CN111499305A - Use of coral sand and/or coral skeleton in preparing low-radioactivity building material - Google Patents

Use of coral sand and/or coral skeleton in preparing low-radioactivity building material Download PDF

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CN111499305A
CN111499305A CN202010350828.5A CN202010350828A CN111499305A CN 111499305 A CN111499305 A CN 111499305A CN 202010350828 A CN202010350828 A CN 202010350828A CN 111499305 A CN111499305 A CN 111499305A
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coral
building material
sand
skeleton
activity
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林武辉
余克服
王英辉
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Guangxi University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/04—Portland cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
    • C04B14/26—Carbonates
    • C04B14/28—Carbonates of calcium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00025—Aspects relating to the protection of the health, e.g. materials containing special additives to afford skin protection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses application of coral sand and/or coral skeleton in preparation of a low-radioactivity building material. According to the radioactivity level of coal ash and slag, coral sand and/or coral skeleton with low radioactivity level are/is added in a certain proportion as diluent to meet the requirement of standard limit value. According to the invention, coral reefs, sand and seawater of the offshore island are fully utilized to obtain materials in situ, so that rare common ground-source sand stones and fresh water are partially replaced; the purposes of overcoming the shortage of building raw materials, reducing the marine transportation cost and shortening the construction period can be achieved; the method is beneficial to strengthening the national offshore island engineering construction and meets the requirement of the national ocean strategy.

Description

Use of coral sand and/or coral skeleton in preparing low-radioactivity building material
Technical Field
The invention relates to application of coral sand and/or coral skeleton in preparing low-radioactivity building material.
Background
Coal ash is the most main solid waste of coal-fired power plants, and billions of tons of coal ash are produced every year in China. China and other countries in the world use coal ash as building materials (mainly concrete) to realize the recycling of solid wastes. However, the high radioactivity level of the coal ash also tends to introduce a high risk of ionizing radiation, resulting in a limited range of use.
The residues of beneficiated or smelted ores of slags play an important role in industrial production, especially in heavy and large plants. The slag is made into slag cement, slag micro powder, slag portland cement, slag wool, blast furnace slag, granulated blast furnace slag powder, copper slag and slag vertical mill. The energy consumption is saved. Similarly, when slag is used as a building material, its high level of radioactivity often also introduces a high risk of ionizing radiation, resulting in a limited range of its use.
The building material with coal ash and slag as material contains certain amount of natural radioactive nuclide and may produce ionizing radiation damage to human body through two ways of inside irradiation and outside irradiation. Human beings live in the room for 80% of the time, and if building materials with high radioactivity level are used in the room, the building materials pose a great threat to the health of the human beings, and various chronic diseases are caused. Therefore, the measurement of the radioactivity level and the evaluation of the radiation of the building materials are widely conducted in several countries in the world. China also carries out the radioactivity level measurement and the ionizing radiation evaluation work of a large number of building materials. National standard of 'radionuclide limitation of building materials' is established in 1986 in China, and after a plurality of revisions, the latest national standard version is GB6566-2010 at present, and the use of the building materials is guided and regulated from the ionizing radiation angle, so that the health of human beings is guaranteed.
The south sea island reef is an important national soil resource in China, and due to the special geographical position and abundant natural resources, the south sea island reef is more and more important in the aspects of traffic, national defense and ocean resource development. In recent years, a series of engineering facilities are built in a plurality of coral reef islands in south China sea, and the coral reef islands standing in the ocean in far sea are indispensable to marine environment transition records, biodiversity exploration and human production and living providers by using unique geological structures, biological causes and landforms of the coral reef islands, and most importantly, the special coral reef deposits become important carriers and important building material sources for island reef engineering construction.
The engineering facilities mainly take ports, docks, airports and building structures as main bodies, the structures inevitably use reinforced concrete, and particularly for 7 coral reefs which are actually occupied by remote south sand islands in China, the infrastructure on the structures is completely formed by pouring the reinforced concrete. The concrete building materials used in the early construction include steel bars, cement, gravel, aggregates and even fresh water for mixing, which are all transported from continents over long distances at sea at great expense, and the durability and service performance of the structures with high construction cost are greatly challenged under the conditions of complex marine environment and severe sea conditions.
