CN111491349B - D2D communication relay selection method based on energy collection - Google Patents

D2D communication relay selection method based on energy collection Download PDF

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CN111491349B
CN111491349B CN202010340218.7A CN202010340218A CN111491349B CN 111491349 B CN111491349 B CN 111491349B CN 202010340218 A CN202010340218 A CN 202010340218A CN 111491349 B CN111491349 B CN 111491349B
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node
relay
relay node
alternative
end node
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CN111491349A (en
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陈光祖
谭冲
卜智勇
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Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology of CAS
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Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology of CAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
    • H04W40/22—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing using selective relaying for reaching a BTS [Base Transceiver Station] or an access point
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/02—Details
    • H04L12/10—Current supply arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/70—Services for machine-to-machine communication [M2M] or machine type communication [MTC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H04W52/38—TPC being performed in particular situations
    • H04W52/46—TPC being performed in particular situations in multi hop networks, e.g. wireless relay networks

Abstract

The invention provides a D2D communication relay selection method based on energy collection, which comprises the steps of generating a relay alternative set, notifying alternative relay nodes of the relay alternative, and respectively obtaining energy collection power and bidirectional communication transmission rate when each alternative relay node is a relay node after receiving notification, respectively generating alternative data and sending the alternative data to two end nodes; the terminal node votes the sets of the competitive data, respectively obtains the sets of the votes and sends the sets of the votes to the base station, and the base station selects the relay node, selects the relay node and establishes a communication link. The relay selection method selects the proper relay through the mutual selection of the two end nodes, avoids the condition that the relay only meets the requirement of one end node to cause the interruption of the whole communication, and has better performance in terms of the success probability of relay selection, the survival time of equipment and the throughput of a system in a high-density cell because the voting of the competitive data such as the energy collection power and the transmission rate is included in the voting number set.

Description

D2D communication relay selection method based on energy collection
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of D2D communication, and relates to a D2D communication relay selection method based on energy collection.
Background
With the large-scale deployment of 5G, mass devices will be connected to cellular networks, with a steep rise in core network pressure. 3GPP (the third generation parmership project) proposes Device-to-Device (D2D) to serve a close-range scenario. Namely, a direct communication link is established between the terminals, data does not need to pass through infrastructure nodes of the core network, and the flow pressure of the core network can be effectively reduced.
However, since D2D communication is only suitable for short-range communication, the coverage area is small, and thus, the requirement for establishing D2D direct communication on the quality of the communication link is high. And the mobile equipment is often limited in energy, so that the mobile equipment is very easy to fall into power-off sleep dilemma. Therefore, the relay selection success probability, the device lifetime, and the system throughput of the existing D2D communication need to be improved.
In addition, the D2D communication relay selection should use a lower complexity algorithm in consideration of the computing power of the mobile device and the communication quality requirements such as relay transmission delay.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a D2D communication relay selection method based on energy collection, so as to improve the success probability, the equipment survival time and the system throughput of D2D communication relay selection.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a D2D communication relay selection method based on energy collection, which is applicable to a communication network composed of one base station and a plurality of mobile devices, each mobile device having a wireless energy collection device, a cellular communication interface, and a D2D communication interface, and the base station selecting a D2D relay mode for two mobile devices generating a communication demand, the D2D communication coexisting with the cellular communication in a multiplexing mode, comprising:
s1: a pair of mobile devices selected as D2D relay communication mode are marked as a first end node and a second end node, and the base station checks the first end node (D 1 ) And a second end node (D 2 ) The mobile equipment in idle state in the common neighbor node is formed into a relay alternative set, and all alternative relay node competitive relays in the relay alternative set are informed;
s2: each alternative relay node receives the notification and then acquires the energy collection power P of the alternative relay node when the alternative relay node is taken as the relay node H And transmission rate of the entire bi-directional communicationRespectively generating competitive data and sending the competitive data to the first end node and the second end node;
s3: voting the set of the election data by the first end node and the second end node respectively to obtain a first end node and a second end node respectively for each alternative relay node R i And transmitting it to the base station;
s4: the base station selects a relay node according to the set of the voting number, and if the relay node is selected, the base station informs the first end node, the second end node and the relay node to establish a communication link; otherwise, the selection fails, and the first end node and the second end node are informed to carry out cellular communication.
In said step S1, said relay candidate set is generated by the base station checking a neighbor node flow table of the first end node and the second end node, and said relay candidate set comprises mobile devices in an idle state in a common neighbor node of the first end node and the second end node.
In the step S2, the election data is obtained by collecting power from energy of the alternative relay node when the alternative relay node is taken as the relay nodeAnd the transmission rate of the entire two-way communication->Packaging, wherein the competitive data omega is formed by i The method comprises the following steps:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,to select relay node R i When the relay node is a relay node, the relay node R is selected i Is used for collecting power of energy of the vehicle,to select relay node R i In the case of a relay node, the transmission rate of the entire bi-directional communication.
In the step S2, when the alternative relay node is taken as a relay node, the energy collection power P of the alternative relay node H The method comprises the following steps:
where alpha is the path loss factor,representing a mobile device communicating over channel C, C e C U And c.epsilon.C D Up channel subset or down channel subset, P, respectively, of cellular communication B The unit is dBm and P for the transmitting power of the base station C Transmitting power in dBm, τ is the energy harvesting efficiency of the energy harvesting device of the alternative relay node, h x For the channel gain of the base station to said alternative relay node,/for the base station>For different cellular users u i The channel gain to the alternative relay node is that the unit of the channel gain is m, and the unit of the channel gain is that the base station is the distance from the alternative relay node, and the unit of the channel gain is that the base station is the cellular user u i The distance to the alternative relay node is in m.
