CN111505763B - Bending insensitive single mode fiber - Google Patents
Bending insensitive single mode fiber Download PDFInfo
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- CN111505763B CN111505763B CN202010445469.1A CN202010445469A CN111505763B CN 111505763 B CN111505763 B CN 111505763B CN 202010445469 A CN202010445469 A CN 202010445469A CN 111505763 B CN111505763 B CN 111505763B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
- G02B6/03622—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 2 layers only
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
- G02B6/03622—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 2 layers only
- G02B6/03627—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 2 layers only arranged - +
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Abstract
The invention discloses a bending insensitive single-mode optical fiber, which comprises a core layer, an inner cladding layer and an outer cladding layer which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, wherein the inner cladding layer has compressive stress, the absolute value of the compressive stress is greater than that of the core layer, the absolute value of the compressive stress of the core layer is between 10MPa and 40MPa, and the absolute value of the compressive stress of the inner cladding layer is between 20MPa and 50 MPa. According to the invention, the inner cladding structure with the compressive stress distribution is introduced around the optical fiber core layer, the power distribution and the limiting capability of the core layer optical wave electromagnetic field can be adjusted, the high-order mode except the LP01 mode can be rapidly leaked through the inner cladding structure, and the influence of the external temperature and the acting force on the core layer can be blocked and buffered by the inner cladding with the moderate compressive stress distribution, so that the additional loss of the optical fiber in the bending state is greatly reduced, the adaptability of the optical fiber to extreme temperature is stronger, namely the optical fiber keeps bending insensitivity under the conditions of extremely high temperature and extremely low temperature, so that the application temperature condition of the optical fiber can be expanded.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of optical fiber communication transmission, and particularly relates to a bending insensitive single-mode optical fiber suitable for an access network under an extreme temperature condition.
Background
With the continuous development of the optical fiber transmission technology, the FTTx technology is mainly used for the optical fiber of the access network, and has become an important development direction for the network construction of the communication access network. The range is from the local side equipment of the regional telecommunication room to the user Terminal equipment, the local side equipment is an Optical Line Terminal (OLT), and the user internal end equipment is an Optical Network Unit (ONU) or an Optical Network Terminal (ONT). The service modes can be classified according To The distance from The Fiber To The user, and can be divided into 4 service modes, such as Fiber To The Cabinet (FTTCab), fiber To The roadside (FTTC), fiber To The Building (FTTB), and Fiber To The Home (FTTH). The United states operator Verizon calls FTTB and FTTH together as Fiber To The premises (Fiber To The premium; FTTP). Optical fiber as a transmission medium plays a crucial role in FTTx. Intensive research is carried out on various optical fibers which can be used in the FTTx field, low water peak optical fibers with bending insensitivity gradually become hot spots for optical fiber network construction, and the international standardization organization ITU-T defines different application targets of G.657A1/A2 optical fibers in different bending radius use environments, wherein G.657.A1 optical fibers meeting the requirement that the minimum bending radius is 10mm are applied to Long-haul networks (Long-haul networks); g.657.A2 optical fiber meets the application condition of minimum bending radius of 7.5mm, and is mainly used in metropolitan area network (Metro network) and FTTH (fiber to the home).
Considering that the FTTx project has complex application environment, large temperature difference and can reach minus 40 ℃ or even lower under the extreme temperature condition. In order to ensure that the attenuation of the optical fiber link is normal, the optical communication network can work normally, so that the development of a bending insensitive single-mode optical fiber which can stabilize various optical fiber parameters relatively under a low-temperature condition is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a bending insensitive single-mode optical fiber suitable for an access network under an extreme temperature condition, and aims to improve the micro-bending resistance of the optical fiber and reduce the additional attenuation caused by temperature change by optimizing the stress structure of the optical fiber, thereby improving the attenuation performance and stability of the optical fiber under the extreme temperature condition, and solving the technical problems that the existing bending insensitive optical fiber is influenced by the temperature change, and has overlarge attenuation and poor performance under the extreme temperature condition.
To achieve the above objects, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a bend-insensitive single-mode optical fiber including a core layer, an inner cladding layer, and an outer cladding layer arranged in this order from inside to outside, the inner cladding layer having a compressive stress whose absolute value is greater than that of the core layer.
Preferably, the bending insensitive single mode optical fiber has a core layer with compressive stress at room temperature, and the absolute value of the core layer compressive stress is between 10MPa and 40MPa, preferably between 15MPa and 35MPa.
