CN111500970A - Carbonitriding process for chain pin shaft - Google Patents
Carbonitriding process for chain pin shaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN111500970A CN111500970A CN202010343336.3A CN202010343336A CN111500970A CN 111500970 A CN111500970 A CN 111500970A CN 202010343336 A CN202010343336 A CN 202010343336A CN 111500970 A CN111500970 A CN 111500970A
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/28—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in one step
- C23C8/30—Carbo-nitriding
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Abstract
The invention discloses a carbonitriding process for a chain pin shaft, which comprises the following steps: step A, carburizing treatment: the carburizing medium is methanol and kerosene; step B, carburizing and quenching: quenching the workpiece rapidly by using quenching oil at the temperature of 20-80 ℃; step C, carburizing and tempering: heating the workpiece to 170-190 ℃, and carrying out low-temperature tempering after heat preservation for 170-190 min; step D, nitriding treatment: the nitriding medium is ammonia; step E, nitriding quenching: quenching the workpiece rapidly by using quenching oil at the temperature of 20-80 ℃; step F, nitriding and tempering: heating the workpiece to 170-190 ℃, and carrying out low-temperature tempering after heat preservation for 170-190 min; step G, cryogenic treatment: the deep cooling temperature is-90 to-70 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 90 to 120 min; step H, air cooling: putting the workpiece in air to return to room temperature; step I, deep cooling tempering: heating the workpiece to 170-190 ℃, and carrying out low-temperature tempering after heat preservation for 170-190 min. The invention has the advantages of reducing the content of residual austenite of the workpiece after heat treatment and improving the surface hardness and wear resistance of the workpiece.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a carbonitriding process, in particular to a carbonitriding process for a chain pin shaft.
Background
At present, in the traditional carbonitriding process, the workpiece is subjected to heat treatment by selecting a methanol, ammonia, propane and other carburizing mediums and providing an atmosphere for the workpiece, carbon and nitrogen are permeated simultaneously in the process, and then the technical requirements of enhancing the strength and the wear resistance of the workpiece and the like are met by means of quenching, tempering and the like. The surface metallographic structure of the workpiece subjected to the traditional carbonitriding process is as follows: the method comprises the steps of (1-2 level) cryptoneedle-shaped tempered martensite, a carbon nitride compound and residual austenite, wherein the content of the residual austenite is about 5-10%, the residual austenite influences the hardness and the wear resistance of the surface of a part, and therefore the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the part which is subjected to final heat treatment by using the process cannot be further improved, and therefore a technical bottleneck is generated. The chain pin shaft is used as a connecting piece between chain plates of a chain, the hardness requirement is high, the durability of a product is directly influenced, at present, the upper limit of the hardness of the chain pin shaft produced by adopting the traditional carbonitriding process is 750HV0.1, and the upper limit of the hardness needs to be broken through when the product is continuously improved, so that the research and development of a new carbonitriding process for the chain pin shaft is in the trend at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a carbonitriding process for a chain pin shaft. The method has the advantages of reducing the content of residual austenite of the workpiece after heat treatment and improving the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the workpiece.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the carbonitriding process for the chain pin shaft comprises the following steps:
step A, carburizing treatment: performing carburizing treatment on the workpiece in a mesh belt furnace or a converter, wherein the carburizing medium is methanol and kerosene, the heating temperature is 895-925 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 35-45 min;
step B, carburizing and quenching: after the heat preservation time of the carburizing treatment is up, rapidly quenching the workpiece by using quenching oil at the temperature of 20-80 ℃;
step C, carburizing and tempering: heating the workpiece subjected to carburizing and quenching to 170-190 ℃, and carrying out low-temperature tempering after heat preservation for 170-190 min;
step D, nitriding treatment: nitriding the workpiece in a mesh belt furnace or a converter, wherein the nitriding medium is ammonia gas, the heating temperature is 835-865 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 40-60 min;
step E, nitriding quenching: after the nitriding treatment heat preservation time is up, rapidly quenching the workpiece by using quenching oil at the temperature of 20-80 ℃;
step F, nitriding and tempering: heating the workpiece subjected to nitriding quenching to 170-190 ℃, and carrying out low-temperature tempering after heat preservation for 170-190 min;
step G, cryogenic treatment: carrying out cryogenic treatment on the workpiece in a cryogenic box, wherein the cryogenic temperature is-90 to-70 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 90 to 120 min;
step H, air cooling: after the heat preservation time of the subzero treatment is reached, putting the workpiece in the air to return to the room temperature;
step I, deep cooling tempering: and heating the workpiece returned to the room temperature to 170-190 ℃, and carrying out low-temperature tempering after heat preservation for 170-190 min.