In said step S2, a relay node R is replaced i When the transmission rate is the relay node, the transmission rate of the whole two-way communication is as follows:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,respectively, are alternative relay nodes R i With the firstA sending transmission rate between the end node, the second end node,>respectively, are alternative relay nodes R i And the unit of the receiving transmission rate between the first end node and the second end node is bit/s.
Before the step S3, the method further includes: the first end node and the second end node respectively preset a voting rule of the transmission rate and a voting rule of the energy collection power; and in the step S3 the first and second end nodes vote on the set of election data by their voting rules for transmission rate and voting rules for energy harvesting power, respectively.
In said step S3, the first end node and the second end node pair transmission speedsThe voting rules of (a) are:
wherein a is ij Is the j-th end node D j For the alternative relay node R i Votes for the transmission rate (j=1, 2);the method comprises the steps that a reference transmission rate of a relay node is set according to requirements of different service requirements on signal-to-interference-and-noise ratios; />To select relay node R i When the node is a relay node, the transmission rate of the whole two-way communication is the same as that of the whole two-way communication; i is an alternative relay node R i Ordinal numbers of (2);
and the first end node and the second end node collect power P for energy H The voting rules of (a) are:
wherein b ij Is the j-th end node D j For the alternative relay node R i Votes for energy harvesting power (j=1, 2);is the j-th end node D j For the alternative relay node R i Minimum energy harvesting power requirements of (a); />For the alternative relay node R i Is provided; i is an alternative relay node R i Is a ordinal number of (2).
In said step S3, the first end node pairs alternate relay nodes R i The set of votes of (a) is: (θ) 1 a i1 ，(1-θ 1 )b i1 ) The second end node pair is alternatively selected from the relay nodes R i The set of votes of (a) is: (θ) 2 a i2 ，(1-θ 2 )b i2 ) Wherein θ 1 、θ 2 The value range of (1) is (0, 1), which respectively represents the attention index of the first end node and the second end node to the transmission speed parameter, (1-theta) 1 ) And (1-theta) 2 ) For the first end node (D 1 ) And a second end node (D 2 ) Attention index, θ, to energy harvesting power parameter 1 a i1 、θ 2 a i2 For the first end node (D 1 ) And a second end node (D 2 ) For the alternative relay node R i Weighted result of the number of votes for the transmission rate of (1-theta) 1 )b i1 、(1-θ 2 )b i2 For the first end node (D 1 ) And a second end node (D 2 ) Pair of alternate relay nodes R i J=1, 2.
In said step S4, when relay node selection is performed, if there is an alternative relay node satisfying R i Π i，j＝1， 2 a ij > 0 and pi i，j ＝ 1，2 b ij And if the number is more than 0, selecting to obtain a relay node, otherwise, failing to select.
In the step S4, the base station performs relay node selection according to the transmission rate and the maximum relay selection policy or the energy collection power maximum relay selection policy; the transmission rate and maximum relay selection strategy refers to selecting a relay node with the goal of obtaining the maximum transmission rate and voting index, wherein the transmission rate and the voting index are theta 1 a i1 +θ 2 a i2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The maximum relay selection strategy of the energy collection power refers to selecting a relay node with the goal of obtaining the maximum energy collection power voting index, wherein the energy collection power voting index is (1-theta) 1 )b i1 +(1-θ 2 )b i2 。
In said step S4, after establishing a communication link, said relay node communicates by enabling energy collected by its wireless energy collecting means.
The D2D communication relay selection method based on energy collection selects the proper relay through the mutual alternative of the two end nodes, avoids the condition that the relay only meets the requirement of one end node to cause the whole communication to be interrupted, and has better performance in terms of relay selection success probability, equipment survival time and system throughput in a high-density cell because the voting of the voting data such as energy collection power and transmission rate is included in the voting number set. In addition, the D2D communication relay selection method based on energy collection utilizes the energy collection technology to collect the energy carried by the interference signals around the equipment to supply energy for relay communication, and avoids the communication interruption or relay selection failure of the equipment caused by the fact that the self remaining energy is lower than a threshold value.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for selecting a D2D communication relay based on energy harvesting according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an application scenario model diagram of the energy harvesting-based D2D communication relay selection method of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of throughput as a function of the number of cellular users.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of throughput as a function of the number of idle users.
FIG. 5 (a) shows throughput and attention index θ for two modes 1 、θ 2 Is a graph of the relationship of (1).
Fig. 5 (b) shows the relay node outage probability and the attention index θ in two modes 1 、θ 2 Is a graph of the relationship of (1).
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the change of the relay selection success probability with the number of idle users.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the change in average remaining energy of a device over time.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 shows a D2D communication relay selection method based on energy collection according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is applicable to a communication network consisting of one base station and a plurality of mobile devices (i.e. users), each mobile device has a wireless energy collection device, a cellular communication interface and a D2D communication interface, and the base station selects a D2D relay mode for two mobile devices generating communication requirements, as shown in fig. 2.
Fig. 2 shows an application scenario of the energy harvesting-based D2D communication relay selection method of the present invention. Consider a single cell whose communication network includes a Base Station (BS) and a plurality of mobile devices. Each mobile device is provided with a wireless energy collecting device, can collect energy carried by surrounding interference signals, is provided with a cellular communication interface and a D2D communication interface, any two devices generating communication requirements can select three communication modes of cellular communication, D2D direct connection or D2D relay under the control of a base station, and particularly can select a proper communication mode (the cellular communication, the D2D direct connection or the D2D relay) according to a mode selection algorithm, wherein the mode selection is influenced by factors such as distance between terminals, path loss, fading, interference conditions and the like, and the current mode selection algorithm comprises a selection algorithm based on interference condition change, a distance-based selection algorithm and the like. The energy collection-based D2D communication relay selection method only considers the relay selection method after the base station selects the D2D relay mode for a certain communication.
