CN111487377A - High-vacuum dynamic pressure source generation and pipeline transfer characteristic testing device and method - Google Patents
High-vacuum dynamic pressure source generation and pipeline transfer characteristic testing device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for testing generation and pipeline transfer characteristics of a high-vacuum dynamic pressure source, and relates to the technical field of atmospheric data sensing. The device is based on components such as an electric-gas proportional valve, a vacuum composite pump, a closed cavity, an industrial control computer and the like, and adopts a servo control method to realize closed-loop control of the vacuum pressure of the closed cavity and generate a constant vacuum pressure signal; on the basis of constant vacuum pressure, the vibration mode of the loudspeaker is controlled by the signal generator and the power amplification circuit to generate sinusoidal signals with different amplitudes and different frequencies, and finally the pressure transmission characteristics of the pressure measurement unit are analyzed by analyzing test data of the pressure measurement unit. In addition, the testing device has the advantages of simple structure and composition, convenient operation, safe and risk-free testing process, low noise and low cost, can generate high-frequency sinusoidal pressure signals, and can obtain required testing data in a laboratory environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field related to atmospheric data sensing, and particularly relates to a device and a method for testing generation and pipeline transfer characteristics of a high-vacuum dynamic pressure source.
Background
Accurate measurement of atmospheric data is very important for flight control, navigation and test result analysis of modern aircrafts. The atmospheric data sensing system is a sensing technology for finishing sensing, resolving and outputting atmospheric data, is used as an important component of a flight control system, and is directly related to the flight performance and guidance precision of an aircraft.
The traditional probe type atmospheric data sensing system has the defects in the aspects of reliability, maintainability, survivability and the like. An embedded Air Data Sensing System (FADS) measures the pressure distribution on the surface of an aircraft by using an array of pressure sensors embedded at different positions on the contour of the front end of the aircraft. The FADS system relies on a pressure sensor to measure pressure, the sensor is embedded in the surface of an aircraft, and the FADS system has great advantages in reliability, maintainability, survivability and invisibility compared with a traditional probe type atmospheric data sensing system.
In the FADS system, the pressure sensor cannot be directly contacted with gas to measure pressure, the gas to be measured and the pressure sensor are required to be connected through the bleed air pipeline, but the amplitude and the phase of the pressure of the gas are changed after the gas passes through the bleed air pipeline, so that the accurate measurement of the pressure is greatly influenced, and the research on the frequency transmission characteristic of the bleed air pipeline is particularly important. The characteristics of the air bleed pipeline can not be studied, and the current generation devices of the dynamic pressure source mainly comprise a piston cylinder sinusoidal pressure generator, a cam nozzle sinusoidal pressure generator and a shock tube, but the devices have complex structures, are difficult to operate practically and are difficult to generate high-frequency pressure signals.
Therefore, a new apparatus and method for generating high vacuum dynamic pressure source and testing the transmission characteristics of the pipeline is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or the improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a method and a device for testing the generation and pipeline transmission characteristics of a high-vacuum dynamic pressure source.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a high-vacuum dynamic pressure source generation and pipeline transmission characteristic testing device, which comprises a pressure generation unit, a pressure measurement unit and a control unit, wherein the pressure generation unit is used for generating a high-vacuum dynamic pressure source; wherein:
the pressure generating unit comprises a vacuum composite pump, an electric-gas proportional valve, a closed cavity, a loudspeaker, a power amplifying circuit and a signal generator; the pressure measuring unit comprises an input end pressure sensor, an output end pressure sensor and a gas-guiding pipeline; the control unit comprises an industrial control computer and a digital-to-analog converter;
the vacuum composite pump is connected with the air inlet end of the electric-gas proportional valve; the air outlet end of the electric-gas proportional valve is connected with the air inlet of the closed cavity; the loudspeaker is arranged in the closed containing cavity, and the signal generator is connected with the loudspeaker through the power amplifying circuit;
the closed cavity, the input end pressure sensor, the gas drainage pipeline and the output end pressure sensor are sequentially communicated together to form a closed test space;
the industrial control computer is respectively connected with the electric-gas proportional valve, the input end pressure sensor and the output end pressure sensor through a plurality of digital-to-analog converters.
