CN111490707A - A multi-mode electronic torque load meter - Google Patents
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- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种多模式电子转矩负载仪,包括:霍尔传感器用于测量发电机电枢端口电压和发电机电枢电流并经过信号调理电路反馈至微处理器;人机交互面板用于选择负载模式和设定不同负载模式对应的负载计算模块所需的运行参数;微处理器用于根据选择的不同负载模式调用对应的负载计算模块;用于调用负载计算模块所需的感应参数和/或运行参数和/或固定参数;用于执行对应的负载计算模块以获得用于驱动控制直流斩波器的PWM驱动芯片所发出的信号占空比,进而来调节发电机负载回路的电流大小。解决了单一负载工作特性缺陷,具备负载强度自动调节和实时显示功能,实现既定发电机转矩特性。
The invention discloses a multi-mode electronic torque load meter. Load mode and setting the operating parameters required by the load calculation module corresponding to different load modes; the microprocessor is used to call the corresponding load calculation module according to the selected different load modes; used to call the induction parameters and/or load calculation modules required by the load calculation module Operating parameters and/or fixed parameters; used to execute the corresponding load calculation module to obtain the duty cycle of the signal sent by the PWM driver chip used to drive and control the DC chopper, thereby adjusting the current size of the generator load circuit. It solves the defect of single load working characteristics, has the function of automatic adjustment of load intensity and real-time display, and realizes the given generator torque characteristics.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及电气工程领域,具体涉及一种多模式电子转矩负载仪。The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, in particular to a multi-mode electronic torque load meter.
背景技术Background technique
现有电气类电机实验装置中,广泛采用电机机组(电动机-直流发电机)工作方式,利用其中直流发电机作为原动电机的转矩负载调节装置,由于他励工作方式的直流发电机(以下简称发电机)的发电电压随转速同步变化,存在三大缺陷:1)其负载机械特性呈现斜坡函数规律,即线性能耗负载特性,无法为实验提供其它常用类型的转矩负载,例如恒转矩反作用负载、恒机械功率负载、通风机负载等,严重制约了电机类教学实验的开展效果;2)传统发电机负载转矩调节通过外接可调电阻器手动操作,实时性和准确性差;3)无法直接读取负载转矩大小,只能通过电机电枢电流人工换算。目前市面上各种型号的电子负载,仅限于电工电路应用领域实现负载电流、电压、电功率或阻抗的自动可控可调,尚无涉及电机机械转矩负载的自动调节装置。In the existing electrical motor experimental devices, the working mode of the motor unit (motor-DC generator) is widely used, and the DC generator is used as the torque load adjustment device of the prime mover. The generator voltage for short) changes synchronously with the rotational speed, and there are three major defects: 1) Its mechanical characteristics of the load show a ramp function law, that is, the linear energy consumption load characteristics, which cannot provide other commonly used types of torque loads for experiments, such as constant rotation. Torque reaction load, constant mechanical power load, fan load, etc., seriously restrict the development effect of electric motor teaching experiments; 2) The traditional generator load torque adjustment is manually operated through an external adjustable resistor, which has poor real-time and accuracy; 3 ) cannot directly read the load torque, and can only be manually converted by the motor armature current. At present, various types of electronic loads on the market are limited to the application field of electrical circuits to realize automatic controllable and adjustable load current, voltage, electric power or impedance, and there is no automatic adjustment device involving the mechanical torque load of the motor.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
针对以上问题,本发明目的在于提供一种多模式电子转矩负载仪,其旨在解决现有直流发电机负载的单一负载工作特性缺陷,提供多种负载模式可选的电子转矩负载仪,具备负载强度自动调节功能。In view of the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-mode electronic torque load meter, which aims to solve the defect of the single load working characteristic of the existing DC generator load, and provides an electronic torque load meter with multiple load modes optional, It has the function of automatic adjustment of load intensity.
本发明通过下述技术方案实现:The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种多模式电子转矩负载仪,包括检测发电机负载回路获得感应参数的霍尔传感器、调节所述发电机负载回路电流大小的直流斩波器、微处理器和人机交互面板;A multi-mode electronic torque load meter, comprising a Hall sensor for detecting a generator load loop to obtain inductive parameters, a DC chopper for adjusting the current size of the generator load loop, a microprocessor and a human-computer interaction panel;
霍尔传感器,用于测量所述发电机电枢端口电压和所述发电机电枢电流并经过信号调理电路反馈至所述微处理器;a Hall sensor for measuring the generator armature port voltage and the generator armature current and feeding back to the microprocessor through a signal conditioning circuit;
人机交互面板,用于选择负载模式和设定不同负载模式对应的负载计算模块所需的运行参数,并在运行中实时显示发电机的负载工作参数;The human-computer interaction panel is used to select the load mode and set the operating parameters required by the load calculation module corresponding to different load modes, and display the load working parameters of the generator in real time during operation;
微处理器,用于根据选择的不同负载模式调用对应的所述负载计算模块;用于调用负载计算模块所需的感应参数和/或运行参数和/或固定参数;用于执行对应的所述负载计算模块以获得用于驱动控制所述直流斩波器的PWM驱动芯片所发出的信号占空比;The microprocessor is used to call the corresponding load calculation module according to the selected different load modes; used to call the induction parameters and/or operating parameters and/or fixed parameters required by the load calculation module; used to execute the corresponding The load calculation module obtains the duty ratio of the signal sent by the PWM driver chip for driving and controlling the DC chopper;
直流斩波器,通过PWM驱动芯片与所述微处理器的输出端相连接,用于获取所述微处理器输出的PWM驱动芯片所发出的信号占空比来调节所述发电机负载回路的电流大小。The DC chopper is connected to the output end of the microprocessor through the PWM drive chip, and is used to obtain the duty cycle of the signal output by the PWM drive chip output by the microprocessor to adjust the generator load loop. current size.