Over 95% of the south China sea island reefs are coral reefs, and the coral reefs and sand have large reserves, are easy to exploit and have low cost; coral skeleton and coral sand distributed on the island are used as aggregate, local materials are obtained, seawater coral reef concrete is mixed, island reef engineering construction is carried out, operation stability and service durability of the engineering construction under the conditions of complex marine environment and severe sea conditions are ensured, and the method plays a significant role in maintaining the ocean rights and interests of south China sea ownership, resources, navigation and the like.
Building materials are an important industrial chain in China. Bricks made of coal ash are generally high in radioactivity in real estate or urban construction. The present inventors have found that coral sand and coral skeleton fragments possess the lowest radioactivity levels of all construction materials. Coral sand and coral skeleton debris are used as building material with low radioactivity level, and may be used as additive (diluent) for high radioactivity building material, and this can lower the radioactivity level of building material effectively. Secondly, the measurement of radioactivity level and the evaluation of ionizing radiation of the building materials of the islands in south China sea are relatively deficient compared with the measurement of radioactivity level and the evaluation of ionizing radiation of the building materials of land.
Therefore, the invention provides the application of coral sand and/or coral skeleton as diluent in preparing low-radioactivity building material and provides the evaluation of the effect of coral sand and coral skeleton on the radioactivity of building material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides the application of coral sand and/or coral skeleton in preparing low-radioactivity building materials.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the coral sand and/or the coral skeleton are/is used for preparing a low-radioactivity building material, and the coral sand and/or the coral skeleton are/is used as a diluent to be added into a building material raw material to prepare the building material; the building material is concrete.
Preferably, the coral sand contains238The activity of U is 16.8-38.2Bq/kg,226the Ra activity is 0.48-9.96Bq/kg,228the Ra activity is 0.50-5.84Bq/kg,40the activity of K is 2.15-76.5 Bq/kg.
Preferably, the coral skeleton238The U activity is 24.6-35.7Bq/kg,226the Ra activity is 0.18-7.44Bq/kg,228the Ra activity is 2.29-29.3Bq/kg,40the activity of K is 4.64-27.5 Bq/kg.
Preferably, the building material is prepared from coarse aggregate, cement, water, a water reducing agent, coral sand and/or coral skeleton.
Preferably, the total mass of the coral sand and/or the coral skeleton is 20 to 60% of the total mass of the coarse aggregate.
Preferably, the coarse aggregate is coal ash and/or slag.
Preferably, the cement is any one of ordinary portland cement, composite portland cement, and sulfate-resistant cement.
Preferably, the water is natural seawater or artificial seawater.
Preferably, the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the coarse aggregate to the cement to the water reducing agent is 0.3-0.8:1-1.5:0.3-0.5: 0.02-0.05.
Preferably, the slag is blast furnace slag.
Preferably, the blast furnace slag is any one or a mixture of more than one of cast raw iron slag, steel-making raw iron slag and special raw iron slag.
Preferably, the preparation method of the building material comprises the following steps:
(1) pulverizing coral sand and/or coral skeleton into particles with particle diameter of 0.5-3.0mm to obtain component A;
(2) crushing the coarse aggregate into particles with the particle size of 10-20mm to obtain a component B;
(3) placing the component A and the component B in a concrete mixer, dry-stirring for 1-5min until the components are uniformly mixed, then adding pre-wetting water with one-hour water absorption, and rolling and stirring for 3-5min to obtain a component C;
(4) and adding the cement, the water reducing agent and the residual water into the component C, and continuously stirring for more than 8min to obtain the concrete building material.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the radioactivity level of the coal ash slag, coral sand and/or coral skeleton with a certain proportion of low radioactivity level are/is added as a diluent, so that the prepared building material has low radioactivity and meets the requirement of a standard limit value. The problem of high radioactivity level also exists in the application process of other slag in the building material, and the radioactivity level of the building material can be adjusted through the addition proportion of the diluent so as to enable the radioactivity level of the building material to reach the standard.
2. The invention researches coral sand and coral skeleton of island reef in south China sea, and a plurality of ionizing radiation evaluation indexes of the coral sand and the coral skeleton are only 1-10% of the international recommended value, and can not cause obvious ionizing radiation harm to human health. By comparing the radioactivity levels of various building materials at home and abroad, the coral sand and coral skeleton fragments in all the building materials have the lowest radioactivity level, and the coral sand and the coral skeleton are good additives and diluents of the building materials with higher radioactivity levels, such as coal ash, slag and the like, so that the radioactivity level of the building materials can be reduced, and the requirements of standard limit values are met. The method has certain reference significance for the ionizing radiation evaluation of building materials in the island engineering, and has certain guiding significance for application of coral sand and coral skeleton in other engineering.
