CN111491323B - IAB-based method and device for reserving uplink transmission resources - Google Patents

IAB-based method and device for reserving uplink transmission resources Download PDF

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CN111491323B
CN111491323B CN201910084403.1A CN201910084403A CN111491323B CN 111491323 B CN111491323 B CN 111491323B CN 201910084403 A CN201910084403 A CN 201910084403A CN 111491323 B CN111491323 B CN 111491323B
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uplink transmission
preset
interval
transmission resources
reserved
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CN111491323A (en
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李亚娟
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Potevio Information Technology Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/04—Arrangements for maintaining operational condition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/0446—Resources in time domain, e.g. slots or frames
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/0453—Resources in frequency domain, e.g. a carrier in FDMA
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
    • H04W72/53—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on regulatory allocation policies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a method and a device for reserving uplink transmission resources based on IAB, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring the service volume of UE; the UE having accessed an IAB; determining a first interval in which the numerical value of the traffic is located according to a first preset interval, and determining reserved uplink transmission resources corresponding to the first interval according to a first preset corresponding relation; the first preset corresponding relation is a corresponding relation between the first preset interval and preset reserved uplink transmission resources. The apparatus performs the above method. According to the method and the device for reserving the uplink transmission resources based on the IAB, the corresponding reserved uplink transmission resources are determined in each IAB node according to the traffic of the UE, so that the time delay of uplink transmission data can be shortened.

Description

IAB-based method and device for reserving uplink transmission resources
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of resource scheduling, in particular to a method and a device for reserving uplink transmission resources based on an IAB.
Background
A new topic IAB (Integrated Access and Backhaul) is introduced in 3gpp 5 g. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art IAB, as shown in FIG. 1, including IAB-donor, IAB-node. Wherein the IAB-donor provides a connection to the CN (core network) core network, and the IAB-node serves as an intermediate node to connect the UE and the IAB-donor.
Fig. 2 is a scheduling flow chart of uplink transmission resources in the prior art, as shown in fig. 2, if the UE does not have uplink transmission resources currently and the UE has uplink data to transmit, the UE needs to send a request (may be RACH, RAR, etc.) for uplink transmission resources first. Also, for the IAB node, if the IAB node does not currently have uplink transmission resources and the IAB node has uplink data to transmit, the IAB node needs to send SR (scheduling request) a request for the uplink transmission resources. After the IAB-donor receives all the requests, uplink transmission resources are allocated for each node scheduling, so that each node can send uplink transmission data after receiving the uplink transmission resources, but the uplink transmission data delay of the technology is longer.
Therefore, how to avoid the above-mentioned drawbacks and shorten the uplink data delay becomes a urgent problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides a method and a device for reserving uplink transmission resources based on IAB.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for reserving uplink transmission resources based on an IAB, where the method includes:
acquiring the service volume of UE; the UE having accessed an IAB;
determining a first interval in which the numerical value of the traffic is located according to a first preset interval, and determining reserved uplink transmission resources corresponding to the first interval according to a first preset corresponding relation; the first preset corresponding relation is a corresponding relation between the first preset interval and preset reserved uplink transmission resources.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for reserving uplink transmission resources based on an IAB, where the apparatus includes:
an acquiring unit, configured to acquire a traffic volume of a UE; the UE having accessed an IAB;
a reservation unit, configured to determine a first interval in which a value of the traffic is located according to a first preset interval, and determine a reserved uplink transmission resource corresponding to the first interval according to a first preset correspondence; the first preset corresponding relation is a corresponding relation between the first preset interval and preset reserved uplink transmission resources.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, including: a processor, a memory, and a bus, wherein,
the processor and the memory complete communication with each other through the bus;
the memory stores program instructions executable by the processor, the processor invoking the program instructions capable of performing the method of:
acquiring the service volume of UE; the UE having accessed an IAB;
determining a first interval in which the numerical value of the traffic is located according to a first preset interval, and determining reserved uplink transmission resources corresponding to the first interval according to a first preset corresponding relation; the first preset corresponding relation is a corresponding relation between the first preset interval and preset reserved uplink transmission resources.
