CN111504753A - General corrosive agent and corrosion method for gamma' phase and depletion layer metallographic structure of corrosion-resistant high-temperature alloy - Google Patents
General corrosive agent and corrosion method for gamma' phase and depletion layer metallographic structure of corrosion-resistant high-temperature alloy Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a general corrosive agent for gamma' phase and depleted layer metallographic structures of corrosion-resistant high-temperature alloy and a corrosion method, and belongs to the technical field of high-temperature alloy detection. The corrosion-resistant high-temperature alloy corrosive agent comprises: the base solution is prepared from hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 30-40% and distilled water, potassium metabisulfite and salt, wherein the salt is ferric chloride or ammonium bifluoride. The invention can corrode various high-temperature alloys, has high universality, can simultaneously show the grain size, a depletion layer and a gamma' phase of an alloy sample, can directly observe and analyze the morphology of an alloy structure, is very simple and convenient to operate, is very simple in corrosion method, can complete corrosion only by placing the sample in a corrosive agent and shaking for dozens of seconds, and has extremely high working efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-temperature alloy detection, in particular to a general corrosive agent and a corrosion method for gold phase structures of a gamma 'phase and a depletion layer of a corrosion-resistant high-temperature alloy, which are used for metallographic display of a depletion layer, the gamma' phase and the grain size of the corrosion-resistant high-temperature alloy.
Background
The corrosion-resistant high-temperature alloy with high cobalt, high chromium, high molybdenum, high iron and the like is a key material for manufacturing a high-temperature part of an engine in aviation, and the observation of the microstructure of the material through corrosion metallographic phase is one of means for understanding the physical and chemical properties of the material. The existing domestic and overseas related corrosion methods mainly refer to ASTM E407, aiming at the appearance of the depleted layer, the gamma ' phase and the grain size of high-temperature alloys of different brands, the poor layer, the gamma ' phase and the grain size of the high-temperature alloys are generally electrolyzed in concentrated phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid solution, oxalic acid or nitric acid aqueous solution, or soaked in saturated picric acid, ferric chloride or cupric chloride hydrochloric acid solution for corrosion, or boiled and corroded by potassium permanganate or sulfuric acid aqueous solution, the corrosion methods have the problems of various corrosion formulas, complex solution preparation and difficult corrosion of metallographic structures, and the grain size, the depleted layer and the gamma ' phase of the high-temperature alloys of the same brand can not be simultaneously shown after corrosion in one corrosion formula.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a general corrosive agent for gold phase structures of a gamma 'phase and a depletion layer of a corrosion-resistant high-temperature alloy and a corrosion method, and aims to solve the problems that the conventional high-temperature alloy corrosion has poor universality and cannot show a grain size, a depletion layer and a gamma' phase at the same time.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the corrosion-resistant high-temperature alloy corrosive comprises base liquid, pyrosulfite and salt, wherein the base liquid is prepared from 30-40 wt% of hydrochloric acid and distilled water according to the volume ratio of 1 (0.5-10), the ratio of the base liquid to the potassium pyrosulfite is 100m L (0.5-2) g, the ratio of the base liquid to the salt is 100m L (1-4) g, and the salt is ferric chloride or ammonium bifluoride.