Preferably, the bending insensitive single mode optical fiber has the inner cladding with the compressive stress at room temperature, and the absolute value of the compressive stress of the inner cladding is between 20MPa and 50MPa, and preferably between 25MPa and 45 MPa.
Preferably, the bend-insensitive single-mode optical fiber has a radius of the core layer of R 1 The radius of the inner cladding is R 2 When the distance from any point on the cross section of the optical fiber to the center of the optical fiber is x and the absolute value of the compressive stress at any point in the diameter direction is F, the integral value of the compressive stress of the inner cladding expressed by the following formula in the diameter direction is 0.7 MPa.mu.m 2 Above and 25 MPa.mu.m 2 The following;
the preferred F value is 1.1 MPa. Mu.m 2 Above and 12 MPa. Mu.m 2 The following;
more preferably, the F value is 2.1 MPa-. Mu.m 2 Above and 5.1 MPa.mu.m 2 The following.
Preferably, the core layer of the bending-insensitive single-mode optical fiber is quartz glass containing germanium, and the mol content percentage of the germanium in the core layer is 2-15 mol%, preferably 3-7 mol%.
Preferably, said bend insensitive single mode optical fiber, wherein said inner cladding is at least fluorine doped silica glass, wherein the fluorine content percentage is 0 to 6mol%, preferably 0.3 to 3mol%.
Preferably, the bend insensitive single mode optical fiber has a radius R of the core layer 1 3.5-4.5 μm, the radius R of the inner cladding 2 Is 13 to 40 μm, preferably 15 to 25 μm.
Preferably, said bend insensitive single mode optical fiber, said fiber having an additional loss of less than or equal to 0.1dB for a 10 turn bend around a 15 millimeter bend radius at a wavelength of 1625 nm;
an additional loss less than or equal to 0.2dB for a bend of 1 turn around a 10 millimeter bend radius;
an additional loss less than or equal to 1.0dB for a bend of 1 turn around a 7.5 millimeter bend radius;
at the wavelength of 1550nm, the wavelength of the optical fiber,
an additional loss less than or equal to 0.03dB for a bend of 10 turns around a bend radius of 15 millimeters;
an additional loss less than or equal to 0.1dB for a bend of 1 turn around a 10 millimeter bend radius;
the additional loss is less than or equal to 0.5dB for a bend around 1 turn at a bend radius of 7.5 millimeters.
Preferably, said bend insensitive single mode optical fiber has a cable cut-off wavelength less than or equal to 1260 nm.
Preferably, the bend-insensitive single-mode optical fiber has an additional attenuation of less than 0.02dB/km at-65 ℃ to 85 ℃ in the wavelength range of 1310nm to 1625 nm. Generally, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the inner cladding structure with the compressive stress distribution is introduced around the optical fiber core layer, the power distribution and the limiting capability of the core layer optical wave electromagnetic field can be adjusted, the high-order mode except the LP01 mode can be rapidly leaked through the inner cladding structure, and the influence of the external temperature and the acting force on the core layer can be blocked and buffered by the inner cladding with the moderate compressive stress distribution, so that the additional loss of the optical fiber in the bending state is greatly reduced, the adaptability of the optical fiber to extreme temperature is stronger, namely the optical fiber keeps bending insensitivity under the conditions of extremely high temperature and extremely low temperature, so that the application temperature condition of the optical fiber can be expanded.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a bend insensitive single mode optical fiber of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a stress structure diagram of a bend insensitive single mode optical fiber according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of refractive index in examples 11 and 12 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the refractive index of examples 21, 22 and 23 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the cross-sectional structure of the refractive index of examples 24 and 25 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the cross-sectional structure of the refractive index of examples 13 and 14 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the refractive index profile of example 15 of the present invention.
The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements or structures, wherein: 1-core layer, 2-inner cladding layer and 3-outer cladding layer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The invention provides a bending insensitive single mode optical fiber, which comprises a core layer, an inner cladding layer and an outer cladding layer which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside; the core layer, the inner cladding layer and the outer cladding layer are all made of quartz substrates, and the inner cladding layer and the core layer of the optical fiber have compressive stress at normal temperature; and the absolute value of the inner package lamination stress is larger than the absolute value of the core layer lamination stress.