Further, the closed cavity comprises a loudspeaker mounting base, an end cover, a pressure output interface, a vacuumizing interface and a sealing plug;
the loudspeaker is fixed on the loudspeaker mounting base, and the end cover is matched with the loudspeaker mounting base to seal the loudspeaker in the closed cavity; the diaphragm of the loudspeaker is arranged towards the end cover; the end cover is provided with a pressure output interface used for communicating the input end pressure sensor and a vacuumizing interface used for vacuumizing;
and a signal output line of the power amplifying circuit is connected into the loudspeaker mounting base through a sealing plug and then is butted with a signal input end of the loudspeaker.
Furthermore, an electromagnetic switch valve is connected in series between the closed cavity and the electric-gas proportional valve and is used for ensuring the effective sealing of the closed cavity; the air outlet end of the electro-pneumatic proportional valve is connected with the air inlet end of the electromagnetic switch valve, and the air outlet end of the electromagnetic switch valve is connected with the vacuumizing interface of the closed cavity; the industrial control computer is connected with the electromagnetic switch valve through a digital/analog converter.
Further, the sealing plug is an aviation plug.
In order to achieve the above object, according to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a high vacuum dynamic pressure source generation and pipeline transmission characteristic testing method, which is implemented by using the high vacuum dynamic pressure source generation and pipeline transmission characteristic testing apparatus as described in any one of the above.
Further, the physical implementation of the pressure generating unit to generate the high frequency sinusoidal pressure signal is simple, specifically: the closed cavity is pumped to a preset basic negative pressure through an electric-air proportional valve and a vacuum composite pump, after the pressure of the closed cavity is stable, a signal generator is started, a sine signal with a preset amplitude and frequency is output and transmitted to a power amplifying circuit, current is amplified through the power amplifying circuit to drive a diaphragm of a loudspeaker to vibrate, the vibration of the diaphragm of the loudspeaker causes the size of a space in the closed cavity to change, so that a sine air pressure signal with a corresponding amplitude and frequency is generated in the closed cavity, and the lower the mass of the diaphragm of the loudspeaker is, the higher the upper limit of the frequency of the sine pressure signal which can be generated is.
Furthermore, sinusoidal air pressure signals generated in the pressure generating unit are sequentially transmitted to the input end pressure sensor, the bleed air pipeline and the output end pressure sensor, pressure signals of the input end and the output end of the bleed air pipeline are measured through the input end pressure sensor and the output end pressure sensor, and pressure transmission frequency characteristics of the bleed air pipeline are obtained through analyzing pressure signal changes of the input end and the output end of the bleed air pipeline.
Furthermore, according to the measured pressure signals of the input end and the output end of the bleed air pipeline, a bode diagram of the bleed air pipeline under vacuum pressure of different frequencies is drawn by using a harmonic frequency analysis method, and the influence of the amplitude and the phase after negative pressure is transmitted through the pipeline is analyzed according to the bode diagram.
In general, the device and the method for testing the generation and transmission characteristics of the high-vacuum dynamic pressure source have the following advantages:
1. the dynamic pressure source generating device provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, small volume and low noise, and because the loudspeaker is arranged in the closed cavity, the change of the size of the inner space of the closed cavity can be directly caused by the vibration of the diaphragm of the loudspeaker, so that the corresponding pressure change is generated, and the amplitude of the obtained sinusoidal signal is stable. Depending on the loudspeaker input signal, a correspondingly high-quality high-frequency or low-frequency sinusoidal pressure signal can be obtained in the pressure sensor. Therefore, the method and the device can provide high-quality high-frequency or low-frequency sinusoidal pressure signals, so that the test accuracy of the pressure response characteristic of the bleed air pipeline of the FADS system can be improved.
2. The pipeline transfer characteristic testing method provided by the invention is wide in adaptability, can analyze the transfer frequency characteristics of the bleed air pipelines with different lengths and diameters, and is simple to operate, and safe and risk-free in the experimental process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high vacuum dynamic pressure source generating and pipeline transfer characteristic testing apparatus according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a plan view of the sinusoidal signal generating unit of fig. 1, which is composed of a speaker and a closed cavity.
Fig. 3 is a sectional view a-a of fig. 2.
FIG. 4 is a bode plot of the preferred embodiment for a 3mm internal diameter and 300mm length bleed line.
The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements or structures, wherein:
1. a vacuum compound pump; 2. an electro-pneumatic proportional valve; 3. an electromagnetic on-off valve; 4. sealing the cavity; 5. a speaker; 6. an input end pressure sensor; 7. an industrial control computer; 8. an output end pressure sensor; 9. a bleed air line; 10. a signal generator; 11. a power amplifier circuit.
