CN111505336B - 10 nm-level particle detection device and method applied to ballistic target test - Google Patents
10 nm-level particle detection device and method applied to ballistic target test Download PDFInfo
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- CN111505336B CN111505336B CN202010354690.6A CN202010354690A CN111505336B CN 111505336 B CN111505336 B CN 111505336B CN 202010354690 A CN202010354690 A CN 202010354690A CN 111505336 B CN111505336 B CN 111505336B
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- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/18—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the time taken to traverse a fixed distance
- G01P5/20—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the time taken to traverse a fixed distance using particles entrained by a fluid stream
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M9/00—Aerodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on wind tunnels
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- G01M9/065—Measuring arrangements specially adapted for aerodynamic testing dealing with flow
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Abstract
The invention relates to a 10 nm-level particle detection device and a method applied to ballistic target tests, wherein the device comprises the following components: the fixture is positioned in the target chamber and comprises a connecting part and an installation part, wherein the connecting part is provided with an axial through hole, the installation part comprises a first installation plate and a second installation plate, and the first installation plate and the second installation plate are arranged in parallel at intervals to form a light curtain cavity with an opening; the device comprises at least one laser, the same number of coupling lenses as the lasers and the same number of photodetectors as the coupling lenses. The scheme of the invention adopts a mode of arranging the clamp at the outlet of the emitter, realizes the installation and the positioning of the particle detection device, does not influence the normal operation of the prior equipment, realizes the reliable detection of the 10 nm-level particles, and can meet the requirements of speed measurement and control of the 10 nm-level particle collision test.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ultra-high-speed ballistic target tests, in particular to a 10 nm-level particle detection device and method applied to a ballistic target test.
Background
The ultra-high speed ballistic target is important ground wind tunnel test equipment for researching hypersonic aerodynamics and ultra-high speed collision phenomena. The test principle of the ballistic target is as follows: the test model is free to fly at hypersonic velocity in the target chamber to perform pneumatic tests with the test gas at rest. Ballistic target systems generally consist of an emitter, a target chamber vacuum system, and a velocity measurement control system.
The working process of the ballistic target system is as follows: the launcher launches the particle and the bullet support assembly to the target chamber, and the particle and the bullet support assembly fly freely in the target chamber, and simultaneously, the experimental measurement of the relevant characteristics is carried out.
Along with the development of ultra-high-speed collision research objects, ultra-high-speed collision characteristic tests and researches of 10 nm-level particles on ballistic targets are required in projects such as 'space debris', and the like, and the reliable and accurate detection of the 10 nm-level particles is the basis of accurate measurement of particle speed and accurate measurement of parameters in a collision process.
At present, a light curtain target is generally adopted for projectile detection in a ballistic target test, the light curtain is perpendicular to the axis of a target chamber, the minimum detection model size is 0.5mm, the task requirement of 10 nm-grade particle detection cannot be met, and the following reasons are mainly adopted: firstly, the light curtain width is not enough, and the light curtain width 50mm of light curtain target, the particle quality is little, and the dispersion when flying to the detector is greater than the light curtain width, and the particle is not in the detection range, if increase detection range, must change present equipment: special detection windows and detectors are processed in a matched manner, so that the test cost and the test period cannot meet the requirements; secondly, the detection sensitivity is not enough, by utilizing the existing measurement mode, the light reduction signal generated by the 10 nm-level particles passing through the light curtain is weak, about 8.5mV, the background noise of a detection system is usually 5-10mV, and the signal can be basically submerged in the noise and can not be identified; thirdly, the detection result has larger uncertainty.
From the above, it can be seen that in the ballistic target test, the detection of particles of 10nm level cannot be realized by using the existing detection equipment and method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a 10 nm-level particle detection device applied to a ballistic target test, and the device can realize effective detection of 10 nm-level particles in the ballistic target test.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a 10 nm-class particle detecting apparatus for use in ballistic target tests, comprising:
the fixture is positioned in the target chamber and comprises a connecting part and an installation part, the connecting part is provided with an axial through hole, the installation part comprises a first installation plate and a second installation plate, the first installation plate and the second installation plate are arranged at intervals in parallel to form a light curtain cavity with an opening, one end of the first installation plate and one end of the second installation plate are connected with the connecting part, the first installation plate and the second installation plate are parallel to the axial direction of the axial through hole, the axial through hole is communicated with the light curtain cavity, the fixture is coaxially sleeved on an outlet channel of the emitter through the axial through hole, and the outlet channel of the emitter is communicated with the light curtain cavity;
at least one laser mounted on the first mounting plate and capable of emitting laser light perpendicular to the axis of the axial through hole;
the number of the coupling lenses is the same as that of the lasers, and the coupling lenses are arranged on the second mounting plate and used for receiving and focusing optical signals emitted by the corresponding lasers;
the photoelectric detectors are positioned outside the target chamber, are connected with the corresponding coupling lenses through optical fibers, and are used for receiving the optical signals transmitted by the corresponding coupling lenses through the optical fibers and converting the optical signals into electric signals.
