CN111501018A - Method for improving coating gain stability of MCP channel by utilizing A L D, A L D-MCP and application - Google Patents

Method for improving coating gain stability of MCP channel by utilizing A L D, A L D-MCP and application Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111501018A
CN111501018A CN202010388763.3A CN202010388763A CN111501018A CN 111501018 A CN111501018 A CN 111501018A CN 202010388763 A CN202010388763 A CN 202010388763A CN 111501018 A CN111501018 A CN 111501018A
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mcp
layer
channel
film
gain stability
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CN111501018B (en
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邱祥彪
孙建宁
张正君
丛晓庆
司曙光
任玲
王兴超
李婧雯
乔芳建
王鹏飞
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North Night Vision Technology Co Ltd
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North Night Vision Technology Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C16/00Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/44Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
    • C23C16/455Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
    • C23C16/45523Pulsed gas flow or change of composition over time
    • C23C16/45525Atomic layer deposition [ALD]
    • C23C16/45527Atomic layer deposition [ALD] characterized by the ALD cycle, e.g. different flows or temperatures during half-reactions, unusual pulsing sequence, use of precursor mixtures or auxiliary reactants or activations
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C16/00Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/02Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C23C16/0272Deposition of sub-layers, e.g. to promote the adhesion of the main coating
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C16/00Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/22Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
    • C23C16/30Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
    • C23C16/40Oxides
    • C23C16/403Oxides of aluminium, magnesium or beryllium
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01JELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J43/00Secondary-emission tubes; Electron-multiplier tubes
    • H01J43/04Electron multipliers
    • H01J43/06Electrode arrangements
    • H01J43/18Electrode arrangements using essentially more than one dynode
    • H01J43/24Dynodes having potential gradient along their surfaces
    • H01J43/246Microchannel plates [MCP]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01JELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J9/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J9/02Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of MCP (micro channel plate), and provides a method for improving the coating gain stability of an MCP channel by utilizing A L D, A L D-MCP and application2O3Before the film layer, a pretreatment layer is firstly manufactured to realize Al2O3Transition between the film layer and the MCP substrate silicon-rich layer, and depositing Al by A L D technique based on the pretreatment layer2O3Thus, Al was deposited as A L D through the pretreatment layer2O3Between the film layer and the MCP substrate silicon-rich layerThe transition of (3) avoids forming interface defect charges, and improves the gain stability of the A L D-MCP.

Description

Method for improving coating gain stability of MCP channel by utilizing A L D, A L D-MCP and application
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microchannel plates, in particular to a method for improving the coating gain stability of an MCP channel by utilizing A L D, which solves the problem of unstable gain of a novel A L D-MCP prepared on the basis of a conventional microchannel plate (MCP) by adopting an atomic layer deposition technology (A L D).
Background
The Microchannel Plate (MCP) is composed of a plurality of (10)4~107) A compact two-dimensional array of Channel Electron Multipliers (CEM), each channel being a channel electron multiplier with a functional layer on the inner wall that emits secondary electrons. When the MCP is in a working state, a certain voltage (hundreds to thousands volts) is applied to two ends of the MCP, an electric field distributed along the axial direction of the channel is formed inside the channel, external low-energy particles (electrons, ions or photons) incident into the microchannel plate collide with the wall at a certain energy and angle to be excited to generate secondary electrons, and the secondary electrons accelerate to advance along the channel towards the output end of the MCP along a parabolic path under the action of the electric field force and collide with the channel wall again in the process to generate the MCPMore new secondary electrons are generated, multiple cascade multiplication is formed in the mode, and finally a large number of electrons are emitted at the output end, so that the electron multiplication function is realized. The MCP has the advantages of small size, light weight, high gain, low noise, good uniformity, high spatial resolution, fast time response and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of night vision technology, space technology, optoelectronics, radiation detection instruments and the like.
The traditional MCP is prepared by manufacturing a silicate leather material glass tube containing lead and bismuth and an acid-soluble core material glass rod, performing processes of wire drawing, screen arrangement, hot melt pressing, slicing, coarse grinding, polishing, corrosion, hydrogen reduction, film coating and the like twice, and forming a qualified product after inspection and testing. In the manufacturing process of the traditional MCP, the cladding glass is required to have good thermal stability and chemical stability, a functional layer with conductive capability and secondary electron emission capability can be formed on the surface layer of the inner wall of a channel after hydrogen burning treatment, and meanwhile, the matching with the core glass is also required to be considered in the aspects of softening temperature, viscosity and the like, so that the limited factors are more. By adjusting the component proportion of the glass and optimizing the preparation process, the improvement of the performance such as gain, service life and the like of the traditional MCP has a plurality of limitations, great difficulty and non-ideal effect.