In the carbonitriding process for the chain pin shaft, the dosage of the carburizing medium methanol in the step A is 2.0-2.5 m L/min, and the dosage of the carburizing medium kerosene is 3.0-3.5 m L/min.
In the carbonitriding process for the chain pin shaft, the dosage of nitriding medium ammonia gas in the step D is 350-400L/h.
Compared with the prior art, the carbonitriding process provided by the invention has the advantages that the carburizing process and the nitriding process are carried out separately, the subzero treatment process is added, and the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the workpiece are effectively improved. Specifically, the workpiece is firstly carburized, and the aim is to quickly and uniformly infiltrate carbon elements, ensure the carburized layer of the workpiece to be uniform in thickness, refine crystal grains, and improve the surface hardness and the core toughness of the workpiece through quenching and tempering processes after carburization, so that the workpiece has higher fatigue strength under the working condition of high-frequency impact load; furthermore, nitriding treatment is carried out after carburization treatment is finished, nitrogen elements can be permeated on the basis of a carburized layer to form a denser carbon nitride compound, the wear resistance of the workpiece is enhanced, the internal stress of the workpiece can be eliminated through quenching and tempering processes after nitriding, the toughness of the workpiece is further improved, and the workpiece has higher fatigue strength under the working condition of high-frequency impact load. The invention adopts a process of separately carrying out carburizing and nitriding, can effectively reduce the deformation of workpieces, and is particularly important for processing precision parts such as chain pin shafts and the like.
Furthermore, the invention adds a subzero treatment process, the workpiece is placed in a subzero low temperature environment for heat preservation, and then is returned to room temperature and tempered in sequence after heat preservation, the residual austenite on the surface of the workpiece after subzero treatment can be obviously reduced, and the technical bottleneck of the traditional carbonitriding process is broken through.
In conclusion, the method has the advantages of reducing the content of residual austenite of the workpiece after heat treatment and improving the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the workpiece.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the treatment temperature versus time at each step in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph comparing the hardness of the surface of the workpiece for two processes under the parameters of example 4;
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the elongation to wear of the workpieces for the two processes under the parameters of example 4.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Example 1: the carbonitriding process for the chain pin shaft comprises the following steps:
step A, carburizing treatment: performing carburizing treatment on the workpiece in a mesh belt furnace or a converter, wherein the carburizing medium is methanol and kerosene, the heating temperature is 895-925 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 35-45 min;
step B, carburizing and quenching: after the heat preservation time of the carburizing treatment is up, rapidly quenching the workpiece by using quenching oil at the temperature of 20-80 ℃;
step C, carburizing and tempering: heating the workpiece subjected to carburizing and quenching to 170-190 ℃, and carrying out low-temperature tempering after heat preservation for 170-190 min;
step D, nitriding treatment: nitriding the workpiece in a mesh belt furnace or a converter, wherein the nitriding medium is ammonia gas, the heating temperature is 835-865 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 40-60 min;
step E, nitriding quenching: after the nitriding treatment heat preservation time is up, rapidly quenching the workpiece by using quenching oil at the temperature of 20-80 ℃;
step F, nitriding and tempering: heating the workpiece subjected to nitriding quenching to 170-190 ℃, and carrying out low-temperature tempering after heat preservation for 170-190 min;
step G, cryogenic treatment: carrying out cryogenic treatment on the workpiece in a cryogenic box, wherein the cryogenic temperature is-90 to-70 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 90 to 120 min;
step H, air cooling: after the heat preservation time of the subzero treatment is reached, putting the workpiece in the air to return to the room temperature;
step I, deep cooling tempering: and heating the workpiece returned to the room temperature to 170-190 ℃, and carrying out low-temperature tempering after heat preservation for 170-190 min.
In the step A, the dosage of the carburizing medium methanol is 2.0-2.5 m L/min, and the dosage of the carburizing medium kerosene is 3.0-3.5 m L/min.
And D, using the nitriding medium ammonia gas in the step D at a dosage of 350-400L/h.