Preferably, a plurality of lasers are included, and a plurality of the lasers are arranged in parallel at intervals.
Preferably, the first mounting plate is provided with a laser mounting hole, and the axis of the laser mounting hole is perpendicular to the axis of the axial through hole; the laser passes through the laser mounting hole demountable installation is in on the first mounting panel.
Preferably, the second mounting plate is provided with a coupling lens mounting hole, and the axis of the coupling lens mounting hole is perpendicular to the axis of the axial through hole; the coupling lens is detachably mounted on the second mounting plate through the coupling lens mounting hole.
Preferably, the laser mounting hole coincides with an axis of the coupling lens mounting hole.
Preferably, the connecting portion is provided with at least two groups of fixing threaded holes, each group of fixing threaded holes comprises four fixing threaded holes uniformly arranged along the radial direction of the connecting portion, each fixing threaded hole is communicated with the axial through hole, and each group of fixing threaded holes are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the connecting portion;
and each fixing threaded hole is correspondingly provided with a screw, and the screw penetrates through the corresponding fixing threaded hole and abuts against the outer side of the emitter outlet channel, so that the clamp is fixed with the emitter outlet channel.
Preferably, both ends of the optical fiber are FC/PC interfaces, and the coupling lens and the photodetector are connected to the optical fiber through the FC/PC interfaces at both ends of the optical fiber, respectively.
Preferably, the coupling lens and the photodetector are both matched to the wavelength parameters of the laser.
The invention also provides a 10 nm-level particle detection method applied to ballistic target tests,
providing a light curtain cavity communicated with the outlet channel of the emitter, wherein the light curtain cavity is positioned in the target chamber, and two opposite sides of the light curtain cavity are provided with axial openings communicated with the target chamber;
providing at least one laser mounted on one side of the light curtain cavity;
providing coupling lenses with the same number as the lasers and installing the coupling lenses on the other side of the light curtain cavity;
providing the same number of photoelectric detectors as the coupling lenses, installing the photoelectric detectors outside the target chamber, and connecting the photoelectric detectors with the coupling lenses through optical fibers;
debugging voltage acquisition equipment;
setting parameters of the voltage acquisition equipment, including acquisition duration, sampling rate and triggering mode;
the laser and the photoelectric detector are electrified, the laser emits laser to the other side of the light curtain cavity, the light path of the laser is perpendicular to the axial direction of the outlet channel of the emitter to form a light curtain, the coupling lens receives and focuses the corresponding optical signal emitted by the laser and transmits the optical signal to the photoelectric detector through the optical fiber, and the photoelectric detector receives the optical signal and converts the optical signal into an electrical signal; the voltage acquisition equipment acquires the electric signal;
and the 10 nm-level particles flying out through the outlet channel of the emitter enter the light curtain cavity and pass through the light curtain, when the 10 nm-level particles pass through the light curtain, the photoelectric detector detects a light subtraction signal, and a detection result is obtained according to the change of the electric signal.
Preferably, before the test, whether the laser spots all fall within the effective area of the corresponding coupling lens is detected, if all fall within the effective area of the corresponding coupling lens, the test is performed, otherwise, the optical path is adjusted until all the laser spots fall within the effective area of the corresponding coupling lens.
