CN111499203A - Method for manufacturing cast stone and cooperatively treating hazardous wastes by utilizing red mud - Google Patents

Method for manufacturing cast stone and cooperatively treating hazardous wastes by utilizing red mud Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111499203A
CN111499203A CN202010434220.0A CN202010434220A CN111499203A CN 111499203 A CN111499203 A CN 111499203A CN 202010434220 A CN202010434220 A CN 202010434220A CN 111499203 A CN111499203 A CN 111499203A
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cast stone
glass melting
red mud
kiln
rotary kiln
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CN202010434220.0A
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冯承湖
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Dezhou Quanrun Environmental Resources Co ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C10/00Devitrified glass ceramics, i.e. glass ceramics having a crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by weight of the total composition
    • C03C10/0063Devitrified glass ceramics, i.e. glass ceramics having a crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by weight of the total composition containing waste materials, e.g. slags
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03BMANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B19/00Other methods of shaping glass
    • C03B19/02Other methods of shaping glass by casting molten glass, e.g. injection moulding
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03BMANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B32/00Thermal after-treatment of glass products not provided for in groups C03B19/00, C03B25/00 - C03B31/00 or C03B37/00, e.g. crystallisation, eliminating gas inclusions or other impurities; Hot-pressing vitrified, non-porous, shaped glass products
    • C03B32/02Thermal crystallisation, e.g. for crystallising glass bodies into glass-ceramic articles
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C1/00Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels
    • C03C1/002Use of waste materials, e.g. slags
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13Compounding ingredients
    • C04B33/132Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13Compounding ingredients
    • C04B33/132Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
    • C04B33/1321Waste slurries, e.g. harbour sludge, industrial muds
    • C04B33/1322Red mud
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13Compounding ingredients
    • C04B33/132Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
    • C04B33/1328Waste materials; Refuse; Residues without additional clay
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00Clay-wares
    • C04B33/32Burning methods
    • C04B33/323Burning methods involving melting, fusion or softening
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/65Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
    • C04B2235/656Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
    • C04B2235/6562Heating rate
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/60Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

A method for manufacturing cast stone and cooperatively processing hazardous wastes by utilizing red mud comprises the following steps: (1) the outlet of the rotary kiln is provided with a steering valve, the outlet of the rotary kiln is at least connected with two glass melting kilns through the arranged steering valve, and auxiliary material inlets are arranged in the glass melting kilns; (2) mixing red mud and hazardous wastes in a rotary kiln for incineration; (3) alternately inputting high-temperature furnace slag at a high-temperature waste gas outlet at the tail of the rotary kiln into each glass melting kiln, inputting an adjusting auxiliary material into the glass melting kiln through an auxiliary material inlet of the glass melting kiln, and (4) pouring liquid molten rocks in each glass melting kiln after the qualified acidity value is adjusted into a mould, and crystallizing a cast stone product under a heat preservation state; (5) and after crystallization is finished, slowly cooling the mold, annealing the cast stone product, and cooling to room temperature. The invention can combine the dangerous waste incineration of the rotary kiln with the glass melting kiln to produce the artificial cast stone, fully utilize the red mud, reduce the industrial standard regulation of the energy consumption quota of the cast stone product and fully improve the strength of the cast stone.