The step A, the step B and the step C are combined into a carburizing stage, the carburizing and quenching are mainly used for rapidly and uniformly infiltrating carbon elements and ensuring that the carburized layer of the workpiece is uniform in thickness, the purpose of carburizing and quenching is to enable super-cooled austenite to carry out martensite transformation so that a martensite structure is obtained on the surface of the workpiece, and the hard and brittle martensite structure is obtained on the surface of the workpiece after carburizing and quenching, and then carburizing and tempering are carried out, so that the rigidity, the hardness, the wear resistance, the fatigue strength, the toughness and the like of the workpiece can be greatly improved.
And D, E and F are nitriding stages together, the nitriding stages are used for permeating nitrogen elements on the basis of a carburized layer to form a compact carbon nitride, the wear resistance of the workpiece is enhanced, the workpiece is subjected to nitriding quenching after nitriding treatment to obtain a workpiece with higher surface hardness and larger hardened layer depth, meanwhile, the workpiece has the performances of corrosion resistance, high fatigue strength and the like, and the workpiece subjected to nitriding quenching is subjected to nitriding tempering, so that the toughness of the workpiece subjected to nitriding quenching can be improved.
And G, H and I are combined into a deep cooling stage, which has the functions of effectively reducing the content of residual austenite on the surface of the workpiece, improving the elastic limit of the workpiece, stabilizing the size of the workpiece, reducing the deformation of subsequent processing, and effectively meeting the use requirement of deep cooling tempering after deep cooling treatment on the workpiece with higher hardness requirement and larger dynamic load.
Example 2: the carbonitriding process for the chain pin shaft comprises the following steps:
step A, carburizing, namely carburizing the workpiece in a mesh belt furnace, wherein the carburizing mediums are methanol and kerosene, the input flow of the carburizing medium methanol is 2.0m L/min, the input flow of the carburizing medium kerosene is 3.0m L/min, the heating temperature is 895 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 35 min;
step B, carburizing and quenching: after the heat preservation time of the carburizing treatment is reached, quenching the workpiece quickly by using quenching oil at the temperature of 20 ℃;
step C, carburizing and tempering: heating the workpiece subjected to carburizing and quenching to 170 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 170min for low-temperature tempering;
d, nitriding, namely nitriding the workpiece in a mesh belt furnace, wherein the nitriding medium is ammonia gas, the introduction flow rate of the nitriding medium is 350L/h, the heating temperature is 835 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 40 min;
step E, nitriding quenching: after the nitriding treatment heat preservation time is up, rapidly quenching the workpiece by using quenching oil at the temperature of 20 ℃;
step F, nitriding and tempering: heating the workpiece subjected to nitriding quenching to 170 ℃, and carrying out low-temperature tempering after heat preservation for 170 min;
step G, cryogenic treatment: carrying out cryogenic treatment on the workpiece in a cryogenic box, wherein the cryogenic temperature is-90 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 90 min;
step H, air cooling: after the heat preservation time of the subzero treatment is reached, putting the workpiece in the air to return to the room temperature;
step I, deep cooling tempering: and heating the workpiece returned to the room temperature to 170 ℃, and carrying out low-temperature tempering after keeping the temperature for 170 min.
Example 3: the carbonitriding process for the chain pin shaft comprises the following steps:
step A, carburizing, namely carburizing the workpiece in a converter, wherein the carburizing mediums are methanol and kerosene, the input flow of the carburizing medium methanol is 2.5m L/min, the input flow of the carburizing medium kerosene is 3.5m L/min, the heating temperature is 925 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 45 min;
step B, carburizing and quenching: after the heat preservation time of the carburizing treatment is reached, rapidly quenching the workpiece by using quenching oil at the temperature of 80 ℃;
step C, carburizing and tempering: heating the workpiece subjected to carburizing and quenching to 190 ℃, and carrying out low-temperature tempering after heat preservation for 190 min;
d, nitriding, namely nitriding the workpiece in a converter, wherein the nitriding medium is ammonia gas, the introduction flow of the nitriding medium is 400L/h, the heating temperature is 865 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 60 min;
step E, nitriding quenching: after the nitriding treatment heat preservation time is up, rapidly quenching the workpiece by using quenching oil at the temperature of 80 ℃;
step F, nitriding and tempering: heating the workpiece subjected to nitriding quenching to 190 ℃ and carrying out heat preservation for 190min for low-temperature tempering;
step G, cryogenic treatment: carrying out cryogenic treatment on the workpiece in a cryogenic box, wherein the cryogenic temperature is-70 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 120 min;
step H, air cooling: after the heat preservation time of the subzero treatment is reached, putting the workpiece in the air to return to the room temperature;
step I, deep cooling tempering: and heating the workpiece returned to the room temperature to 190 ℃, and carrying out low-temperature tempering after heat preservation for 190 min.