可选地,当选择的负载模式为能耗负载模式,对应的所述负载计算模块为能耗负载计算模块,所述运行参数为设定的PWM驱动芯片所发出的信号占空比,所述能耗负载计算模块执行以下过程:Optionally, when the selected load mode is an energy consumption load mode, the corresponding load calculation module is an energy consumption load calculation module, and the operation parameter is the signal duty cycle sent by the set PWM drive chip, and the The energy consumption load calculation module performs the following processes:
根据所述设定的PWM驱动芯片所发出的信号占空比,直接输出用于驱动控制所述直流斩波器的PWM驱动芯片所发出的信号占空比。According to the set duty ratio of the signal sent by the PWM driving chip, the duty ratio of the signal sent by the PWM driving chip for driving and controlling the DC chopper is directly output.
可选地,当选择的负载模式为转矩负载模式时,对应的所述负载计算模块为转矩负载计算模块,所述运行参数为设定的转矩值,所述感应参数为发电机电枢的实时电流和电压反馈值,所述固定参数为发电机的电势常数和励磁磁通的乘积值,所述转矩负载计算模块执行以下过程:Optionally, when the selected load mode is a torque load mode, the corresponding load calculation module is a torque load calculation module, the operation parameter is a set torque value, and the induction parameter is the generator armature. The real-time current and voltage feedback value of , the fixed parameter is the product value of the potential constant of the generator and the excitation magnetic flux, and the torque load calculation module performs the following process:
根据所述设定的转矩值、发电机的电势常数和励磁磁通的参数,通过电流调节给定值算法计算得到电流调节给定值;According to the set torque value, the potential constant of the generator and the parameters of the excitation magnetic flux, the current adjustment given value is calculated by the current adjustment given value algorithm;
根据所述电流调节给定值和所述发电机电枢的实时电流反馈值的偏差通过PI算法计算得出发电机负载回路的需控电流,并将需控电流转换为PWM驱动芯片所发出的信号占空比输出;According to the deviation of the current regulation given value and the real-time current feedback value of the generator armature, the required control current of the generator load circuit is calculated by the PI algorithm, and the required current is converted into the signal sent by the PWM drive chip. empty ratio output;
所述电流调节给定值算法具体为:The specific algorithm of the current regulation given value is:
, ,
其中,为电流调节给定值,为设定的转矩值,为发电机的电势常数,为发电机的励磁磁通。in, to adjust the given value for the current, is the set torque value, is the potential constant of the generator, is the excitation flux of the generator.
可选地,当选择的负载模式为功率负载模式时,对应的所述负载计算模块为功率负载计算模块,所述运行参数为设定的功率值,所述感应参数为发电机电枢的实时电流反馈值和发电机电枢的实时电压反馈值,所述功率负载计算模块执行以下过程:Optionally, when the selected load mode is a power load mode, the corresponding load calculation module is a power load calculation module, the operation parameter is a set power value, and the induction parameter is the real-time current of the generator armature. The feedback value and the real-time voltage feedback value of the generator armature, the power load calculation module performs the following process:
根据所述设定的功率值和发电机电枢的实时电压反馈值通过电流调节给定值算法计算得到电流调节给定值;According to the set power value and the real-time voltage feedback value of the generator armature, the current adjustment given value is calculated by the current adjustment given value algorithm;
根据所述电流调节给定值和所述发电机电枢的实时电流反馈值的偏差通过PI算法计算得出发电机负载回路需控电流,并将需控电流转换为PWM驱动芯片所发出的信号占空比输出;According to the deviation of the current regulation given value and the real-time current feedback value of the generator armature, the current to be controlled in the generator load circuit is calculated by the PI algorithm, and the current to be controlled is converted into the signal sent by the PWM drive chip. than output;
所述电流调节给定值算法具体为:The specific algorithm of the current regulation given value is:
, ,
其中,为电流调节给定值,为设定的功率值,为发电机电枢的实时电压反馈值。in, to adjust the given value for the current, is the set power value, is the real-time voltage feedback value of the generator armature.