In a fourth aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising:
the non-transitory computer readable storage medium stores computer instructions that cause the computer to perform the method of:
acquiring the service volume of UE; the UE having accessed an IAB;
determining a first interval in which the numerical value of the traffic is located according to a first preset interval, and determining reserved uplink transmission resources corresponding to the first interval according to a first preset corresponding relation; the first preset corresponding relation is a corresponding relation between the first preset interval and preset reserved uplink transmission resources.
According to the method and the device for reserving the uplink transmission resources based on the IAB, the corresponding reserved uplink transmission resources are determined in each IAB node according to the traffic of the UE, so that the time delay of uplink transmission data can be shortened.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the following description will briefly explain the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art IAB;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of scheduling uplink transmission resources in the prior art;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of a method for reserving uplink transmission resources based on IAB according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of a method for reserving uplink transmission resources based on an IAB according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a flowchart of a method for reserving uplink transmission resources based on IAB according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a flowchart of a method for reserving uplink transmission resources based on an IAB according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus structure for reserving uplink transmission resources based on an IAB according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an entity structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a method for reserving uplink transmission resources based on an IAB in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, and the method for reserving uplink transmission resources based on an IAB in the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
s301: acquiring the service volume of UE; the UE has access to an IAB.
Specifically, the device acquires the traffic of the UE; the UE has access to an IAB. Fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a method for reserving uplink transmission resources based on IAB according to another embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 4, an apparatus may be an IAB-node in fig. 4, or each IAB-node.
S302: determining a first interval in which the numerical value of the traffic is located according to a first preset interval, and determining reserved uplink transmission resources corresponding to the first interval according to a first preset corresponding relation; the first preset corresponding relation is a corresponding relation between the first preset interval and preset reserved uplink transmission resources.
Specifically, the device determines a first interval in which the numerical value of the traffic is located according to a first preset interval, and determines reserved uplink transmission resources corresponding to the first interval according to a first preset corresponding relation; the first preset corresponding relation is a corresponding relation between the first preset interval and preset reserved uplink transmission resources. The following are illustrated with reference to table 1: if the traffic has a value of 300kbps, it is determined that 100kbps to 1000kbps is the first interval, and further it is determined that the reserved uplink transmission resource is 10TB. The specific values of the first preset interval and the preset reserved uplink transmission resources can be set independently according to actual conditions, or can be set according to protocol regulations or signaling between nodes. The reserved uplink transmission resource may be a time-frequency resource for transmitting data.
TABLE 1
Sequence number A first preset interval Presetting reserved uplink transmission resources
1 100kbps or less 1TB
2 100kbps～1000kbps 10TB
3 10000kbps or more 100TB
According to the method for reserving the uplink transmission resources based on the IAB, the corresponding reserved uplink transmission resources are determined in each IAB node according to the service volume of the UE, so that the time delay of uplink transmission data can be shortened.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the method further includes:
and if the traffic is judged to be changed, the updated first interval in which the updated value of the changed traffic is located is redetermined according to the first preset interval.
Specifically, if the device determines that the traffic volume changes, the device redetermines an updated first interval in which the updated value of the changed traffic volume is located according to the first preset interval. It should be noted that: the changed traffic may be increased or decreased. Referring to the above example, if the value of the traffic increases from 300kbps to 1100kbps, the update first interval is "10000kbps or more", and the corresponding update reservation uplink transmission resource is 100TB; if the traffic value increases from 300kbps to 800kbps, the first interval is updated to be the original first interval of "100 kbps-1000 kbps", and the corresponding update reserves uplink transmission resources to be the original reserved uplink transmission resources of 10TB. The corresponding situation of reducing the traffic is not described in detail.
And determining the updated reserved uplink transmission resources corresponding to the updated first interval according to the first preset corresponding relation.
