cutting and milling from one track;
s37, determining the milling amount of each time according to the input step pitch, and then calculating downward moving inclined tracks by using vector translation;
preferably, the step S3 further includes displaying the shifted initial tool path trajectory on a screen for most direct visual feedback to the user after the user inputs data.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method includes the steps that a processing graph is recorded into a numerical control system in a point data mode of line segments and arcs forming the processing graph, and plane processing is carried out after CAM processing based on G68.2 in the numerical control system, so that the method is high in flexibility, low in requirement on an operator and capable of having plane geometric knowledge; the system can be compatible with a 3+ N multi-axis system, such as equipment with double swing heads, swing heads and rotary tables, single swing heads, single rotary tables and the like; the method has rich selectivity, and both the groove milling and the edge milling can be switched and selected; the plane pattern can be rotated according to the plane of G68.2 to adapt to plane processing of different angles.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a CAM processing method based on G68.2 plane processing in a numerical control system according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the linked list structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating the effect of the tool path shift in step S3 according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is an interface diagram corresponding to step Sa1 in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is an interface diagram corresponding to step Sa2 in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is an interface diagram corresponding to step Sa3 in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is an interface diagram corresponding to step Sa4 in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is an interface diagram corresponding to step Sa5 in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is an interface diagram corresponding to step Sa6 in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is an interface diagram corresponding to step Sa7 in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is an interface diagram corresponding to step Sa8 in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Referring to fig. 1-11, embodiments of the present invention are provided: now, a practical workpiece is described:
step Sa1, determining initial parameters, the angle of the processing cutter (determining a G68.2 plane), the processing depth, whether the processing mode is deviated, the cutting and milling mode and the like, as shown in fig. 4;
step Sa2, adding points (data blocks), determining a straight line, which is composed of two points, as shown in fig. 5;
step Sa3, adding a clockwise semicircular arc as shown in fig. 6;
step Sa4, selecting the G type (G02 clockwise circular arc) after adding the point, popping up a dialog box with a circular arc, providing three points and two points in two modes, selecting the two points mode, inputting the value, finishing click calculation, and then clicking for determination, as shown in FIG. 7;
step Sa5, whenever there is some update (data block), the real-time path feedback graph is updated, drawing the corresponding graph, comparing whether the graph is the graph to be set according to the data, if not, modifying the data, and continuing the next operation if it is determined, as shown in fig. 8;
step Sa6, forming a closed graph by adding two straight lines, as shown in fig. 9;
step Sa7, saving the generated G code, wherein the G code path of the contour milling is as shown in fig. 10;
and step Sa8, changing the cutting and milling mode into a regional milling mode and storing the regional milling mode, wherein the G code path of the regional milling mode is shown in FIG. 11.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A CAM processing method based on G68.2 plane processing in a numerical control system is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, data receiving and storing:
the system obtains data in a man-machine interaction mode and stores the data, wherein the data comprises basic data and point data, the basic data refers to processing parameters of the system and is the basis of data of subsequent processing points, and the point data refers to point parameters forming arcs or straight lines and is divided into straight line point data of a straight line type and arc point data of an arc type; the arc point data is divided into arc point data of a clockwise arc type and arc point data of an anticlockwise arc type; the point parameters comprise point coordinates, point types and point information, the point information refers to arc information corresponding to arc point data, and the arc information comprises radius IJk, point coordinates, superior and inferior arcs, arc forming types and circle centers;
s2, classification and conversion of data:
performing classification calculation processing on the acquired data, wherein the processing mode firstly judges the type of points, if the data is linear point data, whether G68.2 conversion is needed is judged according to the angle of a rotating shaft in basic data, if the angle of the rotating shaft is not zero, G68.2 conversion is needed, and if the data is circular arc point data, circular arc point data conversion is performed through G68.2 conversion to acquire the circle center position, the radius size and the IJK value corresponding to the circular arc point data;
s3 deviation of the cutter path:
obtaining an initial tool path track according to the point data in the S2, and offsetting the initial tool path track, wherein the offsetting comprises a centering offsetting, a left offsetting and a right offsetting, the centering offsetting is an initial tool path track, the left offsetting is an offset of the initial tool path track which is wholly offset leftwards, and the right offsetting is an offset of the initial tool path track which is wholly offset rightwards;
s4, cutting and milling type processing:
obtaining the outline of an initial processing area according to S3, and selecting the type of cutting and milling for the outline, wherein if the outline is a closed graph, the type of cutting and milling is area milling and outline milling, the area milling is to cut and mill all areas in the closed graph, and the outline milling is to cut and mill the outline of the closed graph by a cutter;
and S5, generating a code, namely generating a processing file in a standard G code format, wherein the suffix is in an nc format.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: in step S1, the point data is stored in a linked list structure, where a linked list has a plurality of linked data blocks, and the data blocks contain the point parameters and the direction of the linked list.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the point data conversion in step S2 includes the following steps:
s21, carrying out G68.2 transformation on the arc point data, namely rotating the rotation axis angle given by the arc point data by a corresponding angle according to the sequence of a Z axis, an X axis and a Z axis to obtain a new coordinate point, determining the position of a tool nose running plane by the X axis and the Y axis after the transformation, and determining the depth of the tool nose direction by the Z axis;
s22, calculating the circle center coordinate and radius corresponding to the arc point data by three-point calculation arc or two-point arc forming;
s23, calculating the IJK.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: in step S3, the offset is the radius of the blade and is obtained by the intersection of the vector offset and the vector.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps that a cutter path needs to be recalculated and planned before the regional milling of the cutter is carried out, and the method comprises the following steps:
s31, scattering arcs existing in the track into small line segments, calculating the corresponding angle of the small line segments through a given arch height error, and firstly calculating the angle corresponding to the arcs;
s32, calculating the angle perangle corresponding to each small line segment according to the radius of the bow height error;
s33, the total number of line segments which can be divided by the circular arc is angle/angle;
s34, calculating a second point of the small line segment by using a new mathematical principle after the perangle and the starting point rotate around the circle center by a certain angle;
s35, combining all the points into a polygon with multiple N edges;
s36, when in cutting and milling, firstly cutting and milling the outermost layer track of the outline, and then starting to perform oblique cutting and milling from one track;
and S37, determining the milling amount of each time according to the input step distance, and then calculating downward shifting of an oblique track by using vector translation.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: the step S3 further includes displaying the shifted initial tool path trajectory on a screen.
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| EP0265525A1 (en) * | 1986-04-01 | 1988-05-04 | Fanuc Ltd. | Method of preparing nc program for four-spindle lathe |
| CN102375432A (en) * | 2010-07-28 | 2012-03-14 | 发那科株式会社 | Numerical Control Device For Multi-axis Processing Machine Used For Processing Inclined Plane |
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