CN111497231A - 3D printing method and device, storage medium and 3D printing system - Google Patents
3D printing method and device, storage medium and 3D printing system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111497231A CN111497231A CN202010297980.1A CN202010297980A CN111497231A CN 111497231 A CN111497231 A CN 111497231A CN 202010297980 A CN202010297980 A CN 202010297980A CN 111497231 A CN111497231 A CN 111497231A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/124—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/264—Arrangements for irradiation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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Abstract
The application provides a 3D printing method, a device, a storage medium and a 3D printing system, wherein the method comprises the following steps: obtaining a plurality of slices of a workpiece model to be printed; determining a control parameter corresponding to each slice, wherein the control parameter is used for controlling the printing precision when the slices are printed, and the control parameters corresponding to at least two slices are different; and printing the slices according to the control parameters corresponding to each slice to obtain the workpiece corresponding to the workpiece model to be printed. The printing precision during printing of each slice is controlled by determining the control parameter corresponding to each slice of the workpiece model to be printed, so that different parts of the workpiece can be printed with different precisions, the printing with relatively high precision can better reflect details, and the printing with relatively low precision can keep the printing efficiency. Therefore, printing with different precision can be realized for different parts of the workpiece, and the printing quality can be ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of 3D printing, in particular to a 3D printing method, a device, a storage medium and a 3D printing system.
Background
The existing photocuring 3D printer is generally equipped with only one optical machine, the resolution size of the optical machine is generally fixed and single, and the size of a single pixel is also constant, so that the accuracy of printing and forming of the printer is determined, and the resolution of the optical machine limits the printing accuracy of the printer and the surface quality of a printed product. At present, the printing format of the variable format printing can be changed by changing the focal length of the camera, but the printing resolution cannot be changed, so that the 3D printing quality is difficult to improve on the basis.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a 3D printing method, an apparatus, a storage medium, and a 3D printing system, so as to achieve printing with high efficiency and high quality.
In order to achieve the above object, embodiments of the present application are implemented as follows:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a 3D printing method, including: obtaining a plurality of slices of a workpiece model to be printed; determining a control parameter corresponding to each slice, wherein the control parameter is used for controlling the printing precision when the slices are printed, and the control parameters corresponding to at least two slices are different; and printing the slices according to the control parameters corresponding to each slice to obtain the workpiece corresponding to the workpiece model to be printed.
In the embodiment of the application, the printing precision during printing the slice is controlled by determining the control parameter corresponding to each slice of the workpiece model to be printed, so that different parts of the workpiece can be printed with different precisions, the printing with relatively high precision can better reflect details, and the printing with relatively low precision can improve the printing efficiency. Therefore, different parts of the workpiece can be printed with different precision, so that the printing quality can be ensured, and the printing efficiency can be improved.
With reference to the first aspect, in a first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the determining a control parameter corresponding to each slice includes: determining a printing area corresponding to each slice in the workpiece model to be printed; and determining the control parameters corresponding to the slice according to the printing area corresponding to the slice.
In the implementation mode, printing with different precisions can be realized for different areas by setting the printing area of the workpiece model to be printed, and the corresponding control parameter (namely the printing precision) is determined by determining the area of the slice corresponding to the workpiece model to be printed, so that the control parameter of the slice can be simply, conveniently and accurately determined.
With reference to the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, when the slice corresponds to multiple print areas, the determining, according to the print area corresponding to the slice, a control parameter corresponding to the slice includes: determining a control parameter corresponding to each printing area in a plurality of printing areas corresponding to the slice; and determining the control parameter with the highest printing precision in the plurality of control parameters as the control parameter corresponding to the slice.
In this implementation manner, by determining the control parameter with the highest printing precision in the plurality of control parameters corresponding to the slice as the control parameter corresponding to the slice, the printing precision can meet the requirement, and the situation that the printing quality is affected due to insufficient printing precision is avoided.
With reference to the first aspect, in a third possible implementation manner of the first aspect, when the control parameter corresponding to the slice is the first parameter, a single projection of the slice is performed by an optical machine in a 3D printer, so as to print a slice layer corresponding to the slice in the workpiece; and when the control parameter corresponding to the slice is a second parameter, performing pixel offset multiple times of projection on the slice through the light machine in the 3D printer so as to print a slice layer corresponding to the slice in the workpiece.