Accordingly, the mobile device has three operating states: a cellular communication state CCS (Cellular Communication Status), a D2D communication state DCS (D2D Communication Status), a relay communication state RCS (Relay Communication Status), and an idle state FS (FreeStatus), wherein the D2D Communication State (DCS) refers to a state in which a mobile device performs D2D communication and plays the role of an end node at both transmitting and receiving ends, i.e., as a transceiver for D2D communication.
Furthermore, in order to achieve the purpose of saving spectrum resources, in the application scenario of the present invention, D2D communication coexists with cellular communication in a multiplexing mode (Underlay), sharing a set of orthogonal channel sets c= { C 1 ，C 2 ，...，C d ，...，C |C| And |c| represents the potential of set C. Specifically, all channel sets in one cell are c= { C 1 ，C 2 ，...，C d ，...，C |C| Each channel in the set can act as either an uplink or a downlink channel, so that at each instant the set of channels C for cellular communication can be divided into a subset C of uplink channels for use by the uplink U And downlink channel subset C for downlink use D . D2D communication only can be in one D2D channel C in uplink or downlink d Go on above, C d May be divided into up channel subsets C U May also be divided into a subset C of the given downlink channels D . Thus, the base station BS can provide all sub-channels in the orthogonal channel set C to cellular users for use according to the service, but D2D communication can only be performed on D2D channel C d And (3) performing the process. When D2D channel C d When not occupied, the D2D communication uses the channel and cannot be interfered by the same frequency; but when D2D channel C d After use by cellular users, the D2D communication shares the channel in a multiplexed mode. This process of sharing channels may be performed according to the channel access policies employed, with the usual channel access policies being Random Spectrum Access (RSA) and Preferential Spectrum Access (PSA).
Because the network architecture of multiplexing mode is adopted, the D2D communication process can be interfered by the same frequency of cellular communication, and therefore, under the application scene of the invention, the node with higher transmission rate and lower interruption probability is more suitable to be selected as the relay node.
The D2D communication relay selection method based on energy collection is based on the principle of a human society competitive mechanism. The human social election mechanism can be briefly described as follows: a plurality of competing persons compete with the job position for competition, and the competing persons influence the people in a certain range. The winner holds a certain vote while being influenced by multiple bidders. The larger the witness of the bidder, the greater the impact on the winner and the more votes that may be acquired.
As shown in fig. 1, based on the above principle, the D2D communication relay selection method based on energy collection according to the present invention specifically includes the following steps:
step S1: marking a pair of mobile devices selected as D2D relay communication modes as a first end node D 1 And a second end node D 2 And generating a relay candidate set and notifying all candidate relay node competitive relays in the relay candidate set.
Wherein, two mobile devices selected as D2D relay communication modes are in a D2D communication state DCS. The other devices are in different working states according to the self conditions. In this embodiment, since the D2D communication power is low, the frequency of occurrence is less, and it is considered that only a pair of mobile devices selected as the D2D relay communication mode exist, that is, only one communication link is considered, and the states of the remaining devices are the cellular communication state CCS or the idle state FS for convenience of explanation. In addition, in other embodiments, there may be multiple pairs of mobile devices selected as the D2D relay communication mode, that is, the states of the other devices may also be the D2D communication state DCS, and the D2D communication relay selection methods of the mobile devices selected as the D2D relay communication mode are similar to the present invention, and are not repeated herein.
Wherein the relay candidate set checks the first end node D through the base station 1 And a second end node D 2 Is generated by a neighbor node flow table of the first end node D 1 And a second end node D 2 Mobile devices in an idle state FS in a common neighbor node, so as toTo select an optimal relay node R from among them in the subsequent steps to establish a two-hop transmission path.
Step S2: each alternative relay node receives the notification and then acquires the energy collection power P of the alternative relay node when the alternative relay node is taken as the relay node H And transmission rate of the entire bi-directional communicationRespectively generating competitive choice data and sending the competitive choice data to the first end node D 1 And a second end node D 2 ；
Thus, the candidate relay node in the relay candidate set can be considered as an competitor role, and the first end node D selected as the D2D relay communication mode 1 And a second end node D 2 Is a role of selecting people. Referring to the first sealed bid auction mechanism during the auction process, assuming the communication device is trusted when submitting data, the first end node D is respectively served by each alternative relay node 1 And a second end node D 2 And transmitting the election data.
In the step S2, the election data is obtained by collecting power from energy of the alternative relay node when the alternative relay node is taken as the relay node And the transmission rate of the entire two-way communication->Packaging, wherein the competitive data omega is formed by i The method comprises the following steps:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,to select relay node R i When the relay node is a relay node, the relay node R is selected i Is used for collecting power of energy of the vehicle,to select relay node R i In the case of a relay node, the transmission rate of the entire bi-directional communication.
1) Physical domain analysis according to existing energy harvesting techniques, consider a simple two-hop D2D communication procedure, since two mobile devices selected as D2D relay communication modes are in the D2D communication state DCS and labeled as end node D 1 、D 2 . The states of the remaining devices are cellular communication state CCS, idle state FS or D2D communication state DCS. Suppose that one of the alternative relay nodes R is ultimately selected i The state of the selected relay node R is the relay communication state RCS. The relay node R in the relay communication state RCS may be converted into a relay transmit power of the relay node R by enabling its wireless energy harvesting device to harvest RF energy within a certain range around.
