CN111490525A - Open-phase detection and fault-tolerant control method for three-phase photovoltaic inverter - Google Patents

Open-phase detection and fault-tolerant control method for three-phase photovoltaic inverter Download PDF

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CN111490525A
CN111490525A CN202010195668.1A CN202010195668A CN111490525A CN 111490525 A CN111490525 A CN 111490525A CN 202010195668 A CN202010195668 A CN 202010195668A CN 111490525 A CN111490525 A CN 111490525A
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phase
current
fault
photovoltaic inverter
inverter
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胡卫丰
周宇
马汝祥
侍红兵
王暑
胥峥
李正佳
孙大军
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Huatian Power Technology Co ltd
Yancheng Power Supply Co of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
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Yancheng Power Supply Co of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/122Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters
    • H02H7/1225Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters responsive to internal faults, e.g. shoot-through
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/53871Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/539Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency
    • H02M7/5395Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency by pulse-width modulation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Abstract

The invention discloses a phase-defect detection and fault-tolerant control method for a three-phase photovoltaic inverter, which specifically comprises the steps of carrying out topology transformation on the three-phase photovoltaic inverter, detecting the running state of the three-phase photovoltaic inverter, carrying out normal control if the three-phase photovoltaic inverter runs normally, carrying out fault phase detection and judgment if the three-phase photovoltaic inverter runs abnormally, carrying out fault isolation and control switch triggering, carrying out phase current reconstruction, and carrying out PWM control output adjustment.