The invention uses basic liquid prepared by hydrochloric acid and distilled water as basic reagent of corrosive, then adds pyrosulfite, utilizes metabisulfite ion S2O5 2-Releasing SO in acidic medium2、H2S and H2Gas, in which SO2Plays a role of non-passivation factor on the passivated surface, avoids the influence of the sample surface passivation on the corrosion efficiency, and simultaneously H2S provides S2-And Fe, Ni, Co and Mo elements in the superalloy sample to be corroded. By forming films of different thicknessesThe layers are optically reflective to show a colored texture, e.g., carbides are generally white in color, the matrix is colored, and the different phases can be distinguished directly by color under a light mirror. According to the invention, hydrochloric acid is selected as corrosive acid, which is inorganic acid, contains small chlorine ion atom radius, has strong corrosivity and permeability on a matrix, and can avoid bad corrosion effect caused by passivation of the matrix by using oxyacids such as sulfuric acid and nitric acid. In addition, the invention also adds salt: ferric chloride or ammonium hydrofluoric acid, ferric chloride and ammonium bifluoride are mainly used for corroding matrix tissues, and for corrosion-resistant high-temperature alloy, the contents of Fe and Ni elements are high, for example, Fe element is taken as an example, Fe element can be added to enable Fe to be added3+The alloy has a replacement reaction with elements in the high-temperature alloy, and the reaction principle is Fe3++Fe→Fe2+，Fe3++ Cu→Cu2++Fe2 +(ii) a The reason for adding the ammonium bifluoride is that the content of Co element in the corrosion-resistant high-temperature alloy is higher, and OH is generated by the reaction of the ammonium bifluoride and acid-，OH-Easily react with Co element. Thus, the reaction rate of the γ 'phase and the corrosion development of the γ' phase can be effectively accelerated, and the corrosion is usually completed within 10 seconds.
Metabisulfites include, but are not limited to, potassium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, and the like.
Further, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the volume ratio of the hydrochloric acid to the distilled water in the base solution is 1 (0.5-2) g.
Furthermore, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the base liquid to the potassium metabisulfite is 100m L (1-2) g, and the ratio of the base liquid to the salt is 100m L (1-2) g.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the corrosion-resistant superalloy is a high-chromium superalloy, a high-molybdenum superalloy, a high-iron superalloy, or a high-cobalt superalloy.
The invention can be used for corroding various high-temperature alloys such as high-chromium high-temperature alloy, high-molybdenum high-temperature alloy, high-iron high-temperature alloy, high-cobalt high-temperature alloy and the like, has strong universality, avoids the problem that the existing corrosive needs to be prepared into different corrosive agents respectively aiming at different grades of alloys, is more convenient and simpler to operate, saves the cost of raw materials, and has good corrosion effect.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the chromium content of the high-chromium superalloy is 32.0-35.0 wt%, the molybdenum content of the high-molybdenum superalloy is 9.0-10.5 wt%, the iron content of the high-iron superalloy is 17.0-20.0 wt%, and the cobalt content of the high-cobalt superalloy is 16.5-38 wt%.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the corrosion-resistant superalloy is a high-chromium superalloy, a high-molybdenum superalloy, or a high-iron superalloy, the salt is ferric chloride, and the ratio of the base solution to the salt is 100m L (1-2) g.
Furthermore, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the corrosion-resistant superalloy is a high-cobalt superalloy, the salt is ammonium hydrofluoride, and the ratio of the base liquid to the salt is 100m L (2-4) g.
The corrosion-resistant high-temperature alloy corrosion agent is adopted for corrosion.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the etching method includes: polishing the corrosion-resistant high-temperature alloy sample, clamping the corrosion-resistant high-temperature alloy sample, shaking the corrosion-resistant high-temperature alloy sample in a corrosive agent for 10-30s, taking out the sample after a color film layer appears on the surface of the sample, and cleaning and drying the sample.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention can corrode various high-temperature alloys, has high universality, can simultaneously show the grain size, a depletion layer and a gamma' phase of an alloy sample, can directly observe and analyze the morphology of an alloy structure, is very simple and convenient to operate, is very simple in corrosion method, can complete corrosion only by placing the sample in a corrosive agent and shaking for dozens of seconds, and has extremely high working efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the GH2787 over-etched microstructure after etching in comparative example 1;
FIG. 2 shows GH2787 over-etched microstructure after etching in comparative example 2;
FIG. 3 shows the grain size structure of GH2787 after corrosion in comparative example 3;
FIG. 4 shows GH2787 microstructure after etching in example 1;
FIG. 5 shows the gamma' phase of GH2787 microstructure after etching in example 1;
FIG. 6 shows the microstructure of comparative example 4 after oxalic acid electrolysis at B50TF279 after etching;
FIG. 7 is the B50TF279 microstructure after etching of example 2;
FIG. 8 is the B50TF279 microstructure gamma' phase after etching in example 2;
FIG. 9 shows the GH141 depleted layer structure after etching in comparative example 5;
FIG. 10 shows the GH141 depleted layer structure after etching in example 3;
FIG. 11 is the gamma prime phase of GH141 microstructure after etching in example 3;
FIG. 12 shows GH4049 depleted layer structure after etching in comparative example 6;
FIG. 13 shows the GH4049 depleted layer structure after etching in example 4;
FIG. 14 shows GH4049 microstructure after etching in example 4;
FIG. 15 shows the GH4049 depleted layer structure after etching in example 4;
FIG. 16 shows the gamma' phase of GH4049 microstructure after etching in example 4;
FIG. 17 shows GH536 microstructure after etching in comparative example 6;
FIG. 18 shows GH536 microstructure after etching in example 5;
FIG. 19 shows the gamma' phase of GH536 microstructure after etching in example 5;
FIG. 20 shows a GH625 microstructure depleted layer after corrosion in comparative example 7;
FIG. 21 is a GH625 microstructure after etching of example 6;
FIG. 22 shows the gamma' phase of GH625 microstructure after etching in example 6.