In this implementation, through determining the corresponding projection according to each slice and the control parameter that this slice corresponds to print the corresponding slice layer, can guarantee the accuracy of printing. And different projections are given when the control parameter is the first parameter or the second parameter, so that printing with different precision is realized. By the mode, printing with different resolutions of the same optical machine can be realized on the basis of not adding an additional optical machine, so that high-efficiency and high-quality printing can be realized on the basis of saving cost.
With reference to the third possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the performing, by the 3D printer central optical engine, multiple projections of pixel offset on the slice includes: projecting the slice to determine a first image layer; and projecting the slice after offsetting the preset vectors to determine second image layers, wherein the number of the second image layers is one or more, and when the number of the second image layers is multiple, each second image layer is obtained after offsetting different preset vectors of the slice.
In this implementation, different layers (a first layer and a second layer) are obtained by offsetting the slice with a preset vector, and the layers are superimposed (where the superimposition can be naturally implemented for printing, that is, after a layer is printed, the printing is performed on the layer, and then the printing is performed between the two layers naturally), so that the resolution ratio is improved, and thus, the printing function of multiple resolutions on the same optical machine is realized.
With reference to the fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a fifth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, after the determining the first layer, the method further includes: carrying out gray level processing on the contour edge of the first image layer; correspondingly, after the second image layer is determined, the method further includes: and carrying out gray level processing on the contour edge of the second image layer.
In the implementation mode, the first image layer and the second image layer are printed by performing gray level processing on the contour edges of the first image layer and the second image layer, so that a certain gray level feature can be effectively formed on the graph of the contour edge of the image layers, the purpose of reducing sawteeth is achieved, and the edge of the printed workpiece is smoother.
With reference to the first aspect, in a sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the 3D printing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the manner of printing the slices is 3D printing based on a surface exposure type.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a 3D printing apparatus, including: the system comprises a slice obtaining module, a printing module and a control module, wherein the slice obtaining module is used for obtaining a plurality of slices of a workpiece model to be printed; the parameter determining module is used for determining a control parameter corresponding to each slice, wherein the control parameter is used for controlling the printing precision when the slices are printed, and the control parameters corresponding to at least two slices are different; and the workpiece printing module is used for printing the slices according to the control parameters corresponding to the slices so as to obtain the workpieces corresponding to the workpiece models to be printed.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a storage medium, where the storage medium stores one or more programs, and the one or more programs are executable by one or more processors to implement the 3D printing method according to the first aspect or any one of the possible implementation manners of the first aspect.
In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a 3D printing system, including an optical machine, a control portion and a printing portion, the optical machine and the printing portion are respectively connected to the control portion, and the optical machine, the control portion and the printing portion are mutually matched to be used for executing the first aspect or any one of possible implementation manners of the first aspect, the 3D printing method is used for realizing printing of a workpiece.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and that those skilled in the art can also obtain other related drawings based on the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 illustrates operations of modeling and cutting in a 3D printing technique.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a printing operation of the photocuring 3D printing.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a 3D printing method according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a bottle model according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a tooth model according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a projection of a slice using the native resolution of an optical engine according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 7A is a schematic diagram of a first layer corresponding to a slice according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 7B is a schematic diagram of determining a second layer corresponding to a slice through pixel shifting according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a 2-fold resolution projection of a slice through pixel shift according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a 4-resolution projection of a slice through pixel shift according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of 16-fold resolution projection of a slice by pixel shift according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 11 is a block diagram of a 3D printing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application.
Icon: 100-3D printer; 101-an optical machine; 102-a light-transmitting portion; 103-material tray; 104 a forming platform; 10-3D printing device; 11-a slice acquisition module; 12-parameter determination module 12; 13-workpiece print module 13.
For convenience of picture representation, the shaded portions in the drawings are exposed portions, and the highlighted portions in the drawings are unexposed portions.