Example 4: the carbonitriding process for the chain pin shaft comprises the following steps:
step A, carburizing, namely carburizing the workpiece in a converter, wherein the carburizing media are methanol and kerosene, the input flow of the carburizing media methanol is 2.25m L/min, the input flow of the carburizing media kerosene is 3.25m L/min, the heating temperature is 910 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 40 min;
step B, carburizing and quenching: after the heat preservation time of the carburizing treatment is reached, rapidly quenching the workpiece by using quenching oil at 50 ℃;
step C, carburizing and tempering: heating the workpiece subjected to carburizing and quenching to 180 ℃, and carrying out low-temperature tempering after heat preservation for 180 min;
d, nitriding, namely nitriding the workpiece in a converter, wherein the nitriding medium is ammonia gas, the introduction flow rate of the nitriding medium is 375L/h, the heating temperature is 850 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 50 min;
step E, nitriding quenching: after the nitriding treatment heat preservation time is up, rapidly quenching the workpiece by using quenching oil at 50 ℃;
step F, nitriding and tempering: heating the workpiece subjected to nitriding quenching to 180 ℃, and carrying out low-temperature tempering after heat preservation for 180 min;
step G, cryogenic treatment: carrying out cryogenic treatment on the workpiece in a cryogenic box, wherein the cryogenic temperature is-80 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 105 min;
step H, air cooling: after the heat preservation time of the subzero treatment is reached, putting the workpiece in the air to return to the room temperature;
step I, deep cooling tempering: heating the workpiece returned to the room temperature to 180 ℃, and carrying out low-temperature tempering after heat preservation for 180 min.
The step A, the step B and the step C are combined into a carburizing stage, the carburizing and quenching are mainly used for rapidly and uniformly infiltrating carbon elements and ensuring that the carburized layer of the workpiece is uniform in thickness, the purpose of carburizing and quenching is to enable super-cooled austenite to carry out martensite transformation so that a martensite structure is obtained on the surface of the workpiece, and the hard and brittle martensite structure is obtained on the surface of the workpiece after carburizing and quenching, and then carburizing and tempering are carried out, so that the rigidity, the hardness, the wear resistance, the fatigue strength, the toughness and the like of the workpiece can be greatly improved.
And D, E and F are nitriding stages together, the nitriding stages are used for permeating nitrogen elements on the basis of a carburized layer to form a compact carbon nitride, the wear resistance of the workpiece is enhanced, the workpiece is subjected to nitriding quenching after nitriding treatment to obtain a workpiece with higher surface hardness and larger hardened layer depth, meanwhile, the workpiece has the performances of corrosion resistance, high fatigue strength and the like, and the workpiece subjected to nitriding quenching is subjected to nitriding tempering, so that the toughness of the workpiece subjected to nitriding quenching can be improved.
And G, H and I are combined into a deep cooling stage, which has the functions of effectively reducing the content of residual austenite on the surface of the workpiece, improving the elastic limit of the workpiece, stabilizing the size of the workpiece, reducing the deformation of subsequent processing, and effectively meeting the use requirement of deep cooling tempering after deep cooling treatment on the workpiece with higher hardness requirement and larger dynamic load.
A large number of researches and tests show that the residual austenite on the surface of the workpiece after the cryogenic treatment is obviously reduced, so that the generated effect is outstanding, and the technical bottleneck of the traditional carbonitriding process is broken through.
In the embodiment, the relationship between the treatment temperature and the treatment time in each step is shown in fig. 1, the hardness of the product of the chain pin shaft treated by the carbonitriding process in the embodiment can reach over 900HV0.1, and the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the product are effectively improved. After the process is applied to the pin shaft of the toothed chain, the durability of the product is greatly improved through market verification, and the occurrence of bad conditions of the product is greatly reduced.