Description

Method for manufacturing cast stone and cooperatively treating hazardous wastes by utilizing red mud
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for recycling red mud solid waste generated in an alumina manufacturing process, and belongs to the technical field of red mud treatment.
Background
The industrial waste red mud generated in the alumina manufacturing process is an industrial waste which has a large production amount, occupies a large area and is easy to generate ecological risks. The red mud treatment process is complex, the red mud is mostly stacked in a yard, and is stacked by a damming wet method, and the solution is returned and reused by natural sedimentation and separation. And the red mud is dried, dehydrated and then stockpiled in a dry method. The two methods not only occupy a large amount of land, but also can not reasonably utilize a plurality of available components in the red mud, thereby causing secondary waste of resources.
The cast stone is a non-metal corrosion-resistant material, can be processed into a plate, and a cast stone product forms a protective film on the surface after high-temperature melting, vitrification and crystallization, so that the cast stone becomes an excellent building and special material. The cast stone is made up of raw materials and proportioning raw materials through the processes of melting, casting, crystallizing and annealing. The cast stone raw material must be homogeneous, fine-grained undegraded raw rock, free of traps and more than 2 mm olivine, pyroxene speckles, mainly natural rock minerals such as basalt and diabase, with a chemical composition mainly of SiO2、Al2O3、CaO、MgO、FeO、Fe2O3、K2O+Na2O, halides, and the like. The proportioning of the raw materials has the effects of adjusting the chemical components of the ore, reducing the melting temperature of the raw materials and increasing the fluidity, and the main proportioning of the raw materials comprises hornblende, dolomite, serpentine, fluorite, chromite and the like. The cast stone takes chromite or ilmenite as a crystallizing agent.
The alumina production method has three methods, namely a Bayer method, a sintering method and a combination method, and the red mud produced by the three different methods has different components, properties and phases. Red mud is an insoluble residue, mainly composed of fine and coarse particles, and the chemical composition differs depending on the place of production of bauxite and the method of production of alumina. The sintering method red mud mainly comprises the following components: ca2Si04,Na20.A1203.2Si02.nH20,3CaO.A1203.4S102(hydrated garnet), red mud-containing liquid (containing Na)2C03Water of (d). The main components of the Bayer process red mud are as follows: na (Na)20.A1203.2Si02.nH20,3CaO.A1203.4S102,aO.A1203.2Si02.nH20, adsorbing the red mud.
The physical and chemical properties of red mud mainly comprise two indexes of cation exchange and specific surface area. The red mud cation exchange capacity is higher overall, the numerical value amplitude is large, the very large exchange capacity is 578.1me/kg soil, the smaller is 207.9me/kg soil, and the majority is 250 me/kg-300 me/kg soil; the value is higher than expansive soil and kaolin and lower than illite and monte soil, which indicates that the exchange quantity of the red mud is unstable. The specific surface area (the size of the specific surface area reflects the dispersion degree and the crystal lattice structure of clay minerals) of the red mud is higher, the very large value is 186.9m2/g, the small value is 64.09m2/g, the size difference is very large, and the variation range is large, so that the mineral dispersion degree and the crystal lattice structure difference of the red mud are obvious.
With the development of the aluminum industry and the reduction of the grade of bauxite ore, the amount of red mud is increased, and the red mud needs to be reprocessed and utilized to turn waste into wealth and reduce pollution. If the red mud is made into cast stone, the red mud can be greatly utilized.
CN109206121A discloses "a process for producing a cast stone plate", which comprises the following steps: A. preparing materials: firstly, selecting 55-65 mass percent of gold ore tailing powder with the granularity less than 0.125 mm, 25-30 mass percent of kaolin or powdery clay and 5-25 mass percent of ingredients, mixing the raw materials, adding water, and uniformly stirring; B. die filling: putting the uniformly stirred raw materials into a mould to be formed into a prefabricated plate, placing the prefabricated plate together with the mould to be heated; C. heating: placing the formed precast slab or the precast slab and the die into a heating furnace for heating, wherein the heating temperature is controlled at 900 ℃ and 1400 ℃, and the heating time lasts for 3-15 hours; D. crystallization and annealing: transferring the cast stone plate into a tunnel kiln, a shuttle kiln or a roller kiln, carrying out crystallization treatment at 1000 ℃ for 60-120 min, and then annealing and cooling to room temperature; E. and (6) demolding.
The process adopts gold mine tailing powder as a raw material, and the components of the raw material are greatly different from those of red mud, so that the raw material cannot be directly utilized for manufacturing cast stone by the red mud. At present, no mature process for manufacturing cast stone by utilizing red mud exists.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing red mud treatment technology, the invention provides the method for producing cast stone and cooperatively treating hazardous wastes by utilizing red mud, which has the characteristics of low energy consumption, high efficiency and avoidance of hazardous wastes generated by the red mud.
The invention discloses a method for manufacturing cast stone and cooperatively treating hazardous wastes by utilizing red mud, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the outlet of the rotary kiln is provided with a steering valve, the outlet of the rotary kiln is at least connected with two glass melting kilns through the arranged steering valve, and auxiliary material inlets are arranged in the glass melting kilns;
(2) mixing and burning the red mud and the hazardous wastes in a rotary kiln, wherein high-temperature slag is produced in the process; and the waste gas is discharged after being treated according to relevant regulation standards.