3. According to the invention, coral reefs, sand and seawater of the offshore island are fully utilized to obtain materials in situ, so that rare common ground-source sand stones and fresh water are partially replaced; the purposes of overcoming the shortage of building raw materials, reducing the marine transportation cost and shortening the construction period can be achieved; the method is beneficial to strengthening the national offshore island engineering construction and meets the requirement of the national ocean strategy.
4. The invention uses the low-radioactivity coral sand and coral skeleton as the diluent, so that the prepared building material has low radioactivity, provides a new thought and method for guaranteeing human health and standardizing the use of the building material, and makes remarkable progress compared with the prior art.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the equivalent radium index (Ra) of different building materialseq) And (6) comparing.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to preferred embodiments. It should be noted, however, that the numerous details set forth in the description are merely for the purpose of providing the reader with a thorough understanding of one or more aspects of the present invention, which may be practiced without these specific details.
Example 1
The low-radioactivity building concrete is prepared from coal ash, ordinary portland cement, natural seawater, a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and coral sand according to the mass ratio of 0.3:1:0.3:0.02:0.06, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) pulverizing coral sand into particles with particle size of 0.5mm to obtain component A;
(2) crushing the coal ash into particles with the particle size of 10mm to obtain a component B;
(3) placing the component A and the component B in a concrete mixer, dry-stirring for 1min until the components are uniformly mixed, then adding pre-wetting water with water absorption of one hour (12%), and rolling and stirring for 3min to obtain a component C;
(4) and adding the ordinary portland cement, the polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and the rest natural seawater into the component C, and continuously stirring for 10min to obtain the concrete building material.
In the coral sand238The activity of U is 16.8Bq/kg,226the Ra activity was 0.48Bq/kg,228the Ra activity was 0.50Bq/kg,40the activity of K was 2.15 Bq/kg.
Example 2
The low-radioactivity building concrete is prepared from cast raw iron slag, composite portland cement, natural seawater, a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and coral skeleton according to the mass ratio of 0.8:1.5:0.5:0.05:0.48, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) pulverizing coral skeleton into particles with particle diameter of 1.2mm to obtain component A;
(2) crushing the cast pig iron slag into particles with the particle size of 12mm to obtain a component B;
(3) placing the component A and the component B in a concrete mixer, dry-stirring for 1.8min until the components are uniformly mixed, then adding pre-wetting water with water absorption of one hour (14%), and rolling and stirring for 3.4min to obtain a component C;
(4) and adding the composite portland cement, the polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and the rest natural seawater into the component C, and continuously stirring for 12min to obtain the concrete building material.
In the coral skeleton238The U activity is 24.6Bq/kg,226the Ra activity was 0.18Bq/kg,228the Ra activity was 2.29Bq/kg,40the activity of K was 4.64 Bq/kg.
Example 3
The low-radioactivity building concrete is prepared from coal ash, steelmaking raw iron slag, sulfate-resistant cement, artificial seawater, a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, coral sand and coral skeleton according to the mass ratio of 0.25:0.28:1.2:0.33:0.03:0.1:0.12, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) pulverizing coral sand and coral skeleton into particles with particle diameter of 1.5mm to obtain component A;
(2) crushing coal ash and steelmaking pig iron slag into particles with the particle size of 14mm to obtain a component B;
(3) placing the component A and the component B in a concrete mixer, dry-stirring for 2.5min until the components are uniformly mixed, then adding pre-wetting water with water absorption of one hour (16%), and rolling and stirring for 3.8min to obtain a component C;
(4) and adding the sulfate-resistant cement, the polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and the rest artificial seawater into the component C, and continuously stirring for 15min to obtain the concrete building material.
In the coral sand238The U activity was 18.9Bq/kg,226the Ra activity was 3.56Bq/kg,228the Ra activity was 1.52Bq/kg,40the activity of K was 23.17 Bq/kg.
In the coral skeleton238The U activity is 26.9Bq/kg,226the Ra activity was 1.82Bq/kg,228the Ra activity was 8.36Bq/kg,40the activity of K was 9.11 Bq/kg.
