CN111487282A - Device and method for measuring heterogeneous content in porous material with limited thickness - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring heterogeneous content in porous material with limited thickness Download PDFInfo
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- CN111487282A CN111487282A CN202010421548.9A CN202010421548A CN111487282A CN 111487282 A CN111487282 A CN 111487282A CN 202010421548 A CN202010421548 A CN 202010421548A CN 111487282 A CN111487282 A CN 111487282A
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- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/20—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for measuring heterogeneous content in a porous material with limited thickness, wherein the device comprises a thermal excitation side probe, a heat insulation boundary side probe, a variable pressure controller, a data acquisition device and a computer data processing system; the thermal excitation side probe comprises a temperature measurement heating sheet, a temperature sensor, a thermal excitation side heat flow probe, a thermal excitation side heating sheet and the like; the heat insulation boundary side probe comprises a heat insulation boundary side heat flow probe, a heat insulation boundary side heating sheet and the like; the variable-voltage controller is provided with a main controller, a heat flow data processing and variable-voltage power supply module, a power supply and other structures; can realize remote long-term heterogeneous content monitoring. The invention provides two probe arrangement forms: (1) the thermal excitation side probe and the thermal insulation boundary side probe are correspondingly arranged on two sides of the material to be measured; (2) the two thermal excitation side probes are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the material to be detected. The thermal excitation side probe and the thermal insulation boundary side probe are in sheet shapes, are tightly attached by a multilayer structure, have certain rigidity and are not easy to deform. Compared with the existing unsteady heat conduction method of a plane heat source, the method for performing heat flow compensation control and arranging the symmetrical heat source at the boundary of the material to be detected creates a heat insulation boundary, and greatly reduces the requirement on the thickness of the material to be detected.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of material detection and analysis, and relates to a device and a method for measuring heterogeneous content in a porous material with limited thickness based on a plane heat source unsteady state heat conduction principle.
Background
The invasion of heterogeneous components in the porous material can change the characteristics of the material, greatly reduce the heat preservation and noise elimination performance of the material, induce the phenomena of mildew, corrosion and the like, and further shorten the service life of the material. The measurement of heterogeneous content in porous materials is an extremely necessary means and technique. The measurement of heterogeneous content of materials, especially the measurement method of water content of materials and related research are more, but all have certain theoretical and use limitations. The existing measurement methods generally calculate the heterogeneous content in the measured material by measuring other physical quantities having a certain corresponding relationship with the content of the heterogeneous component in the porous material, and can be divided into an electrical method, a thermal method, a radiation method and the like according to different measurement principles. Thermal methods have been widely studied because of their characteristics such as simplicity, low cost, and insensitivity to the salt content in water. The thermal method calculates the heterogeneous content in the material to be measured according to the temperature dynamic response signal of a certain fixed position of a linear or columnar heat source with the measuring distance arranged in the material to be measured.
Most of the current researches are to measure heterogeneous content of the porous material by using a thermal pulse method and a hot plate method based on a thermal method. The thermal pulse method analyzes and resolves the temperature field of the line heat source instantaneously acting on the infinite uniform medium, and calculates the volume heat capacity value by using the maximum temperature rise obtained by the temperature sensor, so as to obtain the heterogeneous content. The hot plate method is characterized in that a linear heat source arranged in a double-helix manner is analyzed and solved in a temperature field of an infinite uniform medium under the action of constant power in a plane, and the temperature change of the linear heat source is obtained by using the resistance value change of a resistor of the linear heat source to calculate the volume heat capacity value, so that the heterogeneous content is obtained. The two methods use infinite homogeneous medium hypothesis as theoretical formulas, and can only be used under the conditions that the external dimension of the material to be detected is large enough and no heat dissipation exists at the boundary, so the actual application range is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for measuring heterogeneous content in a porous material with limited thickness, and solves the problems that heterogeneous measuring equipment in the prior art is easily influenced by the thickness of a measured material and a measuring environment, has large heat productivity, cannot be arranged in the measured material for long time for measurement and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an apparatus for measuring heterogeneous content in a porous material with limited thickness, comprising two arrangements:
the first arrangement form comprises a thermal excitation side probe, a heat insulation boundary side probe, a variable pressure controller, a data acquisition device and a computer data processing system; the second arrangement mode comprises two sets of thermal excitation side probes, a variable voltage controller, a data acquisition device and a computer data processing system;
in the first arrangement form, the thermal excitation side probe and the thermal insulation boundary side probe are respectively arranged at two sides of the measured porous material, the center positions of the thermal excitation side probe and the thermal insulation boundary side probe are kept consistent, and the projections along the thickness direction of the measured material are overlapped. In the second arrangement form, two identical thermal excitation side probes are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the measured material, and projections along the thickness direction of the measured material are overlapped.