可选地,当选择的负载模式为风机负载模式时,对应的所述负载计算模块为风机负载计算模块,所述运行参数为设定的风力系数值,所述感应参数为发电机电枢的实时电压和电流反馈值,所述固定参数为发电机的电势常数和励磁磁通,所述风机负载计算模块执行以下过程:Optionally, when the selected load mode is the fan load mode, the corresponding load calculation module is the fan load calculation module, the operation parameter is the set wind coefficient value, and the induction parameter is the real-time value of the generator armature. Voltage and current feedback values, the fixed parameters are the potential constant of the generator and the excitation magnetic flux, and the fan load calculation module performs the following processes:
根据所述设定的风力系数值、发电机的电势常数和励磁磁通等参数,通过电流调节给定值算法计算得到电流调节给定值;According to the set wind coefficient value, the potential constant of the generator and the excitation magnetic flux and other parameters, the current adjustment given value is calculated by the current adjustment given value algorithm;
根据所述电流调节给定值和所述发电机电枢的实时电流反馈值的偏差通过PI算法计算得出发电机负载回路的需控电流,并将所述发电机负载回路的需控电流转换为PWM驱动芯片所发出的信号占空比输出;According to the deviation of the current regulation given value and the real-time current feedback value of the generator armature, the required control current of the generator load circuit is calculated through the PI algorithm, and the required control current of the generator load circuit is converted into PWM The duty cycle output of the signal sent by the driver chip;
所述电流调节给定值算法具体为:The specific algorithm of the current regulation given value is:
, ,
其中,为设定的风力系数值,为发电机的电势常数,为发电机的励磁磁通,为发电机电枢的实时电压反馈值。in, is the set wind coefficient value, is the potential constant of the generator, is the excitation flux of the generator, is the real-time voltage feedback value of the generator armature.
可选地,所述PI算法具体为:Optionally, the PI algorithm is specifically:
; ;
其中,为发电机负载回路的需控电流值,为电流调节给定值,为发电机电枢实时电流反馈值,为PI误差调节器的预置比例参数,为PI误差调节器的预置积分参数。in, is the controlled current value of the generator load circuit, to adjust the given value for the current, is the real-time current feedback value of the generator armature, is the preset proportional parameter of the PI error regulator, Preset integral parameters for the PI error regulator.
可选地,所述人机交互面板还用于实时显示测算参数值,所述测算参数包括发电机负载回路的转矩值和发电机负载回路的功率值。Optionally, the human-computer interaction panel is further configured to display measured parameter values in real time, and the measured and calculated parameters include the torque value of the generator load circuit and the power value of the generator load circuit.
可选地,当选择的负载模式为能耗负载模式、转矩负载模式或风机负载模式时,人机交互面板显示的所述测算参数值为发电机负载回路的转矩值,对应的所述负载计算模块为能耗负载计算模块、转矩负载计算模块或风机负载计算模块,所述感应参数均为发电机电枢的实时电流和电压反馈值,所述固定参数均为发电机的电势常数和励磁磁通的乘积值,所述能耗负载计算模块、转矩负载计算模块或风机负载计算模块均还执行以下过程:Optionally, when the selected load mode is the energy consumption load mode, the torque load mode or the fan load mode, the measured parameter value displayed on the human-computer interaction panel is the torque value of the generator load circuit, and the corresponding The load calculation module is an energy consumption load calculation module, a torque load calculation module or a fan load calculation module, the inductive parameters are the real-time current and voltage feedback values of the generator armature, and the fixed parameters are the potential constant and the voltage of the generator. The product value of the excitation magnetic flux, the energy consumption load calculation module, the torque load calculation module or the fan load calculation module also performs the following process:
根据发电机电枢的实时电流反馈值、发电机的电势常数和励磁磁通等参数,通过发电机负载回路的转矩值算法计算得到所述发电机负载回路的转矩值;According to the real-time current feedback value of the generator armature, the potential constant of the generator and the excitation magnetic flux and other parameters, the torque value of the generator load circuit is calculated by the torque value algorithm of the generator load circuit;
所述发电机负载回路的转矩值算法具体为:The torque value algorithm of the generator load circuit is specifically:
, ,
其中,为发电机负载回路的转矩值,为发电机电枢的实时电流反馈值,为发电机的电势常数,为发电机的励磁磁通。in, is the torque value of the generator load circuit, is the real-time current feedback value of the generator armature, is the potential constant of the generator, is the excitation flux of the generator.