Detailed Description
At present, 3D printing is well known, and 3D printing can be realized to the work piece by the 3D printer, mainly through following mode realization 3D printing: as shown in fig. 1, modeling is performed by modeling software (modeling of a workpiece to be printed), and then the built three-dimensional model is cut into sections layer by layer (i.e., a slicing operation is performed to obtain a plurality of sliced layers). The 3D printer 100 prints layer by layer according to the cross section, for example, a photocuring 3D printing is performed, as shown in fig. 2, a printed material is formed on a forming table 104, after each layer of printed material is printed, the forming table 104 is raised to a height equal to the thickness of the next layer of sliced material (the thickness of the new layer of printed material), then a bare engine 101 projects light to a light-transmitting portion 102 at the bottom of a tray 103, the photocuring printed material in an exposure area is converged and solidified into a polymer, a new layer of printed material is formed between the unfinished printed material and the bottom of the tray 103, the new printed material is attached to the unfinished printed material, the printing operation of the one layer of sliced material is completed, and then the forming table is raised a distance again to prepare for printing the next layer of sliced material. Thus, the three-dimensional printing piece is obtained by layer-by-layer printing.
Generally, only one optical machine is arranged in a traditional photocuring 3D printer, the resolution of the optical machine is generally fixed and single, which determines the pixel resolution of the printing formation of the printer, and the resolution of the optical machine limits the printing precision of the printer and the surface quality of the printed matter. In addition, the pixel resolution of the printing formation of the photo-curing 3D printer is also generally fixed, and is generally of a medium specification (such as 1080P or 2K). Due to current technical maturity and cost limitations, there are few commercially available 3D printers of 4K or higher pixels.
Therefore, the inventor of the present application proposes a 3D printing method that can realize 3D printing with variable resolution to achieve both printing quality and efficiency.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.
Since the 3D printing method provided in the embodiment of the present application can be implemented by a 3D printing system (which may be a 3D printer with highly integrated functions, or a 3D printing system including an image processing apparatus and a printing apparatus), before the 3D printing method is described, a brief description of the 3D printing system is provided here.
The 3D printing system may be a 3D printer with highly integrated functions, and at this time, the 3D printer (i.e., the 3D printing system) may perform all the steps (of course, some steps may also be performed, and are not limited here) in the 3D printing method provided in the embodiment of the present application, so as to implement 3D printing on a workpiece.
In this case, the 3D printing system may include an optical machine (i.e., a photo-curing printer, such as a surface exposure type photo-curing printer including, but not limited to, a D L P3D printer or a L CD3D printer), a control unit and a printing unit, the control unit may process data, such as slicing the model, controlling a projection mode of the optical machine, and the optical machine may project data according to the slice, so as to achieve 3D printing of the workpiece, and of course, the 3D printing system is only described by way of example and should not be construed as limiting the present application.
The image processing device can be a terminal device (such as a personal computer, a smart phone, and the like) or a server (such as a network server, a cloud server, and the like), and mainly aims to realize processing of an image (such as modeling of a workpiece to be printed, slicing of the model, determination of control parameters, and the like) and sending a processed file (such as an obtained slice, control parameters corresponding to the slice, and the like) to the 3D printer.
It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, the 3D printing method is described by taking the 3D printing system as an execution subject, which is for convenience of description and should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.
Referring to fig. 3, in the present embodiment, the flow of the 3D printing method may include step S10, step S20, and step S30.
To better understand the present solution, before the 3D printing system performs step S10, a description is given to modeling and slicing processes.
In this embodiment, in order to implement 3D printing on one workpiece (e.g., implement 3D printing on one bottle), a corresponding workpiece model (i.e., a workpiece model to be printed) may be first established based on the structure of the workpiece.
In order to give consideration to both printing quality and printing efficiency, the workpiece model to be printed can be partitioned, and different partitions can be printed with different printing accuracies according to needs, so that the printed workpiece is finely printed (relatively high-accuracy printing) on the part needing fine printing, and the printing quality is improved; and for the part which does not need to be printed finely, normal printing (relatively low-precision printing, namely printing by adopting the original resolution of the optical machine) can be adopted, so that the printing efficiency is improved.
In this embodiment, the partition method for the workpiece model to be printed may be a preset method (that is, setting is performed according to the needs of the user, the workpiece model to be printed is partitioned, and a plurality of different printing areas are determined); the partitioning of the workpiece model to be printed may also be automatically implemented by using an algorithm model (for example, the partitioning of the printing area is implemented according to the complexity of lines or figures in the workpiece model to be printed, or whether the partitioning of the printing area is determined by judging whether the area is complex or not according to the ratio of the outline area to the perimeter of the figures on the cross section).
