CN111504647A - AR-MSET-based performance degradation evaluation method for rolling bearing - Google Patents

AR-MSET-based performance degradation evaluation method for rolling bearing Download PDF

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CN111504647A
CN111504647A CN202010516225.8A CN202010516225A CN111504647A CN 111504647 A CN111504647 A CN 111504647A CN 202010516225 A CN202010516225 A CN 202010516225A CN 111504647 A CN111504647 A CN 111504647A
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mset
performance degradation
rolling bearing
fault
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张龙
吴荣真
黄婧
徐天鹏
宋成洋
王良
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East China Jiaotong University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00Testing of machine parts
    • G01M13/04Bearings
    • G01M13/045Acoustic or vibration analysis
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2119/00Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
    • G06F2119/04Ageing analysis or optimisation against ageing

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Abstract

The invention discloses a performance degradation evaluation method of a rolling bearing based on AR-MSET. Firstly, extracting vibration signal characteristics of a rolling bearing in a normal running state by using an autoregressive timing model (AR), constructing a historical memory matrix of a Multivariate State Estimation (MSET) model by using a faultless AR model coefficient, inputting the AR coefficient of a signal to be measured into the MSET model as an observation vector, performing optimal reconstruction estimation to obtain an estimation vector, respectively substituting the observation vector and the estimation vector into the AR model of the signal to be measured to obtain respective residual sequences, obtaining the Difference (DR) between the root mean square values of the residual sequences of the observation vector and the estimation vector, and simultaneously setting an adaptive pre-alarm threshold.

Description

AR-MSET-based performance degradation evaluation method for rolling bearing
Technical Field
The invention relates to an AR-MSET-based rolling bearing performance degradation evaluation method, and belongs to the technical field of mechanical product quality reliability evaluation and fault diagnosis.
Background
The performance of a rolling bearing, which is one of the key components of a rotating machine, directly determines the performance of the machine. Once a fault occurs, the normal safe operation of mechanical equipment is directly influenced, and even serious safety accidents are caused. Therefore, the method has great significance on the in-service state detection and performance degradation evaluation of the rolling bearing. Reducing the cost of down time and achieving near zero down time are the ultimate goals of pre-diagnostics. However, without accurate prediction of remaining useful life before an actual failure, it is not possible to achieve all the advantages of pre-diagnosis. Inaccurate predictive information may lead to unnecessary maintenance, such as early replacement of components, etc. Therefore, the accuracy of the prediction of the residual service life plays a crucial role in fully realizing the potential of predicted maintenance.
Proper state feature extraction of the signals of the equipment is a prerequisite for fault diagnosis and prediction. The vibration signal is widely used because of its advantages of large information amount and easy collection. Common device state feature extraction based on vibration signals can be classified into time domain statistical analysis (root mean square value, kurtosis, skewness), frequency domain analysis (amplitude spectrum analysis, cepstrum analysis), time-frequency domain analysis (quadratic time-frequency distribution, wavelet analysis), time sequence model analysis (autoregressive moving average model, autoregressive time sequence model), and the like. Among them, the time-series model analysis method, especially the Autoregressive (AR) model analysis method, has model parameters that have the capability of representing the system state and have high sensitivity to the state change of the system, and thus is widely applied in the field of fault diagnosis. Early failure identification of the rolling bearing is realized by combining an AR model and spectral kurtosis from flying clouds and the like. Cheng et al, using EMD as a signal preprocessing method before AR model generation, combine the obtained IMF-AR model with a support vector machine, and the result shows that the gear state can be accurately identified under the condition of a small amount of samples.
The essence of the performance degradation assessment is to perform similarity measurement between the sample signal to be measured and the fault-free reference model. In recent years, performance degradation evaluation Models of some probability similarities are proposed in succession, such as Hidden Markov Models (HMMs), Gaussian Mixed Models (GMMs), and the like. The core based on the probabilistic similarity evaluation Model is to establish a density Model under a fault-free condition and detect abnormality according to the density Model, for example, a Quaternary cloud and the like acquire the optimal degradation state number of equipment through a Dirichlet Process Mixed Model (DPMM), establish a Continuous Hidden Markov Model (CHMM) of the equipment, and take the probability value of an observer belonging to the CHMM as a bearing performance degradation value. The performance degradation estimation is carried out on the bearing by utilizing the wavelet packet entropy and the GMM model in Liweihua and the like, and the result shows that the method can effectively reflect the performance degradation process of the bearing in the whole life cycle.