Specifically, the device determines, according to a first preset corresponding relation, an update reserved uplink transmission resource corresponding to the updated first interval. Reference is made to the above description and will not be repeated.
The method for reserving the uplink transmission resources based on the IAB can update the reserved uplink transmission resources in real time when the traffic volume changes.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, the determining of the reserved uplink transmission resource further includes:
and quantitatively reserving the reserved uplink transmission resources.
Specifically, the device quantitatively reserves the reserved uplink transmission resources. The amount of reserved uplink transmission resources that are reserved quantitatively needs to be as small as possible, and only the SR request may be uploaded for use, so as to avoid wasting uplink transmission resources, fig. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a method for reserving uplink transmission resources based on IAB according to another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 5, the SR request uploaded by the parent node IAB-node1 through the child node IAB-node3 (the request may carry the data buffer amount of IAB-node3, and the data buffer amount may be traffic) may quickly know the data buffer amount of the child node IAB-node3, and then uplink transmission resource scheduling is performed.
According to the IAB-based uplink transmission resource reservation method, the quantitative uplink transmission resource used by only uploading the SR request is reserved, so that the data buffer quantity can be obtained through the relay IAB node, normal operation of the method is guaranteed, and waste of the uplink transmission resource is avoided.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, the quantitatively reserving the reserved uplink transmission resource includes:
and taking the product of the numerical value of the traffic and the preset proportion as reserved uplink transmission resources which are reserved quantitatively.
Specifically, the device takes the product of the numerical value of the traffic and the preset proportion as reserved uplink transmission resources which are reserved quantitatively. It should be noted that: the preset proportion can be adjusted according to actual conditions, and the preset proportion can be smaller than 1.
The method for reserving the uplink transmission resources based on the IAB provided by the embodiment of the invention can further respectively and effectively determine the reserved uplink transmission resources which are reserved quantitatively, and shortens the time delay of uplink transmission data.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the method further includes:
and periodically acquiring the quantity change quantity of the UE accessing the IAB.
Specifically, the device periodically acquires the amount of change in the number of UEs accessing the IAB. The periodically acquired time interval can be set autonomously according to the actual situation. The amount of change in the number of UEs may be an amount of increase in the number of UEs or an amount of decrease in the number of UEs.
Determining a second interval in which the UE quantity variation is located according to a second preset interval, and determining reserved variation uplink transmission resources corresponding to the second interval according to a second preset corresponding relation; the second preset corresponding relation is a corresponding relation between the second preset interval and preset reserved variable quantity uplink transmission resources; the reserved variable amount uplink transmission resource is based on the variable amount of the reserved uplink transmission resource.
Specifically, the device determines a second interval in which the quantity change amount of the UE is located according to a second preset interval, and determines reserved change amount uplink transmission resources corresponding to the second interval according to a second preset corresponding relation; the second preset corresponding relation is a corresponding relation between the second preset interval and preset reserved variable quantity uplink transmission resources; the reserved variable amount uplink transmission resource is based on the variable amount of the reserved uplink transmission resource. The following is illustrated with reference to table 2: if the number of the UEs accessing the IAB in the previous acquisition period is 30, the number of the UEs accessing the IAB in the current acquisition period is 45 and the increment is +15, determining that more than 10 is the second interval, further determining that the reserved variable quantity uplink transmission resource is +10tb, and if the reserved uplink transmission resource is 10TB at the current moment, changing the reserved uplink transmission resource into 20TB.
If the number of UE accessing IAB in the current acquisition period is 25 and the increment is-5, determining that "-10 to-1" is a second interval, further determining that the reserved variable quantity uplink transmission resource is-1 TB, and if the reserved uplink transmission resource at the current moment is 10TB, changing the reserved uplink transmission resource into 9TB. The specific values of the second preset interval and the preset reserved variable quantity uplink transmission resources can be set independently according to actual conditions.