The 10 nm-level particle detection device and method for implementing the application and ballistic target test of the invention have the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention adopts the mode of arranging the clamp at the outlet of the emitter, realizes the installation and the positioning of the 10 nm-level particle detection device, does not influence the normal operation of the prior equipment, and detects particle signals by sensing the strength change of optical signals by the photoelectric detector after the particles and the elastic support component fly out of the outlet of the emitter (the particles are in front and the elastic support component is behind);
2. in the scheme of the invention, the clamp mounting part is arranged in the target chamber, and the laser and the coupling lens are closer to the outlet of the emitter, so that the detection position is closer to the outlet of the emitter, the flying and spreading range of particles is smaller, the detection field requirement is small, a special detection window and a detector do not need to be processed in a matching way, the existing equipment does not need to be changed, the detection success rate is higher, and the uncertainty of the measurement result can be effectively reduced;
3. the opening design of the clamp can effectively weaken the interference signal generated by the propelling gas at the outlet of the transmitter, thereby improving the detection sensitivity;
4. the size of the clamp is adjusted according to the caliber of the emitter, the particle detection requirements of various emitters can be met, particularly, the reliable and accurate detection of 10 nm-level particles can be quickly realized at low cost, and the requirements of speed measurement and control of a 10 nm-level particle collision test are met;
5. by arranging a plurality of groups of lasers, coupling lenses, optical fibers and detectors, the ultrahigh-speed collision characteristic test and research of other particles such as particle speed accurate measurement, collision process parameter accurate measurement and the like can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a 10 nm-class particle detector applied to a ballistic target test according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the jig of the present invention.
In the figure: 1: a transmitter; 2: a cartridge holder assembly; 3: a clamp; 4: a laser; 5: a coupling lens; 6: an optical fiber; 7: a photodetector; 8: fixing the threaded hole; 9: a laser mounting hole; 10: coupling the lens mounting hole.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1, a 10 nm-class particle detector for ballistic target test is provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and the 10 nm-class particle detector is disposed at an outlet of an emitter 1. The 10 nm-level particle detection device comprises a clamp 3, a laser 4, a coupling lens 5 and a photoelectric detector 7.
Wherein the clamp 3 is used to connect the emitter 1 and provide a mounting base for the components of the device. Specifically, the fixture 3 includes a connecting portion and a mounting portion, and as shown in fig. 2, the left portion of the fixture 3 is the connecting portion, the connecting portion has an axial through hole, the right portion of the fixture 3 is the mounting portion, the mounting portion includes a first mounting plate and a second mounting plate, and the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate are arranged in parallel at an interval to form a light curtain cavity with an opening. One end of the first mounting plate and one end of the second mounting plate are connected with the connecting portion, and the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate are parallel to the axial direction of the axial through hole. The axial through hole of connecting portion communicates with the light curtain chamber of installation department, and the exit channel of transmitter 1 is located to anchor clamps 3 through the coaxial cover of this axial through hole, and the exit channel and the light curtain chamber of transmitter 1 communicate. The optical signal is unstable due to the propellant gas jet at the outlet of the emitter 1, generating a disturbing signal. The opening design of the clamp can quickly diffuse the propelling gas to the free space, reduce the interference on the light path and prevent the propelling gas from influencing the reliable detection of particles, thereby improving the detection sensitivity.
In a preferred embodiment, the connecting portion is provided with at least two sets of fixing threaded holes 8, each set of fixing threaded holes 8 comprises four fixing threaded holes 8 uniformly arranged along the radial direction of the connecting portion, each fixing threaded hole 8 is communicated with the axial through hole, and the sets of fixing threaded holes 8 are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the connecting portion. Wherein, every fixed screw hole 8 all corresponds a screw, and the screw passes corresponding fixed screw hole 8 and supports outside transmitter 1 outlet channel for it is fixed with anchor clamps 3 and transmitter 1 outlet channel.
In a specific embodiment, the number of the fixing threaded holes 8 may be 12, and as shown in fig. 2, the fixing threaded holes 8 include three groups, and each group of the fixing threaded holes 8 is spaced apart. The pitch of the fixing screw holes 8 may be set according to the test conditions and the specific number of the fixing screw holes 8, for example, the pitch may be 20mm, and the size of the left end opening of the connecting portion shown in fig. 2 is set according to the specific size of the test equipment. When in use, the clamp 3 is fixedly connected with the outlet channel of the emitter 1 through the fixing threaded hole 8 by using a screw.