The thermal excitation side probe comprises a temperature measurement heating sheet, a temperature sensor, a thermal excitation side heat flow probe, a thermal excitation side heating sheet, a power supply and the like. The temperature sensor, the temperature measuring heating sheet, the thermal excitation side heat flow probe and the thermal excitation side heating sheet are tightly attached in sequence to form a thermal excitation side probe main body part.
The adiabatic boundary side probe includes an adiabatic boundary side heat flow probe, an adiabatic boundary side heat-generating sheet, a power supply, and the like. The heat insulation boundary side heat flow probe and the heat insulation boundary side heating sheet are closely attached to form a heat insulation boundary side probe body part.
The variable-voltage controller is provided with a main controller, a heat flow data processing and variable-voltage power supply module, a power supply and other structures. The main controller is directly connected with a power supply and a heat flow data processing and voltage transformation power supply module. The heat flow data processing and variable voltage power supply module processes heat flow signals transmitted by the thermal excitation side heat flow probe and the thermal insulation boundary side heat flow probe and transmits the heat flow signals to the main controller. The main controller transmits control signals for controlling the heating power of the thermal excitation side heating sheet and the thermal insulation boundary side heating sheet through the heat flow data processing and variable voltage power supply module.
The main controller is used for controlling the power supply voltage of the thermal excitation heating sheet and the thermal insulation boundary side heating sheet, so that the heat flow value of the thermal excitation side heat flow probe and the thermal insulation boundary side heat flow probe is zero. The heat flow data processing and variable voltage power supply module controls the power supply voltage of the thermal excitation side heating sheet and the thermal insulation boundary side heating sheet according to the instruction of the main controller; and the heat flow data processing and variable voltage power supply module processes the incoming signals of the heat flow probe and feeds the processed signals back to the main controller.
The thermal excitation side probe maintains the thermal current value measured by the thermal current probe to be zero by adjusting the heat productivity of the thermal excitation side heating sheet. The temperature measuring heating sheet heats with constant power, and all the heat is transferred to the material to be measured.
The heat flow value of the heat flow probe on the heat insulation boundary side is maintained to be zero by adjusting the heat productivity of the heat-generating sheet on the heat insulation boundary side, so that the boundary of the detected material is heat-insulated.
The thermal excitation side probe and the thermal insulation boundary side probe are consistent in shape, are sheet-shaped, have certain rigidity, and are tightly attached to the boundary of the porous material to be detected.
The temperature sensor is a thermocouple or a thermal resistor. In order to obtain the average temperature of the surface of the heating sheet at the temperature measuring end, one or more temperature sensors may be arranged on the heating sheet.
The method for measuring heterogeneous content by using the device comprises the following steps:
a. measuring the thickness of the measured material;
b. arranging the device on two sides of the material to be tested;
c. after the temperature field distribution in the material to be detected is stable, switching on a heating circuit, and starting a variable voltage controller and a data acquisition device;
d. the temperature sensor detects the temperature rise of the surface of the temperature-measuring heating sheet, and the data acquisition device records the temperature rise and transmits the measurement result to the computer;
e. the computer solves the change rate of the temperature rise along with the time, finishes the measurement and records the change rate after the change rate is stable, and closes the heating circuit, the variable voltage controller and the data acquisition device;
f. and calculating thermophysical parameters by using the recorded temperature rise change rate and calculating to obtain heterogeneous content.