The probability similarity evaluation model based on feature extraction expects deep information mining on corresponding data through a proper signal processing method to improve the sensitivity, consistency and the like of features on fault degree, but in practical application, the problems of complex ① calculation, complex training and testing processes of GMM, HMM and the like and premature saturation phenomenon ② exist, and when the probability evaluation model method such as HMM shows that the similarity between a sample to be tested and a fault-free reference model is zero, the condition that equipment does not completely enter a real failure state exists, namely a model limit value is earlier than a real failure value.
The core of the performance degradation evaluation model based on reconstruction is to reconstruct data to be measured through a fault-free reference model and measure the performance degradation degree by using the difference of the reconstructed data to be measured. And e.g. Hui, training the self-organizing mapping neural network by using normal sample data, and quantifying the fault degree of the bearing according to the deviation degree of the sample to be tested and the fault-free reference model. The reconstruction model quantifies the fault degree of the test data through reconstruction deviation (such as Euclidean distance), and the phenomenon of premature saturation of the probability similarity evaluation model is effectively avoided.
Based on the method, the invention provides an AR-MSET-based online evaluation method for performance degradation of a rolling bearing. The vibration signal of the rolling bearing is widely adopted due to the advantages of large information amount, easy acquisition and the like, and the initial fault sample can be analyzed by an envelope spectrum analysis method based on adaptive frequency band filtering and envelope demodulation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an AR-MSET-based rolling bearing performance degradation online evaluation method, so that in-service state monitoring and performance degradation evaluation of a rolling bearing are realized, the downtime cost is reduced, and major sudden failures are prevented.
The performance degradation online evaluation method of the rolling bearing of the AR-MSET comprises the following specific steps:
(1) extracting characteristics: establishing an AR model by using a fault-free data sample and a data sample to be measured, respectively obtaining a fault-free sample AR model coefficient and a sample AR model coefficient to be measured, taking the fault-free sample AR model coefficient as a historical observation vector, and taking the sample AR model coefficient to be measured as an observation vectorX obs
(2) Establishing a model: and taking the coefficients of the fault-free sample AR model as historical observation vectors of the MSET model, constructing a historical memory matrix, and establishing the MSET model.
(3) And (3) real-time evaluation: taking the AR model coefficient of the sample to be measured as an observation vectorX obsInputting the data into a MSET model to obtain a reconstructed AR model coefficient, namely an estimated vectorX estWill estimate the vectorX estAnd the observation vectorX obsAnd respectively substituting the residual sequences into an AR model of a sample signal to be detected, and obtaining respective residual sequences through time sequence modeling, so as to obtain the root mean square value Difference (DR) of the two residual sequences of the performance degradation index, and drawing a performance degradation curve of the rolling bearing.
Preferably, the specific content of the extracted features is as follows:
(a) establishing an AR model by using the first 100 groups of non-fault samples and the 982 groups of samples to be tested in the whole life cycle;
(b) and extracting autoregressive coefficients and residual errors of the AR model, determining the order of the AR model to be 30 according to a BIC (building information center) criterion, taking the autoregressive coefficients of the first 100 groups of fault-free samples as historical observation vectors, and taking the autoregressive coefficients of 982 groups of samples to be measured in the full life cycle as the observation vectors input into the MSET model.
Preferably, the specific content of the modeling is as follows:
and (3) using the autoregressive coefficients of the first 100 groups of fault-free samples as historical observation vectors to construct a historical memory matrix and establish an MEST model.
Preferably, the real-time evaluation comprises the following specific contents:
after the MSET model is established, auto-regression coefficients of 982 groups of samples to be measured in the full life cycle are taken as observation vectors and sequentially input into the MSET model to obtain observation vectors (namely reconstructed auto-regression coefficients), the observation vectors are substituted into the AR model of the original sample signal to be measured, a reconstructed residual sequence can be obtained through time sequence modeling, finally, the difference value of the RMS of the reconstructed residual sequence and the RMS of the original signal to be measured residual sequence is calculated, so that the DR index of the fault degree can be obtained, and a performance degradation curve is drawn.
The result verification of the rolling bearing performance degradation evaluation method based on the multivariate state estimation model is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(a) determining the performance degradation starting time of the rolling bearing by using a 3 sigma criterion in statistics, and when the DR value of continuous 3 samples to be measured exceeds an early warning threshold value T (te) at the time of te, determining that the performance of the rolling bearing is changed;
(b) the kurtosis is used as a fault degree index of a bearing full-life fatigue test, comparative analysis is carried out, and the superiority of the bearing full-life fatigue test is verified;
(c) verifying the reliability of the obtained performance degradation curve by using a bearing accelerated fatigue test;
(d) and verifying the correctness of the evaluation result after analyzing the sample signal to be tested by using an envelope spectrum analysis method based on adaptive frequency band filtering and envelope demodulation.