TABLE 2
Sequence number A second preset interval Reservation variable uplink transmission resource
1 1～10 +1TB
2 More than 10 +10TB
3 -10～-1 -1TB
4 -10 or less -10TB
It should be noted that: taking the IAB as a whole, the technical scheme can also be as follows:
referring to fig. 5, both IAB-node and IAB-node1 to IAB-node4 reserve uplink transmission resources hop by hop according to the above method, for example: when the UE2 just accesses the IAB, the IAB-node3 reserves uplink transmission resources by interacting with the UE2, and then the IAB-node1 reserves uplink transmission resources by interacting with the IAB-node3, so that the IAB-node is not described again and can be dynamically updated, fig. 6 is a schematic flow chart of a method for reserving uplink transmission resources based on the IAB according to another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 6, when the UE2 exits the IAB service in fig. 6, the IAB-node3 does not reserve resources any more, but since the IAB-node1 is also connected with the UE1, the IAB-node1 can reduce reserved resources, and finally the reserved resources can be determined by the UE1, thereby ensuring that sufficient resources are provided for the UE1 to use. If IAB-node1 is not connected with other UEs, IAB-node1 may also not reserve resources (not shown in FIG. 6).
According to the method for reserving uplink transmission resources based on the IAB, the corresponding reserved variable quantity uplink transmission resources are determined in each IAB node according to the quantity variable quantity of the UE, and the uplink transmission resources can be further reserved reasonably.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for reserving uplink transmission resources based on an IAB according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 7, an apparatus for reserving uplink transmission resources based on an IAB according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an obtaining unit 701 and a reserving unit 702, where:
the acquiring unit 701 is configured to acquire a traffic volume of a UE; the UE having accessed an IAB; the reservation unit 702 is configured to determine a first interval in which the value of the traffic is located according to a first preset interval, and determine a reserved uplink transmission resource corresponding to the first interval according to a first preset correspondence; the first preset corresponding relation is a corresponding relation between the first preset interval and preset reserved uplink transmission resources.
Specifically, the acquiring unit 701 is configured to acquire a traffic of the UE; the UE having accessed an IAB; the reservation unit 702 is configured to determine a first interval in which the value of the traffic is located according to a first preset interval, and determine a reserved uplink transmission resource corresponding to the first interval according to a first preset correspondence; the first preset corresponding relation is a corresponding relation between the first preset interval and preset reserved uplink transmission resources.
The device for reserving the uplink transmission resources based on the IAB provided by the embodiment of the invention can shorten the time delay of uplink transmission data by determining the corresponding reserved uplink transmission resources according to the traffic of the UE in each IAB node.
The device for reserving uplink transmission resources based on IAB provided in the embodiment of the present invention may be specifically used to execute the processing flow of each method embodiment, and the functions thereof are not described herein in detail, and may refer to the detailed description of the method embodiments.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an entity structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 8, where the electronic device includes: a processor (processor) 801, a memory (memory) 802, and a bus 803;
wherein, the processor 801 and the memory 802 complete communication with each other through the bus 803;
the processor 801 is configured to invoke program instructions in the memory 802 to perform the methods provided in the above method embodiments, for example, including: acquiring the service volume of UE; the UE having accessed an IAB; determining a first interval in which the numerical value of the traffic is located according to a first preset interval, and determining reserved uplink transmission resources corresponding to the first interval according to a first preset corresponding relation; the first preset corresponding relation is a corresponding relation between the first preset interval and preset reserved uplink transmission resources.
The present embodiment discloses a computer program product comprising a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, the computer program comprising program instructions which, when executed by a computer, are capable of performing the methods provided by the above-described method embodiments, for example comprising: acquiring the service volume of UE; the UE having accessed an IAB; determining a first interval in which the numerical value of the traffic is located according to a first preset interval, and determining reserved uplink transmission resources corresponding to the first interval according to a first preset corresponding relation; the first preset corresponding relation is a corresponding relation between the first preset interval and preset reserved uplink transmission resources.