(3) High-temperature furnace slag at a high-temperature waste gas outlet at the tail of a rotary kiln is alternately input into each glass melting kiln through a steering valve, and an adjusting auxiliary material is input into the glass melting kilns through an auxiliary material inlet of the glass melting kilns, so that the glass melting kilns alternately adjust the composition of the molten furnace slag, the acidity value MK of the molten furnace slag is changed, the composition of the molten furnace slag in the glass melting kilns is analyzed in real time, and the acidity value of the molten furnace slag is adjusted to 1.2-2.0 by adjusting the addition amount of the adjusting auxiliary material;
the acidity value MK ═ W (SiO)2+Al2O3)/W(NaO2+ CaO + MgO), W represents the weight percentage, and the symbol of each oxide represents the percentage content of each oxide in the composition.
The adjusting auxiliary materials can be waste glass, quartz sand, fly ash or steel slag and the like.
(4) Pouring the liquid lava in each glass melting furnace into a mould after the qualified acidity value is adjusted; crystallizing the cast stone product by the mould under the heat preservation state;
the heat preservation state is that the temperature is kept for 2.5 to 3.5 hours at the temperature of 750-.
(5) And annealing the cast stone product and cooling to room temperature.
The annealing is that after the crystallization is finished, the temperature of the mould is reduced to 650-900 ℃ and then is reduced to the room temperature within 24-36 hours.
Finally, demoulding to prepare a cast stone finished product, wherein the cast stone product is generally a thin plate material.
The invention adopts the rotary kiln to connect with the glass melting kiln for modulation process, can burn the dangerous waste of the rotary kiln to combine with the glass melting kiln, and produces the artificial cast stone through casting, crystallization and annealing processes after modulation, and the artificial cast stone meets the industrial cast stone product standard, thereby not only fully utilizing the red mud, but also greatly reducing the industrial standard specification of the energy consumption quota of the cast stone product, fully improving the strength of the cast stone, ensuring the enhancement of the bearing capacity of the cast stone product and prolonging the service life of the cast stone product.
Detailed Description
Among the methods for disposing hazardous wastes, rotary kiln incineration is the main disposal method at present. After the high-temperature residue generated by burning the hazardous waste rotary kiln and the red mud are combined and modulated, the basic chemical composition of cast stone can be met, and the method becomes a method for manufacturing artificial cast stone and cooperatively treating hazardous wastes by using the red mud.
The invention utilizes the red mud to manufacture cast stone and cooperatively process dangerous waste, adopts the rotary kiln connected with the glass melting kiln to modulate, can combine the dangerous waste incineration of the rotary kiln with the glass melting kiln to produce the artificial cast stone, and greatly reduces the industrial standard regulation of the energy consumption quota of the cast stone product.
The method for manufacturing cast stone and cooperatively processing hazardous wastes by utilizing red mud has the following specific processes.
(1) The outlet of the rotary kiln is provided with a steering valve, the outlet of the rotary kiln is at least connected with two glass melting kilns through the steering valve, and an auxiliary material inlet is arranged in the glass melting kilns.
(2) The red mud and the hazardous waste are mixed and burned in the rotary kiln, the waste gas is treated according to relevant regulation standards and then is discharged, and high-temperature slag is produced in the process. By burning the hazardous waste in the rotary kiln, the heat of burning the hazardous waste is fully utilized.
(3) And (3) alternately inputting the high-temperature furnace slag generated in the step (2) into each glass melting kiln by utilizing a steering valve at the outlet of the rotary kiln, inputting adjusting auxiliary materials such as waste glass, quartz sand, fly ash or steel slag into the glass melting kilns through auxiliary material inlets of the glass melting kilns, analyzing the composition of the molten furnace slag in the glass melting kilns in real time, and adjusting the acidity value of the molten furnace slag to 1.2-2.0 by adjusting the addition amount of the adjusting auxiliary materials.
The acidity value is an important comprehensive parameter for characterizing the high-temperature viscosity, the fusibility and the water resistance of a melt. Acidity value MK ═ W (SiO)2+Al2O3)/W(NaO2+ CaO + MgO), where W represents the weight percentage and the symbol for each oxide represents the percentage of each oxide in the composition. The input amount of the auxiliary materials is adjusted, the acidity value MK of the molten slag can be adjusted to 1.2-2.0 by reference according to the process requirements, and the concrete can be determined according to the requirements of cast stone products. And analyzing the composition of the furnace burden in the melting furnace in real time to adjust the final lava component so that the acidity value of the lava component meets the process requirement.
The heating mode of the glass melting furnace can adopt electric heating, pure oxygen combustion and other modes, and the emission of waste gas and pollutants is reduced.
(4) And pouring the liquid lava in each glass melting furnace after the qualified acidity value is adjusted into a cast stone product mold. Rapidly sending the mold into a roller kiln for heat preservation, wherein the heat preservation temperature is 750-1000 ℃, and keeping for 2.5-3.5 hours in the heat preservation state to crystallize the cast stone product;
(5) and after crystallization, stopping heat preservation of the mold in the tunnel kiln, cooling to 650-900 ℃ along with the kiln, and then annealing, namely cooling to room temperature within 24-36 hours to anneal the cast stone product.
Finally, demoulding to prepare a cast stone finished product, wherein the hardness, the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance of the produced cast stone product all reach the industrial standard.