Has the advantages that:
according to the characteristics of vibration signals in the process of bearing performance degradation, 100 groups of data in a normal state and 982 groups of sample data to be measured in a full life cycle are respectively subjected to characteristic extraction, an AR model is built, AR model coefficients of two types of samples are obtained, the AR model coefficients of the samples in the normal state are used as historical observation vectors, a historical memory matrix is built, and an MSET model is built. The method comprises the steps of inputting an AR model coefficient of a sample to be detected into an MSET model as an observation vector Xobs to obtain a reconstructed AR model coefficient, namely an estimated vector Xest, inputting the reconstructed AR model coefficient obtained through AR and MSET and the AR model coefficient of the sample to be detected into the AR model of the sample to be detected to obtain a reconstructed residual sequence, and calculating the difference value between the RMS of the reconstructed residual sequence and the RMS of the original signal to be detected residual sequence to obtain a fault degree DR index.
(1) The autoregressive coefficient of the AR model is used as an input feature, and the AR model is used for extracting the feature of the rolling bearing vibration signal, so that the data dimension can be effectively reduced;
(2) inputting the reconstructed AR model coefficient obtained by AR and MSET and the AR model coefficient of the sample to be detected into the AR model of the sample to be detected to obtain a reconstructed residual sequence, and calculating the difference value between the RMS of the reconstructed residual sequence and the RMS of the original signal to be detected residual sequence to obtain a fault degree DR index, wherein the DR index combines the advantages of the two indexes, has the capacity of representing the fault degree, can find early faults of the bearing in time, and can accurately reflect each stage of the performance degradation of the rolling bearing;
(3) the performance degradation curve described by the performance degradation evaluation method of the rolling bearing based on the AR-MSET has the consistency advantage with the degradation trend;
(4) the rolling bearing performance degradation evaluation method based on the AR-MSET has the most prominent advantages that the method does not need full life cycle data and can realize online real-time monitoring and evaluation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of evaluation of the degree of failure of a rolling bearing;
FIG. 2 is a kurtosis index performance degradation evaluation curve;
FIG. 3 shows the results of AR-MSET performance degradation evaluation;
fig. 4 is an envelope demodulation diagram of No.536 samples.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
test sample data of the embodiment is provided by an intelligent maintenance center of the university of Cincinnati, the total service life cycle acquires 984 data files, and finally, serious outer ring faults occur in the bearing, so that bearing vibration signals of last 2 groups of abnormal bearings are removed.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, which is an evaluation flowchart of the present invention, the performance degradation evaluation method of a rolling bearing of a basic AR-MSET specifically includes the following steps:
(1) extracting characteristics: the method comprises the steps of establishing an AR model by using the first 100 groups of non-fault samples and the 982 groups of samples to be tested in the full life cycle, extracting autoregressive coefficients and residual errors by using the AR model, determining the order of the AR model to be 20 according to a BIC criterion, using the autoregressive coefficients of the first 100 groups of non-fault samples as historical observation vectors, and using the autoregressive coefficients of the 982 groups of samples to be tested in the full life cycle as observation vectors input into an MSET model.
(2) Establishing a model: and (3) taking the AR model coefficients of the first 100 groups of fault-free data samples as historical observation vectors, and constructing a historical memory matrix of the MSET model according to the historical observation vectors.
(3) And (4) evaluation results: and sequentially inputting autoregressive coefficients of 982 groups of samples to be detected in the full life cycle as observation vectors into an MSET (modeling robust features) model to obtain observation vectors (namely autoregressive coefficients after reconstruction), substituting the observation vectors into an AR (augmented reality) model of original signals of the samples to be detected, obtaining a residual sequence after reconstruction through time sequence modeling, and finally calculating the difference value of the RMS of the residual sequence after reconstruction and the RMS of the residual sequence of the original signals to be detected to obtain a fault degree DR index and draw a performance degradation curve.
It can be seen from fig. 2 that the result obtained by using kurtosis as the indicator of the degree of failure is that the kurtosis value at 3 consecutive time instants after the 646 th sample is greater than or equal to the adaptive alarm threshold, and the 646 th sample can be considered as the initial failure time instant.