In order to obtain MCP with high performance parameters such as high gain, low dark count, long life, and the like, researchers have turned their eyes to a novel preparation technique, namely, atomic layer deposition preparation technique, atomic layer deposition (a L D) is a special chemical vapor deposition method, a vapor phase precursor is alternately pulsed into a reaction chamber and is chemically adsorbed and reacted on a substrate to form a deposited film, the reaction belongs to a self-limiting reaction, that is, when one precursor reacts with another precursor to saturation, the reaction is automatically terminated, the self-limiting characteristic of atomic layer growth enables the prepared film to have the characteristics of precise and controllable thickness, good surface uniformity, excellent conformality, and the like, and the MCP is currently widely applied in scientific research and commercial production.
The most common membrane material in the context of A L D-MCP is alumina the reaction of Trimethylaluminum (TMA) with water as a precursor to alumina is one of the most desirable A L D reactions, the equation of which is as follows:
AlOH*+Al(CH3)3→AlOAl(CH3)2*+CH4(1)
Al(CH3)2*+H2O→Al(OH)*+CH4(2)
in the prior art, the gain and the service life of A L D-MCP prepared by preparing an alumina film layer on the conventional MCP are obviously improved, but the corresponding problems also exist, namely the A L D-MCP has the condition of unstable gain, the gain is increased along with the increase of the working time during the initial working of a vacuum device, the gain rising amplitude of a single-chip microchannel plate exceeds 50%, the superimposed gain rising amplitude of a double-chip microchannel plate also exceeds 30%, and the gain stable state can be achieved after a long period of working, and the phenomenon is also called as the positive memory effect in imaging application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving the gain stability of an MCP channel coating by utilizing A L D, which comprises the steps of pretreating an MCP substrate to form a pretreatment layer, and then depositing Al with a high secondary electron emission coefficient by adopting an A L D technology2O3The membrane material, the A L D-MCP made by the method, can obtain better gain stability in the use process.
In the prior art, in general, A L D-MCP is a film material which is prepared in channels on the basis of conventional MCP and has a high secondary electron emission coefficient and uniform thickness throughout the channel film layer, such as Al, by using an atomic layer deposition technology2O3Film materialIts stability and environmental adaptability are good. Direct deposition of Al as used in the prior art2O3The A L D-MCP prepared from the film material has unstable gain when in use, and particularly shows that the gain is increased along with the extension of working time when the A L D-MCP works in a vacuum device during initial working, the gain rise amplitude of a single-chip microchannel plate exceeds 50%, the gain rise amplitude of a double-chip microchannel plate is also exceeds 30%, and the stable gain state can be achieved after a long period of working.
The gain of A L D-MCP deposited with alumina film material is unstable and is related to the defect charge of the interface between the film and the MCP substrate, and the silicon-rich layer on the surface of the MCP substrate is made of SiO2Mainly in SiO2Surface direct Al deposition using A L D2O3Film layer, interface defect charge is generated at the interface, SiO2One side of which forms positive defect charges in Al2O3During the operation of the A L D-MCP, charges need to be continuously extracted from the substrate to supplement the emitted secondary electrons, and when the supplementary electrons pass through the interface, the distribution of the interface charges is affected, so that the disturbance of the electric field is caused, the supplement of the electrons and the emission of the secondary electrons are affected, and the instability of the gain is caused.
In order to solve the problem, the invention provides a method for improving the gain stability of the coating of the MCP channel by utilizing A L D, and Al is deposited on A L D2O3Before the film layer, a pretreatment layer is firstly manufactured to realize the method for improving the gain stability, and the pretreatment layer can be used as A L D to deposit Al2O3The transition between the film layer and the MCP substrate silicon-rich layer avoids forming interface defect charges, and solves the problem of unstable gain of A L D-MCP.
Further, the material of the pretreatment layer is chromium oxide (Cr)2O3)。
Furthermore, the chromium oxide film layer is of a nano-particle structure, the size of nano-particles is between 0.5nm and 20nm, and the overall thickness of the formed film layer is between 1nm and 20 nm.
Further, the chromic oxide nano particles are dispersed in the water/ethanol mixed solution by using ultrasonic waves to form uniform mixed solution, the microchannel plate is placed in the water/ethanol mixed solution, the mixed solution can completely enter the microchannel plate by using an ultrasonic method, the microchannel plate is taken out, redundant mixed solution is removed, and drying is carried out, so that the nano particles can be attached to the inner wall of the channel to form a uniform film layer consisting of the nano particles.
Furthermore, the thickness range of the film layer is controlled by controlling the proportion of water, ethanol and nano particles in the mixed solution.
Further, on the pretreated MCP substrate, Al is deposited on the inner wall of the channel by using trimethyl aluminum and water as precursors through an A L D technology2O3The thickness of the film layer is 1nm-15 nm.