The device comprises at least one laser 4, the same number of coupling lenses 5 as the lasers 4 and the same number of photodetectors 7 as the coupling lenses 5.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a mounting portion of the jig 3 for mounting the laser 4 and the coupling lens 5 is located in the target chamber. In particular, the laser 4 is mounted on the first mounting plate, the axis of the laser 4 being perpendicular to the axis of the axial through hole, capable of emitting laser light perpendicular to the axis of the axial through hole. Meanwhile, the coupling lens 5 is mounted on the second mounting board, and the axis of the coupling lens 5 is coincident with the axis of the laser 4 and used for receiving and focusing the optical signal emitted by the corresponding laser 4.
In some preferred embodiments, the mounting portion is provided with a reserved laser mounting hole 9, an axis of the laser mounting hole 9 is perpendicular to an axial direction of the axial through hole, and the laser 4 is detachably connected to the first mounting plate, for example, by screwing. The diameter of the laser mounting hole 9 and the size of the thread are tailored to the size of the laser 4. In the present invention, the laser 4 includes a laser body and a power supply. The number of the lasers 4 is set according to the actual test condition, for example, 3 lasers can be added or subtracted as appropriate, and the number of the laser mounting holes 9 can be added or subtracted correspondingly. The laser 4 should be at visible wavelengths, with a power of no more than 5mW, for providing a light source for the particle detection device. In a preferred embodiment, the laser 4 in the device of the present invention may be a semiconductor laser, which has a small size, low power consumption, low cost, and is easy to install and debug, and can meet the requirement of particle detection in ballistic target tests.
In some preferred embodiments, the mounting portion is further provided with a reserved coupling lens mounting hole 10, the axis of the coupling lens mounting hole 10 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the axial through hole, the coupling lens mounting hole 10 and the laser mounting hole 9 are in one-to-one correspondence from top to bottom and completely coincide with the axis of the laser mounting hole 9, and the coupling lens 5 is detachably connected to the second mounting plate. The aperture and thread size of the coupling lens mounting hole 10 are tailored to the size of the coupling lens 5. In the present invention, the number of the coupling lenses 5 is set according to actual test conditions, and the coupling lenses are required to correspond to the lasers 4 one by one, for example, the number of the coupling lenses is 3 as the number of the lasers 4, and the number of the coupling lenses can be increased or decreased appropriately at the same time, and accordingly, the number of the coupling lens mounting holes 10 is also increased or decreased accordingly. The coupling lens 5 should be matched to the wavelength parameters of the laser 4 for receiving and focusing the optical signal.
The device also comprises the same number of photoelectric detectors 7 as the number 5 of the coupling lenses, wherein the photoelectric detectors 7 are positioned outside the target chamber and are connected with one corresponding coupling lens 5 through optical fibers 6. In the present invention, the detection wavelength and power range of the photodetector 7 need to be matched with the laser 4, and are used for receiving the optical signal transmitted by the corresponding coupling lens 5 through the optical fiber 6 and converting the optical signal into an electrical signal. The photoelectric detector 7 comprises a detector body, a power supply and a light adapter. In the invention, the number of the optical fibers 6 is consistent with the number of the photoelectric detectors 7 and the coupling lenses 5, and can be increased and decreased correspondingly. The optical fiber 6 is matched to the wavelength parameters of the laser 4. In a specific embodiment, both ends of the optical fiber 6 adopt FC/PC interfaces, FC refers to circular threaded, PC refers to grinding and polishing of a microsphere surface, and the coupling lens 5 and the photodetector 7 are respectively connected with the optical fiber 6 through the FC/PC interfaces at both ends of the optical fiber 6. The length of the optical fiber 6 can be set according to actual test conditions. When the optical fiber 6 passes through the target chamber, the vacuum sealing is required to be ensured to be normal, and air leakage is prevented.
The light curtain in the prior art is a parallel line type light curtain, the energy is dispersed, the laser emitted by the laser 4 is received and focused by the coupling lens 5, the coupling lens can focus a point-shaped light curtain and converge at the end of the optical fiber 6, and an optical signal is transmitted to the photoelectric detector 7 by the optical fiber 6.
It should be noted that, when the above-mentioned device is used for ballistic target test to detect 10 nm-class particles, the existing devices can be used for the emitter and the target chamber, and in addition, a voltage acquisition device is also needed to be provided for acquiring and displaying the electrical signal of the photodetector 7, and the particle detection result is obtained through the change detection of the electrical signal.
The number of the laser 4, the coupling lens 5 and the photoelectric detector 7 can be one, at the moment, the device can realize reliable and accurate detection of 10 nm-level particles, the defect that the particles are not in a detection range due to insufficient width of a light curtain in the prior art is overcome, and normal operation of original equipment is not influenced.