It can be seen from fig. 3 that by using the AR-MSET evaluation method, after the 536 th sample, the DR value of the test sample at 3 consecutive times is greater than or equal to the adaptive pre-warning threshold, which indicates that the observation vector at that time has begun to deviate from the history memory matrix, and the bearing begins to have an early failure. The consistency of the performance degradation trend and the degradation curve is better than that of the former method, the 696 th sample reaches a moderate fault degree, and a process of 'fault smoothing-redecoration' occurs, so that the curve fluctuates back and forth, the curve rises sharply at the 902 th sample, and the bearing performance is deteriorated sharply.
(4) And (4) verifying the evaluation result: in order to verify the correctness of the evaluation result of the 536 th sample when the initial fault occurs, the original signal of the 536 th sample data is subjected to adaptive frequency band filtering by using the peak factor of the envelope spectrum as an optimization index, and then the obtained filtered signal is subjected to envelope spectrum analysis, and the result is shown in fig. 4. As can be seen from fig. 4, after filtering, noise components in the vibration signal are reduced, a relatively obvious pulse phenomenon appears in a time domain diagram, and a first-frequency doubling 230.5Hz and a second-frequency doubling 460.9 Hz third-frequency doubling 691.4Hz which are close to the outer ring fault frequency appear in an envelope spectrum, so that the outer ring fault of the bearing at this moment can be considered, and the analysis result is consistent with the previous evaluation result.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. The performance degradation evaluation method of the rolling bearing based on the AR-MSET is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
(1) extracting characteristics: establishing an AR model by using a fault-free data sample and a data sample to be measured, determining the order of the AR model by using the BIC criterion, taking the fault-free sample AR model coefficient as a historical observation vector, and taking the sample AR model coefficient to be measured as an observation vector Xobs;
(2) establishing a model: taking the AR model coefficient of the fault-free sample as a historical observation vector of the MSET model, constructing a historical memory matrix, and establishing the MSET model;
(3) and (3) real-time evaluation: and inputting the AR model coefficient of the sample to be tested into the MSET model as an observation vector Xobs to obtain a reconstructed AR model coefficient, namely an estimation vector Xest, respectively substituting the estimation vector Xest and the observation vector Xobs into the AR model of the sample signal to be tested, and obtaining respective residual sequences through time sequence modeling, so as to obtain the root mean square value Difference (DR) of the two residual sequences of the performance degradation index, and drawing a performance degradation curve of the rolling bearing.
2. The method for evaluating the degradation of the performance of an AR-MSET-based rolling bearing according to claim 1, wherein the specific content of the extracted features is:
(a) establishing an AR model by using the first 100 groups of non-fault samples and the 982 groups of samples to be tested in the whole life cycle;
(b) and extracting autoregressive coefficients and residual errors of the AR model, determining the order of the AR model to be 30 according to a BIC (building information center) criterion, taking the autoregressive coefficients of the first 100 groups of fault-free samples as historical observation vectors, and taking the autoregressive coefficients of 982 groups of samples to be measured in the full life cycle as the observation vectors input into the MSET model.
3. The method for evaluating the performance degradation of an AR-MSET-based rolling bearing according to claim 1, wherein the concrete contents of the established model are: and (3) using the autoregressive coefficients of the first 100 groups of fault-free samples as historical observation vectors to construct a historical memory matrix and establish an MEST model.
4. The method for evaluating the performance degradation of an AR-MSET-based rolling bearing according to claim 1, wherein the real-time evaluation specifically comprises: after the MSET model is established, auto-regression coefficients of 982 groups of samples to be measured in the full life cycle are taken as observation vectors and sequentially input into the MSET model to obtain observation vectors (namely reconstructed auto-regression coefficients), the observation vectors are substituted into the AR model of the original sample signal to be measured, a reconstructed residual sequence can be obtained through time sequence modeling, finally, the difference value of the RMS of the reconstructed residual sequence and the RMS of the original signal to be measured residual sequence is calculated, so that the DR index of the fault degree can be obtained, and a performance degradation curve is drawn.
5. Result verification of the rolling bearing performance degradation evaluation method based on the multivariate state estimation model according to claims 1 to 4, characterized by comprising the steps of:
(a) determining the performance degradation starting time of the rolling bearing by using a 3 sigma criterion in statistics, and when the DR value of continuous 3 samples to be measured exceeds an early warning threshold value T (te) at the time of te, determining that the performance of the rolling bearing is changed;
(b) the kurtosis is used as a fault degree index of a bearing full-life fatigue test, comparative analysis is carried out, and the superiority of the bearing full-life fatigue test is verified;
(c) verifying the reliability of the obtained performance degradation curve by using bearing accelerated fatigue test data;
(d) and verifying the correctness of the evaluation result after analyzing the sample signal to be tested by using an envelope spectrum analysis method based on adaptive frequency band filtering and envelope demodulation.
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