Compared with the existing method and device for measuring the heterogeneous content in the material by the unsteady thermal method, the method and the device have the beneficial effects that:
1. the sensor probe can be arranged at the position of a material to be detected for a long time and is directly attached to the surface of the material to be detected, so that the material to be detected cannot be damaged, and remote online monitoring is realized;
2. the heat insulation boundary is manufactured by controlling the heat productivity of the heating sheet at the compensation end, so that the plate-shaped material with a relatively thin thickness can be accurately measured;
3. the thermal excitation side probe and the thermal insulation boundary side probe are of multilayer structures, are not easy to deform, and are beneficial to reducing errors caused by distance change between the heating sheet and the temperature sensor or appearance change of the probes in the using process.
4. The calculation method for calculating the heterogeneous content based on the temperature rise rate instead of the temperature value can eliminate the interference of contact thermal resistance on the test, can realize long-term remote online heterogeneous content monitoring, and is simple and quick in measurement method.
The invention applies the unsteady heat conduction principle of the plane heat source and the heat insulation boundary principle of the additional heat source manufacture to the test of heterogeneous content in the porous material with limited thickness, and the test sensor is arranged outside the tested material, thereby realizing the non-invasive measurement of the probe. The invention adopts the design of integrating the heating element and the temperature measuring sensor to prevent the possible deformation problem between the heating element and the temperature measuring sensor. The integrated arrangement mode enables the heating power required by the heating sheet to be smaller, and the interference of convection and radiation heat transfer in the porous material to the test result can be reduced. The probe of the measuring equipment has compact structure and small occupied volume, does not need other auxiliary equipment, and can be applied to various narrow test environments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a heterogeneous component detection sensor of a finite-thickness porous material based on the principle of unsteady heat conduction of a planar heat source according to the present invention; FIG. 1(a) is a thermal excitation side probe, and FIG. 1(b) is an adiabatic interface side probe; in the figure; 1 is a power supply; 2 is a thermal excitation side heating sheet; 3 is a heat excitation end heat flow probe; 4 is a temperature measuring heating sheet; 5 is a temperature sensor; 6 is an adiabatic boundary side heat flow probe; 7 is a heat-insulating boundary side heating film sheet;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of two arrangements of probes of a heterogeneous component detection sensor of a porous material with limited thickness provided by the invention; FIG. 2(a) is a first arrangement and FIG. 2(b) is a second arrangement; in the figure; 8 is a thermal excitation side probe; 9 is a heat insulation interface side probe; 10 is a material to be detected; 11 is a variable voltage controller;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the internal operation of the voltage transformation controller according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the operation when the heterogeneous composition is measured using the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the device for measuring heterogeneous content in porous material of the present invention comprises a thermal excitation side probe, a thermal insulation boundary side probe and a variable pressure controller;
the thermal excitation end probe comprises a temperature sensor 3, a temperature measurement heating sheet 4, a thermal excitation side heat flow probe 2 and a thermal excitation side heating sheet 1, and the thermal excitation end probe and the thermal excitation side heat flow probe are tightly attached from inside to outside. The measurement result of the temperature sensor 3 is transmitted to a data acquisition unit, the temperature measurement heating sheet 4 is connected with a constant voltage power supply, and the thermal excitation side heat flow probe 2 and the thermal excitation side heating sheet 1 respectively transmit signals with a variable voltage controller;
the heat insulation boundary side probe comprises a heat insulation boundary side heat flow probe 5 and a heat insulation boundary side heating film 6, and is in signal transmission with the variable pressure controller;
the variable-voltage controller is provided with a main controller, a heat flow data processing and variable-voltage power supply module, a power supply and other structures.
The invention provides a method for determining heterogeneous content of a porous material with limited thickness based on a thermal method, which comprises the following steps:
a. the measuring probes of the device are arranged on two sides of a measured material according to the figure 1, so that the measuring probes are in close contact with the surface of the measured material, and the thickness of the measured material is measured.
b. And standing the measured material with the arranged measuring probe for a period of time, switching on a heating circuit after the temperature distribution is uniform, starting the variable voltage controller and the data acquisition unit, and starting the test. The thermometric heating sheet generates heat at a constant power, and in the first arrangement, the main controller controls the thermal excitation side heating sheet and the adiabatic boundary side heating sheet to generate heat at a varying power, and in the second arrangement, the main controller controls the two thermal excitation side heating sheets to generate heat at a varying power.