It should be understood that the references to "up, down, left, right" and the like in the present invention are to be understood as referring to the schematic structural distribution shown in the drawings, which are for convenience of description only and are not to be construed as limiting in any way.
The 10 nm-level particle detection device provided by the invention realizes the installation and positioning of the particle detection device by arranging the clamp at the outlet of the emitter, and does not influence the normal operation of the existing equipment, and when the particles and the elastic support component fly out of the outlet of the emitter (the particles are in front and the elastic support component is behind), the photoelectric detector senses the intensity change of the optical signal to detect the particle signal. The particle detection device can be applied to ultra-high-speed ballistic target tests, and can particularly meet the task requirement of 10 nm-level particle detection.
In the prior art, the laser and the detector are configured in pairs as one station, multiple stations are arranged along the axial direction of the target chamber, and the distance between the two stations ranges from 0.4 m to 2 m, namely, the existing detector is closest to the outlet position of the emitter by 0.4 m. By adopting the device, the detection position can be moved forwards to the outlet of the emitter, so that the detection position is closer to the outlet of the emitter, the flight dispersion range of particles is smaller, the detection view field requirement is small, a special detection window and a detector do not need to be processed in a matching manner, the test cost is reduced, the detection success rate is higher, and the uncertainty of the measurement result can be effectively reduced; the opening design of the clamp can effectively weaken the interference signal generated by the propelling gas at the outlet of the transmitter, and the detection sensitivity is improved; meanwhile, the size of the clamp is adjusted according to the caliber of the emitter, and the particle detection requirements of various emitters can be met.
Example two
The second embodiment is basically the same as the first embodiment, and the same parts are not described again, except that:
the device comprises a plurality of lasers 4, and the plurality of lasers 4 are arranged in parallel along the axial direction of the axial through hole at intervals. For example, two lasers 4 may be provided for particle velocimetry, and the number of corresponding coupling lenses 5 and photodetectors 7 is also two. It will be appreciated that a timer may also be provided for the particle velocimetry required by the experiment. The number of the lasers 4, the coupling lens 5 and the photodetectors 7 can be increased or decreased as appropriate. The specific number can be set according to the test requirements. When the number of the lasers 4, the coupling lens 5 and the photodetectors 7 is multiple, the device can realize tests and researches such as measurement of the speed of particles with the level of 10nm and measurement of parameters of a collision process.
EXAMPLE III
The third embodiment of the invention provides a 10 nm-grade particle detection method applied to a ballistic target test, which comprises the following steps: providing a light curtain cavity communicated with an outlet channel of the emitter 1, wherein the light curtain cavity is positioned in the target chamber, and two opposite sides of the light curtain cavity are provided with axial openings communicated with the target chamber;
providing at least one laser 4 mounted on one side of the light curtain cavity;
providing the same number of coupling lenses 5 as the lasers 4, and installing the coupling lenses on the other side of the light curtain cavity;
providing photoelectric detectors 7 with the same number as the coupling lenses 5, and installing the photoelectric detectors 7 outside the target chamber, wherein the photoelectric detectors 7 are connected with the coupling lenses 5 through optical fibers 6;
debugging voltage acquisition equipment;
setting parameters of voltage acquisition equipment, including acquisition duration, sampling rate and triggering mode;
energizing a laser 4 and a photoelectric detector 7, wherein the laser 4 emits laser to the other side of the light curtain cavity, the light path of the laser is perpendicular to the axial direction of an outlet channel of the emitter 1 to form a light curtain, a coupling lens 5 receives and focuses a corresponding optical signal emitted by the laser 4 and transmits the optical signal to the photoelectric detector 7 through an optical fiber 6, and the photoelectric detector 7 receives the optical signal and converts the optical signal into an electrical signal; the voltage acquisition equipment acquires the electric signal;
the 10 nm-level particles flying out through the outlet channel of the emitter 1 enter the light curtain cavity and pass through the light curtain, when the 10 nm-level particles pass through the light curtain, the photoelectric detector detects a light subtraction signal, and a detection result is obtained through the voltage acquisition equipment.