Furthermore, the A L D-MCP can be used in a single chip for enhancing a weak light image or used for a detector of a weak signal in a mode of double-chip V-shaped superposition and three-chip Z-shaped superposition.
It should be understood that all combinations of the foregoing concepts and additional concepts described in greater detail below can be considered as part of the inventive subject matter of this disclosure unless such concepts are mutually inconsistent. In addition, all combinations of claimed subject matter are considered a part of the presently disclosed subject matter.
The foregoing and other aspects, embodiments and features of the present teachings can be more fully understood from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Additional aspects of the present invention, such as features and/or advantages of exemplary embodiments, will be apparent from the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of specific embodiments in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
Drawings
The drawings are not intended to be drawn to scale. In the drawings, each identical or nearly identical component that is illustrated in various figures may be represented by a like numeral. For purposes of clarity, not every component may be labeled in every drawing. Embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of a prior art gain test by Photonics corporation.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of a prior art gain test by Photek.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the membrane structure of A L D-MCP prepared by the invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structural effect of adding a pretreatment layer according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing a comparison of gain stability before and after the technique of the present invention is used
Description of reference numerals:
the method comprises the following steps of 1-microchannel plate substrate, 2-channel inner wall surface functional area, 3-A L D deposited Al2O3 film layer, 4-pretreatment layer, 5-emission layer (silicon-rich layer), 6-transition layer, 7-conducting layer, 8-A L D deposited Al2O3 film layer, 9-pretreatment layer, 10-silicon dioxide layer, 11-A L D-MCP gain test without pretreatment layer, 12-A L D-MCP gain test with pretreatment layer and 13-A L D conventional MCP.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the present invention, specific embodiments are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In this disclosure, aspects of the present invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which a number of illustrative embodiments are shown. Embodiments of the present disclosure are not necessarily intended to include all aspects of the invention. It should be appreciated that the various concepts and embodiments described above, as well as those described in greater detail below, may be implemented in any of numerous ways, as the disclosed concepts and embodiments are not limited to any one implementation. In addition, some aspects of the present disclosure may be used alone, or in any suitable combination with other aspects of the present disclosure.
Referring to fig. 3-4, an exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a method for improving gain stability of MCP channel coating using a L D, which is to deposit Al using a L D technique2O3Before the film layer, a pretreatment layer is made. The specific operation process is shown in combination with FIG. 1In the method, on the basis of the functional layer of the MCP, a pretreatment layer for realizing transition on the silicon-rich layer of the functional layer is firstly prepared, and then Al is deposited on the basis of the pretreatment layer2O3Film layer, so that the pretreatment layer as A L D deposits Al2O3The transition between the film layer and the MCP substrate silicon-rich layer avoids forming interface defect charges, and solves the problem of unstable gain of A L D-MCP.
Preferably, the material of the pretreatment layer is chromium oxide (Cr)2O3). Particularly, the chromium oxide pretreatment layer is of a nano-particle structure, the size of nano-particles is between 0.5nm and 20nm, and the overall thickness of the formed film layer is between 1nm and 20 nm.
Further, in the preparation process, the chromic oxide nano particles are dispersed in the water/ethanol mixed solution by using ultrasonic waves to form uniform mixed solution, the microchannel plate is placed in the water/ethanol mixed solution, the mixed solution can completely enter the microchannel plate by using an ultrasonic method, the microchannel plate is taken out, redundant mixed solution is removed, drying is carried out, the nano particles can be attached to the inner wall of the channel, and a film layer consisting of uniform nano particles is formed. The reaction time is between 30 and 120s, ensuring sufficient adhesion and uniformity. Meanwhile, the reaction time is controlled within 120s in order to ensure the uniformity and the thickness of the film layer.
The reaction time was 120s, as described in the examples below.
Wherein, in the preparation process, the thickness range of the film layer is controlled by controlling the proportion of water, ethanol and nano particles in the mixed solution.
Further, on the pretreated MCP substrate, trimethyl aluminum and water are used as precursors, and Al is deposited on the inner wall of the channel of the microchannel plate through an A L D technology2O3The thickness of the film layer is controlled within the range of 1nm-15nm, so that the high-gain stable microchannel plate structure is manufactured.
In alternative embodiments, the a L D-MCP prepared by the process of the present invention can be used in a weak image intensifier device in a single chip or in a weak signal detector in a double-chip V-shaped superposition or three-chip Z-shaped superposition manner
The foregoing manufacturing process is described in more detail below with reference to specific examples.
In the examples of the present invention, A L D-MCP with a pretreatment layer was prepared by the method of the present invention, and then compared with A L D-MCP without a pretreatment layer.