c. The temperature sensor detects the temperature rise of the surface of the temperature-measuring heating diaphragm, and the data acquisition device records the temperature rise and transmits the measurement result to the computer.
d. The computer solves the change rate of the temperature rise along with the heating time, finishes measuring and recording the change rate after the change rate is stable, and closes the heating circuit, the variable-voltage controller and the data acquisition device;
e. calculating volumetric heat capacity of the measured material by using the recorded change rate
The method for calculating the volumetric heat capacity of the measured material comprises the following steps of:
when in use
When in use
When T is 0, T is T0(4)
Wherein T is the temperature of any point in the porous material to be detected, and K; t is0Is the initial temperature, K, of the porous material to be measured; lambda is the thermal conductivity coefficient of the porous material to be measured, Wm-1K-1(ii) a Rho is the density of the measured porous material, kgm-3(ii) a c is the specific heat capacity of the porous material to be measured, Jkg-1K-1(ii) a ρ c is the volumetric heat capacity of the porous material to be measured, Jm-3K-1；
W/m of heat flux density of heating sheet at temperature measuring end2(ii) a Q is the total input power of the heating sheet at the temperature measuring end, W; a is the area of the heating sheet at the temperature measuring end, m2(ii) a l is the distance between the constant heat flow boundary and the adiabatic boundary, m. In a first arrangement, l is 2 and in a second arrangement; where is the thickness of the material being measured.
The partial differential equation set is solved by referring to the method in H.S. Carlslaw, J.C. Jaeger.connection of Heat in solids.2 d edition.Oxford Clarendon Press,1986:89-112, and the temperature rise of the tested porous material at the constant Heat flow boundary x ═ l is resolved as follows:
wherein α is the thermal diffusivity, m2S; the time term t is derived from equation (5),
when t is sufficiently large, equation (6) can be simplified to
Namely, when the heating time t is large enough, the change rate of the temperature rise along with the time has a linear relation with the reciprocal of the volumetric heat capacity rho c of the tested porous material. The volumetric heat capacity ρ c can be calculated using the rate of change in temperature with time.
f. And calculating the volume fraction of the heterogeneous content by a preset calculation program according to the one-to-one correspondence relationship between the volume heat capacity rho c and the heterogeneous content. The volumetric heat capacity is related to the heterogeneous content as follows:
ρdrycdry+ρwcwxw＝ρC (8)
where ρ isdryThe dry density (kgm) of the tested porous material before heterogeneous invasion-3)，cdryThe dry specific heat capacity (Jkg) of the tested porous material before heterogeneous invasion-1K-1)，ρdrycdryThe volume heat capacity (Jm) of the porous material to be tested when dried before the invasion of the heterogeneous material-3·K-1)，ρwIs the density (kgm) of pure heterogeneous components-3)，cwSpecific heat capacity (Jkg) of pure heterogeneous composition-1K-1)，ρwcwVolumetric heat capacity (Jm) as a purely heterogeneous component-3·K-1)，xwThe volume fraction of the pure heterogeneous component, ρ C, is the volumetric heat capacity (Jm) of the porous material to be tested-3·K-1)；
According to the difference of the volumetric heat capacities before and after the intrusion of the heterogeneous material of the porous material to be detected, the volume fraction of the content of the pure heterogeneous component is solved:
wherein x is heterogeneous content volume fraction.
After the heating sheet, the heat flow probe and the temperature sensor are tightly attached, the measuring probe with certain rigidity is formed, and the measuring probe can be arranged on two sides of a porous material with limited thickness, which needs to be subjected to heterogeneous content measurement, for a long time. After the heating sheet at the temperature measuring end is electrified and heated, the variable-voltage controller controls the heating power of the heating sheet at the thermal excitation side and the heating sheet at the heat insulation boundary side to manufacture a boundary without heat flow passing. The temperature sensor measures the temperature rise response of the surface of the temperature measurement heating sheet, and the data collector collects measurement data and transmits the measurement data to the computer. And the computer calculates the heterogeneous content of the material to be detected according to a preset program. Because the method of carrying out heat flow compensation control and arranging the symmetrical heat source at the boundary of the material to be detected is used, a heat insulation boundary is created, and the requirement on the thickness of the material to be detected is greatly reduced; the heating element reduces the heating value, and can reduce the influence of convection heat transfer, radiation heat transfer or phase change of heterogeneous components on the measurement precision; the volumetric heat capacity of the measured material is calculated by using the change rate of the temperature rise along with the time, and the calculation is simple and convenient, and the measurement precision is high.