For example, referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic view of a bottle mold. For the bottle model, the algorithm model may partition the bottle model: print area a1 (i.e., the bottle cap portion, requiring fine printing) and print area a2 (i.e., the body portion, requiring no fine printing). Of course, the partition may be implemented by setting according to the needs of the user, and is not limited here.
For another example, please refer to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a tooth model. For the tooth model, the algorithm model can perform region division on the tooth model in a section mode: for teeth, a print area B1 that requires fine rendering is determined as fine printed (the corresponding cross section is the critical cross section), while for gingiva, a print area B2 that does not require fine printing (the corresponding cross section is the secondary cross section) is determined as not fine printed, wherein the distinction between teeth and gingiva can be bounded by the gum line.
Of course, there are some situations that are not illustrated here, but are also within the scope of the present solution, for example, there are staggered portions in different printing areas of the workpiece model to be printed, or the different printing areas are alternately changed.
Then, the 3D printing system may perform step S10.
Step S10: a plurality of slices of the workpiece model to be printed are obtained.
In this embodiment, the 3D printing system may perform a slicing operation on the workpiece model to be printed, so as to obtain a plurality of slices of the workpiece model to be printed.
After obtaining the plurality of slices of the workpiece model to be printed, the 3D printing system may perform step S20. It should be noted that, in some realizable manners, the step S10 and the step S20 may also be performed simultaneously, for example, when one slice is determined, the control parameter corresponding to the slice is correspondingly determined. Accordingly, the manner of description herein is illustrative only and should not be taken as limiting the application.
Step S20: and determining a control parameter corresponding to each slice, wherein the control parameter is used for controlling the printing precision when the slices are printed, and the control parameters corresponding to at least two slices are different. Referring to fig. 1, after the model is subjected to a slicing operation (i.e., cutting), a plurality of slices are obtained, and the difference between the control parameters of at least two slices refers to: for example, the control parameters corresponding to the nth layer of slices may be different from the control parameters corresponding to the mth layer of slices.
In this embodiment, the 3D printing system may determine a control parameter (for controlling the printing accuracy when printing the slice) corresponding to each slice.
For example, the 3D printing system may determine a printing area corresponding to each slice in the workpiece model to be printed, so as to determine the control parameter corresponding to the slice according to the printing area corresponding to the slice.
For example, referring to fig. 5 again, for printing of the dental model, when the slice belongs to the printing region B2, the section corresponding to the slice is a secondary section, and without fine printing, the control parameter corresponding to the secondary section (the control parameter with the lowest printing accuracy may be determined, or the control parameter with other printing accuracy may be determined, but the control parameter with the highest printing accuracy cannot be determined). Of course, the manner of determining the corresponding control parameter according to the printing area may be determined by looking up a preset correspondence table (including the correspondence between the printing area and the control parameter), and is not limited herein.
Through setting up the print zone of waiting to print the workpiece model, will print the workpiece model and divide into different print zones, can realize the printing of different precisions to different zones, and through determining the region that the section corresponds in waiting to print the workpiece model, determine corresponding control parameter to can portably and accurately determine sliced control parameter.
When a slice corresponds to multiple printing areas in a workpiece model to be printed, in order to avoid the situation that the printing precision of the slice is insufficient and the printing quality is affected, the 3D printing system may determine a control parameter corresponding to each printing area in the multiple printing areas corresponding to the slice, and determine a control parameter with the highest printing precision among the multiple control parameters as the control parameter corresponding to the slice. Therefore, the printing precision of the slice can meet the requirement, and the problem that the printing quality is influenced due to insufficient printing precision is solved.
After determining the control parameters corresponding to each slice, the 3D printing system may perform step S30.
Step S30: and printing the slices according to the control parameters corresponding to each slice to obtain the workpiece corresponding to the workpiece model to be printed.
In this embodiment, the 3D printer may print the slice layer corresponding to the slice in the workpiece by a single projection of the optical machine in the 3D printer on the slice when the control parameter corresponding to the slice is the first parameter; and when the control parameter corresponding to the slice is the second parameter, performing pixel offset multiple times of projection on the slice through a light machine in the 3D printer to print a slice layer corresponding to the slice in the workpiece.