In some specific embodiments, the method can be implemented by using the 10 nm-class particle detection device applied to the ballistic target test provided in any one of the preceding embodiments. For example, a first mounting plate and a second mounting plate of the mounting part of the clamp 3 are arranged in parallel at intervals to form a light curtain cavity with an opening, the clamp 3 is coaxially sleeved on an outlet channel of the emitter 1 through an axial through hole, and the outlet channel of the emitter 1 is communicated with the light curtain cavity; providing at least one laser 4, mounted on the first mounting board, capable of emitting laser light perpendicular to the axial direction of the axial through hole; coupling lenses 5 with the same number as the lasers 4 are provided, are arranged on the second mounting plate and can receive and focus the optical signals emitted by the corresponding lasers 4; the photoelectric detectors 7 with the same number as the coupling lenses 5 are also provided, and the photoelectric detectors 7 are located outside the target chamber and connected with the corresponding coupling lenses 5 through optical fibers 6, and are used for receiving the optical signals transmitted by the corresponding coupling lenses 5 through the optical fibers 6 and converting the optical signals into electrical signals.
In a preferred embodiment, before the test, it is detected whether all the laser spots fall within the effective area of the corresponding coupling lens 5, if all the laser spots fall within the effective area of the corresponding coupling lens 5, the test is performed, otherwise, the optical path is adjusted until all the laser spots fall within the effective area of the corresponding coupling lens 5.
In the specific use process, the axis of the axial through hole of the clamp 3 is coincided with the horizontal center line of the emitter 1, and the optical fiber 6 is sealed when passing through the target chamber, so that air leakage is prevented. In addition, the size of the clamp 3 is adjusted according to the caliber of the emitter 1, so that the particle detection requirements of various emitters can be met.
The other embodiment is basically the same as the third embodiment, and the same parts are not described again, except that:
a plurality of lasers 4 are provided, and the plurality of lasers 4 are arranged in parallel at intervals along the axial direction of the axial through hole. For example, two lasers 4 may be provided for particle velocimetry, and the number of corresponding coupling lenses 5 and photodetectors 7 is also two. It will be appreciated that a timer is also provided for the particle tachometer to record the time at which the photo detector 7 detects the light minus signal, for use in calculating the particle flight velocity. The number of the lasers 4, the coupling lens 5 and the photodetectors 7 can be increased or decreased as appropriate. The specific number can be set according to the test requirements. When the number of the lasers 4, the coupling lens 5 and the photodetectors 7 is multiple, the device can realize tests and researches such as measurement of the speed of particles with the level of 10nm and measurement of parameters of a collision process.
It should be understood that the principle of the 10 nm-scale particle detection method applied to the ballistic target test of the present invention is the same as that of the 10 nm-scale particle detection apparatus applied to the ballistic target test as described above, and thus the detailed description of the embodiment of the particle detection apparatus is also applicable to the particle detection method.
In conclusion, on the premise of not influencing the normal operation of the existing equipment, the installation and the positioning of the 10 nm-level particle detection device can be realized by arranging the clamp at the outlet of the emitter according to the scheme of the invention. In the scheme of the invention, the detection position is closer to the outlet of the emitter, the flight dispersion range of particles is smaller, the requirement on the detection field of view is smaller, and the uncertainty of the measurement result can be effectively reduced. Through the opening design of anchor clamps, can effectively subdue the interference signal that transmitter exit propellant gas produced to improve detectivity. The size of the clamp is adjusted to be used for being matched with the calibers of different emitters, the particle detection requirements of various emitters can be met, particularly, the reliable and accurate detection of 10 nm-level particles can be rapidly realized at low cost, and the requirements of speed measurement and control in a 10 nm-level particle collision test are met.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A 10nm class particle detector for ballistic target testing, comprising:
the fixture is positioned in the target chamber and comprises a connecting part and an installation part, the connecting part is provided with an axial through hole, the installation part comprises a first installation plate and a second installation plate, the first installation plate and the second installation plate are arranged at intervals in parallel to form a light curtain cavity, two opposite sides of the light curtain cavity are provided with axial openings communicated with the target chamber, one ends of the first installation plate and the second installation plate are connected with the connecting part, the first installation plate and the second installation plate are parallel to the axial direction of the axial through hole, the axial through hole is communicated with the light curtain cavity, the fixture is coaxially sleeved on an outlet channel of the emitter through the axial through hole, and the outlet channel of the emitter is communicated with the light curtain cavity;
at least one laser mounted on the first mounting plate and capable of emitting laser light perpendicular to the axis of the axial through hole;
the number of the coupling lenses is the same as that of the lasers, and the coupling lenses are arranged on the second mounting plate and used for receiving and focusing optical signals emitted by the corresponding lasers;
the photoelectric detectors are positioned outside the target chamber, are connected with the corresponding coupling lenses through optical fibers, and are used for receiving the optical signals transmitted by the corresponding coupling lenses through the optical fibers and converting the optical signals into electric signals.
