CN111486604A - Photovoltaic intelligent monitoring method of solar water heater - Google Patents

Photovoltaic intelligent monitoring method of solar water heater Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111486604A
CN111486604A CN202010210539.5A CN202010210539A CN111486604A CN 111486604 A CN111486604 A CN 111486604A CN 202010210539 A CN202010210539 A CN 202010210539A CN 111486604 A CN111486604 A CN 111486604A
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solar
water
heat
user
water heater
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刘华凯
高钱
杨岩冰
孙玉泉
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Shandong Institute for Product Quality Inspection
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Shandong Institute for Product Quality Inspection
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/40—Solar heat collectors combined with other heat sources, e.g. using electrical heating or heat from ambient air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
    • F24S50/40—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors responsive to temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S80/30—Arrangements for connecting the fluid circuits of solar collectors with each other or with other components, e.g. pipe connections; Fluid distributing means, e.g. headers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)

Abstract

A photovoltaic intelligent monitoring method of a solar water heater comprises the following steps that (1) a photovoltaic cell assembly of a photovoltaic power generation device is installed on the same lighting surface of a solar heat collector, and the solar irradiation condition at the moment t is judged; (2) the user sets the heat demand and whether to assist the electric heating; (3) reporting the running state and fault information of the solar water heater to a user by monitoring the water temperature in the heat collecting water tank; (4) and if the water consumption time set by the user is up and the hot water temperature in the heat collecting water tank cannot meet the hot water temperature set by the user, starting the electric heater, reporting the power consumption to the user, monitoring whether the current and voltage values are abnormal or not in the heating process, and reminding the user to check the electric heater when the current and voltage values are abnormal. The method realizes real-time monitoring of the performance of the solar water heater, is beneficial to summarizing and analyzing the service condition of the solar water heater in a regional range, and is beneficial to improving the after-sale service timeliness of a solar water heater manufacturer on an in-service water heater.