For example, the 3D printer may determine a mapping policy corresponding to each slice according to each slice and a control parameter corresponding to the slice, and print a slice layer corresponding to the slice in the workpiece according to the mapping policy, where the mapping policy indicates a policy taken when printing the slice.
For example, the mode of determining the mapping strategy corresponding to the slice by the 3D printing system may be:
when the control parameter corresponding to the slice is the first parameter (e.g., T1, the resolution of the image layer of the slice is the lowest), the 3D printing system may perform a single projection of the slice by the optical engine, where the single projection represents the projection strategy corresponding to the slice (i.e., the projection is performed on the slice using the native resolution of the optical engine in the 3D printing system).
For example, referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a projection of a slice using the native resolution of an optical engine according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
And when the control parameter corresponding to the slice is the second parameter (for example, T2, T3, ·, Tn, the resolution of the layer of the slice gradually increases with the increase of n), the 3D printing system may perform multiple projections of pixel offset on the slice through the optical engine, where the multiple projections can represent the projection strategy corresponding to the slice (i.e., a schematic diagram of projecting the slice by using the optical engine in the 3D printer to increase the resolution through pixel offset).
For better understanding of the present solution, the principle of improving resolution by pixel shift is introduced here:
for example, for a D L P660TE chip, the original resolution is 2716x1528, four million pixels, and after diagonal dithering (namely diagonal), the printing resolution is close to the effect of 3840x2160, namely the effect of eight million pixels.
For example, the projection strategy corresponding to the slice may be: the 3D printing system projects the slice, determines a first image layer, projects the slice after deviating a preset vector and determines a second image layer, wherein the number of the second image layers is one or more, and when the number of the second image layers is more, each second image layer is obtained after deviating different preset vectors for the slice, namely, each second image layer is obtained after deviating different preset deviations for the slice along a certain direction.
In order to effectively reduce the jaggy and make the edge of the printed workpiece smoother, after the 3D printing system determines the first layer, the edge of the outline of the first layer may be subjected to grayscale processing, and after the second layer is determined, the edge of the outline of the second layer may be subjected to grayscale processing.
The gray processing can be performed on the edge of the layer, and the anti-aliasing effect can be achieved. In the printing process, where gradation processing is performed, the light intensity may be different. The polymer of the low gray scale region has a high crosslink density and the polymer of the high gray scale region has a low crosslink density at the same exposure time. It is understood that, in the pixel region where the edge portion has gray scale after the gray scale processing, there may be an incomplete curing effect, and such an effect may appear as a non-square object (e.g., a semicircle, a triangle, an ellipse, etc.). The edge of the resulting print will then appear smoother and less jagged.
Therefore, the first image layer and the second image layer are printed by performing gray level processing on the contour edges of the first image layer and the second image layer, so that certain gray level features can be effectively formed on the graph of the contour edges of the image layers, the purpose of reducing sawteeth is achieved, and the edge of the printed workpiece is smoother. Of course, in some other realizable modes, the gray scale processing may not be performed, and is not limited herein.
After the projection strategy corresponding to the slice is determined, the 3D printing system can print the slice layer corresponding to the slice in the workpiece according to the determined projection strategy. In other words, when the control parameter corresponding to one slice layer is determined, that is, the projection strategy corresponding to the slice layer is determined, the printing mode of the 3D printing system is determined, and the printing precision when the slice is printed is determined.
Naturally, the printing mode and the printing sequence are not limited here, and printing may be performed after one layer of one slice is determined according to the instruction of the mapping policy, and it is determined that each layer of the slice is printed one by one, and the sheets of each printed layer are overlapped together, that is, the printing of the corresponding slice layer of the slice in the workpiece is achieved. Of course, it is also possible to determine a part or all of the image layers corresponding to the slice and then print the image layers, so as to print the slice layer corresponding to the slice in the workpiece. Therefore, the present application should not be considered as limited herein.
Correspondingly, the phrase "the printed sheets of each layer are overlapped together" means that when the corresponding layer (the first layer or the second layer) is printed, a new printed sheet is formed on the basis of the forming platform or an unfinished printed product, and when the next layer is printed, a new printed sheet is formed on the basis of the previous printed sheet (i.e., on the basis of the unfinished printed product), and finally, a plurality of printed sheets are printed layer by layer, and the printed sheets are overlapped layer by layer, so that the corresponding cut layer of the cut sheet in the workpiece is printed.