FIG. 23 shows GH4648 microstructure depleted layer after corrosion in comparative example 8;
FIG. 24 shows GH4648 microstructure after etching in comparative example 8;
FIG. 25 is the GH4648 microstructure after corrosion of example 7;
FIG. 26 is the gamma' phase of GH4648 microstructure after etching in example 7.
FIG. 27 shows GH4169 microstructure after etching of comparative example 9;
FIG. 28 is the GH4169 microstructure after etching of example 8;
FIG. 29 shows the gamma' phase of GH4169 microstructure after etching in example 8.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with embodiments, which are included to explain the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
Samples of the alloys used in the following examples of the invention are summarized in table 1.
TABLE 1
Example 1:
the corrosion-resistant high-temperature alloy corrosive agent comprises base liquid, potassium metabisulfite and ferric chloride, wherein the base liquid is prepared from 30% hydrochloric acid and distilled water according to the volume ratio of 1: 10, the ratio of the base liquid to the potassium metabisulfite is 100m L: 0.5g, and the ratio of the base liquid to the ferric chloride is 100m L: 1 g.
Example 2:
the corrosion-resistant high-temperature alloy corrosive agent comprises base liquid, potassium metabisulfite and ammonium bifluoride, wherein the base liquid is prepared from hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 40% and distilled water according to the volume ratio of 1: 1, the ratio of the base liquid to the potassium metabisulfite is 100m L: 1g, and the ratio of the base liquid to the ammonium bifluoride is 100m L: 1 g.
Example 3:
the corrosion-resistant high-temperature alloy corrosive agent comprises base liquid, potassium metabisulfite and ammonium bifluoride, wherein the base liquid is prepared from 35% hydrochloric acid and distilled water according to the volume ratio of 1: 1, the ratio of the base liquid to the potassium metabisulfite is 100m L: 2g, and the ratio of the base liquid to the ammonium bifluoride is 100m L:2 g.
Example 4:
the corrosion-resistant high-temperature alloy corrosive agent comprises base liquid, potassium metabisulfite and ammonium bifluoride, wherein the base liquid is prepared from hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 30-40% and distilled water according to the volume ratio of 1: 1, the ratio of the base liquid to the potassium metabisulfite is 100m L: 1.5g, and the ratio of the base liquid to the ammonium bifluoride is 100m L: 1.5 g.
Example 5:
the corrosion-resistant high-temperature alloy corrosive agent comprises base liquid, potassium metabisulfite and ferric chloride, wherein the base liquid is prepared from 35% hydrochloric acid and distilled water according to the volume ratio of 1: 0.5, the ratio of the base liquid to the potassium metabisulfite is 100m L: 2g, and the ratio of the base liquid to the ferric chloride is 100m L:2 g.
Example 6:
the corrosion-resistant high-temperature alloy corrosive agent comprises base liquid, potassium metabisulfite and ferric chloride, wherein the base liquid is prepared from 35% hydrochloric acid and distilled water according to the volume ratio of 1: 0.5, the ratio of the base liquid to the potassium metabisulfite is 100m L: 1g, and the ratio of the base liquid to the ferric chloride is 100m L: 1 g.