Example 4
The low-radioactivity building concrete is prepared from coal ash, cast raw iron slag, special raw iron slag, ordinary portland cement, artificial seawater, a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, coral sand and coral skeleton according to a mass ratio of 0.1:0.3:0.2:1.4:0.45:0.04:0.15:0.15, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) pulverizing coral sand and coral skeleton into particles with particle size of 2.0mm to obtain component A;
(2) crushing coal ash, cast raw iron slag and special raw iron slag into particles with the particle size of 16mm to obtain a component B;
(3) placing the component A and the component B in a concrete mixer, dry-stirring for 3.2min until the components are uniformly mixed, then adding pre-wetting water with water absorption of one hour (15%), and rolling and stirring for 4.5min to obtain a component C;
(4) and adding the ordinary portland cement, the polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and the rest artificial seawater into the component C, and continuously stirring for 12min to obtain the concrete building material.
In the coral sand238The U activity is 25.3Bq/kg,226the Ra activity was 5.79Bq/kg,228the Ra activity was 2.73Bq/kg,40the activity of K was 46.23 Bq/kg.
In the coral skeleton238The U activity was 29.1Bq/kg,226the Ra activity was 3.57Bq/kg,228the Ra activity was 16.38Bq/kg,40the activity of K was 14.29 Bq/kg.
Example 5
The low-radioactivity building concrete is prepared from coal ash, steelmaking raw iron slag, special raw iron slag, composite portland cement, natural seawater, a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, coral sand and coral skeleton according to the mass ratio of 0.2:0.2:0.3:1.2:0.38:0.03:0.2:0.2, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) pulverizing coral sand and coral skeleton into particles with particle size of 2.5mm to obtain component A;
(2) crushing coal ash, steelmaking pig iron slag and special pig iron slag into particles with the particle size of 18mm to obtain a component B;
(3) placing the component A and the component B in a concrete mixer, dry-stirring for 4min until the components are uniformly mixed, then adding pre-wetting water with one-hour water absorption (17%), and rolling and stirring for 5min to obtain a component C;
(4) and adding the composite portland cement, the polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and the rest natural seawater into the component C, and continuously stirring for 15min to obtain the concrete building material.
In the coral sand238The U activity is 29.6Bq/kg,226the Ra activity was 7.55Bq/kg,228the Ra activity was 3.98Bq/kg,40the activity of K was 62.18 Bq/kg.
In the coral skeleton238The U activity is 32.3Bq/kg,226the Ra activity was 5.23Bq/kg,228the Ra activity was 23.90Bq/kg,40the activity of K was 19.57 Bq/kg.
Example 6
The low-radioactivity building concrete is prepared from coal ash, cast raw iron slag, sulfate-resistant cement, natural seawater, a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and coral sand according to the mass ratio of 0.3:0.4:1.1:0.5:0.04:0.38, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) grinding coral sand into particles with the particle size of 2mm to obtain a component A;
(2) crushing coal ash and cast pig iron slag into particles with the particle size of 20mm to obtain a component B;
(3) placing the component A and the component B in a concrete mixer, dry-stirring for 5min until the components are uniformly mixed, then adding pre-wetting water with water absorption of one hour (11%), and rolling and stirring for 5min to obtain a component C;
(4) and adding the sulfate-resistant cement, the polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and the residual natural seawater into the component C, and continuously stirring for 9min to obtain the concrete building material.
In the coral sand238The U activity is 38.2Bq/kg,226the Ra activity was 9.96Bq/kg,228the Ra activity was 5.84Bq/kg,40the activity of K was 76.58 Bq/kg.
In the coral skeleton238The U activity was 35.7Bq/kg,226the Ra activity was 7.44Bq/kg,228the Ra activity was 29.3Bq/kg,40the activity of K was 27.5 Bq/kg.