We consider a rayleigh fading channel environment with the path loss factor denoted as α. See literature [ a.h. sakr and e.hossain, cognitive and energy harvesting-based D2D communication in cellular networks: stochastic geometry modeling and analysis [ C ]IEEE Transaction on Communication,2015,63 (5): 1867-1880, when an alternative relay node is taken as a relay node, energy collection power P of the alternative relay node H The method comprises the following steps:
where alpha is the path loss factor,representing a mobile device communicating over channel C, C e C U And c.epsilon.C D Up channel subset or down channel subset, P, respectively, of cellular communication B The unit is dBm and P for the transmitting power of the base station C Transmitting power in dBm, τ is the energy harvesting efficiency of the energy harvesting device of the alternative relay node, h x For the channel gain of the base station to said alternative relay node,/for the base station>For different cellular users u i The channel gain to the alternative relay node is that the unit of the channel gain is m, and the unit of the channel gain is that the base station is the distance from the alternative relay node, and the unit of the channel gain is that the base station is the cellular user u i The distance to the alternative relay node is in m.
The first part of this equation (2) represents the mobile device collecting the energy of the downlink signal transmitted by the base station, and the second part represents the mobile device collecting the energy of the uplink signal transmitted by the cellular communication user.
2) And calculating the relay transmission rate. Since the D2D communication shares spectrum resources with the cellular communication in the multiplexing mode in the present invention, the D2D communication is subject to co-channel interference from the cellular communication during the communication.
Specifically, during a single bi-directional communication, end node D 1 、D 2 Upon receiving a signal forwarded by the relay node (i.e., the relay node is towards end node D 1 、D 2 Uplink state of the transmitted signal), is subjected to a cellular uplink user U operating on the same channel 1 、U 2 Wherein the cellular uplink user means other than the end node D 1 、D 2 And a mobile device other than the relay node in a cellular communication state CCS state and transmitting a signal to the base station, an end node D 1 、D 2 Comprising a first end node D 1 And a second end node D 2 And a first end node D 1 Receiving a first cellular uplink user U 1 Is the interference of the second end node D 2 Receiving the second cellular uplink user U 2 Is a part of the interference of the (c). For cellular communication, one channel can only be used by one cellular uplink user, so each end node is only subjected to when D2D communication coexists with cellular communication in a multiplexed modeCo-channel interference for one cellular uplink user.
Thus, to select the relay node R i When being a relay node, the first end node D 1 Second end node D 2 The received signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (i.e., the ratio of received signal power to interfering signal power plus noise) is expressed as:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,respectively represent alternative relay nodes R i First cellular uplink user U 1 Second cellular uplink user U 2 Is a transmission power of sigma 2 Is additive white Gaussian noise +.>Respectively, are alternative relay nodes R i To the first end node D 1 Channel gain of a first cellular uplink user U 1 To the first end node D 1 Channel gain and second cellular uplink user U 2 To the second end node D 2 Is provided.
Then the relay node R is selected according to shannon's formula i With D2D receiver D 1 、D 2 The sending transmission rates between the two are respectively:
wherein B representsChannel bandwidth in Hz;and->Respectively, are alternative relay nodes R i With the first end node D 1 Second end node D 2 The transmission rate of the transmission between the two units is bit/s.B to represent the channel bandwidth,respectively as alternative relay nodes R i When being a relay node, the first end node D 1 Second end node D 2 And the received signal to interference plus noise ratio.
Alternative relay node R i And end node D 1 、D 2 The receiving transmission rates between the two are respectively:
wherein B represents the channel bandwidth in Hz;and->Respectively, are alternative relay nodes R i With the first end node D 1 Second end node D 2 The unit of the receiving transmission rate is bit/s; /> Respectively as alternative relay nodes R i When being a relay node, the first end node D 1 Second end node D 2 And the signal to interference and noise ratio received by the relay node after transmission.
Thus, to select the relay node R i When the transmission rate is the relay node, the transmission rate of the whole two-way communication is as follows:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,respectively, are alternative relay nodes R i With the first end node D 1 Second end node D 2 Transmission rate between transmissions,/-, of>Respectively, are alternative relay nodes R i With the first end node D 1 Second end node D 2 The unit of the receiving transmission rate is bit/s.
Step S3: first end node D 1 And a second end node D 2 Voting the sets of the competitive data respectively to obtain first end nodes D respectively 1 And a second end node D 2 For each alternative relay node R i And transmitting it to the base station;
wherein, before the step S3, the method further comprises: first end node D 1 And a second end node D 2 Respectively presetting a voting rule of the transmission rate and a voting rule of the energy collection power; and in said step S3, the first end node D 1 And a second end node D 2 The set of election data is voted by its voting rules for transmission rate and for energy harvesting power, respectively, to satisfy that the end nodes use the same voting coefficient design principle for the same parameter, only differing in specific parameters. In addition, the first end node D 1 And a second end node D 2 Must be consistent.
The first end node D is described below 1 And a second end node D 2 Voting rules for transmission rates.
The end node sets the reference transmission rate of the relay node according to the requirements of different service requirements on signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR)Reference transmission rate of relay node for different end nodes>As is. We consider below +.>Cannot meet the communication requirement, so a=0 in this case; and obtaining a basic voting result 1 when the reference transmission rate is reached. At the same time, in order to limit the influence of the factor on the alternative relay node caused by higher transmission rate, the first end node D 1 And a second end node D 2 Transmission speed->The voting rules of (a) are:
wherein a is ij Is the j-th end node D j For the alternative relay node R i Votes for the transmission rate (j=1, 2);the method comprises the steps that a reference transmission rate of a relay node is set according to requirements of different service requirements on signal-to-interference-and-noise ratios; />To select relay node R i Is a relay nodeWhen in point, the transmission rate of the whole two-way communication is increased; i is an alternative relay node R i Is a ordinal number of (2).