Claims (8)
1. A device for measuring heterogeneous content in a porous material with limited thickness is characterized by comprising a thermal excitation side probe, a thermal insulation boundary side probe, a variable pressure controller, a data acquisition device and a computer data processing system; the thermal excitation side probe and the thermal insulation boundary side probe are respectively arranged at two sides of the measured porous material, the central positions of the thermal excitation side probe and the thermal insulation boundary side probe are kept consistent, and the projections along the thickness direction of the measured material are superposed;
the thermal excitation side probe comprises a temperature measurement heating sheet, a temperature sensor, a thermal excitation side heat flow probe, a thermal excitation side heating sheet and a power supply; the temperature sensor, the temperature measuring heating sheet, the thermal excitation side heat flow probe and the thermal excitation side heating sheet are sequentially and tightly attached to form a thermal excitation side probe main body part;
the heat insulation boundary side probe comprises a heat insulation boundary side heat flow probe, a heat insulation boundary side heating sheet and a power supply; the heat insulation boundary side heat flow probe is tightly attached to the heat insulation boundary side heating sheet to form a heat insulation boundary side probe body part;
the variable-voltage controller comprises a main controller, a heat flow data processing and variable-voltage power supply module and a power supply; the main controller is directly connected with a power supply and a heat flow data processing and voltage transformation power supply module; the heat flow data processing and variable-voltage power supply module processes heat flow signals transmitted by the thermal excitation side heat flow probe and the thermal insulation boundary side heat flow probe and transmits the heat flow signals to the main controller; the main controller transmits control signals for controlling the heating power of the thermal excitation side heating sheet and the thermal insulation boundary side heating sheet through the heat flow data processing and variable voltage power supply module;
the main controller is used for controlling the power supply voltages of the thermal excitation heating sheet and the thermal insulation boundary side heating sheet, so that the heat flow values of the thermal excitation side heat flow probes and the thermal insulation boundary side heat flow probes are zero; the heat flow data processing and variable voltage power supply module controls the power supply voltage of the thermal excitation side heating sheet and the thermal insulation boundary side heating sheet according to the instruction of the main controller; and the heat flow data processing and variable voltage power supply module processes the incoming signals of the heat flow probe and feeds the processed signals back to the main controller.
2. A device for measuring heterogeneous content in a porous material with limited thickness is characterized by comprising two sets of thermal excitation side probes, a variable pressure controller, a data acquisition device and a computer data processing system; two identical thermal excitation side probes are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the measured material, and projections along the thickness direction of the measured material are superposed;
the thermal excitation side probe comprises a temperature measurement heating sheet, a temperature sensor, a thermal excitation side heat flow probe, a thermal excitation side heating sheet and a power supply; the temperature sensor, the temperature measuring heating sheet, the thermal excitation side heat flow probe and the thermal excitation side heating sheet are sequentially and tightly attached to form a thermal excitation side probe main body part;
the variable-voltage controller comprises a main controller, a heat flow data processing and variable-voltage power supply module and a power supply; the main controller is directly connected with a power supply and a heat flow data processing and voltage transformation power supply module; the heat flow data processing and voltage transformation power supply module processes heat flow signals transmitted by the thermal excitation side heat flow probe and transmits the heat flow signals to the main controller; the main controller transmits a control signal for controlling the heating power of the heating sheet at the thermal excitation side through the heat flow data processing and variable voltage power supply module;
the main controller is used for controlling the power supply voltage of the thermal excitation heating sheet, so that the heat flow value of the thermal excitation side heat flow probe is zero; the heat flow data processing and voltage transformation power supply module controls the power supply voltage of the heating sheet on the thermal excitation side according to the instruction of the main controller; and the heat flow data processing and variable voltage power supply module processes the incoming signals of the heat flow probe and feeds the processed signals back to the main controller.