Example 7:
the corrosion-resistant high-temperature alloy corrosive agent comprises base liquid, potassium metabisulfite and ferric chloride, wherein the base liquid is prepared from 35% hydrochloric acid and distilled water according to the volume ratio of 1: 2, the ratio of the base liquid to the potassium metabisulfite is 100m L: 2g, and the ratio of the base liquid to the ferric chloride is 100m L: 1 g.
Example 8:
the corrosion-resistant high-temperature alloy corrosive agent comprises base liquid, potassium metabisulfite and ferric chloride, wherein the base liquid is prepared from hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 30-40% and distilled water according to the volume ratio of 1: 1, the ratio of the base liquid to the potassium metabisulfite is 100m L: 1.5g, and the ratio of the base liquid to the ferric chloride is 100m L:2 g.
Experimental example 1: GH2787 high temperature alloy corrosion
In this experimental example, a corrosion experiment was performed on a GH2787 superalloy by using the corrosive agent of example 1, and comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 were provided.
Comparative example 1: according to FeCl3: HCl: preparing corrosive liquid by using 10g of alcohol, 30ml of alcohol and 20ml of alcoholPutting the sample with the polishing surface facing upwards into a ceramic crucible filled with corrosive liquid for soaking and corroding for 10-40 s.
Comparative example 2: and (4) electrolyzing oxalic acid. Electrolyzing and corroding with supersaturated oxalic acid water solution at voltage of 2-3V and current of 0.2-0.4A for 10-30 s.
The experimental method of this example: according to the corrosion method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the corrosion-resistant high-temperature alloy sample is polished, then the corrosion-resistant high-temperature alloy sample is clamped and shaken in the corrosive agent for 10-30s, and the sample is taken out after a color film layer appears on the surface of the sample, cleaned and dried. The experiment was performed in a ventilated environment. The cleaning is carried out by using clean water and alcohol.
Fig. 1 and 2 are corrosion results of comparative example 1, fig. 3 is corrosion results of comparative example 2, and fig. 4 and 5 are corrosion results of example 1 of the present invention.
As can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2, comparative example 1 employs FeCl in a high concentration3The GH2787 high-temperature alloy is corroded by the main-component corrosion solution, and excessive corrosion appears. As can be seen from fig. 3, in comparative example 2 in which electrolytic etching was performed using oxalic acid, only the grain size was observed, and the depleted layer and the γ' phase were not shown. As can be seen from fig. 4 and 5, the etchant of example 1 of the present invention can clearly observe the grain structure and the γ' phase.
Experimental example 2: b50TF279 superalloy Corrosion
In this example, the corrosive agent of example 2 was used to perform a corrosion test on the B50TF279 superalloy, and a comparative example 3 was also provided.
Comparative example 3: and (4) electrolyzing oxalic acid. Electrolyzing and corroding with supersaturated oxalic acid water solution at voltage of 2-3V and current of 0.2-0.4A for 10-30 s.
The experimental method was the same as in experimental example 1.
Fig. 6 is a graph showing the corrosion results of comparative example 3, and fig. 7 and 8 are corrosion results of example 2.
Only grain size was observed from fig. 6, matrix γ' phase not appearing; as can be seen from fig. 7 and 8, the etchant of example 2 of the present invention can clearly observe the grain structure and the cubic γ' phase.
Experimental example 3: corrosion of GH141 high temperature alloys
In this experimental example, a corrosion experiment was performed on a GH141 superalloy using the corrosive agent of example 3, and a comparative example 4 was also provided.
Comparative example 4 electrolytic etching was carried out using a solution prepared from 10g of phosphoric acid, 50m of sulfuric acid L and 40m of nitric acid L at a voltage of 2V and a current of 0.2-0.4A for a period of 10-30 s.
The experimental method was the same as in experimental example 1.
Fig. 9 to 10 are corrosion results of comparative example 4, and fig. 11 and 12 are corrosion results of example 3.