The present embodiment provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions that cause a computer to perform the methods provided by the above-described method embodiments, for example, including: acquiring the service volume of UE; the UE having accessed an IAB; determining a first interval in which the numerical value of the traffic is located according to a first preset interval, and determining reserved uplink transmission resources corresponding to the first interval according to a first preset corresponding relation; the first preset corresponding relation is a corresponding relation between the first preset interval and preset reserved uplink transmission resources.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: all or part of the steps for implementing the above method embodiments may be implemented by hardware associated with program instructions, where the foregoing program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and when executed, the program performs steps including the above method embodiments; and the aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store program code, such as ROM, RAM, magnetic or optical disks.
The above-described embodiments of electronic devices and the like are merely illustrative, wherein the elements described as separate elements may or may not be physically separate, and the elements shown as elements may or may not be physical elements, may be located in one place, or may be distributed over a plurality of network elements. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment. Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand and implement the present invention without undue burden.
From the above description of the embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the embodiments may be implemented by means of software plus necessary general hardware platforms, or of course may be implemented by means of hardware. Based on this understanding, the foregoing technical solution may be embodied essentially or in a part contributing to the prior art in the form of a software product, which may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, such as ROM/RAM, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, etc., including several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the method described in the respective embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention, and are not limited thereto; although embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A method for reserving uplink transmission resources based on IAB, comprising:
acquiring the service volume of UE; the UE having accessed an IAB;
determining a first interval in which the numerical value of the traffic is located according to a first preset interval, and determining reserved uplink transmission resources corresponding to the first interval according to a first preset corresponding relation; the first preset corresponding relation is a corresponding relation between the first preset interval and preset reserved uplink transmission resources;
the method further comprises the steps of:
periodically acquiring the quantity change quantity of UE accessed with IAB;
determining a second interval in which the UE quantity variation is located according to a second preset interval, and determining reserved variation uplink transmission resources corresponding to the second interval according to a second preset corresponding relation; the second preset corresponding relation is a corresponding relation between the second preset interval and preset reserved variable quantity uplink transmission resources; the reserved variable amount uplink transmission resource is based on the variable amount of the reserved uplink transmission resource.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
if the traffic is judged to be changed, the updated first interval in which the updated value of the changed traffic is located is redetermined according to the first preset interval;
and determining the updated reserved uplink transmission resources corresponding to the updated first interval according to the first preset corresponding relation.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the determination of the reserved uplink transmission resources further comprises:
and quantitatively reserving the reserved uplink transmission resources.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein said quantitatively reserving said reserved uplink transmission resources comprises:
and taking the product of the numerical value of the traffic and the preset proportion as reserved uplink transmission resources which are reserved quantitatively.
5. An apparatus for reserving uplink transmission resources based on IAB, comprising:
an acquiring unit, configured to acquire a traffic volume of a UE; the UE having accessed an IAB;
a reservation unit, configured to determine a first interval in which a value of the traffic is located according to a first preset interval, and determine a reserved uplink transmission resource corresponding to the first interval according to a first preset correspondence; the first preset corresponding relation is a corresponding relation between the first preset interval and preset reserved uplink transmission resources;
the acquisition unit is further configured to: periodically acquiring the quantity change quantity of UE accessed with IAB;
the reservation unit is further configured to: determining a second interval in which the UE quantity variation is located according to a second preset interval, and determining reserved variation uplink transmission resources corresponding to the second interval according to a second preset corresponding relation; the second preset corresponding relation is a corresponding relation between the second preset interval and preset reserved variable quantity uplink transmission resources; the reserved variable amount uplink transmission resource is based on the variable amount of the reserved uplink transmission resource.
6. An electronic device, comprising: a processor, a memory, and a bus, wherein,
the processor and the memory complete communication with each other through the bus;
the memory stores program instructions executable by the processor, the processor invoking the program instructions to perform the method of any of claims 1-4.
7. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing computer instructions which, when executed by a computer, implement the method of any one of claims 1 to 4.
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