3. The device for measuring heterogeneous content in a porous material of limited thickness according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the thermal excitation side probe maintains the thermal flow value measured by the thermal flow probe to be zero by adjusting the heat productivity of the thermal excitation side heating sheet; the temperature measuring heating sheet heats with constant power, and all the heat is transferred to the material to be measured.
4. The apparatus for measuring heterogeneous content in a porous material with limited thickness according to claim 1, wherein: the heat flow value of the heat flow probe on the heat insulation boundary side is maintained to be zero by adjusting the heat productivity of the heat-generating sheet on the heat insulation boundary side, so that the boundary of the detected material is heat-insulated.
5. The device for measuring heterogeneous content in a porous material of limited thickness according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the thermal excitation side probe and the thermal insulation boundary side probe are consistent in shape, are sheet-shaped, have certain rigidity, and are tightly attached to the boundary of the porous material to be detected.
6. The device for measuring heterogeneous content in a porous material of limited thickness according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the temperature sensors are thermocouples or thermal resistors, and the number of the temperature sensors is one or more.
7. A method for measuring the heterogeneous content in a porous material with limited thickness, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
a. measuring the thickness of the measured material;
b. arranging the device on both sides of the material to be measured according to claim 1 or 2;
c. after the temperature field distribution in the material to be detected is stable, switching on a heating circuit, and starting a variable voltage controller and a data acquisition device;
d. the temperature sensor detects the temperature rise of the surface of the temperature-measuring heating sheet, and the data acquisition device records the temperature rise and transmits the measurement result to the computer;
e. the computer solves the change rate of the temperature rise along with the time, finishes the measurement and records the change rate after the change rate is stable, and closes the heating circuit, the variable voltage controller and the data acquisition device;
f. and calculating thermophysical parameters by using the recorded temperature rise change rate and calculating to obtain heterogeneous content.
8. The method for measuring the heterogeneous content in the porous material with the limited thickness according to claim 7, wherein the heterogeneous content calculation method adopted in the step f is used for simplifying the heat transfer process of the measured medium into one-dimensional unsteady pure heat conduction; the arrangement of claim 1 wherein the thermally energized side is a constant heat flow boundary and the adiabatically compensated side is an adiabatic boundary; the device arrangement of claim 2, wherein the heat excitation side is a constant heat flow boundary, and the intermediate interface in the thickness direction of the material to be measured is an adiabatic boundary; x is equal to l at the constant heat flow boundary and x is equal to 0 at the adiabatic boundary; temperature rise analytic solution at x ═ l:
wherein α is the thermal diffusivity, m2/s；
The time term t is derived from equation (5),
when t is sufficiently large, equation (6) can be simplified to
Namely, when the heating time t is large enough, the time-dependent rate of change of the temperature rise and the reciprocal of the volumetric heat capacity rho c of the porous material to be detected have a linear relation; the volume heat capacity rho c can be calculated by using the change rate of the temperature rise along with the time; an arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein, -; in the device arrangement of claim 2, l ═ 2;
the volumetric heat capacity is related to the heterogeneous content as follows:
ρdrycdry+ρwcwxw＝ρc (8)
where ρ isdryThe dry density (kgm) of the tested porous material before heterogeneous invasion-3)，cdryTo be measuredDry specific heat capacity (Jkg) of porous material before heterogeneous invasion-1K-1)，ρdrycdryThe volume heat capacity (Jm) of the porous material to be tested when dried before the invasion of the heterogeneous material-3·K-1)，ρwIs the density (kgm) of pure heterogeneous components-3)，cwSpecific heat capacity (Jkg) of pure heterogeneous composition-1K-1)，ρwcwVolumetric heat capacity (Jm) as a purely heterogeneous component-3·K-1)，xwVolume fraction of pure heterogeneous component, ρ c is the volumetric heat capacity (Jm) of the porous material to be tested-3·K-1)；
According to the difference of the volumetric heat capacities before and after the intrusion of the heterogeneous material of the porous material to be detected, the volume fraction of the content of the pure heterogeneous component is solved:
wherein x is heterogeneous content volume fraction.
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