As can be seen from fig. 9, the electrolytes used in comparative example 4 are all strong acids, and there are phenomena such as smoking during the electrolysis process, which are harmful to health, and the embedded phenolic resin is liable to react with the electrolytes. As can be seen from FIG. 10, the thickness of the depletion layer after etching in comparative example 4 is about 18 μm. As can be seen from fig. 11 and 12, the etchant of example 3 of the present invention can clearly observe the grain structure and the γ' phase, the thickness profile of the depletion layer in fig. 11 is consistent with that in fig. 10, and the experimental process has mild reaction without generating smoke.
Experimental example 4: GH4049 high temperature alloy corrosion
In this experimental example, an experiment for etching a GH4049 superalloy was carried out using the etchant of example 4, and a comparative example 5 was also provided.
Comparative example 5: and (4) electrolytic corrosion of oxalic acid. Electrolyzing and corroding with supersaturated oxalic acid water solution at voltage of 2-3V and current of 0.2-0.4A for 10-30 s.
The experimental method was the same as in experimental example 1.
FIG. 13 shows the results of corrosion in comparative example 5, and FIGS. 14, 15 and 16 show the results of corrosion in example 4.
From fig. 13, the matrix γ' phase of comparative example 5 can be observed, but the sample has significant edge effect and no depletion layer is observed. Clear depletion layers and grain sizes were observed from fig. 14 and 15, with a depletion layer thickness of about 41 μm, and fig. 16 shows the matrix cubic primary γ 'phase and the secondary spherical γ' phase.
Experimental example 5: GH536 high temperature alloy corrosion
In this experimental example, the etching agent of example 5 was used to perform an etching experiment on the GH536 superalloy.
Comparative example 6: high concentration FeCl3 solution corrodes.
The experimental method was the same as in experimental example 1.
FIG. 17 shows the results of corrosion in comparative example 6, and FIGS. 18 to 19 show the results of corrosion in example 5.
Only grain size was observed from fig. 17, matrix γ' phase not appearing; it can be seen from fig. 18 to 19 that the etchant of example 5 of the present invention clearly observed the grain structure and the γ' phase.
Experimental example 6: corrosion of GH625 high-temperature alloy
In this experimental example, a corrosion test was performed on a GH625 superalloy using the corrosive agent of example 6.
The experimental method was the same as in experimental example 1.
Comparative example 7: and (4) electrolytic corrosion of oxalic acid. Electrolyzing and corroding with supersaturated oxalic acid water solution at voltage of 2-3V and current of 0.2-0.4A for 10-30 s.
FIG. 20 shows the results of corrosion in comparative example 7, and FIGS. 21 and 22 show the results of corrosion in example 6.
In FIG. 20, grain size and depleted layer are observed, edge effect is present in the sample, relief is present in the depleted layer, and in FIGS. 21 and 22, depleted layer is observed, with a thickness of about 18 μm, grain size and γ' phase.
Experimental example 7: GH4648 high temperature alloy corrosion
In this experimental example, the etching agent of example 7 was used to perform an etching experiment on the GH4648 superalloy.
The experimental method was the same as in experimental example 1.
Comparative example 8: high concentration FeCl3 solution corrodes. According to FeCl3: HCl: preparing an etching solution with the alcohol content of 10g, the volume of 30ml and the volume of 20ml, placing the sample with the polishing surface facing upwards into a ceramic crucible filled with the etching solution, soaking and etching for 10-40 s.
Fig. 23 and 24 are corrosion results of comparative example 8, and fig. 25 and 26 are corrosion results of example 7.
From FIG. 23, the depletion layer was observed, but the grain boundaries were unclear, and the matrix structure was observed as an artifact after magnification, as shown in FIG. 24. From FIGS. 25 and 26, it can be seen that the depletion layer is observed, the thickness of the depletion layer is about 24 μm, the grain size and the gamma prime phase.
Experimental example 8: GH4169 high temperature alloy corrosion
In the experimental example, the corrosive agent in the example 8 is used for carrying out corrosion experiments on the GH4169 high-temperature alloy.
The experimental method was the same as in experimental example 1.