Description

Photovoltaic intelligent monitoring method of solar water heater
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for monitoring the running state of a solar water heater, belonging to the technical field of solar water heaters.
Background
With the popularization of solar heat utilization technology and the requirements of energy conservation and emission reduction, solar heat utilization of high-rise buildings is more and more extensive. However, due to reasons such as sun shading, improper installation or weather conditions, the solar water heater is not hot enough, and the use requirements and use experience of consumers cannot be met.
Due to a plurality of influence factors, after a plurality of solar water heaters installed at high floors are unheated, the reason of the unheated water is difficult to be checked, and the customer complaint rate is increased sharply. Because the specific conditions of energy conservation and power consumption of the solar water heater are not known, a lot of consumers dare not to keep the solar water heater to be electrified for a long time, so that the heating function of the solar water heater cannot be used, the consumption experience that the consumers understand consumption and want to use the solar water heater for use cannot be met, and even part of consumers start to dismantle the solar water heater.
With the rapid development of the internet of things technology, intelligent household appliances walk into the lives of people in a dispute, and the problem that a solar water heater is not intelligent and often not hot brings much trouble to consumers, so that a photovoltaic intelligent monitoring device applied to the solar water heater is urgently needed to improve the intelligent control level of the solar water heater so as to meet the requirements of people on intelligent, convenient and energy-saving lives.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a photovoltaic intelligent monitoring method applied to a solar water heater, aiming at the inconveniences of no heat, no intelligence, unclear power consumption and the like in the use process of the existing household solar water heater. The device is interactive with the user through thing networking customer end, can judge water heater working condition according to solar light intensity, hot water collecting tank temperature, and the user can use the customer end to set up individualized heat demand, saves running conditions such as energy, power consumption through customer end monitoring device.
The invention relates to a photovoltaic intelligent monitoring method of a solar water heater, wherein the solar water heater comprises a solar heat collector, a heat collection water tank and an electric heater arranged in the heat collection water tank; the specific process is as follows:
(1) installing a photovoltaic cell assembly of a photovoltaic power generation device on the same lighting surface of the solar thermal collector, and calculating and judging the solar irradiation condition at the t moment according to current and voltage parameters generated by the photovoltaic power generation device;
(2) the user sets the heat demand (water consumption time, hot water temperature and the like) and whether to assist electric heating;
(3) reporting the running state of the solar water heater to a user by monitoring the water temperature in the water collection tank, and reporting fault information to the user when the solar radiation is good and the water heater is not hot;
(4) according to the running state of the solar water heater, if the water consumption time set by a user is reached, the hot water temperature in the heat collecting water tank cannot meet the hot water temperature set by the user, if the user sets auxiliary electric heating, the electric heater is started, the power consumption is monitored and reported to the user in the heating process, meanwhile, whether the current and voltage values are abnormal or not in the heating process is monitored, and the user is reminded to check the electric heater when the current and voltage values are abnormal.
The solar irradiation condition in the step (1) is solar irradiance G at the time ttCumulative solar irradiance H per unit areatAnd total irradiation H of lighting surface of solar heat collectortotalRespectively according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0002421762960000011
Figure BDA0002421762960000021
Htotal＝Scollector·Ht，
wherein:
Gt: solar irradiance at time t, W/m2；
Ut: voltage V generated by the photovoltaic power generation device at the time t;
It: the time t is the current generated by the photovoltaic power generation device, A;
s: photovoltaic cell panel in photovoltaic power generation deviceArea, m2；
Scollector: daylighting area, m, of solar collector2；
η, the comprehensive generating efficiency of the photovoltaic generating device is dimensionless;
Ht: the accumulated solar radiation amount per unit area at the time t, J;
Htotal: total irradiation H of lighting surface of solar heat collector at time ttotal。
The operation condition of the solar water heater reported to the user in the step (3) refers to the heat gain Q of the solar water heater from the set time to the time tt。
The heat gain QtThe heat collecting water tank is composed of two parts of heat preservation of the heat collecting water tank from set time to T moment and heat of water used by a user for n times in the period, wherein the heat preservation of the heat collecting water tank is according to the water temperature T in the heat collecting water tanktCalculating, wherein the heat of the used water is estimated according to the temperature and the water quantity of the cold water entering the heat collecting water tank; thereby estimating the heat quantity Q of the solar water heater from the set time to the t momenttComprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002421762960000022
wherein:
Qt: the heat obtained by the heat collecting water tank from the time set by the user to the time t, J;
Cwater: specific heat capacity of water (generally 4185), J/(kg. DEG. C.);
mtank: collecting water quantity in the water tank, kg;
mi: the water quantity of the nth time water used by the user is kg;
Tt: the temperature of water in the heat collection water tank is adjusted to be in the range of DEG C at the moment t;
Tsettime: the set starting time collects the water temperature in the water tank, DEG C;
Twater: the temperature of cold water entering the heat collecting water tank is lower than the temperature of cold water entering the heat collecting water tank.
The solar radiation in the step (3) is good and hot water is usedWhen the solar water heater is not hot, fault information is reported to a user, namely the photothermal conversion efficiency η of the solar water heaterSWLess than set average photothermal conversion efficiency η of solar water heatersetAnd if so, reporting the abnormity to the client to remind the user of paying attention to the inspection.
Photo-thermal conversion efficiency η of solar water heaterSWAccording to the heat quantity Q of the heat collecting water tank from the time set by the user to the time ttAnd the total irradiation H of the lighting surface of the solar heat collectortotalAnd (3) estimating:
Figure BDA0002421762960000031
average photo-thermal conversion efficiency η of solar water heatersetGenerally, the concentration is 0.35 to 0.45.
In the step (4), the current and voltage values floating by more than 20% of the normal values (the current and voltage values required for reaching the set power of the electric heater) are regarded as abnormal.
As described above, the monitoring method of the present invention can provide the user client with the operation report including the working conditions such as the temperature in the heat collecting tank, the photothermal conversion efficiency, the heat supply amount, etc., and the information such as the solar radiation condition, the power consumption of the solar water heater, etc., at regular time through signal acquisition and calculation. The user client can acquire the information such as the heat demand and the personalized heat consumption characteristics of the heat consumption habit set by the user, and the user satisfaction is improved to the maximum extent.
The invention realizes the real-time monitoring of the performance of the solar water heater, is beneficial to summarizing and analyzing the service condition of the solar water heater in a region range, and is beneficial to improving the after-sale service timeliness of a solar water heater manufacturer for the water heater in service.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the implementation principle of the photovoltaic intelligent monitoring method of the solar water heater.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the control process of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a photovoltaic power generation device; 2. an intelligent control device; 3. operating a monitoring device; 4. a client; 5. a solar heat collector; 6. a heat collecting water tank; 7. an electric heating controller.
Detailed Description
The photovoltaic intelligent monitoring method is mainly realized by a photovoltaic power generation device 1, an intelligent control device 2, an operation monitoring device 3 and a client 4 as shown in figure 1.
The photovoltaic power generation device 1 can adopt various existing miniature photovoltaic power generation devices, is arranged on the same lighting surface with the solar heat collector 5, and provides voltage and current information and partial electric energy required by operation for the intelligent control device 2.
The intelligent control device 2 can be additionally provided with an internet of things module on the basis of the existing single chip microcomputer, is connected with the operation monitoring device 3 through a signal line, and is bidirectionally interconnected with the client 4 through the internet of things module. The intelligent control device 2 and the operation monitoring device 3 can be arranged on the heat collecting water tank 6.
The operation monitoring device 3 comprises a current and voltage acquisition module, a temperature sensor and a flow sensor. The current and voltage acquisition module is connected in series on a power supply circuit of the photovoltaic power generation device 1, is connected with the intelligent control device 2 and is used for acquiring current and voltage of photovoltaic power generation. The power supply circuit of the auxiliary electric heater of the solar water heater can also be connected with a current and voltage acquisition module in series to monitor the power consumption of the electric heater. The temperature sensor is connected with the intelligent control device 2 through the temperature collector. The flow sensor is connected with the intelligent control device 2 through the flow collector. The temperature sensors are respectively arranged in the heat collecting water tank 6 and at a cold water inlet of the heat collecting water tank 6, and respectively collect the hot water temperature in the heat collecting water tank 6 and the water inlet temperature (namely the temperature of tap water entering the water tank 6) at the cold water inlet of the heat collecting water tank 6. The flow sensor is arranged at a cold water inlet of the heat collecting water tank 6 and collects the water inflow of the heat collecting water tank 6. The current and voltage acquisition module, the temperature sensor, the flow sensor, the temperature collector and the flow collector are all in the prior art. The power supply circuit of the auxiliary electric heater of the solar water heater can also be connected with a current and voltage acquisition module in series to monitor the power consumption of the electric heater.
The client 4 is an APP, and is installed in user terminal equipment such as a mobile phone and the like, and is used for interacting with a user.