The radius of the core layer is R 1 The radius of the inner cladding is R 2 The distance from any point on the cross section of the optical fiber to the center of the optical fiber is x, the absolute value of the compressive stress of any point in the diameter direction is f, and the parameters of the stress of the inner cladding comprise the numerical value, the direction and the position of the stress. The integral value of the lamination stress of the inner pack expressed by the following formula in the diameter direction is F of 0.7 MPa. Mu.m 2 Above and 25 MPa.mu.m 2 The following;
among them, the preferable F value is 1.1 MPa. Mu.m 2 Above and 12 MPa.mu.m 2 The following; more preferably, the F value is 2.1 MPa-. Mu.m 2 Above and 5.1 MPa.mu.m 2 The following.
The absolute value of the compressive stress of the core layer is between 10MPa and 40MPa, and preferably between 15MPa and 35 MPa; preferably doped with germanium and/or fluorineChlorine, quartz glass; the molar content percentage of germanium in the core layer is 0 to 15mol%, preferably 2mol% to 15mol%, more preferably 3mol% to 7mol%; radius R of the core layer 1 3.5-4.5 μm;
the absolute value of the compressive stress of the inner cladding is between 20MPa and 50MPa, preferably between 25MPa and 45 MPa; the inner cladding is quartz glass at least doped with fluorine, wherein the mol content percentage of the fluorine is 0 to 6mol%, preferably 0.3 to 3mol%, and the inner cladding is a homogeneous material, or comprises a plurality of layered structures distributed in a step shape, or is a material with a gradually-changed composition structure; the gradual change composition comprises various forms such as linear change of the content of doping elements, exponential form change and the like; radius R thereof 2 Is 13 to 40 μm, preferably 15 to 25 μm.
The outer cladding layer has a radius R 3 Is 62.5 +/-0.5 mu m
The relative refractive index difference delta between the core layer and the inner cladding layer 13 The maximum value of (A) is in the range of 0.3% -1.4%, and delta is preferably selected 13 Is between 0.4% and 0.96%, wherein,
the bending insensitive optical fiber provided by the invention has the additional loss less than or equal to 0.1dB for 10 turns of bending around the bending radius of 15 mm at the wavelength of 1625 nm; an additional loss less than or equal to 0.2dB for a bend of 1 turn around a 10 millimeter bend radius; an additional loss less than or equal to 1.0dB for a bend of 1 turn around a 7.5 millimeter bend radius; an additional loss of less than or equal to 0.03dB for a 10 turn bend around a 15 millimeter bend radius at a wavelength of 1550 nm; an additional loss less than or equal to 0.1dB for a bend of 1 turn around a 10 millimeter bend radius; an additional loss less than or equal to 0.5dB for 1 turn bending around a 7.5 millimeter bend radius; the optical fiber has a cable cutoff wavelength less than or equal to 1260 nm.
Under the limiting temperature test: the additional attenuation of the bending insensitive optical fiber in the wavelength range of 1310nm to 1625nm at-65 ℃ to 85 ℃ is less than 0.02dB/km.
The additional attenuation caused by temperature changes is attributed to the fact that the optical fiber is stretched or squeezed from the axial direction, resulting in the core of the optical fiber being subjected to stress along the axial or radial direction, causing leakage of optical power, manifested as increased bend-added attenuation. According to the invention, the inner cladding structure with the compressive stress distribution is introduced around the optical fiber core layer, the power distribution and the limiting capability of the core layer optical wave electromagnetic field can be adjusted, the high-order mode except the LP01 mode can be rapidly leaked through the inner cladding structure, and the influence of the external temperature and the acting force on the core layer can be blocked and buffered by the inner cladding with the moderate compressive stress distribution, so that the additional loss of the optical fiber in the bending state is greatly reduced, the adaptability of the optical fiber to extreme temperature is stronger, namely the optical fiber keeps bending insensitivity under the conditions of extremely high temperature and extremely low temperature, so that the application temperature condition of the optical fiber can be expanded.
The fiber core of the bending insensitive single-mode optical fiber provided by the invention is formed by quartz glass doped with germanium and/or fluorine and chlorine, and compared with the outer cladding of pure quartz glass, the core layer has low viscosity and large expansion coefficient in a molten state. During the drawing, cooling and forming process, the optical fiber layers are transformed from a molten state to a viscoelastic state and finally cooled to a solid state. The cladding in the viscoelastic state has relatively highest viscosity, the shrinkage of the outer cladding continuously extrudes the inner cladding and the core layer inwards in the rapid cooling process of the optical fiber, the effect is that the inner cladding and the core layer of the optical fiber show stable compressive stress after the optical fiber is cooled to normal temperature, the stress is quantitatively detected by an FSA-100 type stress analyzer, and in a detection map, the compressive stress is a negative value, and the tensile stress is a positive value. The stress distribution of the inner cladding is the main factor influencing the core layer, and the inner cladding plays the effect of separation and buffering to external temperature change, external force effect, provides the protection to the core layer, restricts the leakage of luminous power. The ideal inner cladding stress structure can optimize the temperature-added attenuation of the fiber core to the maximum extent.