For example, referring to fig. 7A and 7B, fig. 7A and 7B are a schematic diagram of a first layer and a schematic diagram of a second layer corresponding to a slice determined by pixel offset according to an embodiment of the present application, respectively.
Assuming that a single pixel size (side length) is a, in fig. 7A, a reference point of a graphic (a two-dimensional shape of a slice) is an O point, and a projection effect of the graphic is as shown (i.e., a first layer). As shown in FIG. 7B, the reference edge of the graph is at point O3, it will be readily appreciated that the graph in FIG. 7B is diagonally offset relative to the graph in FIG. 7A
The effect of the projection is shown (i.e. the second layer). In the two projections, the graphs (the first layer and/or the second layer) can be selectively subjected to gray scale processing.
After the two projections, the first image layer and the second image layer are superimposed to form a schematic diagram corresponding to the current slice (that is, the printed sheets formed by the two projections are finally superimposed to form the current slice layer), and the presented effect is as shown in fig. 8. Comparing fig. 8 and 6, the pixel shift technique makes the printing effect of the current sliced layer more excellent in detail presentation. The printing resolution ratio finally presented is improved by 2 times, and the printing resolution ratio is close to 3840x2160, so that the 3D printer with only four million pixels can realize the printing effect of eight million pixels.
For example, referring to fig. 9, fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a chip of D L P470TE, where the original resolution is 1920 × 1080, and after dithering along lines of an X axis (horizontal axis) and a Y axis (vertical axis), the chip exhibits an effect (i.e., 4 times resolution) that a printing resolution is approximately 3840 × 2160, as shown in fig. 9, a position of a graphic is shifted 3 times (i.e., 3 times dithering) in directions of the X axis and the Y axis, an optical projection is performed for 4 times, and layers corresponding to 4 times of projection are shown in fig. 7 (including a first layer and 3 second layers), and after 4 superimposed projections, 4 pictures (i.e., the first layer and 3 second layers) exhibit an effect corresponding to a current slice as shown in fig. 7.
For the first projection, the optical engine projects a picture (first layer) corresponding to the slice, the reference point of the current projection is point O, and the projection effect is shown in fig. 9.
And (2) projecting, by the optical machine, a picture corresponding to the slice after the optical machine projects and deviates the preset vector, wherein the reference point of the current projected picture is a point O2, and it is easy to understand that the position of the current picture deviates, the deviation amount is a/2 (namely, the size of a half pixel point) and the deviation direction is upward compared with the first image layer projected for the first time. In order to overlap the printed sheets projected twice, the optical engine may perform adaptive adjustment on the whole projection plane during projection, so that the pictures projected twice before and after are overlapped (not completely overlapped, but the centers of the image layers are overlapped). After two projections, the two layers may be superimposed to present a corresponding print effect map as in fig. 9.
In the third projection, the optical machine projects the picture in fig. 9, and the reference point of the currently projected picture is point O3, it is easy to understand that, compared with the picture in the second projection, the position of the current picture is shifted by an amount of a/2 (half the pixel size), and the shift direction is rightward. And then, the optical machine adjusts the whole projection plane to complete the superposition step, so that the images projected by the front and the back three times are superposed. After three successive projections, three printed sheets (i.e., a first image layer and two second image layers offset by different preset vectors, where the different preset vectors refer to different directions, and may also be different in size in some other realizable manners, and are not limited herein) are finally superimposed to present a corresponding print effect diagram as in fig. 9.
In the fourth projection, the optical machine projects the picture in fig. 9, and the reference point of the currently projected picture is point O1, it is easy to understand that, compared with the third projected picture, the position of the current picture is shifted by an offset amount of a/2 (half the pixel size), and the shift direction is downward. And then, the optical machine adjusts the whole projection plane to complete the superposition step, so that the images projected by the front and the back four times are superposed. After four successive projections, the four printed sheets (i.e., the first image layer and the three second image layers offset by different preset vectors) are finally superimposed, and a corresponding print effect map as in fig. 9 is presented.