Comparative example 9: high concentration FeCl3 solution corrodes. According to FeCl3: HCl: preparing an etching solution with the alcohol content of 10g, the volume of 30ml and the volume of 20ml, placing the sample with the polishing surface facing upwards into a ceramic crucible filled with the etching solution, soaking and etching for 10-40 s.
Fig. 27 shows the corrosion results of comparative example 9, and fig. 28 and 29 show the corrosion results of example 8.
Only grain size was observed from fig. 27, matrix γ' phase not appearing; as can be seen from fig. 28 to 29, the etchant of example 8 of the present invention can clearly observe the grain structure and the γ' phase.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. The general corrosive agent for the gamma' phase and depleted layer metallographic structure of the corrosion-resistant high-temperature alloy is characterized by comprising base liquid, pyrosulfite and salt, wherein the base liquid is prepared from hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 30-40 wt% and distilled water according to the volume ratio of 1 (0.5-10), the ratio of the base liquid to the potassium pyrosulfite is 100m L (0.5-2) g, the ratio of the base liquid to the salt is 100m L (1-4) g, and the salt is ferric chloride or ammonium bifluoride.
2. The general corrosive agent for the gamma prime phase and depleted layer metallographic structure of the corrosion-resistant high-temperature alloy according to claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of hydrochloric acid to distilled water in the base liquid is 1 (0.5-2).
3. The corrosion-resistant high-temperature alloy gamma' -phase and depleted layer metallographic structure general corrosive agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ratio of the base liquid to the potassium metabisulfite is 100m L (1-2) g, and the ratio of the base liquid to the salt is 100m L (1-2) g.
4. The general etchant for the gamma prime and depleted metallographic structure of a corrosion resistant superalloy according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the corrosion resistant superalloy is a high chromium superalloy, a high molybdenum superalloy, a high iron superalloy or a high cobalt superalloy.
5. The general etchant for the gamma prime and depleted metallographic structure of a corrosion resistant superalloy according to claim 4, wherein the high chromium superalloy has a chromium content of 32.0-35.0 wt%, the high molybdenum superalloy has a molybdenum content of 9.0-10.5 wt%, the high iron superalloy has an iron content of 17.0-20.0 wt%, and the high cobalt superalloy has a cobalt content of 16.5-38 wt%.
6. The general corrosive agent for the gamma prime phase and depleted layer metallographic structure of the corrosion-resistant high-temperature alloy according to claim 4, wherein the corrosion-resistant high-temperature alloy is a high-chromium high-temperature alloy, a high-molybdenum high-temperature alloy or a high-iron high-temperature alloy, the salt is ferric chloride, and the ratio of the base liquid to the salt is 100m L (1-2) g.
7. The general corrosive agent for the gamma prime phase and depleted layer metallographic structure of the corrosion-resistant high-temperature alloy according to claim 4, wherein the corrosion-resistant high-temperature alloy is a high-cobalt high-temperature alloy, the salt is ammonium hydrofluoride, and the ratio of the base liquid to the salt is 100m L (2-4) g.
8. A general corrosion method for the gamma prime phase and the depleted layer metallographic structure of a corrosion-resistant high-temperature alloy is characterized in that the general corrosive for the gamma prime phase and the depleted layer metallographic structure of the corrosion-resistant high-temperature alloy disclosed by any one of claims 1 to 6 is adopted.
9. The general corrosion method for corrosion resistant superalloy gamma prime and depleted layer metallographic structures of claim 8, comprising: polishing the corrosion-resistant high-temperature alloy sample, clamping the corrosion-resistant high-temperature alloy sample, shaking the corrosion-resistant high-temperature alloy sample in a corrosive agent for 10-30s, taking out the sample after a color film layer appears on the surface of the sample, and cleaning and drying the sample.
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| CN113061892A (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2021-07-02 | 本钢板材股份有限公司 | Metallographic measurement method for martensite area content of ferrite-martensite dual-phase steel |
| CN114002221A (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-02-01 | 中国航发贵州黎阳航空动力有限公司 | GH4169 alloy semi-finished product blade carbonitride display method |
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