The manufacturing process of the bend insensitive single mode fiber comprises the following steps: heating the optical fiber preform with quartz glass substrate to a viscoelastic state or even a molten state, and drawing and cooling to obtain an optical fiber; the drawing speed is more than 300 m/min, preferably more than 500 m/min; the optical fiber is forcedly cooled from the drawing furnace to the take-up device at a cooling rate of 1050 ℃/s to 8500 ℃/s, preferably 4450 ℃/s to 8000 ℃/s.
The optical fiber is subjected to a tension in the direction of motion of the optical fiber in the viscoelastic state during drawing of the fiber of from 10MPa to 77MPa, preferably from 15MPa to 45MPa, more preferably from 20MPa to 35MPa.
In the drawing and cooling process, each layer of the optical fiber is converted from a viscoelastic state to a solid state, and the residual stress of the outer cladding and the inner cladding caused by the drawing tension is more than 3MPa. This residual stress can be removed by heat treatment of the fiber, but the portion of the residual stress that remains during drawing is advantageous for adjusting the stress profile in the inner cladding of the fiber.
These residual stresses may buffer or offset the stress effects on the core region of the fiber caused by a portion of the ambient temperature change. The method for testing the residual stress comprises the steps of sampling the optical fibers of the same batch for heat treatment, wherein one heat treatment procedure comprises the steps of slowly heating the optical fibers from normal temperature to 1100 ℃ at a heating rate of less than 10 ℃ per minute, keeping the temperature for 30 minutes, and then slowly cooling the optical fibers to the normal temperature at a cooling rate of less than 10 ℃ per minute, preferably less than 10 ℃ per minute. The difference in residual stress can be determined by measuring and comparing the stress of the heat-treated and non-heat-treated fibers using an FSA-100 thermal stress analyzer.
The following are examples:
example 1
A first batch of bending insensitive single mode fibers are prepared into core rods by a PCVD (plasma chemical vapor deposition) process, an inner cladding and an outer cladding are deposited by an OVD (over-voltage-reduction) method and sintered and condensed into an optical fiber preform, the core layer is germanium-doped quartz glass, and the inner cladding is fluorine-doped ladder-shaped multilayer-structure quartz glass, as shown in attached figures 3, 6 and 7. Heating the optical fiber perform of the quartz glass substrate to a molten state at the high temperature of 1700-2300 ℃, and drawing, cooling and shaping to obtain an optical fiber; the wire drawing speed is more than 1000 m/min; the optical fiber is forcedly cooled by helium in the process of reaching a take-up device from a drawing furnace at the cooling rate of 4450 ℃/s to 8500 ℃/s. And in the drawing process, the drawing tension of the bare optical fiber in the viscoelastic state along the motion direction of the optical fiber is 11MPa to 45MPa, and the drawing tension is equal to the ratio of the tensile force born by the bare optical fiber in the drawing process to the sectional area of the optical fiber. During the cooling process, the stress region and the cladding of the optical fiber are converted from a viscoelastic state to a solid state, and the residual stress of the inner cladding and the outer cladding caused by the drawing tension is more than 3MPa as measured by an FSA-100 stress analyzer, the residual stress can be removed by heat treatment of the optical fiber, but the residual stress remained during the drawing process is beneficial to adjusting the stress distribution of the inner cladding of the optical fiber. (since in the stress analyzer spectra, the tensile stress is positive and the compressive stress is negative, the stress values are absolute in the following tables)
Example 2
And preparing a core rod of a second batch of bending insensitive single-mode optical fiber by VAD (vapor axial deposition) process, depositing an inner cladding and an outer cladding by OVD (over-all deposition), sintering and fusing to form an optical fiber preform, wherein the core layer is germanium-doped quartz glass, and the inner cladding is fluorine-doped gradient structure quartz glass, as shown in figures 4 and 5. Heating the optical fiber perform of the quartz glass substrate to a molten state at the high temperature of 1700-2300 ℃, and drawing, cooling and shaping to obtain an optical fiber; the wire drawing speed is more than 500 m/min; and the optical fiber is blown by dry ice to be forcibly cooled in the process of reaching the take-up device from the drawing furnace, wherein the cooling rate is 3000 ℃/s to 5500 ℃/s. In the drawing process, the drawing tension of the optical fiber in the viscoelastic