Claims (5)

1. A method for manufacturing cast stone and cooperatively processing hazardous wastes by utilizing red mud is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the outlet of the rotary kiln is provided with a steering valve, the outlet of the rotary kiln is at least connected with two glass melting kilns through the arranged steering valve, and auxiliary material inlets are arranged in the glass melting kilns;
(2) mixing and burning the red mud and the hazardous wastes in a rotary kiln, wherein high-temperature slag is produced in the process;
(3) high-temperature furnace slag at a high-temperature waste gas outlet at the tail of a rotary kiln is alternately input into each glass melting kiln through a steering valve, and an adjusting auxiliary material is input into the glass melting kilns through an auxiliary material inlet of the glass melting kilns, so that the glass melting kilns alternately adjust the composition of the molten furnace slag, the acidity value MK of the molten furnace slag is changed, the composition of the molten furnace slag in the glass melting kilns is analyzed in real time, and the acidity value of the molten furnace slag is adjusted to 1.2-2.0 by adjusting the addition amount of the adjusting auxiliary material;
(4) pouring the liquid lava in each glass melting furnace into a mould after the qualified acidity value is adjusted; crystallizing the cast stone product by the mould under the heat preservation state;
(5) and after crystallization is finished, slowly cooling the mold, annealing the cast stone product, and cooling to room temperature.
2. The method for producing cast stone from red mud according to claim 1, wherein said acidity value MK ═ W (SiO) is used as said hazardous waste2+Al2O3)/W(NaO2+ CaO + MgO), W represents the weight percentage, and the symbol of each oxide represents the percentage content of each oxide in the composition.
3. The method for manufacturing cast stone and co-processing hazardous wastes according to claim 1, wherein the adjusting auxiliary materials can be waste glass, quartz sand, fly ash or steel slag.
4. The method for manufacturing cast stone and co-processing hazardous wastes according to claim 1, wherein the heat preservation state is that the heat preservation temperature is kept at 750-1000 ℃ for 2.5-3.5 hours.
5. The method for manufacturing cast stone and co-processing hazardous wastes according to claim 1, wherein the annealing is cooling the mold to 650-900 ℃ after the crystallization is finished, and then cooling to room temperature within 24-36 hours.
CN202010434220.0A 2020-05-20 2020-05-20 Method for manufacturing cast stone and cooperatively treating hazardous wastes by utilizing red mud Pending CN111499203A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010434220.0A CN111499203A (en) 2020-05-20 2020-05-20 Method for manufacturing cast stone and cooperatively treating hazardous wastes by utilizing red mud

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010434220.0A CN111499203A (en) 2020-05-20 2020-05-20 Method for manufacturing cast stone and cooperatively treating hazardous wastes by utilizing red mud

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106424079A (en) * 2016-09-30 2017-02-22 冯承湖 Melting treatment process of hazardous waste incineration furnace slag
CN107879633A (en) * 2017-12-04 2018-04-06 江苏省冶金设计院有限公司 Green glass-ceramic and preparation method thereof
CN110510882A (en) * 2019-09-25 2019-11-29 北京科技大学 A kind of pyroxene base cast stone and preparation method thereof

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106424079A (en) * 2016-09-30 2017-02-22 冯承湖 Melting treatment process of hazardous waste incineration furnace slag
CN107879633A (en) * 2017-12-04 2018-04-06 江苏省冶金设计院有限公司 Green glass-ceramic and preparation method thereof
CN110510882A (en) * 2019-09-25 2019-11-29 北京科技大学 A kind of pyroxene base cast stone and preparation method thereof

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Address after: 251507 north of Panhe village, Linpan sub district office, Linyi County, De Zhou City, Shandong Province

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Address before: 22nd floor, no.a3-5, Hanyu Jinggu, no.7000, Jingshi East Road, high tech Zone, Jinan City, Shandong Province 250010

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