Description

Open-phase detection and fault-tolerant control method for three-phase photovoltaic inverter
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of three-phase photovoltaic inverter control, in particular to a method for detecting a phase-lacking state and controlling fault-tolerant operation of a three-phase photovoltaic inverter.
Background
In recent years, with the aggravation of energy crisis, new energy power generation represented by photovoltaic and wind power is rapidly developed, and the new energy power generation plays an important role in relieving the energy crisis, optimizing the existing energy structure and reducing environmental pollution. The photovoltaic panel utilizes solar energy to generate electricity, and as the solar energy is inexhaustible in theory, the conversion rate of the photovoltaic panel to the solar energy should be improved as much as possible, and a photovoltaic maximum power tracking technology is developed on the basis of the photovoltaic maximum power tracking technology. In the actual operation process of photovoltaic power generation, faults such as line short-circuit faults, line break faults, inverter bridge arm faults and the like are inevitably generated, under the condition, the conventional method usually enables a photovoltaic inverter to quit operation and to be put into operation again after the faults are recovered, so that the photovoltaic power generation resources are greatly wasted during the faults; in addition, for some weak power grids with photovoltaic power generation in the main proportion, such as power supply in remote areas, if the photovoltaic inverter quits operation when in fault, very large power disturbance can be generated, power grid instability can be caused when in serious condition, and the reliability of power grid operation is greatly reduced. In order to improve the photovoltaic utilization rate and ensure the power supply reliability, for some faults which are not very serious, such as single-phase short circuit, disconnection, faults of a single bridge arm of the inverter and the like, the inverter can be in a fault-tolerant operation state by detecting the fault state in real time and switching a control algorithm, and the power is continuously transmitted to a power grid or a load. After a single-phase short-circuit fault occurs, the phase can be tripped off through the circuit breaker, and the inverter bridge arms are in the same way, so that the fault types can be classified as disconnection faults (phase loss). In the phase-lacking operation state, the three-phase current is asymmetric, so that the three-phase load of the power grid is influenced, such as motor torque pulsation and the like. Through the phase current reconstruction technology, the three-phase current vector track is kept circular, and the impact of torque pulsation and the like can be effectively reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a three-phase photovoltaic inverter open-phase state detection and fault-tolerant operation control method, which is used for realizing open-phase state detection based on a current vector change rule under an αβ coordinate system, keeping a current vector track to be circular based on a phase current reconstruction technology and realizing friendly operation of a photovoltaic inverter in an open-phase state.
The invention specifically relates to a three-phase photovoltaic inverter open-phase detection and fault-tolerant control method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step (1), carrying out topology transformation on a three-phase photovoltaic inverter;
step (2), detecting the running state of the three-phase photovoltaic inverter, if the three-phase photovoltaic inverter runs normally, performing normal control, and if the three-phase photovoltaic inverter runs abnormally, entering step (3);
step (3), fault phase detection and judgment are carried out;
step (4), isolating the fault and controlling the triggering of the switch;
step (5), reconstructing phase current;
and (6) PWM control output adjustment.
Further, the topology modification of the three-phase photovoltaic inverter in the step (1) specifically includes:
for a three-phase three-wire system photovoltaic inverter, in order to ensure that the remaining two phases can normally decouple and operate under the phase-lacking state of the photovoltaic inverter, a neutral wire with a control switch is additionally arranged, and the control switch is triggered to conduct, so that an alternating current neutral point is connected with a direct current neutral point of the inverter, and phase current decoupling operation is realized; under a normal state, the control switch is closed, and the photovoltaic inverter operates under a three-phase three-wire system; for a three-phase four-wire photovoltaic inverter, no additional transformation is needed.
Further, the detecting and determining of the fault phase in the step (3) specifically includes:
the current vector locus is in a standard circle in normal operation, and the radius of the current vector locus is related to the load; when the photovoltaic inverter circuit has an open-circuit fault, the current vector track becomes semicircular, the shape of the current vector track is determined by an open-circuit fault phase, and fault diagnosis can be realized by judging the slope of the current vector track;
three-phase current of the photovoltaic inverter satisfies ia+ib+icWhen the three-phase current is 0, 3/2 coordinate transformation is carried out in a control system, the three-phase current is transformed into a two-phase αβ stationary coordinate system, and a space vector of the current is obtained, wherein the transformation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002417495930000021
in the formula ia、ib、icOutputting three-phase current for a photovoltaic inverter iα、iβTwo phase currents are in a rectangular coordinate system;
the slope of the current vector trajectory is:
Figure BDA0002417495930000022
in the formula, n and n-1 are sampling values of the nth time and the (n-1) th time, under the normal condition, the current vector track is a circle, K is a variation value, and if the inverter is provided with a switch which is switched off, K is a constant value in a half period; the fault phase can be determined by determining the slope of the current vector trajectory.
Further, the fault isolation and control switch triggering in the step (4) specifically comprises:
when the fault phase is accurately judged, a fault signal is sent to a relay or a breaker corresponding to the fault through a control chip, the fault is isolated in time, and an inverter is protected, so that the system stably operates; and triggering a thyristor switch of a central line of the inverter to enable the alternating current neutral point to be communicated with the direct current neutral point of the inverter, so as to prepare for phase-lacking operation.