The process for preparing A L D-MCP with the pretreatment layer according to the scheme of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) taking 2 g of chromic oxide nano particles (the particle size is 2nm-4nm), putting the chromic oxide nano particles into 100ml of water/ethanol mixed solution (the volume ratio is 1:1), stirring, and forming uniform mixed solution by using an ultrasonic dispersion mode;
(2) putting the micro-channel plate into a micro-channel plate, performing ultrasonic treatment for 2min, immediately taking out the micro-channel plate, putting the micro-channel plate into a vacuum oven at the temperature of 200 ℃, performing vacuum-pumping drying, and performing heat preservation for 2h to prepare a pretreatment layer with the thickness of 4 nm;
(3) preparing MCP substrate with the pre-treatment layer, putting the MCP substrate into an A L D reaction chamber, and preparing Al2O3The film adopts the following process: TMA/N2/H2O/N22s/1min/2s/1min, the deposition temperature is 240 ℃, and the cycle number is 80 (-8 nm).
The MCP without the pretreatment layer is directly prepared by the step (3).
It should be understood that in a specific preparation process, for the preparation process of the above-mentioned a L D-MCP with the pretreatment layer, according to the teachings of the present invention, the process parameters can be appropriately adjusted as needed by those skilled in the art to prepare a suitable, different a L D-MCP.
With reference to fig. 4 and 5, the pre-treatment layer and the a L D-MCP without the pre-treatment layer are prepared, and a two-chip stacking test method is adopted to test the fluctuation condition of the gain, and as a result, as shown in fig. 5, the maximum gain increase of the a L D-MCP without the pre-treatment layer reaches more than 30%, and the gain variation of the a L D-MCP with the pre-treatment layer is less than 5%, so that the a L D-MCP prepared by the scheme of the present invention reduces the generation of interface defect charges through the transition effect of the pre-treatment layer, and significantly improves the gain stability of the a L D-MCP.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A method for improving the gain stability of an MCP channel coating film by utilizing A L D is characterized by comprising the following steps:
based on functional layers of microchannel plates, Al is deposited by A L D technology2O3Before the film layer, a pretreatment layer is firstly manufactured to realize Al2O3Transition between the film layer and the MCP substrate silicon-rich layer, and depositing Al by A L D technique based on the pretreatment layer2O3And (5) film layer.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the pre-treatment layer is chromium oxide (Cr) as a material for improving gain stability of MCP channels coating using A L D2O3)。
3. The method of claim 1 or 2 wherein the A L D is used to improve the gain stability of the coating of the MCP channel, and the chromium oxide film is in a nanoparticle structure, the size of the nanoparticles is 0.5nm-20nm, and the thickness of the whole formed film is 1nm-20 nm.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the pre-treatment layer is prepared by using A L D to improve gain stability of MCP channels, and the pre-treatment layer comprises:
dispersing chromium oxide nano particles in a water/ethanol mixed solution by using ultrasonic waves to form a uniform mixed solution;
placing the microchannel plate into the mixed liquid, enabling the mixed liquid to enter the microchannel plate through ultrasonic vibration to carry out particle attachment, taking out the microchannel plate after attaching for a period of time, removing redundant mixed liquid, and then carrying out drying treatment under a vacuum environment to enable the nano particles to be attached to the inner wall of the channel to form a uniform pretreatment layer consisting of chromium oxide nano particles.
5. The method of claim 4 for improving the gain stability of MCP channel coating by using A L D, wherein the thickness range of the film is controlled by controlling the ratio of water, ethanol and nanoparticles in the mixed solution.
6. The method for improving the gain stability of the MCP channel coating by the aid of the A L D according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the attachment reaction time of the microchannel plate in the mixed liquid is 30-120 s.
7. A method for improving the gain stability of MCP channel coating by A L D according to claim 1, wherein on the basis of the pretreatment layer, using trimethylaluminum and water as precursors, Al is deposited on the inner wall of the channel by A L D technique2O3The thickness of the film layer is 1nm-15 nm.
8. A L D-MCP prepared according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. Use of an a L D-MCP of claim 8 in a microimage intensifier device comprising a sheet of said a L D-MCP.
10. Use of an a L D-MCP of claim 8 in a weak signal detector, wherein two a L D-MCPs are used in a V-shaped stacked arrangement, or three a L D-MCPs are used in a Z-shaped stacked arrangement.
CN202010388763.3A 2020-05-09 2020-05-09 Method for improving coating gain stability of MCP channel by using ALD (atomic layer deposition) method, ALD-MCP and application Active CN111501018B (en)

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CN105385997A (en) * 2015-11-06 2016-03-09 北京有色金属研究总院 Cr2O3 film system and preparing method thereof
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112420477A (en) * 2020-10-30 2021-02-26 北方夜视技术股份有限公司 High-gain and low-luminescence ALD-MCP and preparation method and application thereof
CN112420477B (en) * 2020-10-30 2022-09-06 北方夜视技术股份有限公司 High-gain and low-luminescence ALD-MCP and preparation method and application thereof

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