4-1, mounting a base of the loudspeaker; 4-2. O-ring seal; 4-3, sealing and fastening screws for the accommodating cavities; 4-4, fixing screws of the loudspeaker; 4-5, end cover; 4-6, a pressure output interface; 4-7, vacuumizing the interface; 4-8. sealing plug (aviation plug in preferred embodiment); and 4-9, fixing the bolt by the aviation plug.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The invention provides a method and a device for testing the generation and pipeline transmission characteristics of a high-vacuum dynamic pressure source.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system principle of a preferred testing device of the present invention, which includes a vacuum compound pump 1, an electro-pneumatic proportional valve 2, an electromagnetic switch valve 3, a bleed air pipeline 9, a sealed cavity 4, a signal generator 10, a power amplifying circuit 11, a speaker 5, high-precision absolute pressure sensors (an input end pressure sensor 6 and an output end pressure sensor 8), an industrial control computer 7, and other elements.
Wherein, the vacuum compound pump 1, the electric-gas proportional valve 2, the electromagnetic switch valve 3, the closed cavity 4, the loudspeaker 5, the power amplifying circuit 11 and the signal generator 10 form a pressure generating unit; the input end pressure sensor 6, the output end pressure sensor 8 and the air bleed pipeline 9 form a pressure measuring unit. The industrial control computer 7 and the analog/digital converter constitute a control unit.
The vacuum composite pump 1 is used as an air source and is connected with the air inlet end of the electric-gas proportional valve 2; the air outlet end of the electric-gas proportional valve 2 is connected with the air inlet end of the electromagnetic switch valve 3, and the air outlet end connected with the electromagnetic switch valve 3 is connected with the air inlet of the closed cavity 4; the loudspeaker 5 is arranged in the closed cavity 4, and the signal generator 10 is connected with the loudspeaker 5 through the power amplifying circuit 11. An electromagnetic switch valve 3 is connected in series between the closed cavity 4 and the electric-gas proportional valve 2 and is used for ensuring the effective sealing of the closed cavity 4. The closed cavity 4, the input end pressure sensor 6, the air guide pipeline 9 and the output end pressure sensor 8 are sequentially communicated together, the closed cavity, the input end pressure sensor 6, the air guide pipeline 9 and the output end pressure sensor 8 jointly form a closed testing space, the volume change of the testing space can be caused by the diaphragm vibration of the loudspeaker 5, and the change can be detected by the input end pressure sensor 6 and the output end pressure sensor 8 through the transmission of gas.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a high vacuum dynamic pressure source generating device provided by the present invention, it can be seen that a pressure generator is disposed at one end of a sealed cavity, a sinusoidal signal is applied to a speaker 5, and vibration of a speaker diaphragm is directly applied to air, which causes compression and expansion of the air. The vacuumizing interface is connected with the electromagnetic switch valve 3 and the electric-gas proportional valve 2 in series and used for accurately obtaining the vacuum pressure of the initial closed cavity. The pressure output connection is connected to the bleed air line 9.
The bleed air line dynamic pressure response characteristic analysis includes pressure generation and pressure measurement. In the control process of pressure generation, the closed cavity 4 is vacuumized to a target pressure value to form a preset negative pressure environment. When the actual pressure value is lower than the target pressure value, the loop is connected with a positive pressure source through an electric-gas proportional valve 2 to inflate the cavity, so that the air pressure in the closed cavity 4 is increased; on the contrary, the electric-gas proportional valve 2 is connected with a negative pressure source to pump the sealed cavity 4, and the air pressure of the sealed cavity 4 is reduced. After the air pressure in the closed cavity 4 is stable, the signal generator 10 is started, a sinusoidal signal with a certain amplitude and frequency is output according to the requirement, the sinusoidal signal is transmitted to the power amplifying circuit 11, and the current is amplified by the power amplifying circuit 11 to drive the loudspeaker 5 in the closed cavity 4 to vibrate, so that the required pressure signal is generated. During pressure measurement, the pressure transmission frequency characteristic of the bleed air line 9 is obtained by analyzing the pressure signals at the input end and the output end of the bleed air line. Preferably, in order to ensure the stability of the internal environment of the sealed cavity 4 during the testing process, the electromagnetic switch valve 3 may be connected in series between the sealed cavity 4 and the electro-pneumatic proportional valve 2, and after the vacuum pumping is performed to a predetermined target pressure value, the electromagnetic switch valve 3 is closed to prevent air leakage.