Further, the phase current reconstruction performed in the step (5) specifically includes:
in a phase-lacking state, phase current needs to be reconstructed, so that a current vector maintains a circular track, and fault-tolerant operation of the photovoltaic inverter is realized; assuming that the three-phase current of the photovoltaic inverter is as follows:
ia=Imcos(ωt)
Figure BDA0002417495930000031
Figure BDA0002417495930000032
when phase a is out of phase, the bc phase current control should be:
Figure BDA0002417495930000033
Figure BDA0002417495930000034
when phase b is out of phase, the ac phase current control should be:
Figure BDA0002417495930000035
Figure BDA0002417495930000036
when phase c is out of phase, the ab-phase current control should be:
Figure BDA0002417495930000037
Figure BDA0002417495930000038
wherein, ImfIs short ofDuring phase operation, the phase current amplitude is determined by actual photovoltaic output and inverter capacity requirements.
Further, the PWM control output adjustment in the step (6) is specifically:
and locking the bridge arm switch corresponding to the fault, obtaining a corresponding modulation signal according to the control requirement of the reconstructed current, comparing the modulation signal with the triangular wave to obtain a switching signal, controlling the normal bridge arm switching tube action of the inverter, and realizing the control of the reconstructed current.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photovoltaic inverter topology;
fig. 2(a), 2(b) and 2(c) are current vector locus diagrams of αβ coordinate system when the a-arm, the b-arm and the c-arm of the photovoltaic inverter have faults, respectively;
fig. 3 is a control flow chart of the open-phase operation of the photovoltaic inverter.
Detailed Description
The following describes in detail a specific embodiment of a method for detecting a phase loss and controlling a fault tolerance of a three-phase photovoltaic inverter according to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a technical scheme of a three-phase photovoltaic inverter open-phase state detection and fault-tolerant operation control strategy, which mainly comprises topology transformation, fault phase detection, fault isolation, control switch triggering, phase current reconstruction, PWM control output adjustment and the like.
1. Topology reconstruction
For a three-phase three-wire system photovoltaic inverter, as shown in fig. 1, in order to enable the remaining two phases of the photovoltaic inverter to be capable of normally decoupling and operating in a phase-lacking state, a neutral wire with a control switch needs to be additionally installed, and the control switch is triggered to be conducted, so that an alternating current neutral point is connected with a direct current neutral point of the inverter, and phase current decoupling operation is realized; under the normal state, the control switch is closed, and the inverter operates under a three-phase three-wire system. For a three-phase four-wire system, no additional modification is required.
2. Fault phase detection
The current vector trajectory is a standard circle in normal operation and its radius is load dependent. When an open-circuit fault occurs to a photovoltaic inverter circuit, a current vector track becomes semicircular, the shape of the current vector track is determined by an open-circuit fault phase, and the shape of the current vector track can be obtained through the time of a power frequency period, so that the position of the fault phase is judged. As shown in fig. 2, the fault diagnosis can be realized by determining the slope of the current vector trajectory.
Three-phase current of the photovoltaic inverter satisfies ia+ib+icWhen the three-phase current is subjected to 3/2 coordinate transformation in a control system, the three-phase current is transformed into a two-phase αβ stationary coordinate system, and a space vector of the current is obtained.
Figure BDA0002417495930000041
In the formula ia、ib、icOutputting three-phase current for a photovoltaic inverter iα、iβTwo phase currents are in a rectangular coordinate system.
The slope of the current vector trajectory is:
Figure BDA0002417495930000042
in the formula, n and n-1 are sampling values of the nth time and the (n-1) th time, under the normal condition, the current vector track is a circle, K is a variable value, and if the inverter has a switch which is turned off, K is a constant value in a half period. As shown in fig. 2, fig. 2(a), 2(b), and 2(c) show the failure of the a-arm, b-arm, and c-arm of the pv inverter, respectively.
3. Fault isolation and control switch triggering
When the fault phase is accurately judged, a fault signal is sent to a relay/breaker corresponding to the fault through a control chip, the fault is isolated in time, and an inverter is protected, so that the system stably operates; and triggering a thyristor switch of a central line of the inverter to enable the alternating current neutral point to be communicated with the direct current neutral point of the inverter, so as to prepare for phase-lacking operation.
4. Phase current reconstruction
In the phase-lacking state, the phase current needs to be reconstructed, so that the current vector maintains a circular track, and the fault-tolerant operation of the photovoltaic inverter is realized. The two-phase current amplitude is controlled to be equal and the phase difference is controlled to be 60 degrees by performing decoupling control on the two-phase normal current. Assuming that the three-phase current of the photovoltaic inverter is as follows:
ia=Imcos(ωt)
Figure BDA0002417495930000051
Figure BDA0002417495930000052
when phase a is out of phase, the bc phase current control should be:
Figure BDA0002417495930000053
Figure BDA0002417495930000054
when phase b is out of phase, the ac phase current control should be:
Figure BDA0002417495930000055
Figure BDA0002417495930000056
when phase c is out of phase, the ab-phase current control should be:
Figure BDA0002417495930000057
Figure BDA0002417495930000058
wherein, ImfWhen the inverter is in phase-failure operation, the phase current amplitude is determined by the actual photovoltaic output and the capacity requirement of the inverter.
5. PWM control output adjustment
And locking the bridge arm switch corresponding to the fault, obtaining a corresponding modulation signal according to the control requirement of the reconstructed current, comparing the modulation signal with the triangular wave to obtain a switching signal, controlling the normal bridge arm switching tube action of the inverter, and realizing the control of the reconstructed current.
6. The specific control flow is shown in fig. 3.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (6)