Similarly, the first end node D 1 And a second end node D 2 Power P for energy harvesting H The voting rules of (a) are:
wherein b ij Is the j-th end node D j For the alternative relay node R i Votes for energy harvesting power (j=1, 2);is the j-th end node D j For the alternative relay node R i Minimum energy harvesting power requirements of (a); />For the alternative relay node R i Is provided; i is an alternative relay node R i Is a ordinal number of (2).
The j-th end node D is described below j For the alternative relay node R i Minimum required harvesting of energy harvesting power.
In this embodiment, after the alternative relay node is taken as the relay node, the energy collected by the relay node will be the only energy source of the relay node in the relay communication state RCS, so when the alternative relay node is taken as the relay node, the energy collection power P of the alternative relay node is required H Relay transmit power P convertible to at least said alternative relay node R Minimum requirements (i.e. the transmit power of the candidate relay node in the relay communication state RCS), i.e. the energy harvesting power P of the candidate relay node H Is the relay transmission power P of the alternative relay node R Minimum requirements of (2) and energy harvesting power P H Is a ratio of the conversion efficiencies of (a) to (b).
The communication device is mobile, but to simplify the calculation, it is common to Assuming that the distance moved by the device during a time slot is negligible, the positions of the relay node and the end nodes D1 and D2 are considered to be fixed. When the position of the alternative relay node is fixed with one of the end nodes D1 (or D2), the distance D between them 0 Is a known parameter.
Therefore, the relay transmit power of the alternative relay node should meet the following requirements:
wherein P is R Is the relay transmission power of the alternative relay node, and is expressed as dBm, d 0 Is the distance ρ between the alternative relay node and one of the end nodes D Beta is the path fading index, dimensionless, which is the sensitivity of the end node.
That is, the minimum requirement of the relay transmission power of the alternative relay node is
Since the relay node is selected, the collected energy of the relay node is taken as the only energy source of the relay node in the relay communication state RCS. Therefore, the relay transmission power P of the alternative relay node R Subject to its energy harvesting power P H Then the energy harvesting power P of the alternative relay node H The following requirements should be met:
wherein d 0 Is the distance ρ between the relay node and one of the end nodes D For the sensitivity of the end node ρ D In dBm, beta is the path fading index, eta is the energy harvesting power P H Is not limited, and the conversion efficiency of the catalyst is improved.
Wherein due to the first end node D 1 And a second end node D 2 Is sensitive to (2)The degree may be different, and thus, two end nodes D 1 、D 2 For the alternative relay node R i The minimum requirements for energy harvesting power of (c) may be different.
Thus, the jth end node D j For the alternative relay node R i Minimum requirement for energy harvesting power of (2)The method comprises the following steps:
wherein d 0 Is a relay node and a j-th end node D j Distance between (j=1, 2), ρ D Is the j-th end node D j β is the path-fading index and η is the conversion efficiency of the energy harvesting power.
In the human social competitive mechanism, the different characteristics of the bidder have different degrees of influence on different bidders. According to the voting rule, the first end node D 1 For the alternative relay node R i The set of votes of (a) is:
(θ 1 a i1 ，(1-θ 1 )b i1 ) (12a)
second end node D 2 For the alternative relay node R i The set of votes of (a) is:
(θ 2 a i2 ，(1-θ 2 )b i2 ) (12b)
wherein θ 1 、θ 2 The range of values (0, 1) respectively represents the end node D 1 And D 2 The larger the value of the attention index of the transmission speed parameter indicates that the node is more concerned with the parameter in the relay selection, and similarly, (1-theta 1 ) And (1-theta) 2 ) For the first end node D 1 And a second end node D 2 Attention index, θ, to energy harvesting power parameter 1 a i1 、θ 2 a i2 For the first end node D 1 And a second end node D 2 Relay to alternativeNode R i Weighted result of the number of votes for the transmission rate of (1-theta) 1 )b i1 、(1-θ 2 )b i2 For the first end node D 1 And a second end node D 2 Pair of alternate relay nodes R i J=1, 2.
Step S4: the base station selects a relay node according to the set of the vote numbers, if the selection is successful, a relay node is obtained, and the first end node D is informed 1 Second end node D 2 Establishing a communication link with a relay node R; otherwise, notify the first end node D 1 And a second end node D 2 Cellular communication is performed.
Thus, the nodes in the relay candidate set can be considered as competitor roles, and the first end node D selected as the D2D relay communication mode 1 And a second end node D 2 Is a role of selecting people through the first end node D 1 And a second end node D 2 Voting is carried out on the acquired sets of the competitive data respectively, the base station collects the total number of votes, and the alternative relay node which acquires more votes of the two end nodes in the alternative relay set is the relay node which is selected in the communication.
Wherein, when relay node selection is performed, if there is an alternative relay node satisfying R i Π i，j＝1，2 a ij > 0 and pi i，j ＝ 1，2 b ij And if the number is more than 0, selecting to obtain a relay node, otherwise, failing to select.
Π i，j＝1，2 a ij The result of the judgment of whether it is greater than 0 may be obtained by the first end node D1 and the second end node D in the step S3 2 For each alternative relay node R i Obtained by the set of votes of (a), in this embodiment, by θ in the set of votes 1 a i1 And theta 2 a i2 Is obtained by the product of (2).
Π i，j＝1.2 b ij The result of the determination of whether greater than 0 may be passed through the first end node D in the step S3 1 And a second end node D 2 For each alternative relay node R i Is obtained by a set of votes of (1-theta) in the set of votes, in this embodiment 1 )b i1 And (1-theta) 2 )b i2 Is obtained by the product of (2).