state along the motion direction of the optical fiber is 11MPa to 45MPa, and the drawing tension is equal to the ratio of the tensile force born by the bare optical fiber in the drawing process to the sectional area of the optical fiber. During the cooling process, the stress region and the cladding of the optical fiber are converted from a viscoelastic state to a solid state, and the residual stress of the inner cladding and the outer cladding caused by the drawing tension is more than 3MPa as measured by an FSA-100 stress analyzer, the residual stress can be removed by the heat treatment of the optical fiber, but the residual stress is remained during the drawing process, so that the stress distribution of the inner cladding of the optical fiber is favorably adjusted.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. A bending insensitive single mode optical fiber is characterized by comprising a core layer, an inner cladding layer and an outer cladding layer which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, wherein the inner cladding layer has compressive stress, and the absolute value of the compressive stress is greater than that of the core layer;
the absolute value of the core layer compressive stress is between 10MPa and 40 MPa; wherein the absolute value of the lamination stress of the inner bag is between 20MPa and 50 MPa;
the radius of the core layer is R 1 The radius of the inner cladding is R 2 ，R 2 Is 15 to 25 μm, and when the distance from any point on the cross section of the optical fiber to the center of the optical fiber is x and the absolute value of the compressive stress at any point in the diameter direction is F, the integral value of the lamination stress of the inner cladding expressed by the following formula in the diameter direction is 0.7 MPa- μm 2 Above and 25 MPa. Mu.m 2 The following;
2. the bend insensitive single mode optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein the fiber has a core layer having a compressive stress at room temperature, and the absolute value of the compressive stress of the core layer is between 15MPa and 35MPa.
3. The bend insensitive single mode optical fiber of claim 1, wherein the fiber has an inner cladding with compressive stress at room temperature and an absolute value of the compressive stress of the inner cladding is between 25MPa and 45 MPa.
4. The bend insensitive single mode optical fiber of claim 1, wherein the F-number is 1.1 MPa- μm 2 Above and 12 MPa. Mu.m 2 The following.
5. The bend insensitive single mode optical fiber of claim 4, wherein the F value is 2.1 MPa- μm 2 Above and 5.1 MPa.mu.m 2 The following.
6. The bend insensitive single mode optical fiber of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the core layer is silica glass containing germanium, and the percentage of germanium in the core layer is 2 to 15mol%.
7. The bend insensitive single mode optical fiber of claim 6, wherein the core layer has a germanium mole content percentage of 3 to 7 mole percent.
8. The bend insensitive single mode optical fiber of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the inner cladding is at least fluorine doped silica glass, wherein the fluorine is present in a molar percentage of 0 to 6mol%.
9. The bend insensitive single mode optical fiber of claim 8, wherein the inner cladding has a fluorine mole percent of 0.3 to 3 mole percent.
10. The bend insensitive single mode optical fiber of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the radius R of the core layer 1 3.5 to 4.5 μm.
11. The bend insensitive single mode optical fiber of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the optical fiber has a wavelength of 1625nm,
an additional loss less than or equal to 0.1dB for a 10 turn bend around a 15 millimeter bend radius;
an additional loss less than or equal to 0.2dB for a bend of 1 turn around a 10 millimeter bend radius;
an additional loss less than or equal to 1.0dB for a bend of 1 turn around a 7.5 millimeter bend radius;
at the wavelength of 1550nm, at a wavelength of 1550nm,
an additional loss less than or equal to 0.03dB for a bend of 10 turns around a bend radius of 15 millimeters;
an additional loss less than or equal to 0.1dB for 1 turn bending around a 10 millimeter bending radius;
the additional loss is less than or equal to 0.5dB for a bend around 1 turn at a bend radius of 7.5 millimeters.
12. The bend insensitive single mode optical fiber of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the optical fiber has a cable cut-off wavelength of less than or equal to 1260 nm.
13. The bend insensitive single mode optical fiber of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the fiber has a temperature added attenuation of less than 0.02dB/km over the wavelength range of 1310nm to 1625nm from-65 ℃ to 85 ℃.
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