2. The apparatus for 10 nm-scale particle detection for ballistic target testing of claim 1, wherein: the laser device comprises a plurality of lasers which are arranged in parallel at intervals.
3. The apparatus for 10 nm-scale particle detection for ballistic target testing according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the first mounting plate is provided with a laser mounting hole, and the axis of the laser mounting hole is perpendicular to the axis of the axial through hole; the laser passes through the laser mounting hole demountable installation is in on the first mounting panel.
4. The apparatus for 10 nm-scale particle detection for ballistic target testing of claim 3, wherein: the second mounting plate is provided with a coupling lens mounting hole, and the axis of the coupling lens mounting hole is perpendicular to the axis of the axial through hole; the coupling lens is detachably mounted on the second mounting plate through the coupling lens mounting hole.
5. The apparatus for 10 nm-scale particle detection for ballistic target testing of claim 4, wherein: the laser installation hole is overlapped with the axis of the coupling lens installation hole.
6. The apparatus for 10 nm-scale particle detection for ballistic target testing of claim 1, wherein: the connecting part is at least provided with two groups of fixing threaded holes, each group of fixing threaded holes comprises four fixing threaded holes uniformly arranged along the radial direction of the connecting part, each fixing threaded hole is communicated with the axial through hole, and each group of fixing threaded holes are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the connecting part;
and each fixing threaded hole is correspondingly provided with a screw, and the screw penetrates through the corresponding fixing threaded hole and abuts against the outer side of the emitter outlet channel, so that the clamp is fixed with the emitter outlet channel.
7. The apparatus for 10 nm-scale particle detection for ballistic target testing of claim 1, wherein: the two ends of the optical fiber are both FC/PC interfaces, and the coupling lens and the photoelectric detector are respectively connected with the optical fiber through the FC/PC interfaces at the two ends of the optical fiber.
8. The apparatus for 10 nm-scale particle detection for ballistic target testing of claim 1, wherein: the coupling lens and the photoelectric detector are matched with the wavelength parameters of the laser.
9. A10 nm-level particle detection method applied to a ballistic target test is characterized by comprising the following steps:
providing a light curtain cavity communicated with an outlet channel of the emitter, wherein the light curtain cavity is positioned in the target chamber, and two opposite sides of the light curtain cavity are provided with axial openings communicated with the target chamber;
providing at least one laser mounted on one side of the light curtain cavity;
providing coupling lenses with the same number as the lasers and installing the coupling lenses on the other side of the light curtain cavity;
providing the same number of photoelectric detectors as the coupling lenses, installing the photoelectric detectors outside the target chamber, and connecting the photoelectric detectors with the coupling lenses through optical fibers;
debugging voltage acquisition equipment;
setting parameters of the voltage acquisition equipment, including acquisition duration, sampling rate and triggering mode;
the laser and the photoelectric detector are electrified, the laser emits laser to the other side of the light curtain cavity, the light path of the laser is perpendicular to the axial direction of the outlet channel of the emitter to form a light curtain, the coupling lens receives and focuses the corresponding optical signal emitted by the laser and transmits the optical signal to the photoelectric detector through the optical fiber, and the photoelectric detector receives the optical signal and converts the optical signal into an electrical signal; the voltage acquisition equipment acquires the electric signal;
and the 10 nm-level particles flying out through the outlet channel of the emitter enter the light curtain cavity and pass through the light curtain, when the 10 nm-level particles pass through the light curtain, the photoelectric detector detects a light subtraction signal, and a detection result is obtained according to the change of the electric signal.
10. The method for 10 nm-scale particle detection for ballistic target testing according to claim 9, wherein: before testing, whether the laser spots all fall into the effective areas of the corresponding coupling lenses is detected, if so, the testing is carried out, otherwise, the light path is adjusted until the laser spots all fall into the effective areas of the corresponding coupling lenses.
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