And the base station selects the relay node according to the transmission rate and a maximum relay selection strategy MSR-RSS or an energy collection power maximum relay selection strategy MEH-RSS. The present model makes a trade-off between two factors according to the communication requirements when selecting a relay node, therefore, we consider two cases of realizing the maximum sum transmission rate and the maximum energy collection power in relay selection, and propose two relay selection strategies: transmission rate and Maximum relay selection policy MSR-RSS (Maximum sum-rate Relay Selection Strategy) and Energy harvesting power Maximum relay selection policy MEH-RSS (Maximum Energy-harvest Relay Selection Strategy).
The transmission rate and the maximum relay selection policy MSR-RSS means that the base station receives the message from the end node D 1 And D 2 After the voting index set, selecting the relay node by taking the maximum transmission rate and the voting index as targets, wherein the obtained relay node is as follows:
s.t.Π i，j＝1，2 b ij ＞0
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,representing relay nodes selected according to transmission rate and maximum relay selection policy MSR-RSS, R SUM Is a transmission rate and a voting index, which is passed through the first end node D in said step S3 1 And a second end node D 2 For each alternative relay node R i Obtained by combining the number of votes in the set of votes, in this embodiment, θ 1 a i1 、θ 2 a i2 Adding and selecting the largest added result to obtain (i.e. transmission rate and voting index are theta 1 a i1 +θ 2 a i2 )；b ij Is the j-th end node D j For the alternative relay node R i Voting number (j=1, 2) of energy harvesting power, pi i，j＝1，2 b ij The result of the determination of whether greater than 0 may be passed through the first end node D in the step S3 1 And a second end node D 2 For each alternative relay node R i Is obtained by a set of votes of (1-theta) in the set of votes, in this embodiment 1 )b i1 And (1-theta) 2 )b i2 Is obtained by the product of (2).
The equal sign of equation (13) does not represent the equal relationship, but only represents that the relay node represented on the left of the equal sign is selected by the policy on the right of the equal sign.
The energy collection power maximum relay selection strategy MEH-RSS means that the base station receives the message from the end node D 1 And D 2 After the voting index set of (2), selecting a relay node by taking the voting index with the maximum energy collection power as a target, wherein the obtained relay node is as follows:
s.t.Π i，j＝1，2 a ij ＞0
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,representing relay nodes, P, selected according to an energy harvesting power maximum relay selection policy MEH-RSS H Is an energy harvesting power voting index which is determined by the first end node D in said step S3 1 And a second end node D 2 For each alternative relay node R i Obtained by combining (1-theta) of the sets of votes in this embodiment 1 )b i1 、(1-θ 2 )b i2 And the largest addition result is selected to obtain (i.e. the energy collection power voting index is (1-theta) 1 )b i1 +(1-θ 2 )b i2 )；a ij Is the j-th end nodeD j For the alternative relay node R i N (j=1, 2) of the transmission rate of n i，j＝1，2 a ij The result of the determination of whether greater than 0 may be passed through the first end node D in the step S3 1 And a second end node D 2 For each alternative relay node R i Obtained by the set of votes of (a), in this embodiment, by θ in the set of votes 1 a i1 And theta 2 a i2 Is obtained by the product of (2).
In step S4, after establishing the communication link, the relay node R is in a relay communication state RCS, which does not consume energy carried by itself, but communicates by enabling energy collected by its wireless energy collecting means. Therefore, the invention utilizes the energy collection technology to collect the energy carried by the interference signals around the equipment to supply energy for relay communication, avoids the occurrence of communication interruption or relay selection failure of the equipment due to the fact that the self residual energy is lower than a threshold value, prolongs the survival time of the equipment of the relay node R, and effectively reduces the probability of being in a power failure sleep dilemma.
Simulation results
The routing method provided by the embodiment of the invention is verified through specific implementation examples and related experimental parameters, and compared with the existing classical routing algorithm through simulation experiments, the method has better performance in terms of relay selection success probability, equipment survival time and system throughput.
The specific application context is given as follows: simulation verification is carried out on the algorithm based on a MatLab platform, and main parameter settings are shown in table 1. The D2D communication relay selection method EHRSA (Energy Harvesting-Based Relay Selection Algorithm) based on energy collection provided by the invention is simulated and compared with a D2D relay selection algorithm PRSA (Prestige-Based Relay Selection Algorithm) combining equipment foundation and residual energy and D2D direct communication. Among them, the PRSA is the prior art.
TABLE 1 Main simulation parameters
As shown in fig. 3, the throughput of the 10 pairs of D2D communication pairs in three modes varies with the number of cellular users, which are users in the cellular communication state CCS, irrespective of the throughput of the cellular communication. Wherein, the user number in the idle state is set as 50 by simulation, and theta is set 1 And theta 2 The values are all 0.5. It can be seen that for RRSA and D2D direct communication, the D2D communication throughput is independent of the number of cellular users. Whereas the throughput of EHRSA provided herein increases with an increasing number of cellular users. This is because the increase in cellular users causes the increase in the energy that can be collected by the relay, and the relay transmission speed and the selection success rate are also improved. Simulation results show that the MSR-RSS is easier to select nodes with faster transmission rates than MEH-RSS, so that the MSR-RSS throughput is improved by about 10% -20% compared with the MEH-RSS in the simulation. At the same time, it can be seen that the simulation settings are set when the number of cellular subscribers is small For 15dBm, the transmit power translated by the relay node by means of energy harvesting is lower than the fixed transmit power of the contrast algorithm, resulting in a throughput of EHRSA lower than the contrast algorithm RRSA. But EHRSA is able to obtain a higher wireless energy harvesting power to DCS transmit power after an increased number of cellular users, so the throughput of both modes is significantly higher than the comparative algorithm, shown in fig. 3 as two crossover points, e.g., when cellular users reach 200, EHRSA (MSR-RSS) is 37.9% higher than PRSA. Therefore, the method presented herein is more advantageous in a user-intensive environment.