The coral sand and the coral skeleton of the embodiment are taken from the reef of the south China sea island, and the specific sources are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 sources of coral sand and coral skeleton used in the examples of the present invention
Examples 1 2 3 4 5 6
Coral sand 28064Zhou island - Seven linking to each other Turning back deer Moth reef Yellow rock island
Coral skeleton - Triangular reef Seven linking to each other Turning back deer Moth reef -
Evaluation of radioactivity level and ionizing radiation of coral sand and coral skeleton
The inventor obtains 2806415 coral sand samples in total from a continental island (WZ), triangular reef (SJ), Yongxing (YX), Qiliang (Q L Y), deer tieback (L HT), Xinyi reef (XY), Huaguan island (HG), Xiane reef (XE), spoondrift reef (L H), Meiji (MJ), North reef (BJ), Liyashi stone (PS), Yuhua reef (YZ), east island (DD) yellow rock island (HY), and collects 23 coral sample in total from 280;, the continental island (WZ), triangular reef (SJ), Yoxing (YX), Qilian reef (Q L Y), deer tieback (L HT), great Asia bay (DYW), Xie's moth reef (XE) and yellow rock island (HY).
The collected samples were placed in sealed bags and frozen and brought back to the laboratory. Taking the coral skeleton sample back to the laboratory, thawing, washing with deionized water to remove coralAnd (4) organizing. Preparing 10% hydrogen peroxide, soaking coral skeleton for 1 day, washing with deionized water, oven drying at 60 deg.C, further grinding and sieving (100 meshes 150 mesh), collecting 20g coral skeleton powder, packing, sealing, and standing for 30 days. And (3) taking the coral sand sample back to a laboratory, thawing and drying the sample, removing impurities such as shells, gravels, leaves and the like, grinding and sieving the sample (100 meshes and 150 meshes), then packing 100g of sand into a box, sealing the box, and standing the box for 30 days. In a sample to be tested226Measuring radioactive nuclide by utilizing high-purity germanium gamma spectrum after Ra and daughter nuclide thereof reach equilibrium state238U、226Ra、228Ra、40K)。
All coral sand and coral skeleton samples were measured using a high purity germanium (HPGe) -gamma spectrometer (Canberra Be6530) with a relative detection efficiency of 63.4% and an energy resolution of 1.57keV at 1332keV, which is much higher than that of a NaI-gamma spectrometer (-50 keV). The sediment standard source is from the Ireland sea sediment standard (IAEA-385) provided by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the river sediment standard provided by the national institute of metrology science (GBW08304 a).
238U and228ra in the form of its daughter234Th (63.3keV) and228the gamma-all-energy peak of Ac (911.1keV) was calculated,226ra is a daughter thereof214Pb (351.9keV) and214bi (609.3keV) was analyzed,40k selects the energy interval calculation of 1460.8 keV.
The activity of radionuclide in the litsea cubeba sand of south sea island is shown in table 2,238the activity of U is 16.8-38.2Bq/kg,226the Ra activity is 0.48-9.96Bq/kg,228the Ra activity is 0.50-5.84Bq/kg,40the activity of K is 2.15-76.5Bq/kg, and the average activity is as follows in sequence:238U(24.8Bq/kg)＞40K(11.6Bq/kg)＞226Ra(2.38Bq/kg)＞228ra (2.10 Bq/kg). In coral sand238U activity greater than the other 3 nuclides: (226Ra、228Ra、40K) Activity.
The activity of the radionuclide in the skeletons of island coral in south sea is shown in table 3,238the U activity is 24.6-35.7Bq/kg,226the Ra activity is 0.18-7.44Bq/kg,228ra activity of 2.29-29.3Bq/kg，40The activity of K is 4.64-27.5 Bq/kg. The average activity sequence of the radioactive nuclides in the coral skeleton is as follows:238U(28.7Bq/kg)＞228Ra(12.6Bq/kg)＞40K(10.9Bq/kg)＞226ra (3.47 Bq/kg). In the coral skeleton238U content is also greater than the other 3 species226Ra、228Ra、40K) And (4) content.