可选地,当选择的负载模式为功率负载模式时,人机交互面板显示的所述测算参数值为发电机负载回路的功率值,对应的所述负载计算模块为功率负载计算模块,所述感应参数均为发电机电枢的实时电流反馈值和发电机电枢的实时电压反馈值,所述功率负载计算模块均还执行以下过程:Optionally, when the selected load mode is the power load mode, the measured parameter value displayed on the human-computer interaction panel is the power value of the generator load circuit, and the corresponding load calculation module is a power load calculation module, and the The induction parameters are both the real-time current feedback value of the generator armature and the real-time voltage feedback value of the generator armature, and the power load calculation module also performs the following process:
根据发电机电枢的实时电流反馈值和发电机电枢的实时电压反馈值,通过发电机负载回路的功率值算法计算得到所述发电机负载回路的功率值;According to the real-time current feedback value of the generator armature and the real-time voltage feedback value of the generator armature, the power value of the generator load circuit is obtained by calculating the power value algorithm of the generator load circuit;
所述发电机负载回路的功率值算法具体为:The power value algorithm of the generator load circuit is specifically:
, ,
其中,为发电机负载回路的功率值,为发电机电枢的实时电压反馈值,为发电机电枢的实时电流反馈值。in, is the power value of the generator load circuit, is the real-time voltage feedback value of the generator armature, is the real-time current feedback value of the generator armature.
本发明与现有技术相比,具有如下的优点和有益效果:Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
本发明提供的一种多模式电子转矩负载仪,通过人机交互面板来选择不同负载转矩模式和设定运行参数,通过霍尔传感器来测量发电机工作参数,然后通过微处理器根据所选择的负载模式调用对应的负载计算模块和调用所需的参数,用以获得驱动控制所述直流斩波器的PWM驱动芯片所发出的信号占空比,最后通过直流斩波器来调节发电机负载回路的电流大小,以发电机电枢电流闭环控制的方式实现对负载特性的自动调节,微处理器根据选择的不同负载模式调用对应的负载计算模块,提供了多种负载模式对应的负载计算模块,解决了现有直流发电机负载的单一负载工作特性缺陷。The multi-mode electronic torque load meter provided by the present invention selects different load torque modes and sets operating parameters through the human-computer interaction panel, measures the working parameters of the generator through the Hall sensor, and then uses the microprocessor to measure the working parameters according to the selected parameters. The selected load mode calls the corresponding load calculation module and calls the required parameters to obtain the duty cycle of the signal sent by the PWM driver chip that drives and controls the DC chopper, and finally adjusts the generator through the DC chopper The current size of the load loop realizes the automatic adjustment of the load characteristics by means of the closed-loop control of the generator armature current. The microprocessor calls the corresponding load calculation module according to the selected different load modes, and provides load calculation modules corresponding to various load modes. , which solves the defect of the single load working characteristic of the existing DC generator load.
附图说明Description of drawings
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明实施例的进一步理解,构成本申请的一部分,并不构成对本发明实施例的限定。在附图中:The accompanying drawings described herein are used to provide further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, and constitute a part of the present application, and do not constitute limitations to the embodiments of the present invention. In the attached image:
图1为本发明提供的多模式电子转矩负载仪的功能结构示意图;Fig. 1 is the functional structure schematic diagram of the multi-mode electronic torque load meter provided by the present invention;
图2为本发明提供的多模式电子转矩负载仪应用于发电机的电气原理图;2 is an electrical schematic diagram of the application of the multi-mode electronic torque load meter provided by the present invention to a generator;
图3为本发明提供的多模式电子转矩负载仪中微处理器的负载控制程序框图。FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the load control program of the microprocessor in the multi-mode electronic torque load meter provided by the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白,下面结合实施例和附图,对本发明作进一步的详细说明,本发明的示意性实施方式及其说明仅用于解释本发明,并不作为对本发明的限定。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. as a limitation of the present invention.
在以下描述中,为了提供对本发明的透彻理解阐述了大量特定细节。然而,对于本领域普通技术人员显而易见的是:不必采用这些特定细节来实行本发明。在其他实例中,为了避免混淆本发明,未具体描述公知的结构、电路、材料或方法。In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one of ordinary skill in the art that these specific details need not be employed to practice the present invention. In other instances, well-known structures, circuits, materials, or methods have not been described in detail in order to avoid obscuring the present invention.
在整个说明书中,对“一个实施例”、“实施例”、“一个示例”或“示例”的提及意味着:结合该实施例或示例描述的特定特征、结构或特性被包含在本发明至少一个实施例中。因此,在整个说明书的各个地方出现的短语“一个实施例”、“实施例”、“一个示例”或“示例”不一定都指同一实施例或示例。此外,可以以任何适当的组合和、或子组合将特定的特征、结构或特性组合在一个或多个实施例或示例中。此外,本领域普通技术人员应当理解,在此提供的示图都是为了说明的目的,并且示图不一定是按比例绘制的。这里使用的术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关列出的项目的任何和所有组合。Throughout this specification, references to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "an example," or "an example" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in the present invention in at least one embodiment. Thus, appearances of the phrases "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "one example," or "an example" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures or characteristics may be combined in any suitable combination and/or subcombination in one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the drawings provided herein are for illustrative purposes and that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
目前市面上各种型号的电子负载,仅限于电工电路应用领域实现负载电流、电压、电功率或阻抗的自动可控可调,尚无涉及电机机械转矩负载的自动调节装置。因此,本发明为了克服现有直流发电机负载的单一负载工作特性缺陷,提供多种负载模式可选的电子负载转矩仪,同时具备负载强度调节与测量显示功能。At present, various types of electronic loads on the market are limited to the application field of electrical circuits to realize automatic controllable and adjustable load current, voltage, electric power or impedance, and there is no automatic adjustment device involving the mechanical torque load of the motor. Therefore, in order to overcome the defect of the single load working characteristic of the existing DC generator load, the present invention provides an electronic load torque meter with multiple load modes selectable, and also has the functions of load intensity adjustment and measurement display.