Fig. 4 shows D2D communication as a function of the number of idle users, emulating a cellular state user number of 200, wherein the idle user number is in an idle state. It can be seen that in this case, the throughput of MSR-RSS, MEH-RSS, PRSA all increase with an increasing number of free users. This is because as the number of idle users increases, the probability that idle users are distributed between D2D communication pairs increases, as does the probability of successful relay selection and the probability of node selection to a faster transmission rate. Meanwhile, since the transmission power under the relay DCS of EHRSA has been dominant at the number of cellular users of 200. The throughput of MSR-RSS, MEH-RSS is already slightly higher than that of PRSA at the stage when the number of free users is low. And since the energy reserve of the equipment is not a factor for limiting relay selection, the method of the invention has the advantages of increasing with the increase of the number of idle users, for example, when the number of idle users reaches 200, the throughput of MSR-RSS is about 30 percent higher than that of PRSA
In the simulation shown in fig. 3 above, we will consider the end node's attention index θ to the transmission speed parameters and the energy harvesting power parameters 1 And theta 2 The values are all set to 0.5 to indicate that the end node has no preference for both parameters. To investigate θ 1 And theta 2 Influence of value on algorithm performance, we set θ 1 And theta 2 Simulation experiments were performed under four conditions of (0.3 ), (0.7,0.7), (0.3, 0.7) and (0.7,0.3), and the rest of the parameters were set as in the above simulation. As shown in FIG. 5 (a), when θ 1 And theta 2 The MSR-RSS obtains the maximum throughput when the value is (0.7), namely, the two end nodes pay more attention to the transmission speed parameter; conversely, when θ 1 And theta 2 The value is (0.3 ), namely, when the two end nodes pay more attention to transmitting wireless energy collecting power, the MEH-RSS obtains the maximum throughput. This illustrates that when the trends of the two end nodes are consistent, the system is more likely to achieve high throughput; and the base station should fully consider the tendency of the end node when making policy selection. Overall, MSR-RSS is more dominant over MEH-RSS in terms of throughput parameters. FIG. 5 (b) shows that MSR-RSS and MEH-RSS are both at θ 1 And theta 2 The lowest relay node outage probability is obtained when the value is (0.3 ), which is the benefit brought by the wireless energy collection introduced by the model, and the relay node outage probability is reduced to the lowest when the two end nodes pay attention to the parameter together. While on the whole MEH-SS R is more dominant than MSR-RSS in the relay node outage probability parameters.
Fig. 6 shows the variation of the relay selection success probability with the number of idle users. The simulation sets the number of cellular state users to 200. Because the wireless energy collection technology is introduced into the D2D communication relay selection method EHRSA based on energy collection, so that part of low-power nodes can be used as relay nodes, the algorithm provided by the invention has great advantages when the probability of relay selection success is low and the number of idle users is small. Meanwhile, in a user-intensive environment, the device energy collection power is easier to meet the requirement, and the influence of the parameter on relay selection is reduced, so that the MSR-RSS performance is superior to the MEH-RSS. The probability of success of relay selection in the three modes is improved along with the increase of idle relays, but the probability of success of relay selection in the algorithm is always lower than that in the two modes because PRSA requires screening out a part of low-power relay nodes.
As shown in fig. 7, we simulate the change of the average remaining energy of the device with time, and set the time when the device is in CCS, DCS, RCS state to be 40%, 40% and 20%, respectively. Simulation results show that the energy consumption of the equipment is greatly slowed down due to the fact that the energy collection technology introduces the D2D relay selection, and the service life of the equipment is effectively prolonged. It is apparent that the longer the working time, the more advantageous the device in terms of survival rate in the model presented herein is, and less prone to relay selection failure due to device energy issues. Meanwhile, since MEH-RSS focuses more on the energy collecting capability of the relay node, the scheme is more suitable for a system working for a long time than MSR-RSS.
In summary, the D2D communication relay selection method based on energy collection selects a suitable relay through the two end nodes together for the alternative, so that the relay is prevented from meeting the requirement of only one end node to cause the interruption of the whole communication, and the voting of the voting data such as the energy collection power and the transmission rate is included in the set of the voting votes, so that the method has better performance in terms of the success probability of relay selection, the survival time of equipment and the throughput of a system in a high-density cell.
The foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications can be made to the above-described embodiment of the present invention. All simple, equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims and the specification of the present application fall within the scope of the patent claims. The present invention is not described in detail in the conventional art.