The specific test process is as follows:
1. when the difference (the command value minus the feedback value) between the command signal obtained by the controller and the feedback signal of the sensor is a positive value, in order to make the gas pressure in the chamber reach a target value, the electro-pneumatic proportional valve 2 is controlled to be in a right state, the electromagnetic switch valve 3 is in an open state, the sealed chamber 4 is inflated, and the gas pressure rises. If the electro-pneumatic proportional valve 2 has a malfunction or the left position of the electro-pneumatic proportional valve 2 is switched on due to pressure impact and oscillation, the electromagnetic switch valve 3 is closed, and the pressure of the closed cavity 4 keeps unchanged.
2. When the difference between the command signal obtained by the controller and the feedback signal of the sensor (command value minus feedback value) is a negative value, in order to make the gas pressure in the cavity reach a target value, the electro-pneumatic proportional valve 2 is controlled to be in a left state, the electromagnetic switch valve 3 is controlled to be in an open state, the sealed cavity 4 is pumped, and the gas pressure is reduced. If the electro-pneumatic proportional valve 2 has a false action or the right position of the electro-pneumatic proportional valve 2 is switched on due to pressure impact and oscillation, the electromagnetic switch valve 3 is closed, and the pressure of the closed cavity 4 keeps unchanged at the current value.
3. When the pressure value in the cavity is close to the target pressure value, the controller controls the electric-gas proportional valve 2 to reduce the opening of the electric-gas proportional valve, the gas flow in the loop is reduced until the air pressure in the closed cavity 4 reaches the target pressure value set by the instruction signal, the electric-gas proportional valve 2 is closed, and the electromagnetic switch valve 3 and the vacuum compound pump 1 are closed.
4. When the pressure of the closed cavity 4 is stable, the signal generator 10 is started, a sinusoidal signal with a certain amplitude and frequency is output as required and is transmitted to the power amplifying circuit 11, and the power amplifying circuit 11 amplifies current to drive the loudspeaker 5 inside the closed cavity 4 to vibrate, so that the rarefied gas inside the closed cavity 4 is compressed and expanded, and a sinusoidal air pressure signal with a certain amplitude and frequency is generated.
5. The dynamic air pressure signal is transmitted in the air guide pipeline 9, the input end pressure sensor 6 detects the dynamic pressure of the input end, the output end pressure sensor 8 detects the dynamic pressure of the output end, the dynamic pressure is transmitted to the industrial control computer 7 through the A/D data acquisition card, and the dynamic pressure is stored and processed.
6. A harmonic input test method is adopted, sinusoidal pressure signals with different amplitudes and frequencies are input, according to the collected pressure signals of the input end and the output end, a bode diagram of the bleed air pipeline under vacuum pressures with different frequencies can be drawn, and the influence of the amplitudes and phases after negative pressure is transmitted through the bleed air pipeline is analyzed according to the bode diagram. Fig. 4 shows a bode diagram with a base pressure of 3kPa, an inner diameter of the bleed air line of 3mm, and a length of 300mm, and it can be seen that the phase difference between the inlet pressure and the outlet pressure increases with the increase of the experimental frequency, the amplitude ratio between the inlet pressure and the outlet pressure increases with the increase of the frequency, and when the signal frequency is less than 10Hz, both the phase difference and the amplitude ratio are small, which indicates that when the frequency of the pressure signal is small, the attenuation of the pressure signal by the bleed air line is small, but the attenuation of the pressure signal by the bleed air line increases gradually with the increase of the frequency. The results of the experimental measurement are well matched with the results of the theoretical analysis, which proves the accuracy of the measurement results.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A high vacuum dynamic pressure source generation and pipeline transmission characteristic testing device is characterized by comprising a pressure generation unit, a pressure measurement unit and a control unit; wherein:
the pressure generating unit comprises a vacuum composite pump (1), an electric-gas proportional valve (2), a closed containing cavity (4), a loudspeaker (5), a power amplifying circuit (11) and a signal generator (10); the pressure measurement unit comprises an input end pressure sensor (6), an output end pressure sensor (8) and a bleed air pipeline (9); the control unit comprises an industrial control computer (7) and a digital/analog converter;
the vacuum composite pump (1) is connected with the air inlet end of the electric-gas proportional valve (2); the air outlet end of the electric-gas proportional valve (2) is connected with the air inlet of the closed cavity (4); the loudspeaker (5) is arranged in the closed cavity (4), and the signal generator (10) is connected with the loudspeaker (5) through the power amplification circuit (11);
the closed cavity (4), the input end pressure sensor (6), the air guide pipeline (9) and the output end pressure sensor (8) are sequentially communicated together to form a closed test space;
the industrial control computer (7) is respectively connected with the electric-gas proportional valve (2), the input end pressure sensor (6) and the output end pressure sensor (8) through a plurality of digital-to-analog converters.