发电机电磁转矩大小的调节控制:Adjustment control of generator electromagnetic torque:
直流发电机电磁转矩定义及计算公式:;Definition and calculation formula of electromagnetic torque of DC generator: ;
直流发电机发电电势定义及计算公式:;Definition and calculation formula of power generation potential of DC generator: ;
一般可忽略发电机电枢内阻压降,使得:, Generally, the internal resistance voltage drop of the generator armature can be ignored, so that: ,
其中, in,
发电机负载机械特性方程式公式:;Generator load mechanical characteristic equation formula: ;
在励磁磁通保持恒定情况下,与成正比例关系,控制调节,就实现对的调节,而的大小通过直流斩波器PWM占空比的调节实现,不同负载模式选择不同的调节规律(即的变化规律),就可以提供不同的负载机械特性,即:,因此,本发明通过调节发电机输出电流大小,进而实现既定发电机转矩特性。in the excitation flux kept constant, and Proportional relationship, control regulation , it is true adjustment, while The size of the PWM duty cycle through the DC chopper The adjustment is realized, different load modes choose different regulation (i.e. The changing law), it can provide different mechanical characteristics of the load, namely: Therefore, the present invention realizes a given generator torque characteristic by adjusting the output current of the generator.
其中,为发电机转矩常数,为发电机的电势常数,为发电机的励磁磁通,为发电机负载回路的需控电流值,为发电机发电电势, 为发电机电枢的实时电压反馈值,为直流斩波器 PWM驱动芯片所发出的信号占空比,为斩波器输出端外接恒定负载电阻。in, is the generator torque constant, is the potential constant of the generator, is the excitation flux of the generator, is the controlled current value of the generator load circuit, generating potential for the generator, is the real-time voltage feedback value of the generator armature, is the duty cycle of the signal sent by the DC chopper PWM driver chip, Connect a constant load resistor to the output of the chopper.
一种多模式电子转矩负载仪通过对电机机组中直流发电机的电磁转矩实施不同的自动控制策略,实现对原动机(交、直流电动机)转矩负载的调节。A multi-mode electronic torque load meter realizes the adjustment of the torque load of the prime mover (AC and DC motors) by implementing different automatic control strategies for the electromagnetic torque of the DC generator in the motor unit.
PWM驱动芯片为脉宽调制驱动芯片,转矩负载模式指恒转矩负载模式,PI算法为比例积分控制算法,功率负载模式为恒功率负载模式。The PWM drive chip is a pulse width modulation drive chip, the torque load mode refers to the constant torque load mode, the PI algorithm is a proportional integral control algorithm, and the power load mode is a constant power load mode.
注:发电机电枢回路电流即等同于发电机负载回路电流。Note: The generator armature circuit current is equivalent to the generator load circuit current.
如图1所示,本发明提供的一种多模式电子转矩负载仪,包括检测发电机负载回路获得感应参数的霍尔传感器、调节发电机负载回路电流大小的直流斩波器、微处理器和人机交互面板;As shown in FIG. 1, a multi-mode electronic torque load meter provided by the present invention includes a Hall sensor for detecting the generator load loop to obtain inductive parameters, a DC chopper for adjusting the current size of the generator load loop, and a microprocessor. and human-computer interaction panel;
霍尔传感器,用于测量发电机电枢端口电压和发电机电枢电流并经过信号调理电路反馈至微处理器;Hall sensor, used to measure the generator armature port voltage and generator armature current and feed back to the microprocessor through the signal conditioning circuit;
人机交互面板,用于选择负载模式和设定不同负载模式对应的负载计算模块所需的运行参数,并在运行中实时显示发电机的负载工作参数;The human-computer interaction panel is used to select the load mode and set the operating parameters required by the load calculation module corresponding to different load modes, and display the load working parameters of the generator in real time during operation;
微处理器,用于根据选择的不同负载模式调用对应的负载计算模块;用于调用负载计算模块所需的感应参数和/或运行参数和/或固定参数;用于执行对应的负载计算模块以获得用于驱动控制直流斩波器的PWM驱动芯片所发出的信号占空比;The microprocessor is used to call the corresponding load calculation module according to the selected different load modes; it is used to call the induction parameters and/or operating parameters and/or fixed parameters required by the load calculation module; it is used to execute the corresponding load calculation module to Obtain the duty cycle of the signal sent by the PWM driver chip used to drive and control the DC chopper;
直流斩波器,通过PWM驱动芯片与微处理器的输出端相连接,用于获取微处理器输出的PWM驱动芯片所发出的信号占空比来调节发电机负载回路的电流大小。The DC chopper is connected to the output end of the microprocessor through the PWM drive chip, and is used to obtain the duty cycle of the signal sent by the PWM drive chip output by the microprocessor to adjust the current size of the generator load circuit.