After 3 times of dithering (pixel shift) and 4 times of projection, the shift amount of each graph is a/2 (but the directions are different), and finally, a better printing effect is presented, so that the printing resolution is improved by 4 times and is close to 3840x 2160. So that a printer with only two million pixels achieves a printing effect of eight million pixels.
It should be noted that, as shown in fig. 7-9, under the condition of maintaining the printing format unchanged, the optical machine after adopting the pixel shift technique presents a higher printing resolution compared to the original resolution, for a 1080P D L P470TE chip, under the condition of maintaining the printing format unchanged, after the optical machine shakes for 3 times, the printing resolution of the optical machine becomes 4 times of the original resolution, and the display pixel size is reduced by 2 times (the original presentation mode of one pixel point becomes to be presented by 4 pixel points), so that the resolution of the detail features is higher.
An exemplary law relating pixel shift to resolution (which has a good accuracy and can be used for reference and understanding, but is not limited thereto, and other more accurate correspondences between pixel shift and resolution are also possible, even if they differ from this, and they fall within the interpretable range of the present application) is as follows, see table 1:
table 1: correspondence of pixel shift to resolution
For another example, referring to fig. 10, fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a 16-fold resolution projection of a slice by pixel shift according to an embodiment of the present application. The greater the number of dithers (pixel shifts) the better the final detail presentation and the higher the print resolution, while maintaining the same print swath. As shown in fig. 8, after the image features originally presented only by a single pixel are dithered, the image features are presented by 16 pictures (1 first layer and 15 second layers), which is close to the presentation effect of 16 pixels (one pixel is divided into 16 small pixels). Therefore, the detail presentation effect is greatly improved, so that a printing effect 16 times as high as the original resolution can be presented.
Different image layers (a first image layer and one or more second image layers) are obtained by offsetting the slice with a preset vector, and the image layers are superposed, so that the resolution is improved, and the multi-resolution projection of the same optical machine is realized. The number of times of resolution is not limited to an even number of times (for example, 9 times), and may be designed according to actual needs, and is not limited here. In this application, the control parameter may be a print resolution to be presented corresponding to the slice layer, may also be a shaking (pixel shift) number of the optical machine, may also be a multiple to be increased based on an original resolution of the optical machine, and may also be a shift amount of a preset pattern. Any parameter value that can be used to control the printing accuracy when printing the cut sheet can be used as the control parameter.
Referring to fig. 11, fig. 11 is a 3D printing apparatus 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, including:
and the slice obtaining module 11 is used for obtaining a plurality of slices of the workpiece model to be printed.
A parameter determining module 12, configured to determine a control parameter corresponding to each slice, where the control parameter is used to control printing accuracy when printing the slice, and the control parameters corresponding to at least two slices are different.
And the workpiece printing module 13 is configured to print the slice according to the control parameter corresponding to each slice, so as to obtain a workpiece corresponding to the workpiece model to be printed.
In this embodiment, the workpiece model to be printed includes a plurality of printing areas corresponding to different printing accuracies, and the parameter determining module 12 is further configured to determine a corresponding printing area of each slice in the workpiece model to be printed; and determining the control parameters corresponding to the slice according to the printing area corresponding to the slice.
In this embodiment, when the slice corresponds to a plurality of printing areas, the parameter determining module 12 is further configured to determine a control parameter corresponding to each of the plurality of printing areas corresponding to the slice; and determining the control parameter with the highest printing precision in the plurality of control parameters as the control parameter corresponding to the slice.
In this embodiment, the workpiece printing module 13 is further configured to print a slice layer corresponding to the slice in the workpiece by a single projection of an optical machine in a 3D printer on the slice when the control parameter corresponding to the slice is the first parameter; and when the control parameter corresponding to the slice is a second parameter, performing pixel offset multiple times of projection on the slice through the light machine in the 3D printer so as to print a slice layer corresponding to the slice in the workpiece.
In this embodiment, the workpiece printing module 13 is further configured to project the slice to determine a first layer; and projecting the slice after offsetting the preset vectors to determine second image layers, wherein the number of the second image layers is one or more, and when the number of the second image layers is multiple, each second image layer is obtained after offsetting different preset vectors of the slice.