Claims (6)

1. A D2D communication relay selection method based on energy collection, which is applicable to a communication network composed of a base station and a plurality of mobile devices, each mobile device having a wireless energy collection device, a cellular communication interface, and a D2D communication interface, and the base station selecting a D2D relay mode for two mobile devices that generate a communication demand, the D2D communication coexisting with the cellular communication in a multiplexing mode, comprising:
Step S1: a pair of mobile devices selected as D2D relay communication modes are marked as a first end node (D 1 ) And a second end node (D 2 ) The base station checks the first end node (D 1 ) And a second end node (D 2 ) The mobile equipment in idle state in the common neighbor node is formed into a relay alternative set, and all alternative relay node competitive relays in the relay alternative set are informed;
step S2: each alternative relay node receives the notification and then acquires the energy collection power P of the alternative relay node when the alternative relay node is taken as the relay node H And transmission rate of the entire bi-directional communicationAnd generates and transmits the race data to the first end node (D 1 ) And a second end node (D 2 )；
Step S3: first end node (D) 1 ) And a second end node (D 2 ) Voting on the sets of the election data, respectively, to obtain first end nodes (D 1 ) And a second end node (D 2 ) For each alternative relay node R i And transmitting it to the base station;
step S4: the base station selects a relay node according to the set of votes, and if a relay node (R) is selected, notifies the first end node (D) 1 ) A second end node (D 2 ) Establishing a communication link with a relay node (R); otherwise, the selection fails, notifying the first end node (D 1 ) And a second end node (D 2 ) Performing cellular communication;
before the step S3, the method further includes: first end node (D) 1 ) And a second end node (D 2 ) Respectively presetting a voting rule of the transmission rate and a voting rule of the energy collection power; and in said step S3 the first end node (D 1 ) And a second end node (D 2 ) Voting the set of competitive data by means of its voting rules for transmission rate and for energy harvesting power, respectively;
in said step S3, the first end node (D 1 ) And a second end node (D 2 ) Speed of transmissionThe voting rules of (a) are:
wherein a is ij Is the j-th end node D j For the alternative relay node R i Votes for the transmission rate (j=1, 2);the method comprises the steps that a reference transmission rate of a relay node is set according to requirements of different service requirements on signal-to-interference-and-noise ratios; />To select relay node R i When the node is a relay node, the transmission rate of the whole two-way communication is the same as that of the whole two-way communication; i is an alternative relay node R i Ordinal numbers of (2);
and the firstOne end node (D) 1 ) And a second end node (D 2 ) Power P for energy harvesting H The voting rules of (a) are:
wherein b ij Is the j-th end node D j For the alternative relay node R i Votes for energy harvesting power (j=1, 2); Is the j-th end node D j For the alternative relay node R i Minimum energy harvesting power requirements of (a); />For the alternative relay node R i Is provided; i is an alternative relay node R i Ordinal numbers of (2);
in said step S3, the first end node (D 1 ) For the alternative relay node R i The set of votes of (a) is: (θ) 1 a i1 ，(1-θ 1 )b i1 ) The second end node (D 2 ) For the alternative relay node R i The set of votes of (a) is: (θ) 2 a i2 ，(1-θ 2 )b i2 )，
Wherein θ 1 、θ 2 The value ranges of (1, 0) respectively represent the first end node (D 1 ) And a second end node (D 2 ) Attention index to transmission speed parameter, (1- θ) 1 ) And (1-theta) 2 ) For the first end node (D 1 ) And a second end node (D 2 ) Attention index, θ, to energy harvesting power parameter 1 a i1 、θ 2 a i2 For the first end node (D 1 ) And a second end node (D 2 ) For the alternative relay node R i Weighted result of the number of votes for the transmission rate of (1-theta) 1 )b i1 、(1-θ 2 )b i2 For the first end node (D 1 ) And (d)Two-end node (D) 2 ) For the alternative relay node R i The weighted result of the votes of the energy harvesting power of (j = 1,2;
in said step S4, when relay node selection is performed, if there is an alternative relay node satisfying R i ∏ i,j＝1,2 a ij >0 and pi i,j＝1,2 b ij >And 0, selecting to obtain a relay node, otherwise, failing to select.
2. The energy harvesting-based D2D communication relay selection method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the election data is obtained by selecting an alternative relay node as a relay node, and the energy harvesting power of the alternative relay node And the transmission rate of the entire two-way communication->Packaging, wherein the competitive data omega is formed by i The method comprises the following steps:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,to select relay node R i When the relay node is a relay node, the relay node R is selected i Is used for collecting power of energy of the vehicle,to select relay node R i In the case of a relay node, the transmission rate of the entire bi-directional communication.
3. The energy harvesting-based D2D communication relay selection method of claim 1, wherein, inIn the step S2, when the alternative relay node is taken as the relay node, the energy collection power P of the alternative relay node H The method comprises the following steps:
where alpha is the path loss factor,representing a mobile device communicating over channel C, C e C U And c.epsilon.C D Up channel subset or down channel subset, P, respectively, of cellular communication B The unit is dBm and P for the transmitting power of the base station C Transmitting power in dBm, τ is the energy harvesting efficiency of the energy harvesting device of the alternative relay node, h x For the channel gain of the base station to said alternative relay node,/for the base station>For different cellular users u i The channel gain to the alternative relay node is that the unit of the channel gain is m, and the unit of the channel gain is that the base station is the distance from the alternative relay node, and the unit of the channel gain is that the base station is the cellular user u i The distance to the alternative relay node is in m.
4. The energy harvesting-based D2D communication relay selection method according to claim 1, characterized in that in said step S2, a relay node R is selected as an alternative i When the transmission rate is the relay node, the transmission rate of the whole two-way communication is as follows:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,respectively, are alternative relay nodes R i With the first end node (D 1 ) A second end node (D 2 ) Transmission rate between transmissions,/-, of>Respectively, are alternative relay nodes R i With the first end node (D 1 ) A second end node (D 2 ) The unit of the receiving transmission rate is bit/s.
5. The energy-harvesting-based D2D communication relay selection method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the base station performs relay node selection according to a transmission rate and a maximum relay selection policy or an energy harvesting power maximum relay selection policy; the transmission rate and maximum relay selection strategy refers to selecting a relay node with the goal of obtaining the maximum transmission rate and voting index, wherein the transmission rate and the voting index are theta 1 a i1 +θ 2 a i2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The maximum relay selection strategy of the energy collection power refers to selecting a relay node with the goal of obtaining the maximum energy collection power voting index, wherein the energy collection power voting index is (1-theta) 1 )b i1 +(1-θ 2 )b i2 。
6. The energy harvesting-based D2D communication relay selection method according to claim 1, characterized in that in said step S4, said relay node (R) communicates by enabling energy harvested by its wireless energy harvesting means after establishing a communication link.
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