Under the parameter conditions of the embodiment, the actual measurement of the surface hardness data of 5 groups of chain pin shaft workpieces treated by the carbonitriding process and the ordinary carbonitriding process is respectively carried out, the comparison graph of the actual measurement results is shown in fig. 2, the abscissa of fig. 2 represents the identification number, the ordinate of the graph is the actual measurement hardness value (unit HV0.1), and the data in fig. 2 specifically is as follows: the surface hardness of 5 workpieces treated by the carbonitriding process is 926HV0.1, 941HV0.1, 937HV0.1, 925HV0.1 and 935HV0.1 respectively, and the surface hardness of 5 workpieces treated by the common carbonitriding process is 852HV0.1, 863HV0.1, 849HV0.1, 837HV0.1 and 867HV0.1 respectively; analysis shows that the surface hardness of the chain pin shaft workpiece treated by the carbonitriding process is obviously higher than that of the workpiece treated by the common carbonitriding process, and the surface hardness of the chain pin shaft workpiece treated by the carbonitriding process reaches over 900HV0.1, namely the surface hardness of the product is effectively improved.
Under the parameter conditions of the embodiment, the wear elongation test for 500 hours is respectively carried out on 5 groups of chain pin shaft workpieces treated by the carbonitriding process and the ordinary carbonitriding process, the test result is shown in a comparison graph in fig. 3, the abscissa of fig. 3 represents time (unit hour), and the ordinate represents wear elongation (%), and from the result in fig. 3, the wear elongation of the chain pin shaft workpieces treated by the carbonitriding process of the invention within 500 hours is obviously lower than that of the workpieces treated by the ordinary carbonitriding process in the same period, that is, the wear resistance of the product is effectively improved by the invention.
The data values in fig. 3 are specified in the following table:
in addition, the carbonitriding process can also be applied to quick-wear parts of stamping dies, and the service life can be prolonged by three times.
Claims (3)
1. The carbonitriding process for the chain pin shaft is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step A, carburizing treatment: performing carburizing treatment on the workpiece in a mesh belt furnace or a converter, wherein the carburizing medium is methanol and kerosene, the heating temperature is 895-925 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 35-45 min;
step B, carburizing and quenching: after the heat preservation time of the carburizing treatment is up, rapidly quenching the workpiece by using quenching oil at the temperature of 20-80 ℃;
step C, carburizing and tempering: heating the workpiece subjected to carburizing and quenching to 170-190 ℃, and carrying out low-temperature tempering after heat preservation for 170-190 min;
step D, nitriding treatment: nitriding the workpiece in a mesh belt furnace or a converter, wherein the nitriding medium is ammonia gas, the heating temperature is 835-865 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 40-60 min;
step E, nitriding quenching: after the nitriding treatment heat preservation time is up, rapidly quenching the workpiece by using quenching oil at the temperature of 20-80 ℃;
step F, nitriding and tempering: heating the workpiece subjected to nitriding quenching to 170-190 ℃, and carrying out low-temperature tempering after heat preservation for 170-190 min;
step G, cryogenic treatment: carrying out cryogenic treatment on the workpiece in a cryogenic box, wherein the cryogenic temperature is-90 to-70 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 90 to 120 min;
step H, air cooling: after the heat preservation time of the subzero treatment is reached, putting the workpiece in the air to return to the room temperature;
step I, deep cooling tempering: and heating the workpiece returned to the room temperature to 170-190 ℃, and carrying out low-temperature tempering after heat preservation for 170-190 min.
2. The carbonitriding process for chain pins according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the carburizing medium methanol used in step A is 2.0-2.5 m L/min, and the amount of the carburizing medium kerosene used is 3.0-3.5 m L/min.
3. The carbonitriding process for chain pins according to claim 1, wherein the amount of ammonia used as nitriding medium in step D is 350-400L/h.
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| CN115637404A (en) * | 2022-11-16 | 2023-01-24 | 杭州东华链条集团有限公司 | Pin shaft machining process and chain |
| CN115637403A (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2023-01-24 | 宁波市精恒凯翔机械有限公司 | Machining process of barreling tool |
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| CN114085980A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-02-25 | 江西振扬精密机械制造有限公司 | Cross shaft heat treatment system and treatment process thereof |
| CN115637403A (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2023-01-24 | 宁波市精恒凯翔机械有限公司 | Machining process of barreling tool |
| CN115233145A (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2022-10-25 | 浙江山美机械制造有限公司 | Optical nitriding device for pin shaft and manufacturing process thereof |
| CN115233145B (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2024-07-26 | 浙江山美机械制造有限公司 | Optical nitriding device for pin shafts and manufacturing process thereof |
| CN115522036A (en) * | 2022-08-09 | 2022-12-27 | 合肥九米传动技术有限公司 | High alloy steel rack machining process based on heat treatment |
| CN115637404A (en) * | 2022-11-16 | 2023-01-24 | 杭州东华链条集团有限公司 | Pin shaft machining process and chain |
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