TABLE 2 Activity and uncertainty of radionuclide in coral sand (unit: Bq/kg)
Standing position 238U 226Ra 228Ra 40K
Moth reef 24.2±1.3 1.77±0.54 1.21±0.72 12.4±4.0
Information reef 23.1±1.8 1.50±0.33 1.25±0.69 8.10±0.41
Triangular reef 24.7±2.5 3.55±3.16 1.67±0.72 7.65±2.40
28064Zhou island 25.0±1.0 1.94±0.65 5.84±1.56 21.5±4.7
Turning back deer 24.9±3.0 2.75±0.52 4.31±0.47 76.5±3.4
Dongdao island 21.7±1.9 0.89±0.22 1.59±0.30 4.38±5.25
Huaguang island 23.3±3.4 2.10±0.50 2.45±0.05 7.22±1.33
Stone disc 26.0±2.5 2.06±0.87 2.13±1.56 5.90±5.70
Yongxing island 29.0±13.1 2.31±0.59 2.37±0.73 13.7±4.8
Jade-carved reef 21.9±3.1 4.13±2.39 0.69±0.87 13.5±0.1
Spoondrift reef 23.6±3.9 1.31±1.43 1.76±1.63 8.98±1.89
North reef 30.2±1.2 0.48±0.03 1.21±0.45 6.12±0.22
Beauty reef 29.0±2.5 2.76±0.23 1.06±0.89 7.58±0.63
Seven linking to each other 16.8±2.5 0.94±0.09 2.35±0.88 10.4±0.7
Yellow rock island 38.2±4.8 1.66±0.15 0.5a 2.15±0.71
Range of 16.8-38.2 0.48-4.13 0.50-5.84 2.15-76.5
Mean value of 24.8±4.4 2.38±1.90 2.10±1.55 11.6±12.9
Note: a represents in the sample228The minimum detection limit for Ra is 1Bq/kg, which is represented here as 1/2 minimum detection limit.
TABLE 3 Activity and uncertainty of radionuclides in coral skeleton (unit: Bq/kg)
Standing position 238U 226Ra 228Ra 40K
28064Zhou island 30.9±5.0 5.68±4.97 29.3±43.8 11.1±4.7
Seven linking to each other 29.9±3.7 0.18±0.04 2.29±1.01 5.51±2.70
Turning back deer 26.2±2.5 7.44±0.15 14.2±3.0 27.5±1.1
Tea reef 24.6±2.3 1.18±0.56 5.72±3.09 7.80±1.56
Yongxing island 26.9±1.9 4.25±5.39 17.4±21.4 14.2±2.1
Bay of great Asia 26.2±2.9 5.01±0.36 9.53±1.36 22.0±1.1
Moth reef 28.4±3.9 2.52±1.17 5.26±3.73 4.64±3.42
Yellow rock island 35.7±3.83 2.11±0.11 3.41±1.11 15.0±3.0
Range of 24.6-35.7 0.18-7.44 2.29-29.3 4.64-27.5
Mean value of 28.7±4.0 3.47±3.45 12.6±22.8 10.9±7.0
The ionizing radiation evaluation of the island and reef engineering building materials is carried out by selecting a radius equivalent activity (Raeq), an internal irradiation index and an external irradiation index (Hex and Hin) which are most commonly used internationally. The results of the multiple radiation evaluation indexes of the south sea island coral sand and the coral skeleton are shown in tables 4 and 5.
TABLE 4 evaluation of ionizing radiation of coral sands
Figure BDA0002471882710000101
Figure BDA0002471882710000111
TABLE 5 evaluation of ionizing radiation from coral skeleton
Standing position Equivalent radium index (Bq/kg) Index of internal irradiation Index of external irradiation
28064Zhou island 48.4 0.15 0.13
Seven linking to each other 3.89 0.01 0.01
Turning back deer 29.9 0.10 0.08
Tea reef 9.97 0.03 0.03
Yongxing island 30.2 0.09 0.08
Bay of great Asia 20.3 0.07 0.05
Moth reef 10.4 0.03 0.03
Yellow rock island 21.0 0.06 0.06
Range of 3.89-48.4 0.01-0.15 0.01-0.13
Mean value of 20.7 0.07 0.06
International recommended value 370 1 1
As can be seen from tables 4 and 5, the average equivalent radium indexes of the coral sand and the coral skeleton adopted by the invention are respectively 5.89Bq/kg and 20.7Bq/kg, which are far less than the international recommended value of 370 Bq/kg; the average values of the internal irradiation indexes of the coral sand and the coral skeleton are respectively 0.02 and 0.07, and the average values of the external irradiation indexes are respectively 0.02 and 0.06, which are far less than the international recommended value of 1.0. In conclusion, the multiple ionizing radiation evaluation indexes of the coral sand and the coral skeleton are only 1-10% of the international recommended value, and do not form obvious ionizing radiation harm to human health.