2. The high-vacuum dynamic pressure source generation and pipeline transfer characteristic testing device according to claim 1, wherein the closed cavity (4) comprises a loudspeaker mounting base (4-1), an end cover (4-5), a pressure output interface (4-6), a vacuumizing interface (4-7) and a sealing plug (4-9);
the loudspeaker (5) is fixed on the loudspeaker mounting base (4-1), and the end cover (4-5) is matched with the loudspeaker mounting base (4-1) to seal the loudspeaker (5) in the sealed cavity (4); the diaphragm of the loudspeaker (5) is arranged towards the end cover (4-5); the end cover (4-5) is provided with a pressure output interface (4-6) for communicating the input end pressure sensor (6) and a vacuumizing interface (4-7) for vacuumizing;
the signal output circuit of the power amplifying circuit (11) is connected to the loudspeaker mounting base (4-1) through a sealing plug (4-8) and then is in butt joint with the signal input end of the loudspeaker (5).
3. The high-vacuum dynamic pressure source generation and pipeline transmission characteristic testing device as claimed in claim 2, wherein an electromagnetic switch valve (3) is connected in series between the closed cavity (4) and the electro-pneumatic proportional valve (2) for ensuring effective sealing of the closed cavity (4); the air outlet end of the electric-air proportional valve (2) is connected with the air inlet end of the electromagnetic switch valve (3), and the air outlet end of the electromagnetic switch valve (3) is connected with a vacuumizing interface (4-7) of the closed cavity (4); the industrial control computer (7) is connected with the electromagnetic switch valve (3) through a digital/analog converter.
4. A high vacuum dynamic pressure source generating and line transfer characteristic testing device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the sealing plug (4-8) is an aircraft plug.
5. A method for testing generation and pipeline transmission characteristics of a high-vacuum dynamic pressure source is characterized by being realized by adopting the device for testing the generation and pipeline transmission characteristics of the high-vacuum dynamic pressure source as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. The method for testing the generation and pipeline transmission characteristics of the high vacuum dynamic pressure source according to claim 5, wherein the physical implementation of the pressure generation unit generating the high frequency sinusoidal pressure signal is simple, specifically: the closed cavity (4) is pumped to a preset basic negative pressure through the electric-air proportional valve (2) and the vacuum composite pump (1), after the pressure of the closed cavity (4) is stable, a signal generator (10) is started to output sine signals with preset amplitude and frequency and transmit the sine signals to the power amplification circuit (11), the power amplification circuit (11) amplifies current to drive the diaphragm of the loudspeaker (5) to vibrate, the vibration of the diaphragm of the loudspeaker (5) causes the size of the inner space of the closed cavity (4) to change, so that sine air pressure signals with corresponding amplitude and frequency are generated in the closed cavity (4), the lighter the diaphragm of the loudspeaker (5) is, and the higher the upper limit of the frequency of the generated sine air pressure signals is.
7. The method for testing the generation and pipeline transmission characteristics of the high vacuum dynamic pressure source according to claim 6, wherein the sinusoidal air pressure signal generated in the pressure generating unit is sequentially transmitted to the input end pressure sensor (6), the bleed air pipeline (9) and the output end pressure sensor (8), the pressure signals at the input end and the output end of the bleed air pipeline (9) are measured by the input end pressure sensor (6) and the output end pressure sensor (8), and the pressure transmission frequency characteristic of the bleed air pipeline (9) is obtained by analyzing the pressure signal variation at the input end and the output end of the bleed air pipeline (9).
8. The method for testing the generation and pipeline transmission characteristics of the high vacuum dynamic pressure source according to claim 7, wherein a bode diagram of the air-bleed pipeline (9) under vacuum pressures of different frequencies is drawn by using a harmonic frequency analysis method according to the measured pressure signals at the input end and the output end of the air-bleed pipeline (9), and the influence of the amplitude and phase after the negative pressure is transmitted through the pipeline is analyzed according to the bode diagram.
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| CN112525152A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-03-19 | 北京空间机电研究所 | Quick response high accuracy atmospheric pressure altitude analog system |
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Application publication date: 20200804 |