本发明提供的一种多模式电子转矩负载仪,首先用户通过人机交互面板来进行运行参数的设定和进行负载模式的选择,再通过霍尔传感器检测发电机电枢负载回路获得感应参数,然后微处理器根据选择的不同负载模式调用对应的负载计算模块和调用改计算模块所需的感应参数和/或运行参数和/或固定参数,最后执行该负载计算模块以获得驱动控制直流斩波器的PWM驱动芯片所发出的信号占空比,然后直流斩波器再根据微处理器输出的PWM驱动芯片所发出的信号占空比来调节发电机负载回路的电流大小,进而实现负载强度调节,通过在微处理器中设置多种负载计算模块,解决了现有直流发电机负载的单一负载工作特性缺陷。In the multi-mode electronic torque load meter provided by the present invention, the user first sets the operating parameters and selects the load mode through the human-computer interaction panel, and then detects the generator armature load loop through the Hall sensor to obtain the induction parameters, Then the microprocessor calls the corresponding load calculation module according to the selected different load modes and calls the induction parameters and/or operating parameters and/or fixed parameters required by the calculation module, and finally executes the load calculation module to obtain the drive control DC chopper The duty cycle of the signal sent by the PWM driver chip of the generator, and then the DC chopper adjusts the current size of the generator load circuit according to the signal duty cycle sent by the PWM driver chip output by the microprocessor, thereby realizing the adjustment of the load intensity. , By setting up multiple load calculation modules in the microprocessor, the defect of the single load working characteristic of the existing DC generator load is solved.
具体的,如图2所示,首先通过用户操作人机交互面板设定运行参数和进行模式的选择,然后人机交互面板与微处理器交互,此时,霍尔电压传感器HV测量发电机电枢两端电压,霍尔电流传感器HI测量发电机电枢电流,然后将测量后得到的感应参数经过信号调理电流反馈至微处理器,微处理器根据选择的负载模式调用对应的负载计算模块以获得PWM驱动芯片所发出的信号占空比,并将该PWM驱动芯片所发出的信号占空比输出给与微处理器输出端连接的PWM驱动芯片,进而驱动直流斩波器来调节发电机负载回路的电流大小,实现负载强度的调节。Specifically, as shown in Figure 2, first, the user operates the human-computer interaction panel to set the operating parameters and select the mode, and then the human-computer interaction panel interacts with the microprocessor. At this time, the Hall voltage sensor HV measures the generator armature The voltage at both ends, the Hall current sensor HI measures the armature current of the generator, and then the inductive parameters obtained after the measurement are fed back to the microprocessor through the signal conditioning current, and the microprocessor calls the corresponding load calculation module according to the selected load mode to obtain the PWM The duty cycle of the signal sent by the drive chip is output to the PWM drive chip connected to the output end of the microprocessor, and then drives the DC chopper to adjust the generator load loop. The size of the current can realize the adjustment of the load intensity.
图2中,TV为三极管、VD为二极管、L为电感线圈、斩波器输出端外接恒定负载电阻和PWM驱动芯片组成了一个电流回路。In Figure 2, TV is a transistor, VD is a diode, L is an inductance coil, and the output end of the chopper is connected to a constant load resistance It forms a current loop with the PWM driver chip.
如图3所示,当多模式电子转矩负载仪作业前,微处理器还用于对恒定负载电阻值、发电机发电参数、PI误差调节器的预置比例和积分参数值进行初始化,以作为调用后续负载计算模块所需的固定参数。As shown in Figure 3, before the multi-mode electronic torque load meter is operating, the microprocessor is also used for the constant load resistance value, generator power generation parameters , The preset proportional and integral parameter values of the PI error regulator are initialized as fixed parameters required to call the subsequent load calculation module.
其中,当选择的负载模式为能耗负载模式,对应的负载计算模块为能耗负载计算模块,运行参数为设定的PWM驱动芯片所发出的信号占空比,能耗负载计算模块执行以下过程:Among them, when the selected load mode is the energy consumption load mode, the corresponding load calculation module is the energy consumption load calculation module, the operating parameter is the signal duty cycle sent by the set PWM driver chip, and the energy consumption load calculation module performs the following process :
根据设定的PWM驱动芯片所发出的信号占空比,直接输出用于驱动控制直流斩波器的PWM驱动芯片所发出的信号占空比。According to the set signal duty cycle sent by the PWM drive chip, the signal duty cycle sent by the PWM drive chip used to drive and control the DC chopper is directly output.