The solar heat collector 5, the heat collecting water tank 6 and the electric heating controller 7 belong to the inherent components of the solar water heater, see fig. 2. The electric heating controller 7 is used for controlling the start and stop of the electric heater in the heat collecting water tank 6.
The photovoltaic intelligent monitoring method provided by the invention comprises the following specific processes.
The intelligent control device 2 calculates and judges the solar irradiation condition according to the current and voltage parameters provided by the photovoltaic power generation device 1, reports the energy-saving operation condition of the solar water heater to a user by monitoring the water temperature and other information in the heat collection water tank 6, and reports fault information to the user when the solar irradiation is good and the water heater is not hot (namely the photo-thermal conversion efficiency of the solar water heater is lower than a set value);
the power consumption condition of the solar water heater (monitored by the current and voltage values acquired by the current and voltage acquisition module), the monitoring water temperature (monitored by a temperature sensor) and the water inflow of the water tank (monitored by a flow sensor) are acquired by the operation monitoring device 3, and the operation condition of the system is monitored and reported to a user;
the user sets individualized heat demand and whether to carry out supplementary electrical heating to solar water heater and send to intelligent control device 2 through customer end 4, and intelligent control device 2 sets up the start-stop of control to electric heating controller 7 (electric heater is by commercial power supply) according to the user to monitor the power consumption situation and report to the user, the maximize satisfies user's demand.
The intelligent control device 2 calculates and judges the solar irradiance Gt at the t moment and the cumulative solar irradiance H in unit area according to the current and voltage parameters provided by the photovoltaic power generation device 1tAnd total irradiation H of lighting surface of solar heat collectortotal：
Figure BDA0002421762960000041
Figure BDA0002421762960000042
Htotal＝Scollector·Ht(3)
Wherein:
Gt: solar irradiance at time t, W/m2；
Ut: the intelligent control device 2 reads the voltage (monitored by the current and voltage acquisition module) V generated by the photovoltaic power generation device 1 at the time t;
It: the current (monitored by a current and voltage acquisition module) generated by the photovoltaic power generation device 1 and read by the intelligent control device 2 at the moment t is A;
s: area of photovoltaic cell panel, m, of photovoltaic power generation apparatus 12；
Scollector: the lighting area (input through the intelligent control device 2) of a heat collector 5 in the solar water heater is m2；
η, the comprehensive generating efficiency of the photovoltaic generating device 1 is dimensionless;
Ht: accumulating the solar irradiation amount J in unit area at the time t;
Htotal: total irradiation H of lighting surface of solar heat collector at time ttotal。
The intelligent control device 2 provides a temperature signal T according to a temperature sensor arranged in the heat collecting water tank 6tThe heat quantity retained in the heat collecting water tank 6 from the set time to the time t is calculated. According to the water temperature T provided by a temperature sensor and a flow sensor arranged at the cold water inlet of the heat collecting water tank 6water(temperature of tap water entering the tank) and the flow signal m estimate the heat of the user using the water n times during the time from the set time to time t. Estimating the heat quantity Q of the solar water heater from the set time to the t moment according to the twot：
Figure BDA0002421762960000043
Wherein:
Qt: the heat obtained by the heat collecting water tank 6 from the set time to the time t, J;
Cwater: the specific heat capacity of water is generally 4185, J/(kg. DEG C);
mtank: collecting water quantity in the water tank, kg;
mi: the water quantity of the nth time water used by the user is kg;
Tt: the temperature of the water tank is at the t moment;
Tsettime: the temperature of the water tank at the set starting time is DEG C;
Twater: the temperature of the tap water entering the water tank is lower than the temperature of the tap water entering the water tank.
According to QtAnd HtotalEstimating the photothermal conversion efficiency of the solar water heater:
Figure BDA0002421762960000051
ηSWless than set average photothermal conversion efficiency η of solar water heaterset(generally, 0.35 to 0.45), the intelligent control device 2 reports an abnormality to the client 4, and prompts the user to pay attention to the inspection.
Bad weather, solar irradiance GtWhen the water consumption time is short, estimation is carried out according to the current time and the solar irradiance, if the water consumption time set by the user is reached, the generated hot water temperature does not meet the hot water temperature set by the user, and the intelligent control device 2 controls the electric heating controller 7 to be started in advance to carry out auxiliary electric heating (supplied by commercial power). The current I and the voltage U (which can be monitored by a current and voltage acquisition module) consumed in the heating process are monitored, the intelligent control device 2 calculates the power consumption and reports the power consumption to a user, whether the current and voltage values are abnormal or not in the heating process is monitored, and if the current and voltage values float to exceed 20% of normal values (the current and voltage values required by the set power of the electric heater are reached), the abnormal values are regarded as abnormal values, and the user is reminded to check the electric heater.