1. The method for detecting the phase loss and controlling the fault tolerance of the three-phase photovoltaic inverter is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step (1), carrying out topology transformation on a three-phase photovoltaic inverter;
step (2), detecting the running state of the three-phase photovoltaic inverter, if the three-phase photovoltaic inverter runs normally, performing normal control, and if the three-phase photovoltaic inverter runs abnormally, entering step (3);
step (3), fault phase detection and judgment are carried out;
step (4), isolating the fault and controlling the triggering of the switch;
step (5), reconstructing phase current;
and (6) PWM control output adjustment.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the topology reconstruction of the three-phase photovoltaic inverter in the step (1) specifically includes:
for a three-phase three-wire system photovoltaic inverter, in order to ensure that the remaining two phases can normally decouple and operate under the phase-lacking state of the photovoltaic inverter, a neutral wire with a control switch is additionally arranged, and the control switch is triggered to conduct, so that an alternating current neutral point is connected with a direct current neutral point of the inverter, and phase current decoupling operation is realized; under a normal state, the control switch is closed, and the photovoltaic inverter operates under a three-phase three-wire system; for a three-phase four-wire photovoltaic inverter, no additional transformation is needed.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the phase-loss detection and fault-tolerant control method for the three-phase photovoltaic inverter in the step (3) specifically comprises:
the current vector locus is in a standard circle in normal operation, and the radius of the current vector locus is related to the load; when the photovoltaic inverter circuit has an open-circuit fault, the current vector track becomes semicircular, the shape of the current vector track is determined by an open-circuit fault phase, and fault diagnosis can be realized by judging the slope of the current vector track;
three-phase current of the photovoltaic inverter satisfies ia+ib+icWhen the three-phase current is 0, 3/2 coordinate transformation is carried out in a control system, the three-phase current is transformed into a two-phase αβ stationary coordinate system, and a space vector of the current is obtained, wherein the transformation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0002417495920000011
in the formula ia、ib、icOutputting three-phase current for a photovoltaic inverter iα、iβTwo phase currents are in a rectangular coordinate system;
the slope of the current vector trajectory is:
Figure FDA0002417495920000012
in the formula, n and n-1 are sampling values of the nth time and the (n-1) th time, under the normal condition, the current vector track is a circle, K is a variation value, and if the inverter is provided with a switch which is switched off, K is a constant value in a half period; the fault phase can be determined by determining the slope of the current vector trajectory.
4. The method for detecting the phase loss and controlling the fault tolerance of the three-phase photovoltaic inverter according to claim 3, wherein the triggering of the fault isolation and the control switch in the step (4) is specifically as follows:
when the fault phase is accurately judged, a fault signal is sent to a relay or a breaker corresponding to the fault through a control chip, the fault is isolated in time, and an inverter is protected, so that the system stably operates; and triggering a thyristor switch of a central line of the inverter to enable the alternating current neutral point to be communicated with the direct current neutral point of the inverter, so as to prepare for phase-lacking operation.
5. The method for detecting the phase loss and controlling the fault tolerance of the three-phase photovoltaic inverter according to claim 4, wherein the phase current reconstruction in the step (5) is specifically as follows:
in a phase-lacking state, phase current needs to be reconstructed, so that a current vector maintains a circular track, and fault-tolerant operation of the photovoltaic inverter is realized; assuming that the three-phase current of the photovoltaic inverter is as follows:
ia=Imcos(ωt)
Figure FDA0002417495920000021
Figure FDA0002417495920000022
when phase a is out of phase, the bc phase current control should be:
Figure FDA0002417495920000023
Figure FDA0002417495920000024
when phase b is out of phase, the ac phase current control should be:
Figure FDA0002417495920000025
Figure FDA0002417495920000026
when phase c is out of phase, the ab-phase current control should be:
Figure FDA0002417495920000027
Figure FDA0002417495920000028
wherein, ImfWhen the inverter is in phase-failure operation, the phase current amplitude is determined by the actual photovoltaic output and the capacity requirement of the inverter.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the PWM control output adjustment in the step (6) is specifically:
and locking the bridge arm switch corresponding to the fault, obtaining a corresponding modulation signal according to the control requirement of the reconstructed current, comparing the modulation signal with the triangular wave to obtain a switching signal, controlling the normal bridge arm switching tube action of the inverter, and realizing the control of the reconstructed current.
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CN113687226A (en) * 2021-08-20 2021-11-23 中车大连电力牵引研发中心有限公司 Method for identifying open-phase fault of asynchronous motor of urban rail vehicle-controlled traction inverter
CN116565927A (en) * 2023-07-12 2023-08-08 锦浪科技股份有限公司 Battery energy storage system with fault tolerance function
CN116565927B (en) * 2023-07-12 2023-10-20 锦浪科技股份有限公司 Battery energy storage system with fault tolerance function
CN116780926A (en) * 2023-08-24 2023-09-19 深圳闻储创新科技有限公司 Inverter and inverter control method
CN116780926B (en) * 2023-08-24 2023-12-05 深圳闻储创新科技有限公司 Inverter and inverter control method

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