其中,设定的PWM驱动芯片所发出的信号占空比是人为设定,根据人为设定的信号占空比,通过PWM驱动芯片驱动控制直流斩波器进行输出。Among them, the duty cycle of the signal sent by the set PWM drive chip is manually set, and according to the artificially set signal duty cycle, the DC chopper is driven and controlled by the PWM drive chip for output.
其中,当选择的负载模式为转矩负载模式时,对应的所述负载计算模块为转矩负载计算模块,运行参数为设定的转矩值,感应参数为发电机电枢的实时电流反馈值,固定参数为发电机的电势常数和励磁磁通的乘积值,转矩负载计算模块执行以下过程:Wherein, when the selected load mode is the torque load mode, the corresponding load calculation module is the torque load calculation module, the operating parameter is the set torque value, and the induction parameter is the real-time current feedback value of the generator armature, The fixed parameter is the product of the generator's potential constant and the excitation magnetic flux. The torque load calculation module performs the following processes:
根据设定的转矩值、发电机的电势常数和励磁磁通的参数,通过电流调节给定值算法计算得到电流调节给定值;According to the set torque value, the potential constant of the generator and the parameters of the excitation magnetic flux, the current adjustment given value is calculated by the current adjustment given value algorithm;
根据电流调节给定值和发电机电枢的实时电流反馈值的偏差通过PI算法计算得出发电机负载回路的需控电流,并将需控电流转换为PWM驱动芯片所发出的信号占空比输出;According to the deviation of the current adjustment given value and the real-time current feedback value of the generator armature, the current to be controlled in the load circuit of the generator is calculated by the PI algorithm, and the current to be controlled is converted into the signal duty cycle output by the PWM drive chip;
电流调节给定值算法具体为:The specific algorithm of current regulation given value is:
, ,
其中,为电流调节给定值,为设定的转矩值,为发电机的电势常数,为发电机的励磁磁通。in, to adjust the given value for the current, is the set torque value, is the potential constant of the generator, is the excitation flux of the generator.
具体的,PI算法具体为:Specifically, the PI algorithm is as follows:
; ;
其中, 为发电机负载回路的需控电流值, 为电流调节给定值, 为发电机电枢实时电流反馈值, 为PI误差调节器的预置比例参数, 为PI误差调节器的预置积分参数。in, is the controlled current value of the generator load circuit, to adjust the given value for the current, is the real-time current feedback value of the generator armature, is the preset proportional parameter of the PI error regulator, Preset integral parameters for the PI error regulator.
其中,当选择的负载模式为功率负载模式时,对应的负载计算模块为功率负载计算模块,运行参数为设定的功率值,感应参数为发电机电枢的实时电流反馈值和发电机电枢的实时电压反馈值,功率负载计算模块执行以下过程:Wherein, when the selected load mode is the power load mode, the corresponding load calculation module is the power load calculation module, the operating parameter is the set power value, and the induction parameter is the real-time current feedback value of the generator armature and the real-time current feedback value of the generator armature. The voltage feedback value, the power load calculation module performs the following process:
根据设定的功率值和发电机电枢的实时电压反馈值通过电流调节给定值算法计算得到电流调节给定值;According to the set power value and the real-time voltage feedback value of the generator armature, the current adjustment given value is calculated by the current adjustment given value algorithm;
根据电流调节给定值和发电机电枢的实时电流反馈值的偏差通过PI算法计算得出发电机负载回路需控电流,并将需控电流转换为PWM驱动芯片所发出的信号占空比输出;According to the deviation of the current regulation given value and the real-time current feedback value of the generator armature, the current to be controlled by the generator load circuit is calculated through the PI algorithm, and the current to be controlled is converted into the signal duty cycle output from the PWM drive chip;
电流调节给定值算法具体为:The specific algorithm of current regulation given value is:
, ,
其中, 为电流调节给定值, 为设定的功率值, 为发电机电枢的实时电压反馈值。其中PI算法与转矩负载中的PI算法一致,在此不再赘述。in, to adjust the given value for the current, is the set power value, is the real-time voltage feedback value of the generator armature. The PI algorithm is consistent with the PI algorithm in the torque load, and will not be repeated here.