Claims (7)

1. A photovoltaic intelligent monitoring method of a solar water heater comprises the steps that the solar water heater comprises a solar heat collector, a heat collection water tank and an electric heater arranged in the heat collection water tank; the method is characterized in that:
(1) installing a photovoltaic cell assembly of a photovoltaic power generation device on the same lighting surface of the solar thermal collector, and calculating and judging the solar irradiation condition at the t moment according to current and voltage parameters generated by the photovoltaic power generation device;
(2) the user sets the heat demand and whether to assist the electric heating;
(3) reporting the running state of the solar water heater to a user by monitoring the water temperature in the water collection tank, and reporting fault information to the user when the solar radiation is good and the water heater is not hot;
(4) according to the running state of the solar water heater, if the water consumption time set by a user is reached, the hot water temperature in the heat collecting water tank cannot meet the hot water temperature set by the user, if the user sets auxiliary electric heating, the electric heater is started, the power consumption is monitored and reported to the user in the heating process, meanwhile, whether the current and voltage values are abnormal or not in the heating process is monitored, and the user is reminded to check the electric heater when the current and voltage values are abnormal.
2. The photovoltaic intelligent monitoring method of the solar water heater according to claim 1, characterized in that: the solar irradiation conditions in the step (1) are solar irradiance Gt at the time t and cumulative solar irradiation H in unit areatAnd total irradiation H of lighting surface of solar heat collectortotalRespectively according to the following formula:
Figure FDA0002421762950000011
Figure FDA0002421762950000012
Htotal＝Scollector·Ht，
wherein:
Gt: solar irradiance at time t, W/m2；
Ut: voltage V generated by the photovoltaic power generation device at the time t;
It: the time t is the current generated by the photovoltaic power generation device, A;
s: photovoltaic cell panel area in photovoltaic power generation device，m2；
Scollector: daylighting area, m, of solar collector2；
η, the comprehensive generating efficiency of the photovoltaic generating device is dimensionless;
Ht: the accumulated solar radiation amount per unit area at the time t, J;
Htotal: total irradiation H of lighting surface of solar heat collector at time ttotal。
3. The photovoltaic intelligent monitoring method of the solar water heater according to claim 1, characterized in that: the operation condition of the solar water heater reported to the user in the step (3) refers to the heat gain Q of the solar water heater from the set time to the time tt。
4. The photovoltaic intelligent monitoring method of the solar water heater as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the heat gain QtThe heat collecting water tank is composed of two parts of heat preservation of the heat collecting water tank from set time to T moment and heat of water used by a user for n times in the period, wherein the heat preservation of the heat collecting water tank is according to the water temperature T in the heat collecting water tanktCalculating, wherein the heat of the used water is estimated according to the temperature and the water quantity of the cold water entering the heat collecting water tank; thereby estimating the heat quantity Q of the solar water heater from the set time to the t momenttComprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002421762950000021
wherein:
Qt: the heat obtained by the heat collecting water tank from the time set by the user to the time t, J;
Cwater: the specific heat capacity of water is generally 4185, J/(kg. DEG C);
mtank: the specific heat capacity of water is generally 4185, J/(kg. DEG C);
mi: the water quantity of the nth time water used by the user is kg;
Tt: the temperature of water in the heat collecting water tank at the moment t is lower than DEG C；
Tsettime: the set starting time collects the water temperature in the water tank, DEG C;
Twater: the temperature of cold water entering the heat collecting water tank is lower than the temperature of cold water entering the heat collecting water tank.
5. The photovoltaic intelligent monitoring method of the solar water heater according to claim 1, wherein the step (3) of reporting fault information to a user when the solar radiation is good and the water heater is not hot refers to the photo-thermal conversion efficiency η of the solar water heaterSWLess than set average photothermal conversion efficiency η of solar water heatersetAnd if so, reporting the abnormity to the client to remind the user of paying attention to the inspection.
Photo-thermal conversion efficiency η of solar water heaterSWAccording to the heat quantity Q of the heat collecting water tank from the time set by the user to the time ttAnd the total irradiation H of the lighting surface of the solar heat collectortotalAnd (3) estimating:
Figure FDA0002421762950000022
6. the photovoltaic intelligent monitoring method of the solar water heater according to claim 5, wherein the average photothermal conversion efficiency η of the solar water heatersetTaking 0.35-0.45.
7. The photovoltaic intelligent monitoring method of the solar water heater according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (4), the current and voltage values floating for more than 20% of the normal values are regarded as abnormal.
CN202010210539.5A 2020-03-23 2020-03-23 Photovoltaic intelligent monitoring method of solar water heater Pending CN111486604A (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112682972A (en) * 2020-12-16 2021-04-20 苏州西热节能环保技术有限公司 Quick performance diagnosis device for concentrating solar power station

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112682972A (en) * 2020-12-16 2021-04-20 苏州西热节能环保技术有限公司 Quick performance diagnosis device for concentrating solar power station

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