Comparison of radioactivity levels of coral sand and coral skeleton with other building materials
A comparison of the radioactivity levels of various common building materials in different countries is shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6 comparison of radioactivity levels of various building materials in different countries (unit: Bq/kg)
Figure BDA0002471882710000112
Figure BDA0002471882710000121
As shown in Table 6, most commonly used building materials have radioactivity levels less than the international recommended limit of 370 Bq/kg. Equivalent radium index (Raeq) for different building materials for example fig. 1, coral sand and coral skeleton as the main building materials for island engineering, have the lowest radioactivity level among all common building materials, less than 10% of the international recommended limit, and do not pose a significant risk of ionizing radiation to humans.
However, the building material made of coal ash has higher radioactivity level, and the building material exceeds the international recommended limit of 370Bq/kg, so that the building material can generate ionizing radiation risks to human beings, the use place of the building material is limited to a certain extent, and in order to ensure that the radioactivity level of the coal ash is lower than the international recommended limit (370Bq/kg) of the building material, coral sand and/or coral skeleton with low radioactivity level are/is added in a certain proportion to serve as a diluent according to the radioactivity level of the coal ash so as to meet the requirement of the standard limit. Other slag also has the problem of high radioactivity level in the application process of the building material, and the radioactivity level of the building material can be adjusted by the addition ratio of the diluent.
Therefore, by adopting coral sand and coral skeleton of island reef in south China sea, the multiple ionizing radiation evaluation indexes of the coral sand and the coral skeleton are only 1-10% of the international recommended values, and no obvious ionizing radiation hazard is formed to human health. By comparing the radioactivity levels of various building materials at home and abroad, the coral sand and coral skeleton fragments in all the building materials have the lowest radioactivity level, and the coral sand and the coral skeleton are good additives and diluents of the building materials with higher radioactivity levels, such as coal ash, slag and the like, so that the radioactivity level of the building materials is reduced, and the requirements of standard limit values are met. The method has certain reference significance for the ionizing radiation evaluation of building materials in the island engineering, and has certain guiding significance for application of coral sand and coral skeleton in other engineering.

Claims (10)

1. The application of coral sand and/or coral skeleton in preparing low-radioactivity building material is characterized in that the coral sand and/or coral skeleton is used as diluent and added into the building material raw material to prepare the building material; the building material is concrete.
2. Use of coral sand and/or coral skeleton according to claim 1 for the preparation of a low-radioactivity building material, wherein when the building material comprises coral sand, the coral sand contains coral sand238The activity of U is 16.8-38.2Bq/kg,226the Ra activity is 0.48-9.96Bq/kg,228the Ra activity is 0.50-5.84Bq/kg,40the activity of K is 2.15-76.5 Bq/kg.
3. The coral sand of claim 1And/or coral skeleton in preparing low-radioactivity building material, characterized in that, when the building material contains coral skeleton, the coral skeleton is contained in the coral skeleton238The U activity is 24.6-35.7Bq/kg,226the Ra activity is 0.18-7.44Bq/kg,228the Ra activity is 2.29-29.3Bq/kg,40the activity of K is 4.64-27.5 Bq/kg.
4. Use of coral sand and/or coral skeleton according to claim 1 in the preparation of a low-radioactivity building material, wherein said building material is prepared from coarse aggregate, cement, water-reducing agent, coral sand and/or coral skeleton.
5. Use of coral sand and/or coral skeleton in the preparation of a low-radioactivity building material according to claim 4, wherein the total mass of said coral sand and/or coral skeleton is 20-60% of the total mass of the coarse aggregate.
6. Use of coral sand and/or coral skeleton in the preparation of a low-radioactivity building material according to claim 4, wherein said coarse aggregate is coal ash and/or slag.
7. Use of coral sand and/or coral skeleton according to claim 4 in the preparation of a low-radioactivity building material, wherein said cement is any one of ordinary portland cement, composite portland cement and sulfate-resistant cement.
8. Use of coral sand and/or coral skeleton in the preparation of a low-radioactivity building material according to claim 4, wherein said water is natural seawater or artificial seawater.
9. Use of coral sand and/or coral skeleton according to claim 4 in the preparation of a low-emissivity building material, wherein said water-reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid water-reducing agent.
10. The use of coral sand and/or coral skeleton in the preparation of low-radioactivity building material according to claim 4, wherein the mass ratio of the coarse aggregate, cement, water and water reducing agent is 0.3-0.8:1-1.5:0.3-0.5: 0.02-0.05.
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