其中,当选择的负载模式为风机负载模式时,对应的负载计算模块为风机负载计算模块,运行参数为设定的风力系数值,感应参数为发电机电枢的实时电压和电流反馈值,固定参数为发电机的电势常数和励磁磁通,风机负载计算模块执行以下过程:Among them, when the selected load mode is the fan load mode, the corresponding load calculation module is the fan load calculation module, the operating parameter is the set wind coefficient value, the induction parameter is the real-time voltage and current feedback value of the generator armature, and the fixed parameter For the generator's potential constant and field flux, the fan load calculation module performs the following process:
根据设定的风力系数值、发电机的电势常数和励磁磁通等参数,通过电流调节给定值算法计算得到电流调节给定值;According to the set wind coefficient value, the potential constant of the generator and the excitation magnetic flux and other parameters, the current adjustment given value is calculated by the current adjustment given value algorithm;
根据电流调节给定值和发电机电枢的实时电流反馈值的偏差通过PI算法计算得出发电机负载回路的需控电流,并将发电机负载回路的需控电流转换为PWM驱动芯片所发出的信号占空比输出;According to the deviation of the current regulation set value and the real-time current feedback value of the generator armature, the required control current of the generator load circuit is calculated by the PI algorithm, and the required control current of the generator load circuit is converted into the signal sent by the PWM drive chip. duty cycle output;
电流调节给定值算法具体为:The specific algorithm of current regulation given value is:
, ,
其中, 为设定的风力系数值, 为发电机的电势常数, 为发电机的励磁磁通, 为发电机电枢的实时电压反馈值。其中的PI算法与转矩负载中的PI算法一致,在此不再赘述。in, is the set wind coefficient value, is the potential constant of the generator, is the excitation flux of the generator, is the real-time voltage feedback value of the generator armature. The PI algorithm is consistent with the PI algorithm in the torque load, and will not be repeated here.
其中,人机交互面板还用于实时显示测算参数值,测算参数包括发电机负载回路的转矩值和发电机负载回路的功率值。Among them, the human-computer interaction panel is also used to display the measured parameter values in real time, and the measured parameters include the torque value of the generator load circuit and the power value of the generator load circuit.
具体的,当选择的负载模式为能耗负载模式、转矩负载模式或风机负载模式时,人机交互面板显示的测算参数值为发电机负载回路的转矩值,对应的负载计算模块为能耗负载计算模块、转矩负载计算模块或风机负载计算模块,感应参数均为发电机电枢的实时电流和电压反馈值,固定参数均为发电机的电势常数和励磁磁通的乘积值,能耗负载计算模块、转矩负载计算模块或风机负载计算模块均还执行以下过程:Specifically, when the selected load mode is energy consumption load mode, torque load mode or fan load mode, the measured parameter value displayed on the human-computer interaction panel is the torque value of the generator load circuit, and the corresponding load calculation module is the energy In the load consumption calculation module, torque load calculation module or fan load calculation module, the induction parameters are the real-time current and voltage feedback values of the generator armature, and the fixed parameters are the product value of the potential constant of the generator and the excitation magnetic flux. The load calculation module, torque load calculation module or fan load calculation module also performs the following process:
根据发电机电枢的实时电流反馈值、发电机的电势常数和励磁磁通等参数,通过发电机负载回路的转矩值算法计算得到所述发电机负载回路的转矩值;According to the real-time current feedback value of the generator armature, the potential constant of the generator and the excitation magnetic flux and other parameters, the torque value of the generator load circuit is calculated by the torque value algorithm of the generator load circuit;
发电机负载回路的转矩值算法具体为:The torque value algorithm of the generator load circuit is as follows:
, ,
其中, 为发电机负载回路的转矩值, 为发电机电枢的实时电流反馈值, 为发电机的电势常数, 为发电机的励磁磁通, 的取值来源于发电机额定铭牌参数换算或实验测定结果,发电机采用他励额定励磁方式工作。in, is the torque value of the generator load circuit, is the real-time current feedback value of the generator armature, is the potential constant of the generator, is the excitation flux of the generator, The value of is derived from the conversion of the rated nameplate parameters of the generator or the experimental measurement results, and the generator works in the separately excited rated excitation mode.
具体的,当选择的负载模式为功率负载模式时,人机交互面板显示的测算参数值为发电机负载回路的功率值,对应的负载计算模块为功率负载计算模块,感应参数均为发电机电枢的实时电流反馈值和发电机电枢的实时电压反馈值,功率负载计算模块均还执行以下过程:Specifically, when the selected load mode is the power load mode, the measured parameter value displayed on the human-computer interaction panel is the power value of the generator load circuit, the corresponding load calculation module is the power load calculation module, and the induction parameters are the generator armatures. The real-time current feedback value of the generator armature and the real-time voltage feedback value of the generator armature, the power load calculation module also performs the following processes:
根据发电机电枢的实时电流反馈值和发电机电枢的实时电压反馈值,通过发电机负载回路的功率值算法计算得到发电机负载回路的功率值;According to the real-time current feedback value of the generator armature and the real-time voltage feedback value of the generator armature, the power value of the generator load circuit is calculated by the power value algorithm of the generator load circuit;
发电机负载回路的功率值算法具体为:The power value algorithm of the generator load circuit is as follows:
, ,
其中, 为发电机负载回路的功率值, 为发电机电枢的实时电压反馈值, 为发电机电枢的实时电流反馈值。in, is the power value of the generator load circuit, is the real-time voltage feedback value of the generator armature, is the real-time current feedback value of the generator armature.
以上所述的具体实施方式,对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明,所应理解的是,以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施方式而已,并不用于限定本发明的保护范围,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The specific embodiments described above further describe the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above descriptions are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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