In this embodiment, the apparatus further includes a grayscale processing module, configured to perform grayscale processing on a contour edge of a first layer after the workpiece printing module 13 determines the first layer; and after the workpiece printing module 13 determines a second layer, performing gray processing on the contour edge of the second layer.
Embodiments of the present application also provide a storage medium storing one or more programs, which are executable by one or more processors to implement the 3D printing method as described in the embodiments of the present application.
In summary, the embodiments of the present application provide a 3D printing method, apparatus, storage medium and 3D printing system, which control the printing precision when printing each slice of a to-be-printed workpiece model by determining a control parameter corresponding to each slice, so that different parts of a workpiece can be printed with different precisions, and because the printing with relatively high precision can better reflect details, and the printing with relatively low precision can improve the printing efficiency. Therefore, different parts of the workpiece can be printed with different precision, so that the printing quality can be ensured, and the printing efficiency can be improved.
In the embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other ways. The above-described apparatus embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the modules is merely a logical division, and there may be other divisions in actual implementation, and for example, a plurality of modules or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or modules through some communication interfaces, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
In this document, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions.
The above description is only an example of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A3D printing method, comprising:
obtaining a plurality of slices of a workpiece model to be printed;
determining a control parameter corresponding to each slice, wherein the control parameter is used for controlling the printing precision when the slices are printed, and the control parameters corresponding to at least two slices are different;
and printing the slices according to the control parameters corresponding to each slice to obtain the workpiece corresponding to the workpiece model to be printed.
2. The 3D printing method according to claim 1, wherein the workpiece model to be printed includes a plurality of printing areas corresponding to different printing precisions, and the determining the control parameter corresponding to each slice includes:
determining a printing area corresponding to each slice in the workpiece model to be printed;
and determining the control parameters corresponding to the slice according to the printing area corresponding to the slice.
3. The 3D printing method according to claim 2, wherein when the slice corresponds to a plurality of printing areas, the determining the control parameter corresponding to the slice according to the printing area corresponding to the slice includes:
determining a control parameter corresponding to each printing area in a plurality of printing areas corresponding to the slice;
and determining the control parameter with the highest printing precision in the plurality of control parameters as the control parameter corresponding to the slice.
4. The 3D printing method according to claim 1, wherein printing each slice according to the control parameter corresponding to the slice comprises:
when the control parameter corresponding to the slice is a first parameter, performing single projection on the slice through an optical machine in a 3D printer to print a slice layer corresponding to the slice in the workpiece;
and when the control parameter corresponding to the slice is a second parameter, performing pixel offset multiple times of projection on the slice through the light machine in the 3D printer so as to print a slice layer corresponding to the slice in the workpiece.
5. The 3D printing method according to claim 4, wherein the multiple projections of the slice by the 3D printer mid-light engine with pixel offsets comprises:
projecting the slice to determine a first image layer;
and projecting the slice after offsetting the preset vectors to determine second image layers, wherein the number of the second image layers is one or more, and when the number of the second image layers is multiple, each second image layer is obtained after offsetting different preset vectors of the slice.
6. The 3D printing method according to claim 5, wherein after said determining the first image layer, the method further comprises:
carrying out gray level processing on the contour edge of the first image layer;
correspondingly, after the second image layer is determined, the method further includes:
and carrying out gray level processing on the contour edge of the second image layer.
7. The 3D printing method according to claim 1, wherein the manner of printing the slices is 3D printing based on a surface exposure type.
8. A3D printing device, comprising:
the system comprises a slice obtaining module, a printing module and a control module, wherein the slice obtaining module is used for obtaining a plurality of slices of a workpiece model to be printed;
the parameter determining module is used for determining a control parameter corresponding to each slice, wherein the control parameter is used for controlling the printing precision when the slices are printed, and the control parameters corresponding to at least two slices are different;
and the workpiece printing module is used for printing the slices according to the control parameters corresponding to the slices so as to obtain the workpieces corresponding to the workpiece models to be printed.
9. A storage medium, characterized in that the storage medium stores one or more programs executable by one or more processors to implement the 3D printing method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. A3D printing system is characterized by comprising an optical machine, a control part and a printing part, wherein the optical machine and the printing part are respectively connected with the control part, and the optical machine, the control part and the printing part are matched with each other to execute the 3D printing method of any one of claims 1 to 7 so as to realize the printing of a workpiece.
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